See libel on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for libel meaning in All languages combined (27.6kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "blasphemous libel"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "libel tourism"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*lewbʰ- (cut off)"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "libel"
},
"expansion": "Middle English libel",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "libelle"
},
"expansion": "Old French libelle",
"name": "uder"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "libellus",
"4": "",
"5": "petition",
"lit": "booklet"
},
"expansion": "Latin libellus (“petition”, literally “booklet”)",
"name": "uder"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English libel, from Old French libelle, from Latin libellus (“petition”, literally “booklet”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "libels",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "libel (countable and uncountable, plural libels)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2002, Spider-Man",
"text": "Peter Parker: Spider-Man wasn't trying to attack the city, he was trying to save it. That's slander.J. Jonah Jameson: It is not! I resent that! Slander is spoken. In print, it's libel.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A written or pictorial false statement which unjustly seeks to damage someone's reputation."
],
"id": "en-libel-en-noun-1iXe5Uok",
"links": [
[
"written",
"written"
],
[
"pictorial",
"pictorial"
],
[
"false",
"false"
],
[
"statement",
"statement"
],
[
"unjustly",
"unjustly"
],
[
"damage",
"damage"
],
[
"reputation",
"reputation"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(countable) A written or pictorial false statement which unjustly seeks to damage someone's reputation."
],
"tags": [
"countable"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"The act or tort of displaying such a statement publicly."
],
"id": "en-libel-en-noun-cVTf3w4-",
"links": [
[
"act",
"act"
],
[
"tort",
"tort"
],
[
"publicly",
"publicly"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(uncountable) The act or tort of displaying such a statement publicly."
],
"tags": [
"uncountable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "0 100 0 0 0",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "zrpartutʻyun",
"sense": "act or crime",
"word": "զրպարտություն"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100 0 0 0",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "act or crime",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "difamació"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100 0 0 0",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "act or crime",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "pomluva"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100 0 0 0",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "act or crime",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "injurie"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100 0 0 0",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "act or crime",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "ærekrænkelse"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100 0 0 0",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "act or crime",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "æresfornærmelse"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100 0 0 0",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "act or crime",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "bagvaskelse"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100 0 0 0",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "act or crime",
"word": "kirjallinen kunnianloukkaus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100 0 0 0",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "act or crime",
"word": "calomnie f écrite"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100 0 0 0",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "act or crime",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "schriftliche Verleumdung"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100 0 0 0",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "sykofantikí dysfímisi",
"sense": "act or crime",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "συκοφαντική δυσφήμηση"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100 0 0 0",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "act or crime",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "leabhal"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100 0 0 0",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "act or crime",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "diffamazione"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100 0 0 0",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "act or crime",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "difamação"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100 0 0 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "klevetá",
"sense": "act or crime",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "клевета́"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100 0 0 0",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "diffamácija",
"sense": "act or crime",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "диффама́ция"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100 0 0 0",
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"sense": "act or crime",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "calugna"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100 0 0 0",
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"sense": "act or crime",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "diffamazziuni"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100 0 0 0",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "act or crime",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "difamación"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100 0 0 0",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "act or crime",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "förtal"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100 0 0 0",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "act or crime",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "ärekränkning"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100 0 0 0",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "act or crime",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "enllib"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "5 9 20 29 26 5 7",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Crime",
"orig": "en:Crime",
"parents": [
"Criminal law",
"Society",
"Law",
"All topics",
"Justice",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 9 19 28 28 5 8",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Law",
"orig": "en:Law",
"parents": [
"Justice",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Any defamatory writing; a lampoon; a satire."
],
"id": "en-libel-en-noun-p3FuXEPd",
"links": [
[
"defamatory",
"defamatory"
],
[
"writing",
"writing"
],
[
"lampoon",
"lampoon"
],
[
"satire",
"satire"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(countable) Any defamatory writing; a lampoon; a satire."
