See maternal on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for maternal meaning in All languages combined (48.5kB)
{
"coordinate_terms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"english": "relating to an uncle",
"word": "avuncular"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"english": "relating to a daughter or son",
"word": "filial"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"english": "relating to a brother",
"word": "fraternal"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"english": "relating to a husband",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "marital"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "materteral"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"english": "relating to an aunt",
"word": "materterine"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"english": "relating to a nephew",
"word": "nepotal"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"english": "relating to a parent",
"word": "parental"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"english": "relating to a sister",
"word": "sororal"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"english": "relating to a wife",
"word": "uxorial"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "allomaternal"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "antimaternal"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "bimaternal"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "direct maternal death"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "fetomaternal"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "feto-maternal"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "foetomaternal"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "grandmaternal"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "indirect maternal death"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "maternal aunt"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "maternal cousin"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "maternal custody"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "maternal death"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "maternal grandchild"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "maternal grandfather"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "maternal grandmother"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "maternal half aunt"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "maternal half-uncle"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "maternal impression"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "maternalisation"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "maternalism"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "maternalist"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "maternalistic"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "maternalization"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "maternalize"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "maternally"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "maternalness"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "maternal orpha"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "maternal uncle"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "nonmaternal"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "prematernal"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "transmaternal"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "ultramaternal"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "unmaternal"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*méh₂tēr"
},
"expansion": "*méh₂tēr",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "méh₂tēr"
},
"expansion": "PIE word\n *méh₂tēr",
"name": "PIE word"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "adjective",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "maternal"
},
"expansion": "Middle English maternal",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "maternall"
},
"expansion": "maternall",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "frm",
"3": "maternel",
"t": "maternal"
},
"expansion": "Middle French maternel (“maternal”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "maternel",
"t": "maternal; native"
},
"expansion": "French maternel (“maternal; native”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "etymon"
},
"expansion": "etymon",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "LL.",
"3": "māternālis",
"t": "maternal"
},
"expansion": "Late Latin māternālis (“maternal”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "māternus",
"t": "maternal; related to the mother or her side of the family"
},
"expansion": "Latin māternus (“maternal; related to the mother or her side of the family”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "adjective",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "noun"
},
"expansion": "noun",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "-ālis",
"pos": "suffix forming adjectives of relationship from nouns"
},
"expansion": "-ālis (suffix forming adjectives of relationship from nouns)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "māter",
"t": "mother"
},
"expansion": "māter (“mother”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*méh₂tēr",
"t": "mother"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *méh₂tēr (“mother”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "-rnus",
"pos": "suffix forming adjectives"
},
"expansion": "-rnus (suffix forming adjectives)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "maternale"
},
"expansion": "Italian maternale",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "materno"
},
"expansion": "materno",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "maternal"
},
"expansion": "Portuguese maternal",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "materno"
},
"expansion": "materno",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "maternal"
},
"expansion": "Spanish maternal",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "materno"
},
"expansion": "materno",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "noun"
},
"expansion": "noun",
"name": "glossary"
}
],
"etymology_text": "PIE word\n *méh₂tēr\nThe adjective is derived from Late Middle English maternal, maternall, from Middle French maternel (“maternal”) (modern French maternel (“maternal; native”)), or from its etymon Late Latin māternālis (“maternal”), from Latin māternus (“maternal; related to the mother or her side of the family”) + -ālis (suffix forming adjectives of relationship from nouns). Māternus is derived from māter (“mother”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *méh₂tēr (“mother”)) + -rnus (suffix forming adjectives). The English word is cognate with Italian maternale, materno, Portuguese maternal, materno, Spanish maternal, materno.\nThe noun is derived from the adjective.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "more maternal",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "most maternal",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "maternal (comparative more maternal, superlative most maternal)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"ma‧tern‧al"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "maternity"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "fatherly"
},
{
"word": "paternal"
}
],
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "His weakness seemed to bring out her maternal instincts.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1650, Edward Leigh, “To the Reverend, Pious, and Learned Assembly of Divines, Convened at Westminster: And to All Such as are Studious of Knowledge in the Originall Text of the New Testament. [The Epistle Dedicatory]”, in Critica Sacra in Two Parts: The First Containing Observations on All the Radices, or Primitive Hebrevv Words of the Old Testament, in Order Alphabetical. […] The Second Philologicall and Theologicall Observations upon All the Greek Words of the New Testament, in Order Alphabetical. […], 3rd edition, London: Printed by Abraham Miller and Roger Daniel for Thomas Underhill […], →OCLC",
"text": "However, the Hebrew (I ſay) is the moſt antient and maternall Language; for Adam uſed it, and all men before the Flood, as is manifeſt from the Scripture, and Fathers.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1797, [George Chalmers], “§ II. Queen Elizabeth; and Her Letter”, in An Apology for the Believers in the Shakespeare-papers, which were Exhibited in Norfolk-Street, London: Printed for Thomas Egerton, […], →OCLC, pages 106–107",
"text": "If a dictionary be a ſelection, rather than a collection, of the words in our maternall Englyſhe; a dictionary cannot afford a deciſive proof of the non-exiſtence of a word, in ſome other book, which the lexicographer may have never read.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1799 April 15, “P. M.”, “[Untitled letter to the editor]”, in Sylvanus Urban [pseudonym; Edward Cave], editor, The Gentleman’s Magazine, and Historical Chronicle, volume LXIX, part I, number IV, London: Printed by John Nichols, […]; [a]nd sold by Elizabeth Newbery, […], published April 1799, →OCLC, page 267",
"text": "The little blooming foundling was ſoon ordered to be produced before her, which brought the ſympathy of the mother to her eye, and to her heart. The infant had once, at leaſt, a maternal embrace; [...]. With a truly maternal care the child was placed with wife of one of the domeſticks of the Princeſs, provided with plain neceſſaries, and watched with the eye of humanity and tenderneſs.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1816 July, Hamilton Sydney Beresford, “Mahomet”, in Cambridge Prize Poems: Being a Complete Collection of the English Poems which have Obtained the Chancellor’s Gold Medal in the University of Cambridge, London: Printed for T. and J. Allman, […]; and sold by Baldwin, Cradock and Joy, […]; J. Deighton and Sons, […]; and J. Parker, […], published 1818, →OCLC, page 81, lines 79–82",
"text": "Thus lonely left, no soft maternal breast / His murmurs soothed, or cradled him to rest; / Moist with delight, no maternal eye / Watched his weak limbs their early efforts try, [...]",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1972, Elaine Noirot, “The Onset of Maternal Behavior in Rats, Hamsters, and Mice: A Selective Review”, in Daniel S. Lehrman, Robert A[ubrey] Hinde, Evelyn Shaw, editors, Advances in the Study of Behavior, volume 4, New York, N.Y., London: Academic Press, section II (Sensitization or Priming), page 108",
"text": "Naïve parturient females [i.e., those that have never encountered young animals except for their own litter-mates], unlike most other naïve animals, display immediate maternal behavior as soon as they give birth, except for some rare infanticidal or indifferent mothers. […] This difference between the behavior of naïve mothers and naïve animals other than mothers suggests that gestation and parturition favor a very rapid establishment of maternal behavior.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1992, Barbara Luke, “Influence of Maternal Smoking on the Course and Outcome of Pregnancy”, in Louis Keith, editor, Principles and Practice of Maternal Nutrition, Carnforth, Lancashire, Park Ridge, N.J.: Parthenon Publishing Group, page 65",
"text": "Maternal smoking during pregnancy is one of the modifiable environmental factors that adversely affects the unborn child. [...] Many studies support the view that maternal smoking retards fetal growth: infants of smokers tend to be 150–325 g lighter at birth than those born to non-smokers.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1998, C. Horlow, C. Raquin, “A Critical Analysis of Existing Haploidization Techniques”, in Y[ves] Chupeau, M[ichel] Caboche, Y[ves] Henry, editors, Androgenesis and Haploid Plants: […] In Memory of Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag, page 14",
"text": "In potato, crosses between the tetraploid cultivated species Solanum tuberosum, and some clones of the diploid wild-type species S. phureja, constitute a method of producing maternal dihaploids.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2004, Daphne de Marneffe, “The ‘Problem’ of Maternal Desire”, in Maternal Desire: On Children, Love, and the Inner Life, New York, N.Y., Boston, Mass.: Little, Brown and Company",
"text": "Maternal desire is at once obvious and invisible partly because it is so easily confused with other things. Those fighting for women's progress too often misconstrue it as a throwback or excuse, a self-curtailment of potential. Those who champion women's maternal role too often define it narrowly in the context of service—to one's child, husband, or God.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Of or pertaining to a mother; having the characteristics of a mother; motherly."
