See lighten on Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "lighten up"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "relighten"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "lightnen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English lightnen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "light",
"3": "en",
"id2": "inchoative"
},
"expansion": "light + -en",
"name": "suffix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English lightnen, equivalent to light + -en.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "lightens",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "lightening",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "lightened",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "lightened",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "en-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "lighten",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "lighten (third-person singular simple present lightens, present participle lightening, simple past and past participle lightened)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"old": "1"
},
"name": "en-conj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "to lighten an apartment with lamps or gas; to lighten the streets",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1667, John Dryden, Annus Mirabilis, London: Henry Herringman, stanza 231, p. 59:",
"text": "A Key of fire ran all along the shore,\nAnd lighten’d all the river with the blaze:",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To make brighter or clearer; to illuminate."
],
"id": "en-lighten-en-verb-a2K3PJdr",
"links": [
[
"illuminate",
"illuminate"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To make brighter or clearer; to illuminate."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "light up"
}
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "70 24 1 4 1",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "osvetjavam",
"sense": "to make brighter or clearer",
"word": "осветявам"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 24 1 4 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to make brighter or clearer",
"word": "valaista"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 24 1 4 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to make brighter or clearer",
"word": "kirkastaa"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 24 1 4 1",
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "to make brighter or clearer",
"word": "lumizar"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 24 1 4 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "osvetljátʹ",
"sense": "to make brighter or clearer",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "осветля́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 24 1 4 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "osvetlítʹ",
"sense": "to make brighter or clearer",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "осветли́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 24 1 4 1",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to make brighter or clearer",
"word": "aclarar"
},
{
"_dis1": "70 24 1 4 1",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "to make brighter or clearer",
"word": "goleuo"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"To become brighter or clearer; to brighten."
],
"id": "en-lighten-en-verb-4K5Tr52a",
"links": [
[
"bright",
"bright"
],
[
"brighten",
"brighten"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To become brighter or clearer; to brighten."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "8 60 8 16 8",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "to become light in weight",
"word": "ysgafnhau"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 71 1 4 2",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "prosvetljavam",
"sense": "to become brighter or clearer",
"word": "просветлявам"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 71 1 4 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to become brighter or clearer",
"word": "valaistua"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 71 1 4 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to become brighter or clearer",
"word": "kirkastua"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 71 1 4 2",
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "to become brighter or clearer",
"word": "lumar"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 71 1 4 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "svetlétʹ",
"sense": "to become brighter or clearer",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "светле́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 71 1 4 2",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "posvetlétʹ",
"sense": "to become brighter or clearer",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "посветле́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "22 71 1 4 2",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to become brighter or clearer",
"word": "aclararse"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "c. 1590 (date written), G[eorge] P[eele], The Old Wiues Tale. […], London: […] Iohn Danter, for Raph Hancocke, and Iohn Hardie, […], published 1595, →OCLC, [line 500]:",
"text": "Enter the Conjurer; it lightens and thunders […]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1599 (first performance), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Iulius Cæsar”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, (please specify the act number in uppercase Roman numerals):",
"text": "[…] this dreadful night,\nThat thunders, lightens, opens graves, and roars\nAs doth the lion.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1986, Helen Garner, Yellow Notebook: Diaries 1978-1987, Text Publishing, published 2022, page 182:",
"text": "While we were in the Twins it began to thunder and lighten and pour with rain.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To flash lightning, to give off lightning."
],
"id": "en-lighten-en-verb-y3o8ibHg",
"links": [
[
"lightning",
"lightning"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive, now rare) To flash lightning, to give off lightning."
