See kruk on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for kruk meaning in All languages combined (20.0kB)
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "nl",
"3": "kruk"
},
"expansion": "Dutch kruk",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "dum",
"3": "crucke"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch crucke",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Dutch kruk, from Middle Dutch crucke.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "krukke",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"10": "",
"11": "",
"12": "",
"13": "",
"14": "",
"15": "",
"16": "",
"17": "",
"18": "",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "plural",
"6": "krukke",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "",
"f2accel-form": "p",
"f2request": "1",
"f5accel-form": "diminutive",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "kruk (plural krukke)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "krukke"
},
"expansion": "kruk (plural krukke)",
"name": "af-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"lang_code": "af",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Afrikaans entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"crutch"
],
"id": "en-kruk-af-noun-dKvYwVhw",
"links": [
[
"crutch",
"crutch"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/krœk/"
}
],
"word": "kruk"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "baarkruk"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "barkruk"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "deurkruk"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "krukas"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "krukken"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "krukzolder"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "melkkruk"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "pianokruk"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "kruk"
},
"expansion": "Afrikaans: kruk",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Afrikaans: kruk"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "kruk",
"bor": "1",
"t": "crutch"
},
"expansion": "→ Indonesian: kruk (“crutch”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Indonesian: kruk (“crutch”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pap",
"2": "krùk",
"3": "kruk",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Papiamentu: krùk, kruk",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dated"
},
"expansion": "(dated)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "→ Papiamentu: krùk, kruk (dated)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "kruk",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ West Frisian: kruk",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ West Frisian: kruk"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "dum",
"3": "crucke"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch crucke",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "odt",
"3": "*krukka"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch *krukka",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "frk",
"3": "*krukkju"
},
"expansion": "Frankish *krukkju",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*krukjō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *krukjō",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Dutch crucke, from Old Dutch *krukka, from Frankish *krukkju, from Proto-Germanic *krukjō.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "krukken",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "krukje",
"tags": [
"diminutive",
"neuter"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"2": "-en",
"3": "krukje"
},
"expansion": "kruk f (plural krukken, diminutive krukje n)",
"name": "nl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"kruk"
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"stool (piece of furniture without back or armrests)"
],
"id": "en-kruk-nl-noun-BEc13odx",
"links": [
[
"stool",
"stool"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"crutch (device to assist in motion)"
],
"id": "en-kruk-nl-noun-JPrquZXZ",
"links": [
[
"crutch",
"crutch"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"handle"
],
"id": "en-kruk-nl-noun-wqEWqpEN",
"links": [
[
"handle",
"handle"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/krʏk/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʏk"
},
{
"audio": "Nl-kruk.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/45/Nl-kruk.ogg/Nl-kruk.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/45/Nl-kruk.ogg",
"text": "audio"
}
],
"word": "kruk"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"name": "nonlemma"
}
],
"etymology_text": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "kruk",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"kruk"
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "20 21 0 40 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "krukken"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of krukken:\n## first-person singular present indicative\n## imperative",
"first-person singular present indicative"
],
"id": "en-kruk-nl-verb-vbwooD4t",
"links": [
[
"krukken",
"krukken#Dutch"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"inflection of krukken:\n"
],
"tags": [
"first-person",
"form-of",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "krukken"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of krukken:\n## first-person singular present indicative\n## imperative",
"imperative"
],
"id": "en-kruk-nl-verb-jJf-O8cn",
"links": [
[
"krukken",
"krukken#Dutch"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"inflection of krukken:\n"
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"imperative"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/krʏk/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʏk"
},
{
"audio": "Nl-kruk.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/45/Nl-kruk.ogg/Nl-kruk.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/45/Nl-kruk.ogg",
"text": "audio"
}
],
"word": "kruk"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "nl",
"3": "kruk"
},
"expansion": "Dutch kruk",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Dutch kruk.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "krukku",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "krukmu",
"tags": [
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kruknya",
"tags": [
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "kruk (first-person possessive krukku, second-person possessive krukmu, third-person possessive kruknya)",
"name": "id-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Indonesian",
"lang_code": "id",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Indonesian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Indonesian terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant script codes",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "id",
"name": "Surgery",
"orig": "id:Surgery",
"parents": [
"Medicine",
"Biology",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"crutch."