],
"id": "en-maternal-en-adj-0X3QMUWQ",
"links": [
[
"mother",
"mother#Noun"
],
[
"characteristics",
"characteristic#Noun"
],
[
"motherly",
"motherly"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "88 7 5",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ʔummiyy",
"sense": "of or pertaining to a mother",
"word": "أُمِّيّ"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 7 5",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ʔumūmiyy",
"sense": "of or pertaining to a mother",
"word": "أُمُومِيّ"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 7 5",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "mayrakan",
"sense": "of or pertaining to a mother",
"word": "մայրական"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 7 5",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "macjarýnski",
"sense": "of or pertaining to a mother",
"word": "мацяры́нскі"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 7 5",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "mátčynski",
"sense": "of or pertaining to a mother",
"word": "ма́тчынскі"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 7 5",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "májčinski",
"sense": "of or pertaining to a mother",
"word": "ма́йчински"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 7 5",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "májčin",
"sense": "of or pertaining to a mother",
"word": "ма́йчин"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 7 5",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "of or pertaining to a mother",
"word": "maternal"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 7 5",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "of or pertaining to a mother",
"word": "母親的"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 7 5",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "mǔqīn de",
"sense": "of or pertaining to a mother",
"word": "母亲的"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 7 5",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "of or pertaining to a mother",
"word": "mateřský"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 7 5",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "of or pertaining to a mother",
"word": "moederlijk"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 7 5",
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "of or pertaining to a mother",
"word": "emalik"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 7 5",
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "of or pertaining to a mother",
"word": "emapoolne"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 7 5",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "of or pertaining to a mother",
"word": "äidillinen"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 7 5",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "of or pertaining to a mother",
"word": "maternel"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 7 5",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "of or pertaining to a mother",
"word": "maternal"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 7 5",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "of or pertaining to a mother",
"word": "materno"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 7 5",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "of or pertaining to a mother",
"word": "mütterlich"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 7 5",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "mitrikós",
"sense": "of or pertaining to a mother",
"word": "μητρικός"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 7 5",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "imahi",
"sense": "of or pertaining to a mother",
"word": "אִמָּהִי"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 7 5",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "of or pertaining to a mother",
"word": "anyai"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 7 5",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "of or pertaining to a mother",
"word": "materno"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 7 5",
"alt": "ぼせい",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "bosei",
"sense": "of or pertaining to a mother",
"word": "母性"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 7 5",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "of or pertaining to a mother",
"word": "māternālis"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 7 5",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "of or pertaining to a mother",
"word": "māternus"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 7 5",
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "of or pertaining to a mother",
"word": "motiniškas"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 7 5",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "majčinski",
"sense": "of or pertaining to a mother",
"word": "мајчински"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 7 5",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "mâdarâne",
"sense": "of or pertaining to a mother",
"word": "مادرانه"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 7 5",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "of or pertaining to a mother",
"word": "macierzyński"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 7 5",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "of or pertaining to a mother",
"word": "matczyny"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 7 5",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "of or pertaining to a mother",
"word": "maternal"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 7 5",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "of or pertaining to a mother",
"word": "matern"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 7 5",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "materínskij",
"sense": "of or pertaining to a mother",
"word": "матери́нский"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 7 5",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "of or pertaining to a mother",
"word": "màthaireil"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 7 5",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "of or pertaining to a mother",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "ма̀те̄ри́њӣ"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 7 5",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "of or pertaining to a mother",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "ма̏терӣнскӣ"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 7 5",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "of or pertaining to a mother",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"masculine"
],
"word": "màtērinjī"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 7 5",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "of or pertaining to a mother",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"masculine"
],
"word": "mȁterīnskī"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 7 5",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "of or pertaining to a mother",
"word": "materský"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 7 5",
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "of or pertaining to a mother",
"word": "materinski"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 7 5",
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "of or pertaining to a mother",
"word": "materin"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 7 5",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "of or pertaining to a mother",
"word": "maternal"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 7 5",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "of or pertaining to a mother",
"word": "materno"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 7 5",
"code": "tg",
"lang": "Tajik",
"roman": "modarona",
"sense": "of or pertaining to a mother",
"word": "модарона"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 7 5",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "materýnsʹkyj",
"sense": "of or pertaining to a mother",
"word": "матери́нський"
},
{
"_dis1": "88 7 5",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "máternij",
"sense": "of or pertaining to a mother",
"word": "ма́терній"
}
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "paternal"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 40 17 0 42",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Family",
"orig": "en:Family",
"parents": [
"People",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Toby is my maternal uncle.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1808 April, “Biography. Sketch of Rev. Dr. MacWhorter.”, in The Panoplist; or, The Christian’s Armory, volume III, number 11 (number 35 overall), Boston, Mass.: Printed by Lincoln & Edmands, […]; [s]old by Caleb Bingham, […], →OCLC, page 481, column 1",
"text": "Doctor [Alexander] MacWhorter was of Scotch extraction. His maternal ancestors were among the first emigrants from Scotland to the North of Ireland; and the family of his father removed to the same country about the time of his father's birth.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1895, Frederick Pollock, Frederic William Maitland, “Inheritance”, in The History of English Law before the Time of Edward I, volume II, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire: At the University Press; Boston, Mass.: Little, Brown, & Company, →OCLC, § 1 (Antiquities), page 239",
"text": "It was so in the England of Alfred's day; the maternal kinsfolk paid a third of the wer [i.e., the wergeld]. The Leges Henrici, which about such a matter will not be inventing new rules, tell us that the paternal kinsfolk pay and receive two-thirds, the maternal kinsfolk one-third of the wer; and this is borne out by other evidence.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1985, Christiane Klapisch-Zuber, “The Name ‘Remade’”, in Lydia Cochrane, transl., Women, Family and Ritual in Renaissance Italy, paperback edition, Chicago, Ill., London: University of Chicago Press, published 1987, page 298",
"text": "While the attribution to the elder children of the given names of paternal grandparents was generally respected, alternation between paternal and maternal lines was not the rule. The father is more apt to have recourse to relatively distant paternal kin or to his own maternal kin than to his own affines. The paternal given names easily supplant the maternal ones.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Related through the mother, or her side of the family."