],
"tags": [
"countable"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "3 3 67 4 23",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "paskvil",
"sense": "any defamatory writing",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "пасквил"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 3 67 4 23",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "any defamatory writing",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "smædeskrift"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 3 67 4 23",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "any defamatory writing",
"word": "smaadschrift"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 3 67 4 23",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "any defamatory writing",
"word": "Schmähschrift"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 3 67 4 23",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "livellográfima",
"sense": "any defamatory writing",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "λιβελλογράφημα"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 3 67 4 23",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "sátira",
"sense": "any defamatory writing",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "σάτιρα"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 3 67 4 23",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "any defamatory writing",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "difamação"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 3 67 4 23",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "any defamatory writing",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "libelo"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 3 67 4 23",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "paskvilʹ",
"sense": "any defamatory writing",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "пасквиль"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 3 67 4 23",
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"sense": "any defamatory writing",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "calugna"
},
{
"_dis1": "3 3 67 4 23",
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"sense": "any defamatory writing",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "diffamazziuni"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Law",
"orig": "en:Law",
"parents": [
"Justice",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "5 9 20 29 26 5 7",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Crime",
"orig": "en:Crime",
"parents": [
"Criminal law",
"Society",
"Law",
"All topics",
"Justice",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 9 19 28 28 5 8",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Law",
"orig": "en:Law",
"parents": [
"Justice",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1873, United States Supreme Court, The Rio Grande, 86 U.S. 178,179",
"text": "These provisions of law being in force, the steamer Rio Grande, owned, as was alleged, by persons in Mexico, being in the port of Mobile, in the Southern District of Alabama, certain materialmen, on the 26th of November, 1867, filed separate libels against her in the district court for the said district."
}
],
"glosses": [
"A written declaration or statement by the plaintiff of their cause of action, and of the relief they seek."
],
"id": "en-libel-en-noun-GuLBOg4p",
"links": [
[
"law",
"law#English"
],
[
"plaintiff",
"plaintiff"
],
[
"action",
"action"
],
[
"relief",
"relief"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(law, countable) A written declaration or statement by the plaintiff of their cause of action, and of the relief they seek."
],
"tags": [
"countable"
],
"topics": [
"law"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "14 10 9 58 9",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "statement by the plaintiff",
"word": "kunnianloukkauskanne"
},
{
"_dis1": "14 10 9 58 9",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "statement by the plaintiff",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "libelo"
},
{
"_dis1": "14 10 9 58 9",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "žáloba",
"sense": "statement by the plaintiff",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "жа́лоба"
},
{
"_dis1": "14 10 9 58 9",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "iskovoje zajavlénije",
"sense": "statement by the plaintiff",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "исковое заявле́ние"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "5 9 20 29 26 5 7",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Crime",
"orig": "en:Crime",
"parents": [
"Criminal law",
"Society",
"Law",
"All topics",
"Justice",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 9 19 28 28 5 8",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Law",
"orig": "en:Law",
"parents": [
"Justice",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "a libel of forsaking [divorcement]",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A brief writing of any kind, especially a declaration, bill, certificate, request, supplication, etc."
],
"id": "en-libel-en-noun-1T7AIBlT",
"raw_glosses": [
"(countable) A brief writing of any kind, especially a declaration, bill, certificate, request, supplication, etc."
],
"tags": [
"countable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈlaɪbəl/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-aɪbəl"
},
{
"audio": "En-us-libel.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/bd/En-us-libel.ogg/En-us-libel.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bd/En-us-libel.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
},
{
"enpr": "līʹbəl"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "30 10 29 21 10",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "zrpartutʻyun",
"sense": "defamatory false written statement",
"word": "զրպարտություն"
},
{
"_dis1": "30 10 29 21 10",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "kleveta",
"sense": "defamatory false written statement",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "клевета"
},
{
"_dis1": "30 10 29 21 10",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "donos",
"sense": "defamatory false written statement",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "донос"
},
{
"_dis1": "30 10 29 21 10",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "defamatory false written statement",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "libel"
},
{
"_dis1": "30 10 29 21 10",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "defamatory false written statement",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "hanopis"
},
{
"_dis1": "30 10 29 21 10",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "defamatory false written statement",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "injurie"
},
{
"_dis1": "30 10 29 21 10",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "defamatory false written statement",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "ærekrænkelse"
},
{
"_dis1": "30 10 29 21 10",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "defamatory false written statement",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "æresfornærmelse"
},
{
"_dis1": "30 10 29 21 10",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "defamatory false written statement",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "bagvaskelse"
},
{
"_dis1": "30 10 29 21 10",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "defamatory false written statement",
"word": "kirjallinen kunnianloukkaus"
},
{
"_dis1": "30 10 29 21 10",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "defamatory false written statement",
"word": "kirjallinen herjaus"
},
{
"_dis1": "30 10 29 21 10",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "defamatory false written statement",
"word": "häväistyskirjoitus"
},
{
"_dis1": "30 10 29 21 10",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "defamatory false written statement",
"word": "calomnie f écrite"
},
{
"_dis1": "30 10 29 21 10",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "defamatory false written statement",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "libelle"
},
{
"_dis1": "30 10 29 21 10",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "defamatory false written statement",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "schriftliche Verleumdung"
},
{
"_dis1": "30 10 29 21 10",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "lívellos",
"sense": "defamatory false written statement",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "λίβελλος"
},
{
"_dis1": "30 10 29 21 10",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "livellográfima",
