See liminal on Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "liminality"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "liminal space"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "liminary"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "liminoid"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "subliminal"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "superliminal"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "līminālis"
},
"expansion": "Latin līminālis",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*Heh₃l-",
"t": "to bend, bow; elbow"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *Heh₃l- (“to bend, bow; elbow”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*-mn̥",
"pos": "suffix forming action nouns or result nouns from verbs"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-mn̥ (suffix forming action nouns or result nouns from verbs)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin līminālis, from līmen (“doorstep, threshold; doorway, entrance; beginning, commencement”) + -ālis (suffix forming adjectives of relationship from nouns). Līmen is possibly derived from līmus (“askew; sideways”) (possibly ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *Heh₃l- (“to bend, bow; elbow”)) + -men (suffix forming neuter nouns of the third declension) (from Proto-Indo-European *-mn̥ (suffix forming action nouns or result nouns from verbs)).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "more liminal",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "most liminal",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "liminal (comparative more liminal, superlative most liminal)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"li‧min‧al"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "delimit"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "delimitation"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "limit"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "limitation"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "limited"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "limitedly"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "limitedness"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "limitless"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "limitlessly"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "preliminarily"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "preliminary"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "unlimited"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "unlimitedly"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "unlimitedness"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "74 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "71 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms suffixed with -al",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "82 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "85 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "90 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "81 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Dutch translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "78 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Galician translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "79 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "78 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Greek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "78 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Indonesian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "77 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Irish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "84 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Italian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "78 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Macedonian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "70 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "84 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "84 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1870, Tertullian, “Of Modesty”, in Alexander Roberts, James Donaldson, editors, Ante-Nicene Christian Library: Translations of the Writings of the Fathers Down to A.D. 325, volumes XVIII (The Writings of Tertullian, Vol. III. with the Extant Works of Victorinus and Commodianus), Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, […], →OCLC, page 56:",
"text": "[W]ith the utmost strictness, we excommunicate digamists, as bringing infamy upon the Paraclete by the irregularity of their discipline. The selfsame liminal limit we fix for adulterers also and fornicators; dooming them to pour forth tears barren of peace, and to regain from the church no ampler return than the publication of their disgrace.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1972, Barbara Bockus Aponte, quoting Alfonso Reyes, “Ramón del Valle-Inclán”, in Alfonso Reyes and Spain: His Dialogue with Unamuno, Valle-Inclán, Ortega y Gasset, Jiménez, and Gómez de la Serna, Austin, Tex., London: University of Texas Press, →ISBN, page 87:",
"text": "There is a reminiscence, which comes and goes, of Mexican words, of Mexican turns of speech and puns. It is a murmur that wanders in the liminal part of his soul, but the writer [Ramón del Valle-Inclán] lets it be felt with full consciousness of what he is doing.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1999, Sarah Iles Johnston, “Divinities and the Dead”, in Restless Dead: Encounters between the Living and the Dead in Ancient Greece, Berkeley, Los Angeles, Calif.: University of California Press, →ISBN, page 209:",
"text": "[S]paces such as the threshold of a door are \"liminal,\" lying between otherwise defined areas without belonging to either of them. All over the world, […] liminal situations are associated with demons.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2007, Erica Eaton, “Making Liminal Spaces Visible: Art as Active Seeing: Preface”, in Erica Eaton, Tara Smelt, editors, Liminal: Spaces-in-between Visible and Invisible, Rochester, N.Y.: Evolutionary Girls, →ISBN, page iii, column 1:",
"text": "Art functions as a way of creating knowledge that considers and includes liminal space. As artists, we reflect what is seen, what is experienced and the spaces in-between: that which we know but cannot explain, that which is common human experience—it connects us.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2012, Bjørn Thomassen, “Revisiting Liminality: The Danger of Empty Spaces”, in Hazel Andrews, Les Roberts, editors, Liminal Landscapes: Travel, Experience and Spaces in-between (Contemporary Geographies of Leisure, Tourism and Mobility), Abingdon, Oxon., New York, N.Y.: Routledge, →ISBN, part I (Navigating Liminality: Theory, Method, Strategy), page 22:",
"text": "Caves have been, in many cultures, crucial liminal spaces where shamanistic ekstases occurred, bringing humans into contact with the spirits or the beyond. […] It is now a well-accepted hypothesis that cave paintings, such as the famous ones at Lascaux, must be interpreted as being part of ritual passages and actual liminal experiences.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Of or pertaining to an entrance or threshold."