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"intransitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "1 1 81 15 2",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "baraqa",
"sense": "to flash lightning, to give off lightning",
"word": "بَرَقَ"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 81 15 2",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ʔabraqa",
"sense": "to flash lightning, to give off lightning",
"word": "أَبْرَقَ"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 81 15 2",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "svjatkam",
"sense": "to flash lightning, to give off lightning",
"word": "святкам"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 81 15 2",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "to flash lightning, to give off lightning",
"word": "lyne"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 81 15 2",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to flash lightning, to give off lightning",
"word": "blitzen"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 81 15 2",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to flash lightning, to give off lightning",
"word": "villámlik"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "17 17 3 34 2 4 3 6 3 6 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 14 6 21 6 6 5 9 5 9 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms suffixed with -en (inchoative)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 15 6 28 6 5 6 7 6 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 16 4 34 3 4 3 4 3 4 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 17 3 40 3 3 3 4 3 4 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 23 9 36 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Arabic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 17 6 23 5 4 6 9 6 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 17 6 23 5 3 6 9 6 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Catalan translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 22 6 45 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Danish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 17 6 23 5 3 6 9 6 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 15 7 27 6 4 5 9 5 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 26 10 33 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hungarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 16 5 32 5 4 4 8 4 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ido translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 15 6 30 5 4 5 8 5 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 15 6 32 5 5 5 7 5 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 17 5 23 5 4 6 9 6 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 22 11 38 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Welsh translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1595 December 9 (first known performance), William Shakespeare, “The life and death of King Richard the Second”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies: Published According to the True Originall Copies (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene 3]:",
"text": "[…] behold his eye,\nAs bright as is the eagle’s, lightens forth\nControlling majesty:",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To emit or disclose in, or as if in, lightning; to flash out, like lightning."
],
"id": "en-lighten-en-verb-AXH925wG",
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To emit or disclose in, or as if in, lightning; to flash out, like lightning."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1599, John Davies, “Of the Soule of man, and the immortalitie thereof”, in Nosce Teipsum. This Oracle Expounded in Two Elegies, London: John Standish, page 10:",
"text": "O Light which mak’st the Light, which makes the Day,\nWhich setst the Eye without and Mind within,\nLighten my spirit with one cleare heavenly ray,\nWhich now to view it selfe doth first begin.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To illuminate with knowledge."
],
"id": "en-lighten-en-verb-hwMbTUR~",
"links": [
[
"knowledge",
"knowledge"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) To illuminate with knowledge."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "enlighten"
}
],
"tags": [
"archaic"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈlaɪ.tən/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈlaɪtn̩]"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈlaɪʔn̩]"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-lighten.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d3/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-lighten.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-lighten.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d3/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-lighten.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-lighten.wav.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-aɪtən"
}
],
"word": "lighten"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "lighten up"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "lighten someone's purse"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "lightnen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English lightnen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "light",
"3": "en",
"id2": "inchoative"
},
"expansion": "light + -en",
"name": "suffix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English lightnen, equivalent to light + -en.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "lightens",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "lightening",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "lightened",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "lightened",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "en-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "lighten",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "lighten (third-person singular simple present lightens, present participle lightening, simple past and past participle lightened)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"old": "1"
},
"name": "en-conj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "18 21 20 21 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 17 27 17 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Aromanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 18 27 18 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Asturian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 18 24 18 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Dutch translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 17 23 17 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 18 27 18 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Galician translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 18 27 18 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Gallurese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 16 27 16 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Italian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 18 27 18 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Korean translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 18 27 18 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Maori translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 18 27 18 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Romanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 17 27 17 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Sassarese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 18 27 18 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Turkish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Sorrow can be lightened by being openly brought out.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "2019 February 1, J. C. Garden, “Interrogating innocence: “Childhood” as exclusionary social practice”, in Childhood, volume 26, number 1, page 55:",
"text": "She cites a 2015 British poll conducted by the Family Holiday Association that found vacations can serve as “happiness anchors” that provide memories of familial joy to lighten the burdens of adulthood.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To alleviate; to reduce the burden of."