"sense": "defamatory false written statement",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "λιβελλογράφημα"
},
{
"_dis1": "30 10 29 21 10",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "defamatory false written statement",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "calúnia"
},
{
"_dis1": "30 10 29 21 10",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "klevetá",
"sense": "defamatory false written statement",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "клевета́"
},
{
"_dis1": "30 10 29 21 10",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "diffamácija",
"sense": "defamatory false written statement",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "диффама́ция"
},
{
"_dis1": "30 10 29 21 10",
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"sense": "defamatory false written statement",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "calugna"
},
{
"_dis1": "30 10 29 21 10",
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"sense": "defamatory false written statement",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "diffamazziuni"
},
{
"_dis1": "30 10 29 21 10",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "defamatory false written statement",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "libelo"
},
{
"_dis1": "30 10 29 21 10",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "defamatory false written statement",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "calumnia"
},
{
"_dis1": "30 10 29 21 10",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "defamatory false written statement",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "förtal"
},
{
"_dis1": "30 10 29 21 10",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "defamatory false written statement",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "ärekränkning"
},
{
"_dis1": "30 10 29 21 10",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "defamatory false written statement",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "smädeskrift"
},
{
"_dis1": "30 10 29 21 10",
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "defamatory false written statement",
"word": "paninirang-puri"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"libel"
],
"word": "libel"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "blood libel"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "libelant"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "libel chill"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "libelee"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "libeler"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "libelist"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "libelous"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*lewbʰ- (cut off)"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "libel"
},
"expansion": "Middle English libel",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "libelle"
},
"expansion": "Old French libelle",
"name": "uder"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "libellus",
"4": "",
"5": "petition",
"lit": "booklet"
},
"expansion": "Latin libellus (“petition”, literally “booklet”)",
"name": "uder"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English libel, from Old French libelle, from Latin libellus (“petition”, literally “booklet”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "libels",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "libelling",
"tags": [
"UK",
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "libeling",
"tags": [
"US",
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "libelled",
"tags": [
"UK",
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "libelled",
"tags": [
"UK",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "libeled",
"tags": [
"US",
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "libeled",
"tags": [
"US",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "++",
"past2": "libeled",
"past2_qual": "US",
"past_qual": "UK",
"pres_ptc2": "libeling",
"pres_ptc2_qual": "US",
"pres_ptc_qual": "UK"
},
"expansion": "libel (third-person singular simple present libels, present participle (UK) libelling or (US) libeling, simple past and past participle (UK) libelled or (US) libeled)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "defamation"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "defame"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "slander"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "10 10 14 14 13 36 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 9 15 21 15 27 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 10 14 15 13 30 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English undefined derivations",
"parents": [
"Undefined derivations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 10 8 1 5 3 5 6 4 16 1 12 12 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "He libelled her when he published that.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To defame (someone), especially in a manner that meets the legal definition of libel."
],
"id": "en-libel-en-verb-GE8TItXA",
"links": [
[
"defame",
"defame"
],
[
"manner",
"manner#Noun"
],
[
"meets",
"meet#Verb"
],
[
"legal",
"legal"
],
[
"definition",
"definition"
],
[
"libel",
"libel#Noun"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "defame"
}
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "klevetja",
"sense": "to defame someone",
"word": "клеветя"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "zlepostavjam",
"sense": "to defame someone",
"word": "злепоставям"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "to defame someone",
"word": "讒謗"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "chánbàng",
"sense": "to defame someone",
"word": "谗谤"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to defame someone",
"word": "pomluvit"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "to defame someone",
"word": "bagtale"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "to defame someone",
"word": "bagvaske"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"note": "loukata jonkun kunniaa kirjallisesti",
"sense": "to defame someone"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to defame someone",
"word": "difamar"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to defame someone",
"word": "(schriftlich) verleumden"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "diabállō",
"sense": "to defame someone",
"word": "διαβάλλω"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to defame someone",
"word": "rágalmaz"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "kleveti",
"sense": "to defame someone",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "клевети"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "nakleveti",
"sense": "to defame someone",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "наклевети"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "to defame someone",
"word": "defăima"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "klevetátʹ",
"sense": "to defame someone",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "клевета́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "naklevetátʹ",
"sense": "to defame someone",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "наклевета́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "oklevetatʹ",
"sense": "to defame someone",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "оклеветать"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "diskreditirovatʹ",
"sense": "to defame someone",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"perfective"
],
"word": "дискредитировать"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "pozoritʹ",
"sense": "to defame someone",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "позорить"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "opozoritʹ",
"sense": "to defame someone",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "опозорить"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "to defame someone",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "ohovoriť"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to defame someone",
"word": "förtala"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to defame someone",
"word": "ärekränka"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to defame someone",
"word": "smutskasta"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "to defame someone",
"word": "hakaret etmek"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "to defame someone",
"word": "iftira etmek"
},
{
"_dis1": "99 1",
"code": "tr",
"english": "somebody",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "to defame someone",
"word": "karalamak"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To proceed against (goods, a ship, etc.) by filing a legal claim."