],
"id": "en-maternal-en-adj-8H2BsgXi",
"links": [
[
"Related",
"related#Adjective"
],
[
"side",
"side#Noun"
],
[
"family",
"family"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "4 91 6",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "mor koġmicʻ",
"sense": "related through the mother, or her side of the family",
"word": "մոր կողմից"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 91 6",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "mǔxì",
"sense": "related through the mother, or her side of the family",
"word": "母系"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 91 6",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "related through the mother, or her side of the family",
"word": "langs moeders kant"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 91 6",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "related through the mother, or her side of the family",
"word": "äidinpuoleinen"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 91 6",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "related through the mother, or her side of the family",
"word": "maternel"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 91 6",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "related through the mother, or her side of the family",
"word": "mütterlich"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 91 6",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "ek mitrós",
"sense": "related through the mother, or her side of the family",
"word": "εκ μητρός"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 91 6",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "apó tin plevrá tis mitéras",
"sense": "related through the mother, or her side of the family",
"word": "από την πλευρά της μητέρας"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 91 6",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"sense": "related through the mother, or her side of the family",
"word": "אִמָּהִי"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 91 6",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "related through the mother, or her side of the family",
"word": "anyai"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 91 6",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "related through the mother, or her side of the family",
"word": "materno"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 91 6",
"alt": "ぼけいの",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "bokei no",
"sense": "related through the mother, or her side of the family",
"word": "母系の"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 91 6",
"alt": "ははかたの",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "hahakata no",
"sense": "related through the mother, or her side of the family",
"word": "母方の"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 91 6",
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "related through the mother, or her side of the family",
"word": "māternus"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 91 6",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "mâdari",
"sense": "related through the mother, or her side of the family",
"word": "مادری"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 91 6",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "related through the mother, or her side of the family",
"word": "materno"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 91 6",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "related through the mother, or her side of the family",
"word": "matern"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 91 6",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "s materínskoj storoný",
"sense": "related through the mother, or her side of the family",
"word": "с матери́нской стороны́"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 91 6",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "related through the mother, or her side of the family",
"word": "taobh màthar"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 91 6",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "related through the mother, or her side of the family",
"word": "-màthar"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 91 6",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "related through the mother, or her side of the family",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "ма̀те̄ри́њӣ"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 91 6",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "related through the mother, or her side of the family",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"masculine"
],
"word": "màtērinjī"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 91 6",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "related through the mother, or her side of the family",
"word": "maternal"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 91 6",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "related through the mother, or her side of the family",
"word": "materno"
},
{
"_dis1": "4 91 6",
"code": "tg",
"lang": "Tajik",
"roman": "modarī",
"sense": "related through the mother, or her side of the family",
"word": "модарӣ"
}
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "fetal"
},
{
"word": "foetal"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Anatomy",
"orig": "en:Anatomy",
"parents": [
"Biology",
"Medicine",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Medicine",
"orig": "en:Medicine",
"parents": [
"Biology",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "20 6 63 1 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 5 75 1 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 10 59 2 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 11 58 4 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms suffixed with -al",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 8 62 2 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 8 44 3 9 5 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with raw sortkeys",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 40 17 0 42",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Family",
"orig": "en:Family",
"parents": [
"People",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 11 48 18 13",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Female family members",
"orig": "en:Female family members",
"parents": [
"Family members",
"Female people",
"Family",
"Female",
"People",
"Gender",
"Human",
"Biology",
"Psychology",
"Sociology",
"All topics",
"Sciences",
"Social sciences",
"Fundamental",
"Society"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1831 November 17, Robert Lee, “III. On the Structure of the Human Placenta, and Its Connexion with the Uterus.”, in Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, part I, London: Printed by Richard Taylor […], published 1832, →OCLC, page 63",
"text": "The facts which have now been stated warrant, I think, the conclusion, that the human placenta does not consist of two parts, maternal and fœtal, that no cells exist in its substance, and that there is no communication between the uterus and the placenta by large arteries and veins.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1991, Barbara Abrams, “Maternal Undernutrition and Reproductive Performance”, in Frank Falkner, editor, Infant and Child Nutrition Worldwide: Issues and Perspectives, Boca Raton, Fla.: CRC Press, page 33",
"text": "Undernutrition occurs when dietary intake cannot meet nutritional requirements. The synthesis of maternal and fetal tissue or breast milk, and the associated costs of maternal maintenance increase nutrient requirements during pregnancy and lactation.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2009, Ronald J. Wapner, Thomas M. Jenkins, Nahla Khalek, “Prenatal Diagnosis of Congenital Disorders”, in Robert K. Creasy, Robert Resnick, Jay D. Iams, Charles J. Lockwood, Thomas R. Moore, editors, Creasy and Resnicks Maternal–Fetal Medicine: Principles and Practice, 6th edition, Philadelphia, Pa.: Saunders Elsevier, pages 253–254",
"text": "Chorionic villus samples typically contain a mixture of placental villi and maternally derived decidua. Although specimens are thoroughly washed and inspected under a microscope after collection, some maternal cells may remain and grow in the culture. As a result, two cell lines, one fetal and the other maternal, may be identified. In other cases, the maternal cell line may completely overgrow the culture, thereby leading to diagnostic errors, including incorrect sex determination, and potentially to false-negative diagnoses, although there are no published reports of the latter.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2010, Florence L. Marlow, “Dorsal–Ventral Axis Formation before Zygotic Genome Activation in Zebrafish and Frogs”, in Daniel Kessler, editor, Maternal Control of Development in Vertebrates: My Mother Made Me Do It! (Colloquium Series in Developmental Biology), [San Rafael, Calif.]: Morgan & Claypool Life Sciences, →DOI, →ISSN, page 105",
"text": "While the animal–vegetal axis is patterned exclusively by maternal factors, the later developing dorsal–ventral axis depends on formation of the animal–vegetal axis and requires both maternal and zygotic contributions in zebrafish and frogs.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Derived from the mother as opposed to the foetus during pregnancy."
],
"id": "en-maternal-en-adj-X1x3sGNJ",
"links": [
[
"anatomy",
"anatomy"
],
[
"medicine",
"medicine"
],
[
"Derived",
"derive"
],
[
"oppose",
"oppose"
],
[
"foetus",
"foetus"
],
[
"pregnancy",
"pregnancy"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(anatomy, medicine) Derived from the mother as opposed to the foetus during pregnancy."
],
"topics": [
"anatomy",
"medicine",
"sciences"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "3 4 94",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "derived from the mother as opposed to the foetus during pregnancy",
"word": "anyai"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 4 94",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "derived from the mother as opposed to the foetus during pregnancy",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "ма̀те̄рњӣ"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 4 94",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "derived from the mother as opposed to the foetus during pregnancy",
"tags": [
"Roman"
],
"word": "màtērnjī"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/məˈtɜːnəl/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/məˈtɝnəl/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɜː(ɹ)nəl"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-maternal.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/7d/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-maternal.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-maternal.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/7d/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-maternal.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-maternal.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
},
{
"enpr": "mə-tûr'nəl"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "maternall"
}
],
"word": "maternal"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*méh₂tēr"
},
"expansion": "*méh₂tēr",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "méh₂tēr"
},
"expansion": "PIE word\n *méh₂tēr",
"name": "PIE word"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "adjective",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "maternal"
},
"expansion": "Middle English maternal",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "maternall"
},
"expansion": "maternall",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "frm",
"3": "maternel",
"t": "maternal"
},
"expansion": "Middle French maternel (“maternal”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "maternel",
"t": "maternal; native"
},
"expansion": "French maternel (“maternal; native”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "etymon"
},
"expansion": "etymon",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "LL.",