],
"id": "en-lighten-en-verb-jsu09hRe",
"links": [
[
"alleviate",
"alleviate"
],
[
"reduce",
"reduce"
],
[
"burden",
"burden"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To alleviate; to reduce the burden of."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0 0 0",
"code": "rup",
"lang": "Aromanian",
"sense": "to alleviate",
"word": "lishuredz"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0 0 0",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "oblekčavam",
"sense": "to alleviate",
"word": "облекчавам"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0 0 0",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "to alleviate",
"word": "alleujar"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0 0 0",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "to alleviate",
"word": "alleugerir"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0 0 0",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to alleviate",
"word": "verlichten"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0 0 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to alleviate",
"word": "keventää"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0 0 0",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to alleviate",
"word": "alléger"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0 0 0",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to alleviate",
"word": "aliviar"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0 0 0",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to alleviate",
"word": "alixeirar"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0 0 0",
"code": "sdn",
"lang": "Gallurese",
"sense": "to alleviate",
"word": "alliciricà"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0 0 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to alleviate",
"word": "erleichtern"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0 0 0",
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "kouphízō",
"sense": "to alleviate",
"word": "κουφίζω"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0 0 0",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "heqél",
"sense": "to alleviate",
"word": "הֵקֵל"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0 0 0",
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "to alleviate",
"word": "alejar"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0 0 0",
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "to alleviate",
"word": "lejerigar"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0 0 0",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to alleviate",
"word": "alleggerire"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0 0 0",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "deoreojuda",
"sense": "to alleviate",
"word": "덜어주다"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0 0 0",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to alleviate",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "odciążać"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0 0 0",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to alleviate",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "odciążyć"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0 0 0",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to alleviate",
"word": "aliviar"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0 0 0",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "to alleviate",
"word": "ușura"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0 0 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "oblexčátʹ",
"sense": "to alleviate",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "облегча́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0 0 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "obléxčitʹ",
"sense": "to alleviate",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "обле́гчить"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0 0 0",
"code": "sc",
"lang": "Campidanese Sardinian",
"sense": "to alleviate",
"word": "allebiai"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0 0 0",
"code": "sc",
"lang": "Campidanese Sardinian",
"sense": "to alleviate",
"word": "allixerai"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0 0 0",
"code": "sc",
"lang": "Sardinian",
"sense": "to alleviate",
"tags": [
"Logudorese"
],
"word": "allezerire"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0 0 0",
"code": "sc",
"lang": "Sardinian",
"sense": "to alleviate",
"tags": [
"Logudorese"
],
"word": "disaggraviare"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0 0 0",
"code": "sc",
"lang": "Sardinian",
"sense": "to alleviate",
"tags": [
"Logudorese"
],
"word": "illepiare"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0 0 0",
"code": "sdc",
"lang": "Sassarese",
"sense": "to alleviate",
"word": "allizarigà"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0 0 0",
"code": "sdc",
"lang": "Sassarese",
"sense": "to alleviate",
"word": "alliziriggà"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0 0 0",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to alleviate",
"word": "aliviar"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0 0 0",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to alleviate",
"word": "lätta"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0 0 0",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "to alleviate",
"word": "hafifletmek"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "18 21 20 21 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 17 27 17 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Aromanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 18 27 18 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Asturian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 18 24 18 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Dutch translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 17 23 17 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 18 27 18 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Galician translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 18 27 18 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Gallurese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 21 25 21 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hebrew translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 16 27 16 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Italian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 18 27 18 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Korean translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 18 27 18 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Maori translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 22 23 22 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 19 27 19 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 18 27 18 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Romanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 23 23 23 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Sardinian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 17 27 17 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Sassarese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 18 27 18 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Turkish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To make light or lighter in weight."
