"orba" meaning in All languages combined

See orba on Wiktionary

Noun [Czech]

IPA: [ˈorba]
Rhymes: -orba Etymology: Derived from Czech verb orat (“to plough”), which is derived from Proto-Slavic *orati, + -ba. This is related to Lithuanian árti, Gothic 𐌰𐍂𐌾𐌰𐌽 (arjan), Middle High German erran, Latin arāre (all of them meaning "to plough"), Old Irish airim (“I plough”), Ancient Greek ἀρόω (aróō, “I plough”), Armenian արաւր (arawr, “a plough”), and Tocharian A and Tocharian B āre (“a plough”). All of these come from Proto-Indo-European *h₂erh₃- (“to plough”). Etymology templates: {{cog|cs|-}} Czech, {{m|cs|orat||to plough}} orat (“to plough”), {{der|cs|sla-pro|*orati}} Proto-Slavic *orati, {{suffix|cs||-ba}} + -ba, {{cog|lt|árti}} Lithuanian árti, {{cog|got|𐌰𐍂𐌾𐌰𐌽}} Gothic 𐌰𐍂𐌾𐌰𐌽 (arjan), {{cog|gmh|erran}} Middle High German erran, {{cog|la|arāre}} Latin arāre, {{cog|sga|airim||I plough}} Old Irish airim (“I plough”), {{cog|grc|ἀρόω||I plough}} Ancient Greek ἀρόω (aróō, “I plough”), {{cog|hy|արաւր||a plough}} Armenian արաւր (arawr, “a plough”), {{cog|xto|-}} Tocharian A, {{cog|txb|-}} Tocharian B, {{m|xto|āre||a plough}} āre (“a plough”), {{der|cs|ine-pro|*h₂erh₃-||to plough}} Proto-Indo-European *h₂erh₃- (“to plough”) Head templates: {{cs-noun|f}} orba f Inflection templates: {{cs-ndecl|f}} Forms: no-table-tags [table-tags], orba [nominative, singular], orby [nominative, plural], orby [genitive, singular], oreb [genitive, plural], orbě [dative, singular], orbám [dative, plural], orbu [accusative, singular], orby [accusative, plural], orbo [singular, vocative], orby [plural, vocative], orbě [locative, singular], orbách [locative, plural], orbou [instrumental, singular], orbami [instrumental, plural]
  1. ploughing Wikipedia link: cs:Český etymologický slovník Tags: feminine Categories (topical): Agriculture

Adjective [Italian]

IPA: /ˈɔr.ba/
Rhymes: -ɔrba Etymology: See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form. Etymology templates: {{nonlemma}} See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form. Head templates: {{head|it|adjective form}} orba
  1. feminine singular of orbo Tags: feminine, form-of, singular Form of: orbo
    Sense id: en-orba-it-adj-b4smc-tH
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 1

Verb [Italian]

IPA: /ˈɔr.ba/
Rhymes: -ɔrba Etymology: See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form. Etymology templates: {{nonlemma}} See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form. Head templates: {{head|it|verb form}} orba
  1. inflection of orbare: Tags: form-of, indicative, present, singular, third-person Form of: orbare
    Sense id: en-orba-it-verb-2xXMJV-p Categories (other): Italian entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Italian entries with incorrect language header: 5 64 30
  2. inflection of orbare: Tags: form-of, imperative, second-person, singular Form of: orbare
    Sense id: en-orba-it-verb-I-rRIc1R
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 2

Adjective [Latin]

Head templates: {{head|la|adjective form}} orba
  1. inflection of orbus:
    nominative/vocative feminine singular
    Tags: feminine, form-of, nominative, singular, vocative
    Sense id: en-orba-la-adj-DovflQhh Categories (other): Latin entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Latin entries with incorrect language header: 31 30 38
  2. inflection of orbus:
    nominative/accusative/nominative neuter plural
    Tags: accusative, form-of, neuter, nominative, plural
    Sense id: en-orba-la-adj-EnpNz0IT Categories (other): Latin entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Latin entries with incorrect language header: 31 30 38

Adjective [Latin]

Forms: orbā [canonical]
Head templates: {{head|la|adjective form|head=orbā}} orbā
  1. ablative feminine singular of orbus Tags: ablative, feminine, form-of, singular Form of: orbus
    Sense id: en-orba-la-adj-PGc7~UPA Categories (other): Latin entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Latin entries with incorrect language header: 31 30 38

Noun [Proto-Slavic]

  1. feminine of *orbъ: female servant, female slave Tags: feminine, form-of, reconstruction Form of: orbъ (extra: female servant, female slave)