],
"id": "en-kruk-id-noun-1JSYQZ5G",
"links": [
[
"surgery",
"surgery"
],
[
"crutch",
"crutch#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(surgery) crutch."
],
"topics": [
"medicine",
"sciences",
"surgery"
],
"wikipedia": [
"id:kruk"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/krʊk/"
}
],
"word": "kruk"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "loanword",
"2": "Borrowed"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "csb",
"2": "de",
"3": "Krug",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "German Krug",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "csb",
"2": "de",
"3": "Krug"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from German Krug",
"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from German Krug.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "csb-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "kruk",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kruczi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kruka",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kruków",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "krukòwi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "krukóm",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kruka",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kruczi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "krukã",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "krukama",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "krukù",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "krukach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "krukù",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kruczi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m-in"
},
"expansion": "kruk m inan",
"name": "csb-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"kruk"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kruk",
"10": "krukóm",
"11": "kruczi",
"12": "krukama",
"13": "krukach",
"14": "kruczi",
"2": "kruka",
"3": "krukòwi",
"4": "kruka",
"5": "krukã",
"6": "krukù",
"7": "krukù",
"8": "kruczi",
"9": "kruków"
},
"name": "csb-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Kashubian",
"lang_code": "csb",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"pitcher, jug"
],
"id": "en-kruk-csb-noun-HBZxr2Jh",
"links": [
[
"pitcher",
"pitcher"
],
[
"jug",
"jug"
]
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "9 91",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Kashubian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hot water bottle"
],
"id": "en-kruk-csb-noun-a8Wup4bz",
"links": [
[
"hot water bottle",
"hot water bottle"
]
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkruk/"
}
],
"word": "kruk"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*krukъ",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *krukъ",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*krukъ"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *krukъ",
"name": "inh+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *krukъ.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kruczek",
"tags": [
"diminutive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-masc-ani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "kruk",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kruki",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kruka",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kruków",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "krukowi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "krukom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kruka",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kruki",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "krukiem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "krukami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kruku",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "krukach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kruku",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kruki",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m-anml",
"dim": "kruczek"
},
"expansion": "kruk m animal (diminutive kruczek)",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"kruk"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kru",
"2": "k"
},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-masc-ani"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "79 16 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "72 15 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with manual fragments",
"parents": [
"Links with manual fragments",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "80 13 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "83 11 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "80 6 14",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Corvids",
"orig": "pl:Corvids",
"parents": [
"Corvoid birds",
"Perching birds",
"Birds",
"Vertebrates",
"Chordates",
"Animals",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "100 0 0",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "People",
"orig": "pl:People",
"parents": [
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "52 14 34",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Tools",
"orig": "pl:Tools",
"parents": [
"Technology",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "kruczy"
},
{
"word": "krukowaty"
},
{
"word": "biały kruk"
},
{
"word": "krucz"
},
{
"word": "kruczek"
},
{
"word": "kruczę"
},
{
"word": "kruk krukowi oka nie wykole"
},
{
"word": "rozdziobią nas kruki i wrony"
}
],
"glosses": [
"raven, especially the common raven (Corvus corax)"
],
"id": "en-kruk-pl-noun-xLWPmlHL",
"links": [
[
"raven",
"raven"
],
[
"common raven",
"common raven"
],
[
"Corvus corax",
"Corvus corax#Translingual"
]
],
"related": [
{
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "kruczeć"
},
{
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "krukać"
}
],
"tags": [
"animal-not-person",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kruk/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-uk"
},
{
"homophone": "Kruk"
}
],
"word": "kruk"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*krukъ",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *krukъ",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*krukъ"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *krukъ",
"name": "inh+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *krukъ.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m-pr"
},
"expansion": "kruk m pers",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"kruk"
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Warsaw Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"unemployed person"