"3": "māternālis",
"t": "maternal"
},
"expansion": "Late Latin māternālis (“maternal”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "māternus",
"t": "maternal; related to the mother or her side of the family"
},
"expansion": "Latin māternus (“maternal; related to the mother or her side of the family”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "adjective",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "noun"
},
"expansion": "noun",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "-ālis",
"pos": "suffix forming adjectives of relationship from nouns"
},
"expansion": "-ālis (suffix forming adjectives of relationship from nouns)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "māter",
"t": "mother"
},
"expansion": "māter (“mother”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*méh₂tēr",
"t": "mother"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *méh₂tēr (“mother”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "-rnus",
"pos": "suffix forming adjectives"
},
"expansion": "-rnus (suffix forming adjectives)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "maternale"
},
"expansion": "Italian maternale",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "materno"
},
"expansion": "materno",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "maternal"
},
"expansion": "Portuguese maternal",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "materno"
},
"expansion": "materno",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "maternal"
},
"expansion": "Spanish maternal",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "materno"
},
"expansion": "materno",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "noun"
},
"expansion": "noun",
"name": "glossary"
}
],
"etymology_text": "PIE word\n *méh₂tēr\nThe adjective is derived from Late Middle English maternal, maternall, from Middle French maternel (“maternal”) (modern French maternel (“maternal; native”)), or from its etymon Late Latin māternālis (“maternal”), from Latin māternus (“maternal; related to the mother or her side of the family”) + -ālis (suffix forming adjectives of relationship from nouns). Māternus is derived from māter (“mother”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *méh₂tēr (“mother”)) + -rnus (suffix forming adjectives). The English word is cognate with Italian maternale, materno, Portuguese maternal, materno, Spanish maternal, materno.\nThe noun is derived from the adjective.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "maternals",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "maternal (plural maternals)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"ma‧tern‧al"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1865 January, “‘Which is the Winner?’ By Charles Clarke, Author of ‘Charlie Thornhill’ [book review]”, in Baily’s Monthly Magazine of Sports and Pastimes, volume IX, number 59, London: A. H. Baily & Co., […], →OCLC, page 146",
"text": "In the necessarily brief space allotted to a review in these pages it would be impossible to sketch out the story at any length. Suffice it that there are two fathers, two sons and two daughters; the maternals, for once, go for little, but there is an Aunt Philly—a conception, that starts out in the intense reality of existence.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1868, Orpheus C. Kerr [pseudonym; Robert Henry Newell], “Letter III”, in Smoked Glass, New York, N.Y.: G[eorge] W. Carleton, publisher; London: S[ampson] Low, Son, & Co., →OCLC, page 53",
"text": "[...] I would especially bring to your attention the manifest propriety of discountenancing any familiarity from your mothers when in society. If obliged to go with your tiresome maternals to any social gathering, you may reclaim your freedom immediately upon entering the room by slipping abstractedly away in the direction of the piano, and from thenceforth being artlessly forgetful of all messages forwarded to you, and miraculously blind to all beckonings and elevation of fans.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1868 March, “[The Editor’s Repository.] Witty and Wise.”, in I[saac] W[illiam] Wiley, editor, The Ladies’ Repository: A Monthly Periodical, Devoted to Literature and Religion, volume XXVII, Cincinnati, Oh.: Poe & Hitchcock; […], →OCLC, page 181, column 2",
"text": "A little girl of this city, who is acknowledged by all to be pretty smart, was holding a very animated conversation with one of about her own years, a few days since. [...] After naming over various meritorious acts of which their maternals were capable, the one in question put an end to the dispute by exclaiming, \"Well, there's one thing my mother can do that yours can't—my mother can take every one of her teeth out at once.\"",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A mother."
],
"id": "en-maternal-en-noun-ciTYQkrM",
"links": [
[
"mother",
"mother#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(dated, informal) A mother."
],
"tags": [
"dated",
"informal",
"rare"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 40 17 0 42",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Family",
"orig": "en:Family",
"parents": [
"People",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1826 January, John Haywood, Judge of the Tennessee Supreme Court, “Jane C. Butler v. James M. King”, in George S. Yerger, William Frierson Cooper, editors, Tennessee Reports. Reports of Cases Argued and Determined in the Supreme Court of Tennessee, new edition, volume II, St. Louis, Mo.: G. I. Jones and Company, published 1876, →OCLC, page 109",
"text": "Divide what? The estate that came from the father to the son. Amongst whom? The paternal brothers. If it means, that paternals and maternals shall now divide, as paternals formerly did, the whole sentence operates nothing; for without, the half blood on both sides, would have taken. But say it establishes a well-known standard to divide by, and that this standard excludes the maternals, then every word, as well as this word \"only,\" has a material effect and energy.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1869, Neil B[enjamin] E[dmonstone] Baillie, “Of Inheritance by ‘Nusub’ or Consanguinity”, in A Digest of Moohummudan Law on the Subjects to which It is Usually Applied by British Courts of Justice in India. Compiled and Translated from Authorities in the Original Arabic, part 2nd (Containing the Doctrine of the Imameea Code of Jurisprudence […]), London: Smith Elder and Co., […], →OCLC, page 286",
"text": "If there are both paternal and maternal uncles and aunts, the maternals take a third, even if there is only one of them, and whether male or female, and the paternals two-thirds, even though there is only one of them, and whether male or female. If the maternals are of one kind, a male has the portion of two females.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A person related through the mother, or her side of the family; a maternal relative."
],
"id": "en-maternal-en-noun-gPDJpZoV",
"links": [
[
"person",
"person"
],
[
"related",
"related#Adjective"
],
[
"side",
"side#Noun"
],
[
"family",
"family"
],
[
"relative",
"relative#Noun"
]
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
}
],
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"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/məˈtɝnəl/",
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},
{
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},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-maternal.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/7d/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-maternal.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-maternal.wav.mp3",
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"tags": [
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],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
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{
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],
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"masculine",
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],
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},
{
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{
"ipa": "/ma.teɾˈnaw/",
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},
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{
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},
{
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]
},
{
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{
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{
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{
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],
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{
"ipa": "[ma.teʁˈnaʊ̯]",
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"ipa": "/ma.teɻˈnaw/",
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{
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"Southern-Brazil"
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},
{
"ipa": "/mɐ.tɨɾˈnal/",
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},
{
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},
{
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},
{
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{
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{
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"singular"
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},
{
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},
{
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},
{
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{
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{
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},
{
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},
{
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},
{
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"singular"
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},
{
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"definite",
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"plural"
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},
{
"form": "maternalelor",
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"definite",
"feminine",
"genitive",
"neuter",
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}
],
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}
],
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],
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],
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],
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"word": "paternal"
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],
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"word": "materno"
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],
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"masculine"
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}
],
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{
"ipa": "[ma.t̪eɾˈnal]"
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{
"rhymes": "-al"
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{
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"word": "paternal"
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],
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{
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"Catalan entries with incorrect language header",
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"Catalan lemmas",
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],
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[
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"matern#Catalan"
]
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{
"tags": [
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"synonym-of"
],
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],
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"masculine"
]
}
],
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"Central"
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{
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],