],
"id": "en-liminal-en-adj-rcPzfxc8",
"links": [
[
"entrance",
"entrance"
],
[
"threshold",
"threshold"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "thresholdlike"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "pertaining to an entrance or threshold",
"word": "overgangs-"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "pertaining to an entrance or threshold",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "limiar"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "pertaining to an entrance or threshold",
"word": "Schwell-"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "methoriakós",
"sense": "pertaining to an entrance or threshold",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "μεθοριακός"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "metaichmiakós",
"sense": "pertaining to an entrance or threshold",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "μεταιχμιακός"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "pertaining to an entrance or threshold",
"word": "ambang batas"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "pertaining to an entrance or threshold",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "liminare"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "pertaining to an entrance or threshold",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "limiar"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "porógovyj",
"sense": "pertaining to an entrance or threshold",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "поро́говый"
},
{
"_dis1": "97 3",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "pertaining to an entrance or threshold",
"word": "liminar"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1875, D. L[udimar] Hermann, translated by Arthur Gamgee, Elements of Human Physiology: … Translated from the Fifth Edition …, London: Smith, Elder & Co., […], page 518:",
"text": "If it be assumed […] (2) that the imperceptible value which it [resistance] finally attains is equal to the liminal intensity of the stimulus; and (3) that the intensity of the sensation is proportionate to the magnitude of the area of the circle of irradiation,—the same relation between strength of stimulus, liminal intensity, and intensity of sensation is found as is expressed by 'Fechner's formula' (Maassformel).",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1884, James Sully, “Sensation”, in Outlines of Psychology: With Special Reference to the Theory of Education. A Text-book for Colleges, New York, N.Y.: D. Appleton and Company, 1, 3, and 5 Bond Street, →OCLC, page 114:",
"text": "Every stimulus must reach a certain intensity before any appreciable sensation results. This point is known as the threshold or liminal intensity.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2020 August 7, Jonathan Liew, “Phil Foden stars to offer Manchester City glimpse of multiple futures”, in The Guardian:",
"text": "If it felt like a passing of the torch, then on a night of silent jubilee for City it was also a liminal moment for Foden himself: the point at which he stopped being potential. When he stopped being the future and became the present.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Of or pertaining to a beginning or first stage of a process."
],
"id": "en-liminal-en-adj-fPNDltzq",
"links": [
[
"beginning",
"beginning#Noun"
],
[
"first",
"first"
],
[
"stage",
"stage#Noun"
],
[
"process",
"process#Noun"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "inceptive"
},
{
"word": "inchoative"
},
{
"word": "marginal"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "2 98",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "pertaining to a beginning or first stage of a process",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "limiar"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 98",
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "pertaining to a beginning or first stage of a process",
"word": "tingkat awal"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 98",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "pertaining to a beginning or first stage of a process",
"word": "tairseachúil"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 98",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "póčeten",
"sense": "pertaining to a beginning or first stage of a process",
"word": "по́четен"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 98",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "préoden",
"sense": "pertaining to a beginning or first stage of a process",
"word": "пре́оден"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈlɪmən(ə)l/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-liminal.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/00/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-liminal.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-liminal.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/00/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-liminal.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-liminal.wav.ogg"
}
],
"word": "liminal"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "en",
"3": "liminal"
},
"expansion": "Learned borrowing from English liminal",
"name": "lbor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Learned borrowing from English liminal.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "liminale",
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "liminaux",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "liminales",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "liminal (feminine liminale, masculine plural liminaux, feminine plural liminales)",
"name": "fr-adj"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "French entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "fr",
"name": "Psychology",
"orig": "fr:Psychology",
"parents": [
"Social sciences",
"Sciences",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"liminal"
],
"id": "en-liminal-fr-adj-CPJm6G9O",
"links": [
[
"psychology",
"psychology"
],
[
"liminal",
"#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(psychology) liminal"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "liminaire"
}
],
"topics": [
"human-sciences",
"psychology",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/li.mi.nal/"
}
],
"word": "liminal"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "fr",
"3": "liminal"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from French liminal",