],
"id": "en-kruk-pl-noun-MJ11ImnL",
"links": [
[
"unemployed",
"unemployed"
]
],
"qualifier": "Warsaw",
"raw_glosses": [
"(Warsaw) unemployed person"
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"person"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kruk/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-uk"
},
{
"homophone": "Kruk"
}
],
"word": "kruk"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "loanword",
"2": "Borrowed"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "uk",
"3": "крюк",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Ukrainian крюк (krjuk)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "uk",
"3": "крюк"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Ukrainian крюк (krjuk)",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "orv",
"3": "крюкъ"
},
"expansion": "Old East Slavic крюкъ (krjukŭ)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "non",
"3": "krókr"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse krókr",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*krōkaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *krōkaz",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Ukrainian крюк (krjuk), from Old East Slavic крюкъ (krjukŭ), from Old Norse krókr, from Proto-Germanic *krōkaz.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-m-in",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "kruk",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kruki",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kruku",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kruków",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "krukowi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "krukom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kruk",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kruki",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "krukiem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "krukami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kruku",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "krukach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kruku",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kruki",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m-in"
},
"expansion": "kruk m inan",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"kruk"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-m-in"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Regional Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"fire iron, poker"
],
"id": "en-kruk-pl-noun-vUKb~2ae",
"links": [
[
"regional",
"regional#English"
],
[
"fire iron",
"fire iron"
],
[
"poker",
"poker"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(regional) fire iron, poker"
],
"related": [
{
"word": "kruczek"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "pogrzebacz"
}
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine",
"regional"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kruk/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-uk"
},
{
"homophone": "Kruk"
}
],
"word": "kruk"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "nl",
"3": "kruk"
},
"expansion": "Dutch kruk",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "dum",
"3": "crucke"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch crucke",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Dutch kruk, from Middle Dutch crucke.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "krukken",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"10": "{{{pl3}}}",
"11": "",
"12": "",
"13": "",
"14": "{{{3}}}",
"15": "",
"16": "{{{dim2}}}",
"17": "",
"18": "{{{dim3}}}",
"2": "nouns",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "plural",
"6": "krukken",
"7": "",
"8": "{{{pl2}}}",
"9": "",
"f2accel-form": "p",
"f2request": "1",
"f6accel-form": "diminutive",
"g": "c",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "kruk c (plural krukken)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "c",
"2": "krukken"
},
"expansion": "kruk c (plural krukken)",
"name": "fy-noun"
}
],
"lang": "West Frisian",
"lang_code": "fy",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "West Frisian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"crutch"
],
"id": "en-kruk-fy-noun-dKvYwVhw",
"links": [
[
"crutch",
"crutch"
]
],
"tags": [
"common-gender"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/krøk/"
}
],
"word": "kruk"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mww",
"2": "rau"
},
"expansion": "White Hmong: rau",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "White Hmong: rau"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hmx-pro",
"2": "sit-pro",
"3": "*d-k-ruk"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Sino-Tibetan *d-k-ruk",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *d-k-ruk. Benedict (1987) reconstructs *truk for \"Donor-Miao-Yao\" (the Tibeto-Burman language that was the source of the Proto-Hmong-Mien word).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hmx-pro",
"2": "numeral"
},
"expansion": "*kruk",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Hmong-Mien",
"lang_code": "hmx-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Hmong-Mien/kruk",
"pos": "num",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Hmong-Mien entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"six"
],
"id": "en-kruk-hmx-pro-num-RHeNgjZe",
"links": [
[
"six",
"six#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "kruk"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "nl",
"3": "kruk"
},
"expansion": "Dutch kruk",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "dum",
"3": "crucke"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch crucke",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Dutch kruk, from Middle Dutch crucke.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "krukke",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"10": "",
"11": "",
"12": "",
"13": "",
"14": "",
"15": "",
"16": "",
"17": "",
"18": "",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "plural",
"6": "krukke",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"9": "",
"f2accel-form": "p",
"f2request": "1",
"f5accel-form": "diminutive",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "kruk (plural krukke)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "krukke"
},
"expansion": "kruk (plural krukke)",
"name": "af-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"lang_code": "af",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Afrikaans entries with incorrect language header",
"Afrikaans lemmas",
"Afrikaans nouns",
"Afrikaans terms derived from Dutch",