],
"id": "en-libel-en-verb-hE6Rxmu8",
"links": [
[
"proceed",
"proceed"
],
[
"goods",
"good#Noun"
],
[
"ship",
"ship#Noun"
],
[
"filing",
"file#Verb"
],
[
"claim",
"claim#Noun"
]
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈlaɪbəl/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-aɪbəl"
},
{
"audio": "En-us-libel.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/bd/En-us-libel.ogg/En-us-libel.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bd/En-us-libel.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
},
{
"enpr": "līʹbəl"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"libel"
],
"word": "libel"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "arw",
"2": "bibiri",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Lokono: bibiri",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Lokono: bibiri"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "la",
"3": "libella"
},
"expansion": "Latin libella",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "libellula"
},
"expansion": "libellula",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Latin libella or libellula.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "libellen",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "libelletje",
"tags": [
"diminutive",
"neuter"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"2": "-en",
"3": "libelletje"
},
"expansion": "libel f (plural libellen, diminutive libelletje n)",
"name": "nl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"li‧bel"
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "31 29 35 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"dragonfly, insect of the infraorder Anisoptera"
],
"id": "en-libel-nl-noun-xEF4H~qT",
"links": [
[
"dragonfly",
"dragonfly"
],
[
"Anisoptera",
"Anisoptera#Translingual"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "31 29 35 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"dragonfly or damselfly, insect of the order Odonata"
],
"hyponyms": [
{
"_dis1": "26 74",
"sense": "insect of the order Odonata",
"word": "beekjuffer"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 74",
"sense": "insect of the order Odonata",
"word": "breedscheenjuffer"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 74",
"sense": "insect of the order Odonata",
"word": "pantserjuffer"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 74",
"sense": "insect of the order Odonata",
"word": "waterjuffer"
},
{
"_dis1": "26 74",
"sense": "insect of the order Odonata",
"word": "winterjuffer"
}
],
"id": "en-libel-nl-noun-Vz7QpXqP",
"links": [
[
"dragonfly",
"dragonfly"
],
[
"damselfly",
"damselfly"
],
[
"Odonata",
"Odonata#Translingual"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/liˈbɛl/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛl"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "libelle"
}
],
"word": "libel"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "la",
"3": "libellus"
},
"expansion": "Latin libellus",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "liber",
"3": "",
"4": "book"
},
"expansion": "liber (“book”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin libellus, diminutive of liber (“book”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "libellen",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "libelletje",
"tags": [
"diminutive",
"neuter"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "n",
"2": "-en",
"3": "libelletje"
},
"expansion": "libel n (plural libellen, diminutive libelletje n)",
"name": "nl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"li‧bel"
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "31 29 35 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"booklet, notably a libel (defamatory writing)"
],
"id": "en-libel-nl-noun-B-QgOCwx",
"links": [
[
"booklet",
"booklet"
],
[
"libel",
"libel#English"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "schotschrift"
},
{
"word": "smaadschrift"
}
],
"tags": [
"neuter"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/liˈbɛl/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛl"
}
],
"word": "libel"
}
{
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "la",
"3": "libella"
},
"expansion": "Latin libella",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Latin libella.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "libellen",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "libelletje",
"tags": [
"diminutive",
"neuter"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"2": "-en",
"3": "libelletje"
},
"expansion": "libel f (plural libellen, diminutive libelletje n)",
"name": "nl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"li‧bel"
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"A vial of a level."