"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from French liminal.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "liminală",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "liminali",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "liminale",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ro-decl-adj",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "liminal",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "liminală",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "liminali",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "liminale",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "liminalul",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "liminala",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "liminalii",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "liminalele",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"feminine",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "liminale",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "liminalului",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "liminalei",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "liminalilor",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "liminalelor",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"feminine",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "liminal m or n (feminine singular liminală, masculine plural liminali, feminine and neuter plural liminale)",
"name": "ro-adj"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "ro-decl-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Romanian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"liminal"
],
"id": "en-liminal-ro-adj-CPJm6G9O",
"links": [
[
"liminal",
"liminal#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"neuter"
]
}
],
"word": "liminal"
}
{
"categories": [
"English adjectives",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms suffixed with -al",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Indonesian translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Macedonian translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "liminality"
},
{
"word": "liminal space"
},
{
"word": "liminary"
},
{
"word": "liminoid"
},
{
"word": "subliminal"
},
{
"word": "superliminal"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "līminālis"
},
"expansion": "Latin līminālis",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*Heh₃l-",
"t": "to bend, bow; elbow"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *Heh₃l- (“to bend, bow; elbow”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*-mn̥",
"pos": "suffix forming action nouns or result nouns from verbs"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-mn̥ (suffix forming action nouns or result nouns from verbs)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin līminālis, from līmen (“doorstep, threshold; doorway, entrance; beginning, commencement”) + -ālis (suffix forming adjectives of relationship from nouns). Līmen is possibly derived from līmus (“askew; sideways”) (possibly ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *Heh₃l- (“to bend, bow; elbow”)) + -men (suffix forming neuter nouns of the third declension) (from Proto-Indo-European *-mn̥ (suffix forming action nouns or result nouns from verbs)).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "more liminal",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "most liminal",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "liminal (comparative more liminal, superlative most liminal)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"li‧min‧al"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"word": "delimit"
},
{
"word": "delimitation"
},
{
"word": "limit"
},
{
"word": "limitation"
},
{
"word": "limited"
},
{
"word": "limitedly"
},
{
"word": "limitedness"
},
{
"word": "limitless"
},
{
"word": "limitlessly"
},
{
"word": "preliminarily"
},
{
"word": "preliminary"
},
{
"word": "unlimited"
},
{
"word": "unlimitedly"
},
{
"word": "unlimitedness"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1870, Tertullian, “Of Modesty”, in Alexander Roberts, James Donaldson, editors, Ante-Nicene Christian Library: Translations of the Writings of the Fathers Down to A.D. 325, volumes XVIII (The Writings of Tertullian, Vol. III. with the Extant Works of Victorinus and Commodianus), Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, […], →OCLC, page 56:",
"text": "[W]ith the utmost strictness, we excommunicate digamists, as bringing infamy upon the Paraclete by the irregularity of their discipline. The selfsame liminal limit we fix for adulterers also and fornicators; dooming them to pour forth tears barren of peace, and to regain from the church no ampler return than the publication of their disgrace.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1972, Barbara Bockus Aponte, quoting Alfonso Reyes, “Ramón del Valle-Inclán”, in Alfonso Reyes and Spain: His Dialogue with Unamuno, Valle-Inclán, Ortega y Gasset, Jiménez, and Gómez de la Serna, Austin, Tex., London: University of Texas Press, →ISBN, page 87:",
"text": "There is a reminiscence, which comes and goes, of Mexican words, of Mexican turns of speech and puns. It is a murmur that wanders in the liminal part of his soul, but the writer [Ramón del Valle-Inclán] lets it be felt with full consciousness of what he is doing.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1999, Sarah Iles Johnston, “Divinities and the Dead”, in Restless Dead: Encounters between the Living and the Dead in Ancient Greece, Berkeley, Los Angeles, Calif.: University of California Press, →ISBN, page 209:",
"text": "[S]paces such as the threshold of a door are \"liminal,\" lying between otherwise defined areas without belonging to either of them. All over the world, […] liminal situations are associated with demons.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2007, Erica Eaton, “Making Liminal Spaces Visible: Art as Active Seeing: Preface”, in Erica Eaton, Tara Smelt, editors, Liminal: Spaces-in-between Visible and Invisible, Rochester, N.Y.: Evolutionary Girls, →ISBN, page iii, column 1:",
"text": "Art functions as a way of creating knowledge that considers and includes liminal space. As artists, we reflect what is seen, what is experienced and the spaces in-between: that which we know but cannot explain, that which is common human experience—it connects us.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2012, Bjørn Thomassen, “Revisiting Liminality: The Danger of Empty Spaces”, in Hazel Andrews, Les Roberts, editors, Liminal Landscapes: Travel, Experience and Spaces in-between (Contemporary Geographies of Leisure, Tourism and Mobility), Abingdon, Oxon., New York, N.Y.: Routledge, →ISBN, part I (Navigating Liminality: Theory, Method, Strategy), page 22:",
"text": "Caves have been, in many cultures, crucial liminal spaces where shamanistic ekstases occurred, bringing humans into contact with the spirits or the beyond. […] It is now a well-accepted hypothesis that cave paintings, such as the famous ones at Lascaux, must be interpreted as being part of ritual passages and actual liminal experiences.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Of or pertaining to an entrance or threshold."
