See kruk in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
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},
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{
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"id": "",
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},
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],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *krukъ.",
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{
"form": "kruczek",
"tags": [
"diminutive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
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"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-masc-ani",
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{
"form": "kruk",
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"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kruki",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kruka",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kruków",
"source": "declension",
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"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "krukowi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "krukom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kruka",
"source": "declension",
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"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kruki",
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"accusative",
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]
},
{
"form": "krukiem",
"source": "declension",
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"instrumental",
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{
"form": "krukami",
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"instrumental",
"plural"
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},
{
"form": "kruku",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
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},
{
"form": "krukach",
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"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kruku",
"source": "declension",
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"singular",
"vocative"
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},
{
"form": "kruki",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
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"args": {
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],
"hyphenation": [
"kruk"
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"pos": "noun",
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{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "72 20 8",
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"source": "w+disamb"
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{
"_dis": "69 17 14",
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{
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{
"_dis": "75 16 8",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "80 6 15",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Corvids",
"orig": "pl:Corvids",
"parents": [
"Corvoid birds",
"Perching birds",
"Birds",
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"Chordates",
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"All topics",
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"Nature"
],
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},
{
"_dis": "100 0 0",
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"Human",
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],
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},
{
"_dis": "52 14 34",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Tools",
"orig": "pl:Tools",
"parents": [
"Technology",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
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}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "kruczy"
},
{
"word": "krukowaty"
},
{
"word": "biały kruk"
},
{
"word": "krucz"
},
{
"word": "kruczek"
},
{
"word": "kruczę"
},
{
"word": "kruk krukowi oka nie wykole"
},
{
"word": "rozdziobią nas kruki i wrony"
}
],
"glosses": [
"raven, especially the common raven (Corvus corax)"
],
"id": "en-kruk-pl-noun-xLWPmlHL",
"links": [
[
"raven",
"raven"
],
[
"common raven",
"common raven"
],
[
"Corvus corax",
"Corvus corax#Translingual"
]
],
"related": [
{
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "kruczeć"
},
{
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "krukać"
}
],
"tags": [
"animal-not-person",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkruk/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-uk"
},
{
"homophone": "Kruk"
}
],
"word": "kruk"
}
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],
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[
"unemployed",
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"(Warsaw) unemployed person"
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],
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},
{
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"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*krōkaz"
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],
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"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-m-in",
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"inflection-template"
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},
{
"form": "kruk",
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"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kruki",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kruku",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kruków",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "krukowi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "krukom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kruk",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kruki",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "krukiem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "krukami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kruku",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "krukach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kruku",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kruki",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
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{
"args": {
"1": "m-in"
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"kruk"
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{
"args": {},
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{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Regional Polish",
"parents": [],
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],
"glosses": [
"fire iron, poker"
],
"id": "en-kruk-pl-noun-vUKb~2ae",
"links": [
[
"regional",
"regional#English"
],
[
"fire iron",
"fire iron"
],
[
"poker",
"poker"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(regional) fire iron, poker"
],
"related": [
{
"word": "kruczek"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "pogrzebacz"
}
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine",
"regional"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkruk/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-uk"
},
{
"homophone": "Kruk"
}
],
"word": "kruk"
}
{
"categories": [
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"Pages with entries",
"Polish 1-syllable words",
"Polish animal nouns",
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"Polish links with manual fragments",
"Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
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"Polish nouns",
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"Polish terms borrowed from Ukrainian",
"Polish terms derived from Old East Slavic",
"Polish terms derived from Old Norse",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Polish terms derived from Ukrainian",
"Polish terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with audio pronunciation",
"Polish terms with homophones",
"Rhymes:Polish/uk",
"Rhymes:Polish/uk/1 syllable",
"pl:Corvids",
"pl:People",
"pl:Tools"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "kruczy"
},
{
"word": "krukowaty"
},
{
"word": "biały kruk"
},
{
"word": "krucz"
},
{
"word": "kruczek"
},
{
"word": "kruczę"
},
{
"word": "kruk krukowi oka nie wykole"
},
{
"word": "rozdziobią nas kruki i wrony"
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],
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{
"form": "kruczek",
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{
"form": "no-table-tags",
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"table-tags"
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{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-masc-ani",
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]
},
{
"form": "kruk",
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"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kruki",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kruka",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kruków",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "krukowi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "krukom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kruka",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kruki",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "krukiem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "krukami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kruku",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "krukach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kruku",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kruki",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
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},
"expansion": "kruk m animal (diminutive kruczek)",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"kruk"
],
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{
"args": {
"1": "kru",
"2": "k"
},
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],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "kruczeć"
},
{
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "krukać"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"raven, especially the common raven (Corvus corax)"
],
"links": [
[
"raven",
"raven"
],
[
"common raven",
"common raven"
],
[
"Corvus corax",
"Corvus corax#Translingual"
]
],
"tags": [
"animal-not-person",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkruk/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-uk"
},
{
"homophone": "Kruk"
}
],
"word": "kruk"
}
{
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"Polish links with manual fragments",
"Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
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"Polish terms borrowed from Ukrainian",
"Polish terms derived from Old East Slavic",
"Polish terms derived from Old Norse",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Polish terms derived from Ukrainian",
"Polish terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with audio pronunciation",
"Polish terms with homophones",
"Rhymes:Polish/uk",
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"pl:Corvids",
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"g3": "",
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"pos": "",
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},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *krukъ",
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],
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"head_templates": [
{
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},
"expansion": "kruk m pers",
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],
"hyphenation": [
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],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
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"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Warsaw Polish"
],
"glosses": [
"unemployed person"
],
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[
"unemployed",
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"(Warsaw) unemployed person"
],
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],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkruk/"
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{
"rhymes": "-uk"
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"homophone": "Kruk"
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{
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"Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
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"Polish terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
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"pl:Corvids",
"pl:People",
"pl:Tools"
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{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
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"expansion": "Old East Slavic крюкъ (krjukŭ)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "non",
"3": "krókr"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse krókr",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*krōkaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *krōkaz",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Ukrainian крюк (krjuk), from Old East Slavic крюкъ (krjukŭ), from Old Norse krókr, from Proto-Germanic *krōkaz.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-m-in",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "kruk",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kruki",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kruku",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kruków",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "krukowi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "krukom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kruk",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kruki",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "krukiem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "krukami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kruku",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "krukach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kruku",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kruki",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m-in"
},
"expansion": "kruk m inan",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"kruk"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-m-in"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "kruczek"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Regional Polish"
],
"glosses": [
"fire iron, poker"
],
"links": [
[
"regional",
"regional#English"
],
[
"fire iron",
"fire iron"
],
[
"poker",
"poker"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(regional) fire iron, poker"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "pogrzebacz"
}
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine",
"regional"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkruk/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-uk"
},
{
"homophone": "Kruk"
}
],
"word": "kruk"
}
Download raw JSONL data for kruk meaning in Polish (8.8kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Polish dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-20 using wiktextract (c15a5ce and 5c11237). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.