"Afrikaans terms derived from Middle Dutch",
"Afrikaans terms inherited from Dutch",
"Afrikaans terms inherited from Middle Dutch",
"Afrikaans terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"glosses": [
"crutch"
],
"links": [
[
"crutch",
"crutch"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/krœk/"
}
],
"word": "kruk"
}
{
"categories": [
"Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"Dutch feminine nouns",
"Dutch lemmas",
"Dutch non-lemma forms",
"Dutch nouns",
"Dutch nouns with plural in -en",
"Dutch terms derived from Frankish",
"Dutch terms derived from Middle Dutch",
"Dutch terms derived from Old Dutch",
"Dutch terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Dutch terms inherited from Frankish",
"Dutch terms inherited from Middle Dutch",
"Dutch terms inherited from Old Dutch",
"Dutch terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Dutch terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Dutch terms with audio links",
"Dutch verb forms",
"Rhymes:Dutch/ʏk",
"Rhymes:Dutch/ʏk/1 syllable"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "baarkruk"
},
{
"word": "barkruk"
},
{
"word": "deurkruk"
},
{
"word": "krukas"
},
{
"word": "krukken"
},
{
"word": "krukzolder"
},
{
"word": "melkkruk"
},
{
"word": "pianokruk"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "kruk"
},
"expansion": "Afrikaans: kruk",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Afrikaans: kruk"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "kruk",
"bor": "1",
"t": "crutch"
},
"expansion": "→ Indonesian: kruk (“crutch”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Indonesian: kruk (“crutch”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pap",
"2": "krùk",
"3": "kruk",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Papiamentu: krùk, kruk",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dated"
},
"expansion": "(dated)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "→ Papiamentu: krùk, kruk (dated)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "kruk",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ West Frisian: kruk",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ West Frisian: kruk"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "dum",
"3": "crucke"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch crucke",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "odt",
"3": "*krukka"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch *krukka",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "frk",
"3": "*krukkju"
},
"expansion": "Frankish *krukkju",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*krukjō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *krukjō",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Dutch crucke, from Old Dutch *krukka, from Frankish *krukkju, from Proto-Germanic *krukjō.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "krukken",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "krukje",
"tags": [
"diminutive",
"neuter"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"2": "-en",
"3": "krukje"
},
"expansion": "kruk f (plural krukken, diminutive krukje n)",
"name": "nl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"kruk"
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"stool (piece of furniture without back or armrests)"
],
"links": [
[
"stool",
"stool"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"crutch (device to assist in motion)"
],
"links": [
[
"crutch",
"crutch"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"handle"
],
"links": [
[
"handle",
"handle"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/krʏk/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʏk"
},
{
"audio": "Nl-kruk.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/45/Nl-kruk.ogg/Nl-kruk.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/45/Nl-kruk.ogg",
"text": "audio"
}
],
"word": "kruk"
}
{
"categories": [
"Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"Dutch non-lemma forms",
"Dutch terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Dutch terms with audio links",
"Dutch verb forms",
"Rhymes:Dutch/ʏk",
"Rhymes:Dutch/ʏk/1 syllable"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"name": "nonlemma"
}
],
"etymology_text": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "kruk",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"kruk"
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "krukken"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of krukken:\n## first-person singular present indicative\n## imperative",
"first-person singular present indicative"
],
"links": [
[
"krukken",
"krukken#Dutch"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"inflection of krukken:\n"
],
"tags": [
"first-person",
"form-of",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "krukken"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of krukken:\n## first-person singular present indicative\n## imperative",
"imperative"
],
"links": [
[
"krukken",
"krukken#Dutch"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"inflection of krukken:\n"
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"imperative"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/krʏk/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ʏk"
},
{
"audio": "Nl-kruk.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/45/Nl-kruk.ogg/Nl-kruk.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/45/Nl-kruk.ogg",
"text": "audio"
}
],
"word": "kruk"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "nl",
"3": "kruk"
},
"expansion": "Dutch kruk",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Dutch kruk.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "krukku",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "krukmu",
"tags": [
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kruknya",
"tags": [
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "kruk (first-person possessive krukku, second-person possessive krukmu, third-person possessive kruknya)",
"name": "id-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Indonesian",
"lang_code": "id",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Indonesian 1-syllable words",
"Indonesian entries with incorrect language header",
"Indonesian lemmas",
"Indonesian nouns",
"Indonesian terms borrowed from Dutch",
"Indonesian terms derived from Dutch",
"Indonesian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Indonesian terms with redundant script codes",
"Requests for plural forms in Indonesian entries",
"id:Surgery"
],
"glosses": [
"crutch."
],
"links": [
[
"surgery",
"surgery"
],
[
"crutch",
"crutch#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(surgery) crutch."