],
"id": "en-lighten-en-verb-gbV5C8mW",
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To make light or lighter in weight."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "0 56 14 30 0",
"code": "rup",
"lang": "Aromanian",
"sense": "to make light in weight",
"word": "lishuredz"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 56 14 30 0",
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"sense": "to make light in weight",
"word": "allixerar"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 56 14 30 0",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "to make light in weight",
"word": "alleugerir"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 56 14 30 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to make light in weight",
"word": "keventää"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 56 14 30 0",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to make light in weight",
"word": "alixeirar"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 56 14 30 0",
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "kouphízō",
"sense": "to make light in weight",
"word": "κουφίζω"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 56 14 30 0",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "heqél",
"sense": "to make light in weight",
"word": "הֵקֵל"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 56 14 30 0",
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "to make light in weight",
"word": "alejar"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 56 14 30 0",
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "to make light in weight",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "lejerigar"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 56 14 30 0",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to make light in weight",
"word": "whakamāmā"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 56 14 30 0",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to make light in weight",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "odciążać"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 56 14 30 0",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to make light in weight",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "odciążyć"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 56 14 30 0",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to make light in weight",
"word": "aligeirar"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 56 14 30 0",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to make light in weight",
"word": "aliviar"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 56 14 30 0",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "to make light in weight",
"word": "ușura"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 56 14 30 0",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to make light in weight",
"word": "aligerar"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 56 14 30 0",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to make light in weight",
"word": "lätta"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "18 21 20 21 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 17 27 17 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Aromanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 18 27 18 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Asturian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 18 24 18 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Dutch translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 17 23 17 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 18 27 18 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Galician translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 18 27 18 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Gallurese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 21 25 21 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hebrew translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 16 27 16 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Italian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 18 27 18 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Korean translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 18 27 18 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Maori translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 22 23 22 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 19 27 19 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 18 27 18 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Romanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 23 23 23 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Sardinian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 17 27 17 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Sassarese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 18 27 18 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Turkish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Psalms 34:5:",
"text": "They looked unto him, were lightened: and their faces were not ashamed.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To make less serious or more cheerful."
],
"id": "en-lighten-en-verb-tp7Mfo8-",
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To make less serious or more cheerful."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "0 6 56 1 37",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "smekčavam",
"sense": "to make less serious",
"word": "смекчавам"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 6 56 1 37",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to make less serious",
"word": "keventää"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 6 56 1 37",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "heqél",
"sense": "to make less serious",
"word": "הֵקֵל"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 6 56 1 37",
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "to make less serious",
"word": "gayigar"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 6 56 1 37",
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"note": "a subject",
"sense": "to make less serious",
"word": "klarigar"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 6 56 1 37",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to make less serious",
"word": "aligeirar"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 6 56 1 37",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "smjaxčátʹ",
"sense": "to make less serious",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "смягча́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 6 56 1 37",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "smjaxčítʹ",
"sense": "to make less serious",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "смягчи́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 6 56 1 37",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to make less serious",
"word": "lätta"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "18 21 20 21 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 17 27 17 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Aromanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 18 27 18 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Asturian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 18 24 18 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Dutch translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 17 23 17 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 18 27 18 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Galician translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 18 27 18 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Gallurese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 21 25 21 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hebrew translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 16 27 16 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Italian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 18 27 18 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Korean translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 18 27 18 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Maori translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 22 23 22 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 19 27 19 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 18 27 18 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Romanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 23 23 23 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Sardinian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 17 27 17 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Sassarese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 18 27 18 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Turkish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To become light or lighter in weight."
],
"id": "en-lighten-en-verb-PAvHrb6W",
"links": [
[
"light",
"light"
],
[
"weight",
"weight"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To become light or lighter in weight."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "2 17 2 5 2 1 14 1 37 18",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "to become light in weight",
"word": "alleugerir-se"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 17 2 5 2 1 14 1 37 18",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to become light in weight",
"word": "keventyä"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 17 2 5 2 1 14 1 37 18",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to become light in weight",
"word": "kevetä"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 17 2 5 2 1 14 1 37 18",
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "to become light in weight",
"word": "lejereskar"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 17 2 5 2 1 14 1 37 18",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to become light in weight",
"word": "aligerarse"
},
{
"_dis1": "2 17 2 5 2 1 14 1 37 18",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to become light in weight",
"word": "lätta"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 20 1 53 25",
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "hafiflenmek",
"sense": "to become light in weight",
"word": "خفیفلنمك"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "18 21 20 21 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 17 27 17 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Aromanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 18 27 18 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Asturian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 18 24 18 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Dutch translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 17 23 17 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 18 27 18 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Galician translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 18 27 18 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Gallurese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 21 25 21 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hebrew translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 16 27 16 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Italian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 18 27 18 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Korean translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 18 27 18 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Maori translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 22 23 22 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 16 22 22 28",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 19 27 19 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 18 27 18 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Romanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 23 23 23 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Sardinian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 17 27 17 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Sassarese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 18 27 18 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Turkish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To become less serious or more cheerful."
