See keuwan on Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ċēowan"
},
"expansion": "Old English: ċēowan\nMiddle English: chewen, chewe, chyewe, cheowen, chiewe, chiewen, chiwen, chowen, chuen, chawen, chewwenn (Ormulum)\nEnglish: chew\n→ Pennsylvania German: tschaae\nScots: chow, chaw",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old English: ċēowan\nMiddle English: chewen, chewe, chyewe, cheowen, chiewe, chiewen, chiwen, chowen, chuen, chawen, chewwenn (Ormulum)\nEnglish: chew\n→ Pennsylvania German: tschaae\nScots: chow, chaw"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "*kiāwa",
"3": "*kiāwja"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: *kiāwa, *kiāwja",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: *kiāwa, *kiāwja"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "kôgje",
"3": "kôchje",
"4": "koaie"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian: kôgje, kôchje, koaie",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "West Frisian: kôgje, kôchje, koaie"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "kauje"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian: kauje",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Saterland Frisian: kauje"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "kiuwan",
"3": "kiwan"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: kiuwan, kiwan",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: kiuwan, kiwan"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "keuwen",
"3": "kuwen"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: keuwen, kuwen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: keuwen, kuwen"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "käwwen"
},
"expansion": "Low German: käwwen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Low German: käwwen"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "*kiuwan"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: *kiuwan, *kūwan\nMiddle Dutch: kewen, ceuwen, cuwen",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: *kiuwan, *kūwan\nMiddle Dutch: kewen, ceuwen, cuwen"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "kiuwan"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: kiuwan",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: kiuwan"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "kiuwen",
"3": "kūwen",
"4": "kewen"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: kiuwen, kūwen, kewen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: kiuwen, kūwen, kewen"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gsw",
"2": "chüüwe"
},
"expansion": "Alemannic German: chüüwe",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Alemannic German: chüüwe"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bar",
"2": "kuin"
},
"expansion": "Bavarian: kuin",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bavarian: kuin"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cim",
"2": "khòjan"
},
"expansion": "Cimbrian: khòjan",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Cimbrian: khòjan"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "kauen"
},
"expansion": "German: kauen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German: kauen"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hrx",
"2": "kaue"
},
"expansion": "Hunsrik: kaue",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Hunsrik: kaue"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pdc",
"2": "kaue"
},
"expansion": "Pennsylvania German: kaue",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Pennsylvania German: kaue"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*kewwaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *kewwaną",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *kewwaną.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-verb-st",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "keuwan",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "keuwannjas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "keuwannjē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "keuwannju",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "keuwu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kauw",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kiuwiʀi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kuwī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kiuwidi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kauw",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "keuwum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "kuwum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kiuwid",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kuwud",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "keuwand",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kuwun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "keuwē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kuwī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "keuwēs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "keuwē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kuwī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "keuwēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "kuwīm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "keuwēþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kuwīd",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "keuwēn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kuwīn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kiuw",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kiuwid",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "keuwandī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "kowan",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "*keuwan",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gmw-infl-verb-st"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/keuwan",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "gakauw"
},
{
"word": "kiuwijan"
},
{
"sense": "*gakow",
"tags": [
"Old-English"
],
"word": "ġecow"
},
{
"sense": "Old English: *ċīewan, *ċȳwan",
"word": "⇒ Old English: ċȳwung"
},
{
"sense": "Old English: *ċīewan, *ċȳwan",
"word": "ċīwung"
},
{
"sense": "Middle English: chawen",
"tags": [
"English"
],
"word": "chaw"
},
{
"sense": "Middle English: chawen; Scots",
"word": "chaw"
},
{
"sense": "Middle Low German: kowen, kouwen, kauwen, kauen",
"tags": [
"German-Low-German"
],
"word": "kauen"
},
{
"sense": "Dutch: kauwen",
"tags": [
"Afrikaans"
],
"word": "kou"
},
{
"sense": "Old High German: *kouwōn; Middle High German",
"word": "kouwen"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to chew"
],
"id": "en-keuwan-gmw-pro-verb-omctL7eg",
"links": [
[
"chew",
"chew"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "keuwan"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "gakauw"
},
{
"sense": "*gakow",
"tags": [
"Old-English"
],
"word": "ġecow"
},
{
"sense": "Old English: *ċīewan, *ċȳwan",
"word": "⇒ Old English: ċȳwung"
},
{
"sense": "Old English: *ċīewan, *ċȳwan",
"word": "ċīwung"
},
{
"sense": "Middle English: chawen",