],
"topics": [
"medicine",
"sciences",
"surgery"
],
"wikipedia": [
"id:kruk"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/krʊk/"
}
],
"word": "kruk"
}
{
"categories": [
"Kashubian entries with incorrect language header",
"Kashubian inanimate nouns",
"Kashubian lemmas",
"Kashubian masculine nouns",
"Kashubian nouns",
"Kashubian terms borrowed from German",
"Kashubian terms derived from German",
"Kashubian terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "loanword",
"2": "Borrowed"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "csb",
"2": "de",
"3": "Krug",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "German Krug",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "csb",
"2": "de",
"3": "Krug"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from German Krug",
"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from German Krug.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "csb-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "kruk",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kruczi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kruka",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kruków",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "krukòwi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "krukóm",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kruka",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kruczi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "krukã",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "krukama",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "krukù",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "krukach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "krukù",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kruczi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m-in"
},
"expansion": "kruk m inan",
"name": "csb-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"kruk"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kruk",
"10": "krukóm",
"11": "kruczi",
"12": "krukama",
"13": "krukach",
"14": "kruczi",
"2": "kruka",
"3": "krukòwi",
"4": "kruka",
"5": "krukã",
"6": "krukù",
"7": "krukù",
"8": "kruczi",
"9": "kruków"
},
"name": "csb-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Kashubian",
"lang_code": "csb",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"pitcher, jug"
],
"links": [
[
"pitcher",
"pitcher"
],
[
"jug",
"jug"
]
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"hot water bottle"
],
"links": [
[
"hot water bottle",
"hot water bottle"
]
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkruk/"
}
],
"word": "kruk"
}
{
"categories": [
"Polish 1-syllable words",
"Polish animal nouns",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish inanimate nouns",
"Polish lemmas",
"Polish links with manual fragments",
"Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"Polish masculine nouns",
"Polish nouns",
"Polish personal nouns",
"Polish terms borrowed from Ukrainian",
"Polish terms derived from Old East Slavic",
"Polish terms derived from Old Norse",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Polish terms derived from Ukrainian",
"Polish terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with audio links",
"Polish terms with homophones",
"Rhymes:Polish/uk",
"Rhymes:Polish/uk/1 syllable",
"pl:Corvids",
"pl:People",
"pl:Tools"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "kruczy"
},
{
"word": "krukowaty"
},
{
"word": "biały kruk"
},
{
"word": "krucz"
},
{
"word": "kruczek"
},
{
"word": "kruczę"
},
{
"word": "kruk krukowi oka nie wykole"
},
{
"word": "rozdziobią nas kruki i wrony"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*krukъ",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *krukъ",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*krukъ"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *krukъ",
"name": "inh+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *krukъ.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kruczek",
"tags": [
"diminutive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-masc-ani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "kruk",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kruki",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kruka",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kruków",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "krukowi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "krukom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kruka",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kruki",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "krukiem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "krukami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kruku",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "krukach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kruku",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kruki",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m-anml",
"dim": "kruczek"
},
"expansion": "kruk m animal (diminutive kruczek)",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"kruk"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kru",
"2": "k"
},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-masc-ani"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "kruczeć"
},
{
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "krukać"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"raven, especially the common raven (Corvus corax)"
],
"links": [
[
"raven",
"raven"
],
[
"common raven",
"common raven"
],
[
"Corvus corax",
"Corvus corax#Translingual"
]
],
"tags": [
"animal-not-person",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kruk/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-uk"
},
{
"homophone": "Kruk"
}
],
"word": "kruk"
}
{
"categories": [
"Polish 1-syllable words",
"Polish animal nouns",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish inanimate nouns",
"Polish lemmas",
"Polish links with manual fragments",
"Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"Polish masculine nouns",
"Polish nouns",
"Polish personal nouns",
"Polish terms borrowed from Ukrainian",
"Polish terms derived from Old East Slavic",
"Polish terms derived from Old Norse",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Polish terms derived from Ukrainian",
"Polish terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with audio links",
"Polish terms with homophones",
"Rhymes:Polish/uk",
"Rhymes:Polish/uk/1 syllable",
"pl:Corvids",
"pl:People",
"pl:Tools"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*krukъ",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *krukъ",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*krukъ"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *krukъ",