],
"id": "en-lighten-en-verb-XZCv5RW8",
"links": [
[
"serious",
"serious"
],
[
"cheerful",
"cheerful"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To become less serious or more cheerful."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "1 1 31 12 55",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to become less serious",
"word": "keventyä"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 31 12 55",
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "to become less serious",
"word": "gayeskar"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 31 12 55",
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"note": "a subject",
"sense": "to become less serious",
"word": "klareskar"
},
{
"_dis1": "1 1 31 12 55",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to become less serious",
"word": "lätta"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈlaɪ.tən/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈlaɪtn̩]"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈlaɪʔn̩]"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-lighten.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d3/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-lighten.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-lighten.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d3/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-lighten.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-lighten.wav.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-aɪtən"
}
],
"word": "lighten"
}
{
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "light",
"3": "en",
"id2": "inchoative"
},
"expansion": "light + -en",
"name": "suffix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From light + -en.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "lightens",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "lightening",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "lightened",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "lightened",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "lighten (third-person singular simple present lightens, present participle lightening, simple past and past participle lightened)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "Book of Common Prayer\nO Lord, let thy mercy lighten upon us."
}
],
"glosses": [
"To descend; to light."
],
"id": "en-lighten-en-verb-~Hy6f7fg",
"links": [
[
"descend",
"descend"
],
[
"light",
"light"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "alight"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈlaɪ.tən/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈlaɪtn̩]"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈlaɪʔn̩]"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-lighten.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d3/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-lighten.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-lighten.wav.mp3",
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},
{
"rhymes": "-aɪtən"
}
],
"word": "lighten"
}
{
"categories": [
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English ergative verbs",
"English lemmas",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms suffixed with -en (inchoative)",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/aɪtən",
"Rhymes:English/aɪtən/2 syllables",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Danish translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Ido translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Welsh translations"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "lighten up"
},
{
"word": "relighten"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "lightnen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English lightnen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "light",
"3": "en",
"id2": "inchoative"
},
"expansion": "light + -en",
"name": "suffix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English lightnen, equivalent to light + -en.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "lightens",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "lightening",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "lightened",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "lightened",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "en-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "lighten",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "lighten (third-person singular simple present lightens, present participle lightening, simple past and past participle lightened)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"old": "1"
},
"name": "en-conj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "to lighten an apartment with lamps or gas; to lighten the streets",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "1667, John Dryden, Annus Mirabilis, London: Henry Herringman, stanza 231, p. 59:",
"text": "A Key of fire ran all along the shore,\nAnd lighten’d all the river with the blaze:",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To make brighter or clearer; to illuminate."
],
"links": [
[
"illuminate",
"illuminate"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To make brighter or clearer; to illuminate."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "light up"
}
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English intransitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To become brighter or clearer; to brighten."
],
"links": [
[
"bright",
"bright"
],
[
"brighten",
"brighten"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To become brighter or clearer; to brighten."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English intransitive verbs",
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with rare senses"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "c. 1590 (date written), G[eorge] P[eele], The Old Wiues Tale. […], London: […] Iohn Danter, for Raph Hancocke, and Iohn Hardie, […], published 1595, →OCLC, [line 500]:",
"text": "Enter the Conjurer; it lightens and thunders […]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1599 (first performance), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Iulius Cæsar”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, (please specify the act number in uppercase Roman numerals):",
"text": "[…] this dreadful night,\nThat thunders, lightens, opens graves, and roars\nAs doth the lion.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1986, Helen Garner, Yellow Notebook: Diaries 1978-1987, Text Publishing, published 2022, page 182:",
"text": "While we were in the Twins it began to thunder and lighten and pour with rain.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To flash lightning, to give off lightning."