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"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English rare terms",
"English terms derived from Late Latin",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Middle French",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
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"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
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"Requests for review of Hebrew translations",
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"en:Female family members"
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{
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{
"english": "relating to a brother",
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},
{
"english": "relating to a husband",
"tags": [
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],
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},
{
"word": "materteral"
},
{
"english": "relating to an aunt",
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{
"english": "relating to a nephew",
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{
"english": "relating to a parent",
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{
"english": "relating to a sister",
"word": "sororal"
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{
"english": "relating to a wife",
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}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "allomaternal"
},
{
"word": "antimaternal"
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{
"word": "bimaternal"
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{
"word": "direct maternal death"
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{
"word": "fetomaternal"
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{
"word": "feto-maternal"
},
{
"word": "foetomaternal"
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{
"word": "grandmaternal"
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{
"word": "indirect maternal death"
},
{
"word": "maternal aunt"
},
{
"word": "maternal cousin"
},
{
"word": "maternal custody"
},
{
"word": "maternal death"
},
{
"word": "maternal grandchild"
},
{
"word": "maternal grandfather"
},
{
"word": "maternal grandmother"
},
{
"word": "maternal half aunt"
},
{
"word": "maternal half-uncle"
},
{
"word": "maternal impression"
},
{
"word": "maternalisation"
},
{
"word": "maternalism"
},
{
"word": "maternalist"
},
{
"word": "maternalistic"
},
{
"word": "maternalization"
},
{
"word": "maternalize"
},
{
"word": "maternally"
},
{
"word": "maternalness"
},
{
"word": "maternal orpha"
},
{
"word": "maternal uncle"
},
{
"word": "nonmaternal"
},
{
"word": "prematernal"
},
{
"word": "transmaternal"
},
{
"word": "ultramaternal"
},
{
"word": "unmaternal"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
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},
{
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{
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"1": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "adjective",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "maternal"
},
"expansion": "Middle English maternal",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "maternall"
},
"expansion": "maternall",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "frm",
"3": "maternel",
"t": "maternal"
},
"expansion": "Middle French maternel (“maternal”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "maternel",
"t": "maternal; native"
},
"expansion": "French maternel (“maternal; native”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "etymon"
},
"expansion": "etymon",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "LL.",
"3": "māternālis",
"t": "maternal"
},
"expansion": "Late Latin māternālis (“maternal”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "māternus",
"t": "maternal; related to the mother or her side of the family"
},
"expansion": "Latin māternus (“maternal; related to the mother or her side of the family”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "adjective",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "noun"
},
"expansion": "noun",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "-ālis",
"pos": "suffix forming adjectives of relationship from nouns"
},
"expansion": "-ālis (suffix forming adjectives of relationship from nouns)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "māter",
"t": "mother"
},
"expansion": "māter (“mother”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*méh₂tēr",
"t": "mother"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *méh₂tēr (“mother”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "-rnus",
"pos": "suffix forming adjectives"
},
"expansion": "-rnus (suffix forming adjectives)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "maternale"
},
"expansion": "Italian maternale",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "materno"
},
"expansion": "materno",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "maternal"
},
"expansion": "Portuguese maternal",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "materno"
},
"expansion": "materno",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "maternal"
},
"expansion": "Spanish maternal",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "materno"
},
"expansion": "materno",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "noun"
},
"expansion": "noun",
"name": "glossary"
}
],
"etymology_text": "PIE word\n *méh₂tēr\nThe adjective is derived from Late Middle English maternal, maternall, from Middle French maternel (“maternal”) (modern French maternel (“maternal; native”)), or from its etymon Late Latin māternālis (“maternal”), from Latin māternus (“maternal; related to the mother or her side of the family”) + -ālis (suffix forming adjectives of relationship from nouns). Māternus is derived from māter (“mother”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *méh₂tēr (“mother”)) + -rnus (suffix forming adjectives). The English word is cognate with Italian maternale, materno, Portuguese maternal, materno, Spanish maternal, materno.\nThe noun is derived from the adjective.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "more maternal",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "most maternal",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "maternal (comparative more maternal, superlative most maternal)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"ma‧tern‧al"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"word": "maternity"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "fatherly"
},
{
"word": "paternal"
}
],
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "His weakness seemed to bring out her maternal instincts.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1650, Edward Leigh, “To the Reverend, Pious, and Learned Assembly of Divines, Convened at Westminster: And to All Such as are Studious of Knowledge in the Originall Text of the New Testament. [The Epistle Dedicatory]”, in Critica Sacra in Two Parts: The First Containing Observations on All the Radices, or Primitive Hebrevv Words of the Old Testament, in Order Alphabetical. […] The Second Philologicall and Theologicall Observations upon All the Greek Words of the New Testament, in Order Alphabetical. […], 3rd edition, London: Printed by Abraham Miller and Roger Daniel for Thomas Underhill […], →OCLC",
"text": "However, the Hebrew (I ſay) is the moſt antient and maternall Language; for Adam uſed it, and all men before the Flood, as is manifeſt from the Scripture, and Fathers.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1797, [George Chalmers], “§ II. Queen Elizabeth; and Her Letter”, in An Apology for the Believers in the Shakespeare-papers, which were Exhibited in Norfolk-Street, London: Printed for Thomas Egerton, […], →OCLC, pages 106–107",
"text": "If a dictionary be a ſelection, rather than a collection, of the words in our maternall Englyſhe; a dictionary cannot afford a deciſive proof of the non-exiſtence of a word, in ſome other book, which the lexicographer may have never read.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1799 April 15, “P. M.”, “[Untitled letter to the editor]”, in Sylvanus Urban [pseudonym; Edward Cave], editor, The Gentleman’s Magazine, and Historical Chronicle, volume LXIX, part I, number IV, London: Printed by John Nichols, […]; [a]nd sold by Elizabeth Newbery, […], published April 1799, →OCLC, page 267",
"text": "The little blooming foundling was ſoon ordered to be produced before her, which brought the ſympathy of the mother to her eye, and to her heart. The infant had once, at leaſt, a maternal embrace; [...]. With a truly maternal care the child was placed with wife of one of the domeſticks of the Princeſs, provided with plain neceſſaries, and watched with the eye of humanity and tenderneſs.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1816 July, Hamilton Sydney Beresford, “Mahomet”, in Cambridge Prize Poems: Being a Complete Collection of the English Poems which have Obtained the Chancellor’s Gold Medal in the University of Cambridge, London: Printed for T. and J. Allman, […]; and sold by Baldwin, Cradock and Joy, […]; J. Deighton and Sons, […]; and J. Parker, […], published 1818, →OCLC, page 81, lines 79–82",
"text": "Thus lonely left, no soft maternal breast / His murmurs soothed, or cradled him to rest; / Moist with delight, no maternal eye / Watched his weak limbs their early efforts try, [...]",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1972, Elaine Noirot, “The Onset of Maternal Behavior in Rats, Hamsters, and Mice: A Selective Review”, in Daniel S. Lehrman, Robert A[ubrey] Hinde, Evelyn Shaw, editors, Advances in the Study of Behavior, volume 4, New York, N.Y., London: Academic Press, section II (Sensitization or Priming), page 108",
"text": "Naïve parturient females [i.e., those that have never encountered young animals except for their own litter-mates], unlike most other naïve animals, display immediate maternal behavior as soon as they give birth, except for some rare infanticidal or indifferent mothers. […] This difference between the behavior of naïve mothers and naïve animals other than mothers suggests that gestation and parturition favor a very rapid establishment of maternal behavior.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1992, Barbara Luke, “Influence of Maternal Smoking on the Course and Outcome of Pregnancy”, in Louis Keith, editor, Principles and Practice of Maternal Nutrition, Carnforth, Lancashire, Park Ridge, N.J.: Parthenon Publishing Group, page 65",
"text": "Maternal smoking during pregnancy is one of the modifiable environmental factors that adversely affects the unborn child. [...] Many studies support the view that maternal smoking retards fetal growth: infants of smokers tend to be 150–325 g lighter at birth than those born to non-smokers.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1998, C. Horlow, C. Raquin, “A Critical Analysis of Existing Haploidization Techniques”, in Y[ves] Chupeau, M[ichel] Caboche, Y[ves] Henry, editors, Androgenesis and Haploid Plants: […] In Memory of Jean-Pierre Bourgin, Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag, page 14",
"text": "In potato, crosses between the tetraploid cultivated species Solanum tuberosum, and some clones of the diploid wild-type species S. phureja, constitute a method of producing maternal dihaploids.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2004, Daphne de Marneffe, “The ‘Problem’ of Maternal Desire”, in Maternal Desire: On Children, Love, and the Inner Life, New York, N.Y., Boston, Mass.: Little, Brown and Company",
"text": "Maternal desire is at once obvious and invisible partly because it is so easily confused with other things. Those fighting for women's progress too often misconstrue it as a throwback or excuse, a self-curtailment of potential. Those who champion women's maternal role too often define it narrowly in the context of service—to one's child, husband, or God.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Of or pertaining to a mother; having the characteristics of a mother; motherly."