Adjective [Sicilian]

Head templates: {{head|scn|adjective form}} orba
  1. feminine singular of orbu Tags: feminine, form-of, singular Form of: orbu
    Sense id: en-orba-scn-adj-7yw05vux Categories (other): Sicilian entries with incorrect language header

Inflected forms

Download JSON data for orba meaning in All languages combined (12.3kB)

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cs",
        "2": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Czech",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cs",
        "2": "orat",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to plough"
      },
      "expansion": "orat (“to plough”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cs",
        "2": "sla-pro",
        "3": "*orati"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *orati",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cs",
        "2": "",
        "3": "-ba"
      },
      "expansion": "+ -ba",
      "name": "suffix"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "árti"
      },
      "expansion": "Lithuanian árti",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "got",
        "2": "𐌰𐍂𐌾𐌰𐌽"
      },
      "expansion": "Gothic 𐌰𐍂𐌾𐌰𐌽 (arjan)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmh",
        "2": "erran"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle High German erran",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "arāre"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin arāre",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "airim",
        "3": "",
        "4": "I plough"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Irish airim (“I plough”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "ἀρόω",
        "3": "",
        "4": "I plough"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek ἀρόω (aróō, “I plough”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "hy",
        "2": "արաւր",
        "3": "",
        "4": "a plough"
      },
      "expansion": "Armenian արաւր (arawr, “a plough”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "xto",
        "2": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Tocharian A",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "txb",
        "2": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Tocharian B",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "xto",
        "2": "āre",
        "3": "",
        "4": "a plough"
      },
      "expansion": "āre (“a plough”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cs",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*h₂erh₃-",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to plough"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂erh₃- (“to plough”)",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Derived from Czech verb orat (“to plough”), which is derived from Proto-Slavic *orati, + -ba. This is related to Lithuanian árti, Gothic 𐌰𐍂𐌾𐌰𐌽 (arjan), Middle High German erran, Latin arāre (all of them meaning \"to plough\"), Old Irish airim (“I plough”), Ancient Greek ἀρόω (aróō, “I plough”), Armenian արաւր (arawr, “a plough”), and Tocharian A and Tocharian B āre (“a plough”). All of these come from Proto-Indo-European *h₂erh₃- (“to plough”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cs-ndecl",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "orba",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "orby",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "orby",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "oreb",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "orbě",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "orbám",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "orbu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "orby",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "orbo",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "orby",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "orbě",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "orbách",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "orbou",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "orbami",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "f"
      },
      "expansion": "orba f",
      "name": "cs-noun"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "or‧ba"
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "f"
      },
      "name": "cs-ndecl"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Czech",
  "lang_code": "cs",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Czech entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Czech nouns with reducible stem",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Czech terms suffixed with -ba",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "cs",
          "name": "Agriculture",
          "orig": "cs:Agriculture",
          "parents": [
            "Applied sciences",
            "Sciences",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "Soil cannot be kept fertile only by ploughing, loosening and weed clearance.",
          "ref": "2012, Vilém Kraus, Pěstujeme révu vinnou, Praha: Grada Publishing, page 87",
          "text": "Pouhá orba, kypření a odstraňování plevelů nemohou udržet půdu úrodnou.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "ploughing"
      ],
      "id": "en-orba-cs-noun-ZOwF2MKx",
      "links": [
        [
          "ploughing",
          "ploughing"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "wikipedia": [
        "cs:Český etymologický slovník"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈorba]"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-orba"
    }
  ],
  "word": "orba"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
      "name": "nonlemma"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "it",
        "2": "adjective form"
      },
      "expansion": "orba",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "òr‧ba"
  ],
  "lang": "Italian",
  "lang_code": "it",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "form_of": [
        {
          "word": "orbo"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "feminine singular of orbo"
      ],
      "id": "en-orba-it-adj-b4smc-tH",
      "links": [
        [
          "orbo",
          "orbo#Italian"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "form-of",
        "singular"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈɔr.ba/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɔrba"
    }
  ],
  "word": "orba"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
      "name": "nonlemma"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "it",
        "2": "verb form"
      },
      "expansion": "orba",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "òr‧ba"
  ],
  "lang": "Italian",
  "lang_code": "it",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "5 64 30",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Italian entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "form_of": [
        {
          "word": "orbare"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "inflection of orbare:\n## third-person singular present indicative\n## second-person singular imperative",
        "third-person singular present indicative"
      ],
      "id": "en-orba-it-verb-2xXMJV-p",
      "links": [
        [
          "orbare",
          "orbare#Italian"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "inflection of orbare:\n"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "form-of",
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form_of": [
        {
          "word": "orbare"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "inflection of orbare:\n## third-person singular present indicative\n## second-person singular imperative",
        "second-person singular imperative"
      ],
      "id": "en-orba-it-verb-I-rRIc1R",
      "links": [
        [
          "orbare",
          "orbare#Italian"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "inflection of orbare:\n"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "form-of",
        "imperative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈɔr.ba/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɔrba"
    }
  ],
  "word": "orba"
}