"tags": [
"English"
],
"word": "chaw"
},
{
"sense": "Middle English: chawen; Scots",
"word": "chaw"
},
{
"sense": "Middle Low German: kowen, kouwen, kauwen, kauen",
"tags": [
"German-Low-German"
],
"word": "kauen"
},
{
"sense": "Dutch: kauwen",
"tags": [
"Afrikaans"
],
"word": "kou"
},
{
"sense": "Old High German: *kouwōn; Middle High German",
"word": "kouwen"
},
{
"word": "kiuwijan"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ċēowan"
},
"expansion": "Old English: ċēowan\nMiddle English: chewen, chewe, chyewe, cheowen, chiewe, chiewen, chiwen, chowen, chuen, chawen, chewwenn (Ormulum)\nEnglish: chew\n→ Pennsylvania German: tschaae\nScots: chow, chaw",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old English: ċēowan\nMiddle English: chewen, chewe, chyewe, cheowen, chiewe, chiewen, chiwen, chowen, chuen, chawen, chewwenn (Ormulum)\nEnglish: chew\n→ Pennsylvania German: tschaae\nScots: chow, chaw"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "*kiāwa",
"3": "*kiāwja"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: *kiāwa, *kiāwja",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: *kiāwa, *kiāwja"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "kôgje",
"3": "kôchje",
"4": "koaie"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian: kôgje, kôchje, koaie",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "West Frisian: kôgje, kôchje, koaie"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "kauje"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian: kauje",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Saterland Frisian: kauje"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "kiuwan",
"3": "kiwan"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: kiuwan, kiwan",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: kiuwan, kiwan"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "keuwen",
"3": "kuwen"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: keuwen, kuwen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: keuwen, kuwen"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "käwwen"
},
"expansion": "Low German: käwwen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Low German: käwwen"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "*kiuwan"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: *kiuwan, *kūwan\nMiddle Dutch: kewen, ceuwen, cuwen",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: *kiuwan, *kūwan\nMiddle Dutch: kewen, ceuwen, cuwen"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "kiuwan"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: kiuwan",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: kiuwan"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "kiuwen",
"3": "kūwen",
"4": "kewen"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: kiuwen, kūwen, kewen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: kiuwen, kūwen, kewen"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gsw",
"2": "chüüwe"
},
"expansion": "Alemannic German: chüüwe",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Alemannic German: chüüwe"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bar",
"2": "kuin"
},
"expansion": "Bavarian: kuin",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bavarian: kuin"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cim",
"2": "khòjan"
},
"expansion": "Cimbrian: khòjan",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Cimbrian: khòjan"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "kauen"
},
"expansion": "German: kauen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German: kauen"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hrx",
"2": "kaue"
},
"expansion": "Hunsrik: kaue",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Hunsrik: kaue"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pdc",
"2": "kaue"
},
"expansion": "Pennsylvania German: kaue",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Pennsylvania German: kaue"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*kewwaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *kewwaną",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *kewwaną.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-verb-st",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "keuwan",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "keuwannjas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "keuwannjē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "keuwannju",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "keuwu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kauw",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kiuwiʀi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kuwī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kiuwidi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kauw",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "keuwum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "kuwum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kiuwid",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kuwud",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "keuwand",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kuwun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "keuwē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kuwī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "keuwēs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "keuwē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kuwī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "keuwēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "kuwīm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "keuwēþ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kuwīd",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "keuwēn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kuwīn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kiuw",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kiuwid",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "keuwandī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "kowan",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "*keuwan",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gmw-infl-verb-st"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/keuwan",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-West Germanic class 2 strong verbs",
"Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-West Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-West Germanic terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Proto-West Germanic terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Proto-West Germanic verbs",
"gmw-pro:Eating"
],
"glosses": [
"to chew"
],
"links": [
[
"chew",
"chew"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "keuwan"
}
Download raw JSONL data for keuwan meaning in All languages combined (7.5kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-06-24 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-06-20 using wiktextract (074e7de and f1c2b61). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.