],
"links": [
[
"lightning",
"lightning"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive, now rare) To flash lightning, to give off lightning."
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1595 December 9 (first known performance), William Shakespeare, “The life and death of King Richard the Second”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies: Published According to the True Originall Copies (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act III, scene 3]:",
"text": "[…] behold his eye,\nAs bright as is the eagle’s, lightens forth\nControlling majesty:",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To emit or disclose in, or as if in, lightning; to flash out, like lightning."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To emit or disclose in, or as if in, lightning; to flash out, like lightning."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with archaic senses",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1599, John Davies, “Of the Soule of man, and the immortalitie thereof”, in Nosce Teipsum. This Oracle Expounded in Two Elegies, London: John Standish, page 10:",
"text": "O Light which mak’st the Light, which makes the Day,\nWhich setst the Eye without and Mind within,\nLighten my spirit with one cleare heavenly ray,\nWhich now to view it selfe doth first begin.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To illuminate with knowledge."
],
"links": [
[
"knowledge",
"knowledge"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) To illuminate with knowledge."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "enlighten"
}
],
"tags": [
"archaic"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈlaɪ.tən/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈlaɪtn̩]"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈlaɪʔn̩]"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-lighten.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d3/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-lighten.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-lighten.wav.mp3",
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},
{
"rhymes": "-aɪtən"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "osvetjavam",
"sense": "to make brighter or clearer",
"word": "осветявам"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to make brighter or clearer",
"word": "valaista"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to make brighter or clearer",
"word": "kirkastaa"
},
{
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "to make brighter or clearer",
"word": "lumizar"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "osvetljátʹ",
"sense": "to make brighter or clearer",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "осветля́ть"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "osvetlítʹ",
"sense": "to make brighter or clearer",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "осветли́ть"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to make brighter or clearer",
"word": "aclarar"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "to make brighter or clearer",
"word": "goleuo"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "to become light in weight",
"word": "alleugerir-se"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to become light in weight",
"word": "keventyä"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to become light in weight",
"word": "kevetä"
},
{
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "to become light in weight",
"word": "lejereskar"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to become light in weight",
"word": "aligerarse"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to become light in weight",
"word": "lätta"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "to become light in weight",
"word": "ysgafnhau"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "prosvetljavam",
"sense": "to become brighter or clearer",
"word": "просветлявам"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to become brighter or clearer",
"word": "valaistua"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to become brighter or clearer",
"word": "kirkastua"
},
{
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "to become brighter or clearer",
"word": "lumar"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "svetlétʹ",
"sense": "to become brighter or clearer",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "светле́ть"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "posvetlétʹ",
"sense": "to become brighter or clearer",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "посветле́ть"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to become brighter or clearer",
"word": "aclararse"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "baraqa",
"sense": "to flash lightning, to give off lightning",
"word": "بَرَقَ"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ʔabraqa",
"sense": "to flash lightning, to give off lightning",
"word": "أَبْرَقَ"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "svjatkam",
"sense": "to flash lightning, to give off lightning",
"word": "святкам"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "to flash lightning, to give off lightning",
"word": "lyne"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to flash lightning, to give off lightning",
"word": "blitzen"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to flash lightning, to give off lightning",
"word": "villámlik"
}
],
"word": "lighten"
}
{
"categories": [
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English ergative verbs",
"English lemmas",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms suffixed with -en (inchoative)",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/aɪtən",
"Rhymes:English/aɪtən/2 syllables",
"Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
"Terms with Aromanian translations",
"Terms with Asturian translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with Gallurese translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Hebrew translations",
"Terms with Ido translations",
"Terms with Italian translations",
"Terms with Korean translations",
"Terms with Maori translations",
"Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Sardinian translations",
"Terms with Sassarese translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "lighten someone's purse"
},
{
"word": "lighten up"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "lightnen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English lightnen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "light",
"3": "en",
"id2": "inchoative"
},
"expansion": "light + -en",
"name": "suffix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English lightnen, equivalent to light + -en.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "lightens",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "lightening",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "lightened",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "lightened",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "en-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "lighten",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "lighten (third-person singular simple present lightens, present participle lightening, simple past and past participle lightened)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"old": "1"
},
"name": "en-conj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Sorrow can be lightened by being openly brought out.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"ref": "2019 February 1, J. C. Garden, “Interrogating innocence: “Childhood” as exclusionary social practice”, in Childhood, volume 26, number 1, page 55:",
"text": "She cites a 2015 British poll conducted by the Family Holiday Association that found vacations can serve as “happiness anchors” that provide memories of familial joy to lighten the burdens of adulthood.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To alleviate; to reduce the burden of."