{
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "adjective form"
      },
      "expansion": "orba",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Latin",
  "lang_code": "la",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "31 30 38",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "inflection of orbus:",
        "nominative/vocative feminine singular"
      ],
      "id": "en-orba-la-adj-DovflQhh",
      "links": [
        [
          "orbus",
          "orbus#Latin"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "form-of",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "31 30 38",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "inflection of orbus:",
        "nominative/accusative/nominative neuter plural"
      ],
      "id": "en-orba-la-adj-EnpNz0IT",
      "links": [
        [
          "orbus",
          "orbus#Latin"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "form-of",
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "orba"
}

{
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "orbā",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "adjective form",
        "head": "orbā"
      },
      "expansion": "orbā",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Latin",
  "lang_code": "la",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "31 30 38",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "form_of": [
        {
          "word": "orbus"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "ablative feminine singular of orbus"
      ],
      "id": "en-orba-la-adj-PGc7~UPA",
      "links": [
        [
          "orbus",
          "orbus#Latin"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "feminine",
        "form-of",
        "singular"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "orba"
}

{
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "scn",
        "2": "adjective form"
      },
      "expansion": "orba",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Sicilian",
  "lang_code": "scn",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Sicilian entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "form_of": [
        {
          "word": "orbu"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "feminine singular of orbu"
      ],
      "id": "en-orba-scn-adj-7yw05vux",
      "links": [
        [
          "orbu",
          "orbu#Sicilian"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "form-of",
        "singular"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "orba"
}