],
"links": [
[
"mother",
"mother#Noun"
],
[
"characteristics",
"characteristic#Noun"
],
[
"motherly",
"motherly"
]
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "paternal"
}
],
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Toby is my maternal uncle.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1808 April, “Biography. Sketch of Rev. Dr. MacWhorter.”, in The Panoplist; or, The Christian’s Armory, volume III, number 11 (number 35 overall), Boston, Mass.: Printed by Lincoln & Edmands, […]; [s]old by Caleb Bingham, […], →OCLC, page 481, column 1",
"text": "Doctor [Alexander] MacWhorter was of Scotch extraction. His maternal ancestors were among the first emigrants from Scotland to the North of Ireland; and the family of his father removed to the same country about the time of his father's birth.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1895, Frederick Pollock, Frederic William Maitland, “Inheritance”, in The History of English Law before the Time of Edward I, volume II, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire: At the University Press; Boston, Mass.: Little, Brown, & Company, →OCLC, § 1 (Antiquities), page 239",
"text": "It was so in the England of Alfred's day; the maternal kinsfolk paid a third of the wer [i.e., the wergeld]. The Leges Henrici, which about such a matter will not be inventing new rules, tell us that the paternal kinsfolk pay and receive two-thirds, the maternal kinsfolk one-third of the wer; and this is borne out by other evidence.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1985, Christiane Klapisch-Zuber, “The Name ‘Remade’”, in Lydia Cochrane, transl., Women, Family and Ritual in Renaissance Italy, paperback edition, Chicago, Ill., London: University of Chicago Press, published 1987, page 298",
"text": "While the attribution to the elder children of the given names of paternal grandparents was generally respected, alternation between paternal and maternal lines was not the rule. The father is more apt to have recourse to relatively distant paternal kin or to his own maternal kin than to his own affines. The paternal given names easily supplant the maternal ones.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Related through the mother, or her side of the family."
],
"links": [
[
"Related",
"related#Adjective"
],
[
"side",
"side#Noun"
],
[
"family",
"family"
]
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "fetal"
},
{
"word": "foetal"
}
],
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"en:Anatomy",
"en:Medicine"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1831 November 17, Robert Lee, “III. On the Structure of the Human Placenta, and Its Connexion with the Uterus.”, in Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, part I, London: Printed by Richard Taylor […], published 1832, →OCLC, page 63",
"text": "The facts which have now been stated warrant, I think, the conclusion, that the human placenta does not consist of two parts, maternal and fœtal, that no cells exist in its substance, and that there is no communication between the uterus and the placenta by large arteries and veins.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1991, Barbara Abrams, “Maternal Undernutrition and Reproductive Performance”, in Frank Falkner, editor, Infant and Child Nutrition Worldwide: Issues and Perspectives, Boca Raton, Fla.: CRC Press, page 33",
"text": "Undernutrition occurs when dietary intake cannot meet nutritional requirements. The synthesis of maternal and fetal tissue or breast milk, and the associated costs of maternal maintenance increase nutrient requirements during pregnancy and lactation.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2009, Ronald J. Wapner, Thomas M. Jenkins, Nahla Khalek, “Prenatal Diagnosis of Congenital Disorders”, in Robert K. Creasy, Robert Resnick, Jay D. Iams, Charles J. Lockwood, Thomas R. Moore, editors, Creasy and Resnicks Maternal–Fetal Medicine: Principles and Practice, 6th edition, Philadelphia, Pa.: Saunders Elsevier, pages 253–254",
"text": "Chorionic villus samples typically contain a mixture of placental villi and maternally derived decidua. Although specimens are thoroughly washed and inspected under a microscope after collection, some maternal cells may remain and grow in the culture. As a result, two cell lines, one fetal and the other maternal, may be identified. In other cases, the maternal cell line may completely overgrow the culture, thereby leading to diagnostic errors, including incorrect sex determination, and potentially to false-negative diagnoses, although there are no published reports of the latter.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2010, Florence L. Marlow, “Dorsal–Ventral Axis Formation before Zygotic Genome Activation in Zebrafish and Frogs”, in Daniel Kessler, editor, Maternal Control of Development in Vertebrates: My Mother Made Me Do It! (Colloquium Series in Developmental Biology), [San Rafael, Calif.]: Morgan & Claypool Life Sciences, →DOI, →ISSN, page 105",
"text": "While the animal–vegetal axis is patterned exclusively by maternal factors, the later developing dorsal–ventral axis depends on formation of the animal–vegetal axis and requires both maternal and zygotic contributions in zebrafish and frogs.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Derived from the mother as opposed to the foetus during pregnancy."
],
"links": [
[
"anatomy",
"anatomy"
],
[
"medicine",
"medicine"
],
[
"Derived",
"derive"
],
[
"oppose",
"oppose"
],
[
"foetus",
"foetus"
],
[
"pregnancy",
"pregnancy"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(anatomy, medicine) Derived from the mother as opposed to the foetus during pregnancy."
],
"topics": [
"anatomy",
"medicine",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/məˈtɜːnəl/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/məˈtɝnəl/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɜː(ɹ)nəl"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-maternal.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/7d/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-maternal.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-maternal.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/7d/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-maternal.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-maternal.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
},
{
"enpr": "mə-tûr'nəl"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "maternall"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ʔummiyy",
"sense": "of or pertaining to a mother",
"word": "أُمِّيّ"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ʔumūmiyy",
"sense": "of or pertaining to a mother",
"word": "أُمُومِيّ"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "mayrakan",
"sense": "of or pertaining to a mother",
"word": "մայրական"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "macjarýnski",
"sense": "of or pertaining to a mother",
"word": "мацяры́нскі"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "mátčynski",
"sense": "of or pertaining to a mother",
"word": "ма́тчынскі"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "májčinski",
"sense": "of or pertaining to a mother",
"word": "ма́йчински"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "májčin",
"sense": "of or pertaining to a mother",
"word": "ма́йчин"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "of or pertaining to a mother",
"word": "maternal"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "of or pertaining to a mother",
"word": "母親的"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "mǔqīn de",
"sense": "of or pertaining to a mother",
"word": "母亲的"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "of or pertaining to a mother",
"word": "mateřský"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "of or pertaining to a mother",
"word": "moederlijk"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "of or pertaining to a mother",
"word": "emalik"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "of or pertaining to a mother",
"word": "emapoolne"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "of or pertaining to a mother",
"word": "äidillinen"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "of or pertaining to a mother",
"word": "maternel"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "of or pertaining to a mother",
"word": "maternal"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "of or pertaining to a mother",
"word": "materno"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "of or pertaining to a mother",
"word": "mütterlich"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "mitrikós",
"sense": "of or pertaining to a mother",
"word": "μητρικός"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "imahi",
"sense": "of or pertaining to a mother",
"word": "אִמָּהִי"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "of or pertaining to a mother",
"word": "anyai"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "of or pertaining to a mother",
"word": "materno"
},
{
"alt": "ぼせい",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "bosei",
"sense": "of or pertaining to a mother",
"word": "母性"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "of or pertaining to a mother",
"word": "māternālis"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "of or pertaining to a mother",
"word": "māternus"
},
{
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "of or pertaining to a mother",
"word": "motiniškas"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "majčinski",
"sense": "of or pertaining to a mother",
"word": "мајчински"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "mâdarâne",
"sense": "of or pertaining to a mother",
"word": "مادرانه"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "of or pertaining to a mother",
"word": "macierzyński"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "of or pertaining to a mother",
"word": "matczyny"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "of or pertaining to a mother",
"word": "maternal"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "of or pertaining to a mother",
"word": "matern"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "materínskij",
"sense": "of or pertaining to a mother",
"word": "матери́нский"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "of or pertaining to a mother",
"word": "màthaireil"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "of or pertaining to a mother",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "ма̀те̄ри́њӣ"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "of or pertaining to a mother",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "ма̏терӣнскӣ"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "of or pertaining to a mother",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"masculine"
],
"word": "màtērinjī"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "of or pertaining to a mother",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"masculine"
],
"word": "mȁterīnskī"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "of or pertaining to a mother",
"word": "materský"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "of or pertaining to a mother",
"word": "materinski"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "of or pertaining to a mother",