],
"links": [
[
"alleviate",
"alleviate"
],
[
"reduce",
"reduce"
],
[
"burden",
"burden"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To alleviate; to reduce the burden of."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To make light or lighter in weight."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To make light or lighter in weight."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Psalms 34:5:",
"text": "They looked unto him, were lightened: and their faces were not ashamed.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To make less serious or more cheerful."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To make less serious or more cheerful."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English intransitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To become light or lighter in weight."
],
"links": [
[
"light",
"light"
],
[
"weight",
"weight"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To become light or lighter in weight."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English intransitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To become less serious or more cheerful."
],
"links": [
[
"serious",
"serious"
],
[
"cheerful",
"cheerful"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive) To become less serious or more cheerful."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈlaɪ.tən/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈlaɪtn̩]"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈlaɪʔn̩]"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-lighten.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d3/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-lighten.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-lighten.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d3/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-lighten.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-lighten.wav.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-aɪtən"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "rup",
"lang": "Aromanian",
"sense": "to alleviate",
"word": "lishuredz"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "oblekčavam",
"sense": "to alleviate",
"word": "облекчавам"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "to alleviate",
"word": "alleujar"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "to alleviate",
"word": "alleugerir"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "to alleviate",
"word": "verlichten"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to alleviate",
"word": "keventää"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to alleviate",
"word": "alléger"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to alleviate",
"word": "aliviar"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to alleviate",
"word": "alixeirar"
},
{
"code": "sdn",
"lang": "Gallurese",
"sense": "to alleviate",
"word": "alliciricà"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to alleviate",
"word": "erleichtern"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "kouphízō",
"sense": "to alleviate",
"word": "κουφίζω"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "heqél",
"sense": "to alleviate",
"word": "הֵקֵל"
},
{
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "to alleviate",
"word": "alejar"
},
{
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "to alleviate",
"word": "lejerigar"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "to alleviate",
"word": "alleggerire"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "deoreojuda",
"sense": "to alleviate",
"word": "덜어주다"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to alleviate",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "odciążać"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to alleviate",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "odciążyć"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to alleviate",
"word": "aliviar"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "to alleviate",
"word": "ușura"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "oblexčátʹ",
"sense": "to alleviate",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "облегча́ть"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "obléxčitʹ",
"sense": "to alleviate",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "обле́гчить"
},
{
"code": "sc",
"lang": "Campidanese Sardinian",
"sense": "to alleviate",
"word": "allebiai"
},
{
"code": "sc",
"lang": "Campidanese Sardinian",
"sense": "to alleviate",
"word": "allixerai"
},
{
"code": "sc",
"lang": "Sardinian",
"sense": "to alleviate",
"tags": [
"Logudorese"
],
"word": "allezerire"
},
{
"code": "sc",
"lang": "Sardinian",
"sense": "to alleviate",
"tags": [
"Logudorese"
],
"word": "disaggraviare"
},
{
"code": "sc",
"lang": "Sardinian",
"sense": "to alleviate",
"tags": [
"Logudorese"
],
"word": "illepiare"
},
{
"code": "sdc",
"lang": "Sassarese",
"sense": "to alleviate",
"word": "allizarigà"
},
{
"code": "sdc",
"lang": "Sassarese",
"sense": "to alleviate",
"word": "alliziriggà"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to alleviate",
"word": "aliviar"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to alleviate",
"word": "lätta"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "to alleviate",
"word": "hafifletmek"
},
{
"code": "rup",
"lang": "Aromanian",
"sense": "to make light in weight",
"word": "lishuredz"
},
{
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"sense": "to make light in weight",
"word": "allixerar"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "to make light in weight",
"word": "alleugerir"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to make light in weight",
"word": "keventää"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to make light in weight",