],
"id": "en-libel-nl-noun-yO~sXHP3",
"links": [
[
"vial",
"vial"
],
[
"level",
"level"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/liˈbɛl/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛl"
}
],
"word": "libel"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "libellus",
"3": "",
"4": "little book"
},
"expansion": "libellus (“little book”)",
"name": "l"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Ultimately from Latin libellus (“little book”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "libel",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Law",
"orig": "enm:Law",
"parents": [
"Justice",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Any short and formal written text",
"A litigant's statement of complaint, or list of charges"
],
"id": "en-libel-enm-noun-6PhDfY6w",
"links": [
[
"law",
"law#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"Any short and formal written text",
"(law) A litigant's statement of complaint, or list of charges"
],
"topics": [
"law"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Any short and formal written text",
"Any written formal complaint, particularly in marital conflicts"
],
"id": "en-libel-enm-noun-uOeianPu",
"links": [
[
"marital",
"marital"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Any short and formal written text",
"A treatise; a division of a larger work."
],
"id": "en-libel-enm-noun-AbLnB1P~",
"links": [
[
"treatise",
"treatise"
]
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "lybel"
}
],
"word": "libel"
}
{
"categories": [
"Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"Dutch feminine nouns",
"Dutch lemmas",
"Dutch nouns",
"Dutch nouns with plural in -en",
"Dutch terms borrowed from Latin",
"Dutch terms derived from Latin",
"Dutch terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English nouns",
"Rhymes:Dutch/ɛl"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "arw",
"2": "bibiri",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Lokono: bibiri",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Lokono: bibiri"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "la",
"3": "libella"
},
"expansion": "Latin libella",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "libellula"
},
"expansion": "libellula",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Latin libella or libellula.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "libellen",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "libelletje",
"tags": [
"diminutive",
"neuter"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"2": "-en",
"3": "libelletje"
},
"expansion": "libel f (plural libellen, diminutive libelletje n)",
"name": "nl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"li‧bel"
],
"hyponyms": [
{
"sense": "insect of the order Odonata",
"word": "beekjuffer"
},
{
"sense": "insect of the order Odonata",
"word": "breedscheenjuffer"
},
{
"sense": "insect of the order Odonata",
"word": "pantserjuffer"
},
{
"sense": "insect of the order Odonata",
"word": "waterjuffer"
},
{
"sense": "insect of the order Odonata",
"word": "winterjuffer"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"dragonfly, insect of the infraorder Anisoptera"
],
"links": [
[
"dragonfly",
"dragonfly"
],
[
"Anisoptera",
"Anisoptera#Translingual"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"dragonfly or damselfly, insect of the order Odonata"
],
"links": [
[
"dragonfly",
"dragonfly"
],
[
"damselfly",
"damselfly"
],
[
"Odonata",
"Odonata#Translingual"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/liˈbɛl/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛl"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "libelle"
}
],
"word": "libel"
}
{
"categories": [
"Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"Dutch feminine nouns",
"Dutch lemmas",
"Dutch neuter nouns",
"Dutch nouns",
"Dutch nouns with plural in -en",
"Dutch terms borrowed from Latin",
"Dutch terms derived from Latin",
"Dutch terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English nouns",
"Rhymes:Dutch/ɛl"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "la",
"3": "libellus"
},
"expansion": "Latin libellus",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "liber",
"3": "",
"4": "book"
},
"expansion": "liber (“book”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin libellus, diminutive of liber (“book”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "libellen",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "libelletje",
"tags": [
"diminutive",
"neuter"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "n",
"2": "-en",
"3": "libelletje"
},
"expansion": "libel n (plural libellen, diminutive libelletje n)",
"name": "nl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"li‧bel"
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"booklet, notably a libel (defamatory writing)"
],
"links": [
[
"booklet",
"booklet"
],
[
"libel",
"libel#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/liˈbɛl/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛl"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "schotschrift"
},
{
"word": "smaadschrift"
}
],
"word": "libel"
}
{
"categories": [
"Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"Dutch feminine nouns",
"Dutch lemmas",
"Dutch nouns",
"Dutch nouns with plural in -en",
"Dutch terms borrowed from Latin",
"Dutch terms derived from Latin",
"Dutch terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English nouns",
"Rhymes:Dutch/ɛl"
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "la",
"3": "libella"
},
"expansion": "Latin libella",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Latin libella.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "libellen",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "libelletje",
"tags": [
"diminutive",
"neuter"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"2": "-en",
"3": "libelletje"
},
"expansion": "libel f (plural libellen, diminutive libelletje n)",
"name": "nl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"li‧bel"
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"A vial of a level."