"word": "materin"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "of or pertaining to a mother",
"word": "maternal"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "of or pertaining to a mother",
"word": "materno"
},
{
"code": "tg",
"lang": "Tajik",
"roman": "modarona",
"sense": "of or pertaining to a mother",
"word": "модарона"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "materýnsʹkyj",
"sense": "of or pertaining to a mother",
"word": "матери́нський"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "máternij",
"sense": "of or pertaining to a mother",
"word": "ма́терній"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "mor koġmicʻ",
"sense": "related through the mother, or her side of the family",
"word": "մոր կողմից"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "mǔxì",
"sense": "related through the mother, or her side of the family",
"word": "母系"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "related through the mother, or her side of the family",
"word": "langs moeders kant"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "related through the mother, or her side of the family",
"word": "äidinpuoleinen"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "related through the mother, or her side of the family",
"word": "maternel"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "related through the mother, or her side of the family",
"word": "mütterlich"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "ek mitrós",
"sense": "related through the mother, or her side of the family",
"word": "εκ μητρός"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "apó tin plevrá tis mitéras",
"sense": "related through the mother, or her side of the family",
"word": "από την πλευρά της μητέρας"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"sense": "related through the mother, or her side of the family",
"word": "אִמָּהִי"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "related through the mother, or her side of the family",
"word": "anyai"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "related through the mother, or her side of the family",
"word": "materno"
},
{
"alt": "ぼけいの",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "bokei no",
"sense": "related through the mother, or her side of the family",
"word": "母系の"
},
{
"alt": "ははかたの",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "hahakata no",
"sense": "related through the mother, or her side of the family",
"word": "母方の"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "related through the mother, or her side of the family",
"word": "māternus"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "mâdari",
"sense": "related through the mother, or her side of the family",
"word": "مادری"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "related through the mother, or her side of the family",
"word": "materno"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "related through the mother, or her side of the family",
"word": "matern"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "s materínskoj storoný",
"sense": "related through the mother, or her side of the family",
"word": "с матери́нской стороны́"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "related through the mother, or her side of the family",
"word": "taobh màthar"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "related through the mother, or her side of the family",
"word": "-màthar"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "related through the mother, or her side of the family",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "ма̀те̄ри́њӣ"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "related through the mother, or her side of the family",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"masculine"
],
"word": "màtērinjī"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "related through the mother, or her side of the family",
"word": "maternal"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "related through the mother, or her side of the family",
"word": "materno"
},
{
"code": "tg",
"lang": "Tajik",
"roman": "modarī",
"sense": "related through the mother, or her side of the family",
"word": "модарӣ"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "derived from the mother as opposed to the foetus during pregnancy",
"word": "anyai"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "derived from the mother as opposed to the foetus during pregnancy",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "ма̀те̄рњӣ"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "derived from the mother as opposed to the foetus during pregnancy",
"tags": [
"Roman"
],
"word": "màtērnjī"
}
],
"word": "maternal"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 3-syllable words",
"English adjectives",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
"English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English rare terms",
"English terms derived from Late Latin",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Middle French",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *méh₂tēr",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms suffixed with -al",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Pages with raw sortkeys",
"Requests for review of Hebrew translations",
"Rhymes:English/ɜː(ɹ)nəl",
"Rhymes:English/ɜː(ɹ)nəl/3 syllables",
"en:Family",
"en:Female family members"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*méh₂tēr"
},
"expansion": "*méh₂tēr",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "méh₂tēr"
},
"expansion": "PIE word\n *méh₂tēr",
"name": "PIE word"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "adjective",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "maternal"
},
"expansion": "Middle English maternal",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "maternall"
},
"expansion": "maternall",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "frm",
"3": "maternel",
"t": "maternal"
},
"expansion": "Middle French maternel (“maternal”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "maternel",
"t": "maternal; native"
},
"expansion": "French maternel (“maternal; native”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "etymon"
},
"expansion": "etymon",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "LL.",
"3": "māternālis",
"t": "maternal"
},
"expansion": "Late Latin māternālis (“maternal”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "māternus",
"t": "maternal; related to the mother or her side of the family"
},
"expansion": "Latin māternus (“maternal; related to the mother or her side of the family”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "adjective",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "noun"
},
"expansion": "noun",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "-ālis",
"pos": "suffix forming adjectives of relationship from nouns"
},
"expansion": "-ālis (suffix forming adjectives of relationship from nouns)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "māter",
"t": "mother"
},
"expansion": "māter (“mother”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*méh₂tēr",
"t": "mother"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *méh₂tēr (“mother”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "-rnus",
"pos": "suffix forming adjectives"
},
"expansion": "-rnus (suffix forming adjectives)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "maternale"
},
"expansion": "Italian maternale",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "materno"
},
"expansion": "materno",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "maternal"
},
"expansion": "Portuguese maternal",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "materno"
},
"expansion": "materno",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "maternal"
},
"expansion": "Spanish maternal",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "materno"
},
"expansion": "materno",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "noun"
},
"expansion": "noun",
"name": "glossary"
}
],
"etymology_text": "PIE word\n *méh₂tēr\nThe adjective is derived from Late Middle English maternal, maternall, from Middle French maternel (“maternal”) (modern French maternel (“maternal; native”)), or from its etymon Late Latin māternālis (“maternal”), from Latin māternus (“maternal; related to the mother or her side of the family”) + -ālis (suffix forming adjectives of relationship from nouns). Māternus is derived from māter (“mother”) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *méh₂tēr (“mother”)) + -rnus (suffix forming adjectives). The English word is cognate with Italian maternale, materno, Portuguese maternal, materno, Spanish maternal, materno.\nThe noun is derived from the adjective.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "maternals",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "maternal (plural maternals)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"ma‧tern‧al"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English dated terms",
"English informal terms",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1865 January, “‘Which is the Winner?’ By Charles Clarke, Author of ‘Charlie Thornhill’ [book review]”, in Baily’s Monthly Magazine of Sports and Pastimes, volume IX, number 59, London: A. H. Baily & Co., […], →OCLC, page 146",
"text": "In the necessarily brief space allotted to a review in these pages it would be impossible to sketch out the story at any length. Suffice it that there are two fathers, two sons and two daughters; the maternals, for once, go for little, but there is an Aunt Philly—a conception, that starts out in the intense reality of existence.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1868, Orpheus C. Kerr [pseudonym; Robert Henry Newell], “Letter III”, in Smoked Glass, New York, N.Y.: G[eorge] W. Carleton, publisher; London: S[ampson] Low, Son, & Co., →OCLC, page 53",
"text": "[...] I would especially bring to your attention the manifest propriety of discountenancing any familiarity from your mothers when in society. If obliged to go with your tiresome maternals to any social gathering, you may reclaim your freedom immediately upon entering the room by slipping abstractedly away in the direction of the piano, and from thenceforth being artlessly forgetful of all messages forwarded to you, and miraculously blind to all beckonings and elevation of fans.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1868 March, “[The Editor’s Repository.] Witty and Wise.”, in I[saac] W[illiam] Wiley, editor, The Ladies’ Repository: A Monthly Periodical, Devoted to Literature and Religion, volume XXVII, Cincinnati, Oh.: Poe & Hitchcock; […], →OCLC, page 181, column 2",
"text": "A little girl of this city, who is acknowledged by all to be pretty smart, was holding a very animated conversation with one of about her own years, a few days since. [...] After naming over various meritorious acts of which their maternals were capable, the one in question put an end to the dispute by exclaiming, \"Well, there's one thing my mother can do that yours can't—my mother can take every one of her teeth out at once.\"",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A mother."
],
"links": [
[
"mother",
"mother#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(dated, informal) A mother."