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "East Slavic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "orv",
            "2": "роба"
          },
          "expansion": "Old East Slavic: роба (roba)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old East Slavic: роба (roba)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "zle-ort",
            "2": "роба",
            "alt": "ро́ба"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Ruthenian: ро́ба (róba)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Ruthenian: ро́ба (róba)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "be",
            "2": "ро́ба"
          },
          "expansion": "Belarusian: ро́ба (róba)",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "obsolete"
          },
          "expansion": "(obsolete)",
          "name": "q"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Belarusian: ро́ба (róba) (obsolete)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "uk",
            "2": "ро́ба",
            "t": "a hardworking woman"
          },
          "expansion": "Ukrainian: ро́ба (róba, “a hardworking woman”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Ukrainian: ро́ба (róba, “a hardworking woman”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "zle-ono",
            "2": "роба"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Novgorodian: роба (roba)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Novgorodian: роба (roba)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "South Slavic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cu",
            "2": "-"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Church Slavonic:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Church Slavonic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cu",
            "2": "раба",
            "sclb": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Cyrillic script: раба (raba)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Cyrillic script: раба (raba)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cu",
            "2": "ⱃⰰⰱⰰ",
            "sclb": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "Glagolitic script: ⱃⰰⰱⰰ (raba)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Glagolitic script: ⱃⰰⰱⰰ (raba)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "West Slavic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cs",
            "2": "roba",
            "qq": "dialectal",
            "t": "wife"
          },
          "expansion": "Czech: roba (“wife”) (dialectal)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Czech: roba (“wife”) (dialectal)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "zlw-opl",
            "2": "roba",
            "t": "female servant or slave, wife, disorderly woman, sow"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Polish: roba (“female servant or slave, wife, disorderly woman, sow”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Polish: roba (“female servant or slave, wife, disorderly woman, sow”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pl",
            "2": "roba",
            "qq": "dialectal or obsolete"
          },
          "expansion": "Polish: roba (dialectal or obsolete)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Polish: roba (dialectal or obsolete)"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Slavic",
  "lang_code": "sla-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/orba",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Undetermined quotations with omitted translation",
          "parents": [
            "Quotations with omitted translation",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "form_of": [
        {
          "extra": "female servant, female slave",
          "word": "orbъ"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "feminine of *orbъ: female servant, female slave"
      ],
      "id": "en-orba-sla-pro-noun-sGZt-fZz",
      "links": [
        [
          "*orbъ",
          "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/orbъ"
        ],
        [
          "servant",
          "servant"
        ],
        [
          "slave",
          "slave"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "form-of",
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "orba"
}
{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cs",
        "2": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Czech",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cs",
        "2": "orat",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to plough"
      },
      "expansion": "orat (“to plough”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cs",
        "2": "sla-pro",
        "3": "*orati"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *orati",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cs",
        "2": "",
        "3": "-ba"
      },
      "expansion": "+ -ba",
      "name": "suffix"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "árti"
      },
      "expansion": "Lithuanian árti",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "got",
        "2": "𐌰𐍂𐌾𐌰𐌽"
      },
      "expansion": "Gothic 𐌰𐍂𐌾𐌰𐌽 (arjan)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gmh",
        "2": "erran"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle High German erran",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "arāre"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin arāre",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "airim",
        "3": "",
        "4": "I plough"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Irish airim (“I plough”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "ἀρόω",
        "3": "",
        "4": "I plough"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek ἀρόω (aróō, “I plough”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "hy",
        "2": "արաւր",
        "3": "",
        "4": "a plough"
      },
      "expansion": "Armenian արաւր (arawr, “a plough”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "xto",
        "2": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Tocharian A",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "txb",
        "2": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Tocharian B",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "xto",
        "2": "āre",
        "3": "",
        "4": "a plough"
      },
      "expansion": "āre (“a plough”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cs",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*h₂erh₃-",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to plough"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂erh₃- (“to plough”)",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Derived from Czech verb orat (“to plough”), which is derived from Proto-Slavic *orati, + -ba. This is related to Lithuanian árti, Gothic 𐌰𐍂𐌾𐌰𐌽 (arjan), Middle High German erran, Latin arāre (all of them meaning \"to plough\"), Old Irish airim (“I plough”), Ancient Greek ἀρόω (aróō, “I plough”), Armenian արաւր (arawr, “a plough”), and Tocharian A and Tocharian B āre (“a plough”). All of these come from Proto-Indo-European *h₂erh₃- (“to plough”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cs-ndecl",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "orba",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "orby",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "orby",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "oreb",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "orbě",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "orbám",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "orbu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "orby",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "orbo",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "orby",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "orbě",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "orbách",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "orbou",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "orbami",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "f"
      },
      "expansion": "orba f",
      "name": "cs-noun"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "or‧ba"
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "f"
      },
      "name": "cs-ndecl"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Czech",
  "lang_code": "cs",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Czech entries with incorrect language header",
        "Czech feminine nouns",
        "Czech hard feminine nouns",
        "Czech lemmas",
        "Czech nouns",
        "Czech nouns with reducible stem",
        "Czech terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
        "Czech terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
        "Czech terms suffixed with -ba",
        "Czech terms with IPA pronunciation",
        "Czech terms with quotations",
        "Rhymes:Czech/orba",
        "Rhymes:Czech/orba/2 syllables",
        "cs:Agriculture"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "Soil cannot be kept fertile only by ploughing, loosening and weed clearance.",
          "ref": "2012, Vilém Kraus, Pěstujeme révu vinnou, Praha: Grada Publishing, page 87",
          "text": "Pouhá orba, kypření a odstraňování plevelů nemohou udržet půdu úrodnou.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "ploughing"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "ploughing",
          "ploughing"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "wikipedia": [
        "cs:Český etymologický slovník"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈorba]"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-orba"
    }
  ],
  "word": "orba"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Italian 2-syllable words",
    "Italian adjective forms",
    "Italian entries with incorrect language header",
    "Italian non-lemma forms",
    "Italian terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Italian verb forms",
    "Rhymes:Italian/ɔrba",
    "Rhymes:Italian/ɔrba/2 syllables"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
      "name": "nonlemma"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "it",
        "2": "adjective form"
      },
      "expansion": "orba",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "òr‧ba"
  ],
  "lang": "Italian",
  "lang_code": "it",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "form_of": [
        {
          "word": "orbo"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "feminine singular of orbo"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "orbo",
          "orbo#Italian"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "form-of",
        "singular"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈɔr.ba/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɔrba"
    }
  ],
  "word": "orba"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Italian 2-syllable words",
    "Italian entries with incorrect language header",
    "Italian non-lemma forms",
    "Italian terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Italian verb forms",
    "Rhymes:Italian/ɔrba",
    "Rhymes:Italian/ɔrba/2 syllables"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
      "name": "nonlemma"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "it",
        "2": "verb form"
      },
      "expansion": "orba",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "òr‧ba"
  ],
  "lang": "Italian",
  "lang_code": "it",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "form_of": [
        {
          "word": "orbare"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "inflection of orbare:\n## third-person singular present indicative\n## second-person singular imperative",
        "third-person singular present indicative"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "orbare",
          "orbare#Italian"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "inflection of orbare:\n"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "form-of",
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form_of": [
        {
          "word": "orbare"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "inflection of orbare:\n## third-person singular present indicative\n## second-person singular imperative",
        "second-person singular imperative"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "orbare",
          "orbare#Italian"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "inflection of orbare:\n"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "form-of",
        "imperative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈɔr.ba/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɔrba"
    }
  ],
  "word": "orba"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Latin adjective forms",
    "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
    "Latin non-lemma forms"
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "adjective form"
      },
      "expansion": "orba",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Latin",
  "lang_code": "la",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "inflection of orbus:",
        "nominative/vocative feminine singular"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "orbus",
          "orbus#Latin"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "form-of",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "inflection of orbus:",
        "nominative/accusative/nominative neuter plural"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "orbus",
          "orbus#Latin"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "form-of",
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "orba"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Latin adjective forms",
    "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
    "Latin non-lemma forms"
  ],
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "orbā",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "adjective form",
        "head": "orbā"
      },
      "expansion": "orbā",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Latin",
  "lang_code": "la",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "form_of": [
        {
          "word": "orbus"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "ablative feminine singular of orbus"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "orbus",
          "orbus#Latin"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "feminine",
        "form-of",
        "singular"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "orba"
}