],
"links": [
[
"vial",
"vial"
],
[
"level",
"level"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/liˈbɛl/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɛl"
}
],
"word": "libel"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 2-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *lewbʰ- (cut off)",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English transitive verbs",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English undefined derivations",
"English verbs",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English nouns",
"Requests for review of Arabic translations",
"Requests for review of Dutch translations",
"Requests for review of French translations",
"Requests for review of Hungarian translations",
"Requests for review of Italian translations",
"Requests for review of Macedonian translations",
"Requests for review of Swedish translations",
"Requests for review of Turkish translations",
"Rhymes:English/aɪbəl",
"Rhymes:English/aɪbəl/2 syllables",
"en:Crime",
"en:Law"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "blasphemous libel"
},
{
"word": "libel tourism"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*lewbʰ- (cut off)"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "libel"
},
"expansion": "Middle English libel",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "libelle"
},
"expansion": "Old French libelle",
"name": "uder"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "libellus",
"4": "",
"5": "petition",
"lit": "booklet"
},
"expansion": "Latin libellus (“petition”, literally “booklet”)",
"name": "uder"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English libel, from Old French libelle, from Latin libellus (“petition”, literally “booklet”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "libels",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "libel (countable and uncountable, plural libels)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2002, Spider-Man",
"text": "Peter Parker: Spider-Man wasn't trying to attack the city, he was trying to save it. That's slander.J. Jonah Jameson: It is not! I resent that! Slander is spoken. In print, it's libel.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A written or pictorial false statement which unjustly seeks to damage someone's reputation."
],
"links": [
[
"written",
"written"
],
[
"pictorial",
"pictorial"
],
[
"false",
"false"
],
[
"statement",
"statement"
],
[
"unjustly",
"unjustly"
],
[
"damage",
"damage"
],
[
"reputation",
"reputation"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(countable) A written or pictorial false statement which unjustly seeks to damage someone's reputation."
],
"tags": [
"countable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English uncountable nouns"
],
"glosses": [
"The act or tort of displaying such a statement publicly."
],
"links": [
[
"act",
"act"
],
[
"tort",
"tort"
],
[
"publicly",
"publicly"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(uncountable) The act or tort of displaying such a statement publicly."
],
"tags": [
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns"
],
"glosses": [
"Any defamatory writing; a lampoon; a satire."
],
"links": [
[
"defamatory",
"defamatory"
],
[
"writing",
"writing"
],
[
"lampoon",
"lampoon"
],
[
"satire",
"satire"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(countable) Any defamatory writing; a lampoon; a satire."
],
"tags": [
"countable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"en:Law"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1873, United States Supreme Court, The Rio Grande, 86 U.S. 178,179",
"text": "These provisions of law being in force, the steamer Rio Grande, owned, as was alleged, by persons in Mexico, being in the port of Mobile, in the Southern District of Alabama, certain materialmen, on the 26th of November, 1867, filed separate libels against her in the district court for the said district."
}
],
"glosses": [
"A written declaration or statement by the plaintiff of their cause of action, and of the relief they seek."
],
"links": [
[
"law",
"law#English"
],
[
"plaintiff",
"plaintiff"
],
[
"action",
"action"
],
[
"relief",
"relief"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(law, countable) A written declaration or statement by the plaintiff of their cause of action, and of the relief they seek."
],
"tags": [
"countable"
],
"topics": [
"law"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "a libel of forsaking [divorcement]",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A brief writing of any kind, especially a declaration, bill, certificate, request, supplication, etc."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(countable) A brief writing of any kind, especially a declaration, bill, certificate, request, supplication, etc."