],
"tags": [
"dated",
"informal",
"rare"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1826 January, John Haywood, Judge of the Tennessee Supreme Court, “Jane C. Butler v. James M. King”, in George S. Yerger, William Frierson Cooper, editors, Tennessee Reports. Reports of Cases Argued and Determined in the Supreme Court of Tennessee, new edition, volume II, St. Louis, Mo.: G. I. Jones and Company, published 1876, →OCLC, page 109",
"text": "Divide what? The estate that came from the father to the son. Amongst whom? The paternal brothers. If it means, that paternals and maternals shall now divide, as paternals formerly did, the whole sentence operates nothing; for without, the half blood on both sides, would have taken. But say it establishes a well-known standard to divide by, and that this standard excludes the maternals, then every word, as well as this word \"only,\" has a material effect and energy.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1869, Neil B[enjamin] E[dmonstone] Baillie, “Of Inheritance by ‘Nusub’ or Consanguinity”, in A Digest of Moohummudan Law on the Subjects to which It is Usually Applied by British Courts of Justice in India. Compiled and Translated from Authorities in the Original Arabic, part 2nd (Containing the Doctrine of the Imameea Code of Jurisprudence […]), London: Smith Elder and Co., […], →OCLC, page 286",
"text": "If there are both paternal and maternal uncles and aunts, the maternals take a third, even if there is only one of them, and whether male or female, and the paternals two-thirds, even though there is only one of them, and whether male or female. If the maternals are of one kind, a male has the portion of two females.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A person related through the mother, or her side of the family; a maternal relative."
],
"links": [
[
"person",
"person"
],
[
"related",
"related#Adjective"
],
[
"side",
"side#Noun"
],
[
"family",
"family"
],
[
"relative",
"relative#Noun"
]
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/məˈtɜːnəl/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/məˈtɝnəl/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɜː(ɹ)nəl"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-maternal.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/7d/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-maternal.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-maternal.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/7d/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-maternal.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-maternal.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
},
{
"enpr": "mə-tûr'nəl"
}
],
"word": "maternal"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "en",
"3": "maternal"
},
"expansion": "English maternal",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "enm",
"3": "maternal"
},
"expansion": "Middle English maternal",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "maternall"
},
"expansion": "maternall",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "frm",
"3": "maternel",
"t": "maternal"
},
"expansion": "Middle French maternel (“maternal”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "maternel",
"t": "maternal; native"
},
"expansion": "French maternel (“maternal; native”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "etymon"
},
"expansion": "etymon",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "LL.",
"3": "māternālis",
"t": "maternal"
},
"expansion": "Late Latin māternālis (“maternal”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From English maternal, from Late Middle English maternal, maternall, from Middle French maternel (“maternal”) (modern French maternel (“maternal; native”)), or from its etymon Late Latin māternālis (“maternal”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"head": "",
"pl": "-"
},
"expansion": "maternal",
"name": "id-adj"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"ma‧têr‧nal"
],
"lang": "Indonesian",
"lang_code": "id",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Indonesian adjectives",
"Indonesian entries with incorrect language header",
"Indonesian lemmas",
"Indonesian terms borrowed from English",
"Indonesian terms derived from English",
"Indonesian terms derived from Late Latin",
"Indonesian terms derived from Middle English",
"Indonesian terms derived from Middle French",
"Indonesian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Indonesian terms with redundant script codes",
"Pages with raw sortkeys"
],
"glosses": [
"maternal."
],
"links": [
[
"maternal",
"maternal#English"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[matərˈnal]"
}
],
"word": "maternal"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with raw sortkeys",
"Portuguese 3-syllable words",
"Portuguese 4-syllable words",
"Portuguese adjectives",
"Portuguese countable nouns",
"Portuguese entries with incorrect language header",
"Portuguese lemmas",
"Portuguese masculine nouns",
"Portuguese nouns",
"Portuguese terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "maternais",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "maternal m or f (plural maternais)",
"name": "pt-adj"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"ma‧ter‧nal"
],
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"maternal (of or relating to mothers)"
],
"links": [
[
"maternal",
"maternal#English"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "materno"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ma.teʁˈnaw/",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ma.teɦˈnaʊ̯]",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ma.teʁˈnaw/",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ma.teɦˈnaʊ̯]",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ma.teɾˈnaw/",
"tags": [
"São-Paulo"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ma.teɾˈnaʊ̯]",
"tags": [
"São-Paulo"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ma.teʁˈnaw/",
"tags": [
"Rio-de-Janeiro"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ma.teʁˈnaʊ̯]",
"tags": [
"Rio-de-Janeiro"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ma.teɻˈnaw/",
"tags": [
"Southern-Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ma.teɻˈnaʊ̯]",
"tags": [
"Southern-Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/mɐ.tɨɾˈnal/",
"tags": [
"Portugal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[mɐ.tɨɾˈnaɫ]",
"tags": [
"Portugal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/mɐ.tɨɾˈnal/",
"tags": [
"Portugal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[mɐ.tɨɾˈnaɫ]",
"tags": [
"Portugal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/mɐ.tɨɾˈna.li/",
"tags": [
"Portugal",
"Southern"
]
}
],
"word": "maternal"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with raw sortkeys",
"Portuguese 3-syllable words",
"Portuguese 4-syllable words",
"Portuguese adjectives",
"Portuguese countable nouns",
"Portuguese entries with incorrect language header",
"Portuguese lemmas",
"Portuguese masculine nouns",
"Portuguese nouns",
"Portuguese terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "maternais",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "maternal m (plural maternais)",
"name": "pt-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"ma‧ter‧nal"
],
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"a school for young children"
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ma.teʁˈnaw/",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ma.teɦˈnaʊ̯]",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ma.teʁˈnaw/",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ma.teɦˈnaʊ̯]",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ma.teɾˈnaw/",
"tags": [
"São-Paulo"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ma.teɾˈnaʊ̯]",
"tags": [
"São-Paulo"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ma.teʁˈnaw/",
"tags": [
"Rio-de-Janeiro"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ma.teʁˈnaʊ̯]",
"tags": [
"Rio-de-Janeiro"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ma.teɻˈnaw/",
"tags": [
"Southern-Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ma.teɻˈnaʊ̯]",
"tags": [
"Southern-Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/mɐ.tɨɾˈnal/",
"tags": [
"Portugal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[mɐ.tɨɾˈnaɫ]",
"tags": [
"Portugal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/mɐ.tɨɾˈnal/",
"tags": [
"Portugal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[mɐ.tɨɾˈnaɫ]",
"tags": [
"Portugal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/mɐ.tɨɾˈna.li/",
"tags": [
"Portugal",
"Southern"
]
}
],
"word": "maternal"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "loanword",
"2": "Borrowed"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "fr",
"3": "maternel",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "French maternel",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "fr",
"3": "maternel"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from French maternel",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "matern",
"3": "-al"
},
"expansion": "By surface analysis, matern + -al",
"name": "surf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from French maternel. By surface analysis, matern + -al.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "maternală",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "maternali",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "maternale",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ro-decl-adj",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "maternal",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "maternală",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "maternali",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "maternale",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "maternalul",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "maternala",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "maternalii",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "maternalele",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"feminine",
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "maternal",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "maternale",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "maternali",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "maternale",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "maternalului",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"genitive",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "maternalei",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "maternalilor",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "maternalelor",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"definite",
"feminine",
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "maternal m or n (feminine singular maternală, masculine plural maternali, feminine and neuter plural maternale)",
"name": "ro-adj"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "ro-decl-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with raw sortkeys",
"Romanian adjectives",
"Romanian entries with incorrect language header",
"Romanian lemmas",
"Romanian terms borrowed from French",
"Romanian terms derived from French",
"Romanian terms suffixed with -al"
],
"glosses": [
"maternal"
],
"links": [
[
"maternal",
"maternal#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"neuter"
]
}
],
"word": "maternal"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "maternalmente"
}
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "maternales",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "maternal m or f (masculine and feminine plural maternales)",
"name": "es-adj"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"ma‧ter‧nal"
],
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"word": "paternal"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with raw sortkeys",
"Rhymes:Spanish/al",
"Rhymes:Spanish/al/3 syllables",
"Spanish 3-syllable words",
"Spanish adjectives",
"Spanish entries with incorrect language header",
"Spanish epicene adjectives",
"Spanish lemmas",
"Spanish terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"glosses": [
"maternal"
],
"links": [
[
"maternal",
"maternal#English"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "materno"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/mateɾˈnal/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ma.t̪eɾˈnal]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-al"
}
],
"word": "maternal"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.