"name": "inh+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *krukъ.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m-pr"
},
"expansion": "kruk m pers",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"kruk"
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Warsaw Polish"
],
"glosses": [
"unemployed person"
],
"links": [
[
"unemployed",
"unemployed"
]
],
"qualifier": "Warsaw",
"raw_glosses": [
"(Warsaw) unemployed person"
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"person"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kruk/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-uk"
},
{
"homophone": "Kruk"
}
],
"word": "kruk"
}
{
"categories": [
"Polish 1-syllable words",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish inanimate nouns",
"Polish lemmas",
"Polish links with manual fragments",
"Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"Polish masculine nouns",
"Polish nouns",
"Polish terms borrowed from Ukrainian",
"Polish terms derived from Old East Slavic",
"Polish terms derived from Old Norse",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Polish terms derived from Ukrainian",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with audio links",
"Polish terms with homophones",
"Rhymes:Polish/uk",
"Rhymes:Polish/uk/1 syllable",
"pl:Corvids",
"pl:People",
"pl:Tools"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "loanword",
"2": "Borrowed"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "uk",
"3": "крюк",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Ukrainian крюк (krjuk)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "uk",
"3": "крюк"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Ukrainian крюк (krjuk)",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "orv",
"3": "крюкъ"
},
"expansion": "Old East Slavic крюкъ (krjukŭ)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "non",
"3": "krókr"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse krókr",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*krōkaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *krōkaz",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Ukrainian крюк (krjuk), from Old East Slavic крюкъ (krjukŭ), from Old Norse krókr, from Proto-Germanic *krōkaz.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-m-in",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "kruk",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kruki",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kruku",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kruków",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "krukowi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "krukom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kruk",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kruki",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "krukiem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "krukami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kruku",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "krukach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kruku",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kruki",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m-in"
},
"expansion": "kruk m inan",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"kruk"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-m-in"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "kruczek"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Regional Polish"
],
"glosses": [
"fire iron, poker"
],
"links": [
[
"regional",
"regional#English"
],
[
"fire iron",
"fire iron"
],
[
"poker",
"poker"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(regional) fire iron, poker"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "pogrzebacz"
}
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine",
"regional"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kruk/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-uk"
},
{
"homophone": "Kruk"
}
],
"word": "kruk"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mww",
"2": "rau"
},
"expansion": "White Hmong: rau",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "White Hmong: rau"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hmx-pro",
"2": "sit-pro",
"3": "*d-k-ruk"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Sino-Tibetan *d-k-ruk",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *d-k-ruk. Benedict (1987) reconstructs *truk for \"Donor-Miao-Yao\" (the Tibeto-Burman language that was the source of the Proto-Hmong-Mien word).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hmx-pro",
"2": "numeral"
},
"expansion": "*kruk",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Hmong-Mien",
"lang_code": "hmx-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Hmong-Mien/kruk",
"pos": "num",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Proto-Hmong-Mien entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Hmong-Mien lemmas",
"Proto-Hmong-Mien numerals",
"Proto-Hmong-Mien terms derived from Proto-Sino-Tibetan"
],
"glosses": [
"six"
],
"links": [
[
"six",
"six#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "kruk"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "nl",
"3": "kruk"
},
"expansion": "Dutch kruk",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "dum",
"3": "crucke"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch crucke",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Dutch kruk, from Middle Dutch crucke.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "krukken",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"10": "{{{pl3}}}",
"11": "",
"12": "",
"13": "",
"14": "{{{3}}}",
"15": "",
"16": "{{{dim2}}}",
"17": "",
"18": "{{{dim3}}}",
"2": "nouns",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "plural",
"6": "krukken",
"7": "",
"8": "{{{pl2}}}",
"9": "",
"f2accel-form": "p",
"f2request": "1",
"f6accel-form": "diminutive",
"g": "c",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "kruk c (plural krukken)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "c",
"2": "krukken"
},
"expansion": "kruk c (plural krukken)",
"name": "fy-noun"
}
],
"lang": "West Frisian",
"lang_code": "fy",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"West Frisian common-gender nouns",
"West Frisian entries with incorrect language header",
"West Frisian lemmas",
"West Frisian nouns",
"West Frisian terms borrowed from Dutch",
"West Frisian terms derived from Dutch",
"West Frisian terms derived from Middle Dutch",
"West Frisian terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"glosses": [
"crutch"
],
"links": [
[
"crutch",
"crutch"
]
],
"tags": [
"common-gender"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/krøk/"
}
],
"word": "kruk"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.