],
"tags": [
"countable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈlaɪbəl/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-aɪbəl"
},
{
"audio": "En-us-libel.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/bd/En-us-libel.ogg/En-us-libel.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bd/En-us-libel.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
},
{
"enpr": "līʹbəl"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "zrpartutʻyun",
"sense": "defamatory false written statement",
"word": "զրպարտություն"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "kleveta",
"sense": "defamatory false written statement",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "клевета"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "donos",
"sense": "defamatory false written statement",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "донос"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "defamatory false written statement",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "libel"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "defamatory false written statement",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "hanopis"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "defamatory false written statement",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "injurie"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "defamatory false written statement",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "ærekrænkelse"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "defamatory false written statement",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "æresfornærmelse"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "defamatory false written statement",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "bagvaskelse"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "defamatory false written statement",
"word": "kirjallinen kunnianloukkaus"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "defamatory false written statement",
"word": "kirjallinen herjaus"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "defamatory false written statement",
"word": "häväistyskirjoitus"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "defamatory false written statement",
"word": "calomnie f écrite"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "defamatory false written statement",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "libelle"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "defamatory false written statement",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "schriftliche Verleumdung"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "lívellos",
"sense": "defamatory false written statement",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "λίβελλος"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "livellográfima",
"sense": "defamatory false written statement",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "λιβελλογράφημα"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "defamatory false written statement",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "calúnia"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "klevetá",
"sense": "defamatory false written statement",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "клевета́"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "diffamácija",
"sense": "defamatory false written statement",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "диффама́ция"
},
{
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"sense": "defamatory false written statement",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "calugna"
},
{
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"sense": "defamatory false written statement",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "diffamazziuni"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "defamatory false written statement",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "libelo"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "defamatory false written statement",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "calumnia"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "defamatory false written statement",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "förtal"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "defamatory false written statement",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "ärekränkning"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "defamatory false written statement",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "smädeskrift"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "defamatory false written statement",
"word": "paninirang-puri"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "zrpartutʻyun",
"sense": "act or crime",
"word": "զրպարտություն"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "act or crime",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "difamació"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "act or crime",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "pomluva"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "act or crime",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "injurie"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "act or crime",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "ærekrænkelse"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "act or crime",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "æresfornærmelse"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "act or crime",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "bagvaskelse"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "act or crime",
"word": "kirjallinen kunnianloukkaus"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "act or crime",
"word": "calomnie f écrite"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "act or crime",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "schriftliche Verleumdung"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "sykofantikí dysfímisi",
"sense": "act or crime",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "συκοφαντική δυσφήμηση"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "act or crime",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "leabhal"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "act or crime",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "diffamazione"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "act or crime",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "difamação"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "klevetá",
"sense": "act or crime",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "клевета́"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "diffamácija",
"sense": "act or crime",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "диффама́ция"
},
{
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"sense": "act or crime",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "calugna"
},
{
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"sense": "act or crime",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "diffamazziuni"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "act or crime",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "difamación"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "act or crime",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "förtal"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "act or crime",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "ärekränkning"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "act or crime",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "enllib"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "statement by the plaintiff",
"word": "kunnianloukkauskanne"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "statement by the plaintiff",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "libelo"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "žáloba",
"sense": "statement by the plaintiff",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "жа́лоба"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "iskovoje zajavlénije",
"sense": "statement by the plaintiff",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "исковое заявле́ние"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "paskvil",
"sense": "any defamatory writing",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "пасквил"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "any defamatory writing",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "smædeskrift"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "any defamatory writing",
"word": "smaadschrift"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "any defamatory writing",
"word": "Schmähschrift"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "livellográfima",
"sense": "any defamatory writing",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "λιβελλογράφημα"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "sátira",
"sense": "any defamatory writing",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "σάτιρα"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "any defamatory writing",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "difamação"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "any defamatory writing",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "libelo"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "paskvilʹ",
"sense": "any defamatory writing",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "пасквиль"
},
{
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"sense": "any defamatory writing",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "calugna"
},
{
"code": "scn",
"lang": "Sicilian",
"sense": "any defamatory writing",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "diffamazziuni"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"libel"
],
"word": "libel"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 2-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *lewbʰ- (cut off)",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English transitive verbs",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English undefined derivations",
"English verbs",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English nouns",
"Requests for review of Arabic translations",
"Requests for review of Dutch translations",
"Requests for review of French translations",
"Requests for review of Hungarian translations",
"Requests for review of Italian translations",
"Requests for review of Macedonian translations",
"Requests for review of Swedish translations",
"Requests for review of Turkish translations",
"Rhymes:English/aɪbəl",
"Rhymes:English/aɪbəl/2 syllables",
"en:Crime",
"en:Law"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "blood libel"
},
{
"word": "libelant"
},
{
"word": "libel chill"
},
{
"word": "libelee"
},
{
"word": "libeler"
},
{
"word": "libelist"
},
{
"word": "libelous"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*lewbʰ- (cut off)"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "libel"
},
"expansion": "Middle English libel",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "libelle"
},
"expansion": "Old French libelle",
"name": "uder"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "libellus",
"4": "",
"5": "petition",
"lit": "booklet"
},
"expansion": "Latin libellus (“petition”, literally “booklet”)",
"name": "uder"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English libel, from Old French libelle, from Latin libellus (“petition”, literally “booklet”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "libels",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "libelling",
"tags": [
"UK",
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "libeling",
"tags": [
"US",
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "libelled",
"tags": [
"UK",
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "libelled",
"tags": [
"UK",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "libeled",
"tags": [
"US",
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "libeled",
"tags": [
"US",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "++",
"past2": "libeled",
"past2_qual": "US",
"past_qual": "UK",
"pres_ptc2": "libeling",
"pres_ptc2_qual": "US",
"pres_ptc_qual": "UK"
},
"expansion": "libel (third-person singular simple present libels, present participle (UK) libelling or (US) libeling, simple past and past participle (UK) libelled or (US) libeled)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"word": "defamation"
},
{
"word": "defame"
},
{
"word": "slander"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "He libelled her when he published that.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To defame (someone), especially in a manner that meets the legal definition of libel."