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "East Slavic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "orv",
            "2": "роба"
          },
          "expansion": "Old East Slavic: роба (roba)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old East Slavic: роба (roba)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "zle-ort",
            "2": "роба",
            "alt": "ро́ба"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Ruthenian: ро́ба (róba)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Ruthenian: ро́ба (róba)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "be",
            "2": "ро́ба"
          },
          "expansion": "Belarusian: ро́ба (róba)",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "obsolete"
          },
          "expansion": "(obsolete)",
          "name": "q"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Belarusian: ро́ба (róba) (obsolete)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "uk",
            "2": "ро́ба",
            "t": "a hardworking woman"
          },
          "expansion": "Ukrainian: ро́ба (róba, “a hardworking woman”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Ukrainian: ро́ба (róba, “a hardworking woman”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "zle-ono",
            "2": "роба"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Novgorodian: роба (roba)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Novgorodian: роба (roba)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "South Slavic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cu",
            "2": "-"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Church Slavonic:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Church Slavonic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cu",
            "2": "раба",
            "sclb": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Cyrillic script: раба (raba)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Cyrillic script: раба (raba)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cu",
            "2": "ⱃⰰⰱⰰ",
            "sclb": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "Glagolitic script: ⱃⰰⰱⰰ (raba)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Glagolitic script: ⱃⰰⰱⰰ (raba)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "West Slavic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cs",
            "2": "roba",
            "qq": "dialectal",
            "t": "wife"
          },
          "expansion": "Czech: roba (“wife”) (dialectal)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Czech: roba (“wife”) (dialectal)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "zlw-opl",
            "2": "roba",
            "t": "female servant or slave, wife, disorderly woman, sow"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Polish: roba (“female servant or slave, wife, disorderly woman, sow”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Polish: roba (“female servant or slave, wife, disorderly woman, sow”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pl",
            "2": "roba",
            "qq": "dialectal or obsolete"
          },
          "expansion": "Polish: roba (dialectal or obsolete)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Polish: roba (dialectal or obsolete)"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Slavic",
  "lang_code": "sla-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/orba",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
        "Proto-Slavic feminine nouns",
        "Proto-Slavic lemmas",
        "Proto-Slavic nouns",
        "Proto-Slavic terms with redundant head parameter",
        "Undetermined quotations with omitted translation",
        "Undetermined terms with quotations",
        "sla-pro:Female people"
      ],
      "form_of": [
        {
          "extra": "female servant, female slave",
          "word": "orbъ"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "feminine of *orbъ: female servant, female slave"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "*orbъ",
          "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/orbъ"
        ],
        [
          "servant",
          "servant"
        ],
        [
          "slave",
          "slave"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "form-of",
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "orba"
}

{
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "scn",
        "2": "adjective form"
      },
      "expansion": "orba",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Sicilian",
  "lang_code": "scn",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Sicilian adjective forms",
        "Sicilian entries with incorrect language header",
        "Sicilian non-lemma forms"
      ],
      "form_of": [
        {
          "word": "orbu"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "feminine singular of orbu"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "orbu",
          "orbu#Sicilian"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "form-of",
        "singular"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "orba"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-12 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (ae36afe and 304864d). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.