],
"links": [
[
"entrance",
"entrance"
],
[
"threshold",
"threshold"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "thresholdlike"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1875, D. L[udimar] Hermann, translated by Arthur Gamgee, Elements of Human Physiology: … Translated from the Fifth Edition …, London: Smith, Elder & Co., […], page 518:",
"text": "If it be assumed […] (2) that the imperceptible value which it [resistance] finally attains is equal to the liminal intensity of the stimulus; and (3) that the intensity of the sensation is proportionate to the magnitude of the area of the circle of irradiation,—the same relation between strength of stimulus, liminal intensity, and intensity of sensation is found as is expressed by 'Fechner's formula' (Maassformel).",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1884, James Sully, “Sensation”, in Outlines of Psychology: With Special Reference to the Theory of Education. A Text-book for Colleges, New York, N.Y.: D. Appleton and Company, 1, 3, and 5 Bond Street, →OCLC, page 114:",
"text": "Every stimulus must reach a certain intensity before any appreciable sensation results. This point is known as the threshold or liminal intensity.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2020 August 7, Jonathan Liew, “Phil Foden stars to offer Manchester City glimpse of multiple futures”, in The Guardian:",
"text": "If it felt like a passing of the torch, then on a night of silent jubilee for City it was also a liminal moment for Foden himself: the point at which he stopped being potential. When he stopped being the future and became the present.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Of or pertaining to a beginning or first stage of a process."
],
"links": [
[
"beginning",
"beginning#Noun"
],
[
"first",
"first"
],
[
"stage",
"stage#Noun"
],
[
"process",
"process#Noun"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "inceptive"
},
{
"word": "inchoative"
},
{
"word": "marginal"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈlɪmən(ə)l/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-liminal.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/00/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-liminal.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-liminal.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/00/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-liminal.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-liminal.wav.ogg"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "pertaining to an entrance or threshold",
"word": "overgangs-"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "pertaining to an entrance or threshold",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "limiar"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "pertaining to an entrance or threshold",
"word": "Schwell-"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "methoriakós",
"sense": "pertaining to an entrance or threshold",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "μεθοριακός"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "metaichmiakós",
"sense": "pertaining to an entrance or threshold",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "μεταιχμιακός"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "pertaining to an entrance or threshold",
"word": "ambang batas"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "pertaining to an entrance or threshold",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "liminare"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "pertaining to an entrance or threshold",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine"
],
"word": "limiar"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "porógovyj",
"sense": "pertaining to an entrance or threshold",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "поро́говый"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "pertaining to an entrance or threshold",
"word": "liminar"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "pertaining to a beginning or first stage of a process",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "limiar"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "pertaining to a beginning or first stage of a process",
"word": "tingkat awal"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "pertaining to a beginning or first stage of a process",
"word": "tairseachúil"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "póčeten",
"sense": "pertaining to a beginning or first stage of a process",
"word": "по́четен"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "préoden",
"sense": "pertaining to a beginning or first stage of a process",
"word": "пре́оден"
}
],
"word": "liminal"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "en",
"3": "liminal"
},
"expansion": "Learned borrowing from English liminal",
"name": "lbor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Learned borrowing from English liminal.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "liminale",
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "liminaux",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "liminales",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "liminal (feminine liminale, masculine plural liminaux, feminine plural liminales)",
"name": "fr-adj"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"French 3-syllable words",
"French adjectives",
"French entries with incorrect language header",
"French learned borrowings from English",
"French lemmas",
"French terms borrowed from English",
"French terms derived from English",
"French terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"fr:Psychology"
],
"glosses": [
"liminal"
],
"links": [
[
"psychology",
"psychology"
],
[
"liminal",
"#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(psychology) liminal"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "liminaire"
}
],
"topics": [
"human-sciences",
"psychology",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/li.mi.nal/"
}
],
"word": "liminal"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "fr",
"3": "liminal"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from French liminal",
"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from French liminal.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "liminală",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "liminali",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "liminale",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ro-decl-adj",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "liminal",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "liminală",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "liminali",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"indefinite",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "liminale",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "liminalul",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "liminala",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "liminalii",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "liminalele",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"feminine",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "liminale",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"feminine",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "liminalului",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "liminalei",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "liminalilor",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "liminalelor",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"feminine",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "liminal m or n (feminine singular liminală, masculine plural liminali, feminine and neuter plural liminale)",
"name": "ro-adj"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "ro-decl-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Romanian adjectives",
"Romanian entries with incorrect language header",
"Romanian lemmas",
"Romanian terms borrowed from French",
"Romanian terms derived from French"
],
"glosses": [
"liminal"
],
"links": [
[
"liminal",
"liminal#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"neuter"
]
}
],
"word": "liminal"
}
Download raw JSONL data for liminal meaning in All languages combined (13.8kB)
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'nominative- accusative'",
"path": [
"liminal"
],
"section": "Romanian",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "liminal",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'nominative- accusative'",
"path": [
"liminal"
],
"section": "Romanian",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "liminal",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'genitive- dative'",
"path": [
"liminal"
],
"section": "Romanian",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "liminal",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'genitive- dative'",
"path": [
"liminal"
],
"section": "Romanian",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "liminal",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (8a39820 and 4401a4c). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.