"word": "alixeirar"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "kouphízō",
"sense": "to make light in weight",
"word": "κουφίζω"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "heqél",
"sense": "to make light in weight",
"word": "הֵקֵל"
},
{
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "to make light in weight",
"word": "alejar"
},
{
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "to make light in weight",
"tags": [
"literary"
],
"word": "lejerigar"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "to make light in weight",
"word": "whakamāmā"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to make light in weight",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "odciążać"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "to make light in weight",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "odciążyć"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to make light in weight",
"word": "aligeirar"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to make light in weight",
"word": "aliviar"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "to make light in weight",
"word": "ușura"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to make light in weight",
"word": "aligerar"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to make light in weight",
"word": "lätta"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "smekčavam",
"sense": "to make less serious",
"word": "смекчавам"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to make less serious",
"word": "keventää"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "heqél",
"sense": "to make less serious",
"word": "הֵקֵל"
},
{
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "to make less serious",
"word": "gayigar"
},
{
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"note": "a subject",
"sense": "to make less serious",
"word": "klarigar"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "to make less serious",
"word": "aligeirar"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "smjaxčátʹ",
"sense": "to make less serious",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "смягча́ть"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "smjaxčítʹ",
"sense": "to make less serious",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "смягчи́ть"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to make less serious",
"word": "lätta"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "to become light in weight",
"word": "alleugerir-se"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to become light in weight",
"word": "keventyä"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to become light in weight",
"word": "kevetä"
},
{
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "to become light in weight",
"word": "lejereskar"
},
{
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "hafiflenmek",
"sense": "to become light in weight",
"word": "خفیفلنمك"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "to become light in weight",
"word": "aligerarse"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to become light in weight",
"word": "lätta"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "to become less serious",
"word": "keventyä"
},
{
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "to become less serious",
"word": "gayeskar"
},
{
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"note": "a subject",
"sense": "to become less serious",
"word": "klareskar"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to become less serious",
"word": "lätta"
}
],
"word": "lighten"
}
{
"categories": [
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English ergative verbs",
"English lemmas",
"English terms suffixed with -en (inchoative)",
"English verbs",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/aɪtən",
"Rhymes:English/aɪtən/2 syllables"
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "light",
"3": "en",
"id2": "inchoative"
},
"expansion": "light + -en",
"name": "suffix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From light + -en.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "lightens",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "lightening",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "lightened",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "lightened",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "lighten (third-person singular simple present lightens, present participle lightening, simple past and past participle lightened)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"word": "alight"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "Book of Common Prayer\nO Lord, let thy mercy lighten upon us."
}
],
"glosses": [
"To descend; to light."
],
"links": [
[
"descend",
"descend"
],
[
"light",
"light"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈlaɪ.tən/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈlaɪtn̩]"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈlaɪʔn̩]"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-lighten.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d3/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-lighten.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-lighten.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d3/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-lighten.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-lighten.wav.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-aɪtən"
}
],
"word": "lighten"
}
Download raw JSONL data for lighten meaning in All languages combined (22.5kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-08 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-01 using wiktextract (9a96ef4 and 4ed51a5). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.