],
"links": [
[
"defame",
"defame"
],
[
"manner",
"manner#Noun"
],
[
"meets",
"meet#Verb"
],
[
"legal",
"legal"
],
[
"definition",
"definition"
],
[
"libel",
"libel#Noun"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "defame"
}
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To proceed against (goods, a ship, etc.) by filing a legal claim."
],
"links": [
[
"proceed",
"proceed"
],
[
"goods",
"good#Noun"
],
[
"ship",
"ship#Noun"
],
[
"filing",
"file#Verb"
],
[
"claim",
"claim#Noun"
]
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈlaɪbəl/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-aɪbəl"
},
{
"audio": "En-us-libel.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/bd/En-us-libel.ogg/En-us-libel.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bd/En-us-libel.ogg",
"tags": [
"US"
],
"text": "Audio (US)"
},
{
"enpr": "līʹbəl"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "klevetja",
"sense": "to defame someone",
"word": "клеветя"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "zlepostavjam",
"sense": "to defame someone",
"word": "злепоставям"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "to defame someone",
"word": "讒謗"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "chánbàng",
"sense": "to defame someone",
"word": "谗谤"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "to defame someone",
"word": "pomluvit"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "to defame someone",
"word": "bagtale"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "to defame someone",
"word": "bagvaske"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"note": "loukata jonkun kunniaa kirjallisesti",
"sense": "to defame someone"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "to defame someone",
"word": "difamar"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "to defame someone",
"word": "(schriftlich) verleumden"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "diabállō",
"sense": "to defame someone",
"word": "διαβάλλω"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "to defame someone",
"word": "rágalmaz"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "kleveti",
"sense": "to defame someone",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "клевети"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "nakleveti",
"sense": "to defame someone",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "наклевети"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "to defame someone",
"word": "defăima"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "klevetátʹ",
"sense": "to defame someone",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "клевета́ть"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "naklevetátʹ",
"sense": "to defame someone",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "наклевета́ть"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "oklevetatʹ",
"sense": "to defame someone",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "оклеветать"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "diskreditirovatʹ",
"sense": "to defame someone",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"perfective"
],
"word": "дискредитировать"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "pozoritʹ",
"sense": "to defame someone",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "позорить"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "opozoritʹ",
"sense": "to defame someone",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "опозорить"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "to defame someone",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "ohovoriť"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to defame someone",
"word": "förtala"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to defame someone",
"word": "ärekränka"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "to defame someone",
"word": "smutskasta"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "to defame someone",
"word": "hakaret etmek"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "to defame someone",
"word": "iftira etmek"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"english": "somebody",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "to defame someone",
"word": "karalamak"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"libel"
],
"word": "libel"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English nouns"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "libellus",
"3": "",
"4": "little book"
},
"expansion": "libellus (“little book”)",
"name": "l"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Ultimately from Latin libellus (“little book”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "libel",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"enm:Law"
],
"glosses": [
"Any short and formal written text",
"A litigant's statement of complaint, or list of charges"
],
"links": [
[
"law",
"law#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"Any short and formal written text",
"(law) A litigant's statement of complaint, or list of charges"
],
"topics": [
"law"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Any short and formal written text",
"Any written formal complaint, particularly in marital conflicts"
],
"links": [
[
"marital",
"marital"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Any short and formal written text",
"A treatise; a division of a larger work."
],
"links": [
[
"treatise",
"treatise"
]
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "lybel"
}
],
"word": "libel"
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1698",
"msg": "unrecognized head form: law",
"path": [
"libel"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "libel",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "translations/609-20230504",
"msg": "Translation too long compared to word, so it is skipped",
"path": [
"libel"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "libel",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.