"chaw" meaning in All languages combined

{
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "chawen"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English chawen",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "chewen",
        "t": "to chew"
      },
      "expansion": "chewen (“to chew”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "chew"
      },
      "expansion": "chew",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "dum",
        "2": "cauwen"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Dutch cauwen",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "kauwen"
      },
      "expansion": "Dutch kauwen",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "\"to chew\"; whence Dutch <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"nl\">kauwen</i>"
      },
      "expansion": "(\"to chew\"; whence Dutch kauwen)",
      "name": "gl"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "kauw",
        "t": "the act of chewing, that which is chewed, chewed mass, wad of tobacco"
      },
      "expansion": "Dutch kauw (“the act of chewing, that which is chewed, chewed mass, wad of tobacco”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gml",
        "2": "kauwen"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Low German kauwen",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gml",
        "2": "kauen",
        "t": "to chew"
      },
      "expansion": "kauen (“to chew”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "ġecow",
        "t": "that which is chewed, food"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English ġecow (“that which is chewed, food”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "*ġeċēow",
        "t": "chewing"
      },
      "expansion": "*ġeċēow (“chewing”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "icheu",
        "t": "gnawing, biting"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English icheu (“gnawing, biting”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English chawen, an unexplained variation of chewen (“to chew”). See chew for more. Cognate with Middle Dutch cauwen (\"to chew\"; whence Dutch kauwen), obsolete Dutch kauw (“the act of chewing, that which is chewed, chewed mass, wad of tobacco”), Middle Low German kauwen, kauen (“to chew”). Compare also Old English ġecow (“that which is chewed, food”) and *ġeċēow (“chewing”), whence Middle English icheu (“gnawing, biting”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "chaws",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "~"
      },
      "expansion": "chaw (countable and uncountable, plural chaws)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [],
      "glosses": [
        "That which is chewed."
      ],
      "id": "en-chaw-en-noun-HTgAXEYX",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(countable) That which is chewed."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Appalachian English",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "2 62 1 13 12 2 7",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "1 67 1 8 14 3 5",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "2 67 1 14 6 6 3",
          "kind": "lifeform",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Tobacco",
          "orig": "en:Tobacco",
          "parents": [
            "Nightshades",
            "Recreational drugs",
            "Smoking",
            "Plants",
            "Drugs",
            "Human behaviour",
            "Lifeforms",
            "Matter",
            "Pharmacology",
            "Human",
            "All topics",
            "Life",
            "Chemistry",
            "Nature",
            "Biochemistry",
            "Medicine",
            "Fundamental",
            "Sciences",
            "Biology"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "When the doctor told him to quit smoking, Harvey switched to chaw, but then developed cancer of the mouth.",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1889, Mark Twain, chapter 21, in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn",
          "text": "\"YOU give him a chaw, did you? So did your sister's cat's grandmother. You pay me back the chaws you've awready borry'd off'n me, Lafe Buckner, then I'll loan you one or two ton of it, and won't charge you no back intrust, nuther.\"",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1970, Donald Harington, Lightning Bug",
          "text": "He […] went into the store and behind the counter and reached up and got the plug of chewing tobacco and unwrapped it and bit off a chaw.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Chewing tobacco."
      ],
      "id": "en-chaw-en-noun-Ro1ZZNEP",
      "links": [
        [
          "Chewing tobacco",
          "chewing tobacco"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(Appalachia, informal, uncountable) Chewing tobacco."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Appalachia",
        "informal",
        "uncountable"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡ʃɔ/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡ʃɑ/",
      "tags": [
        "cot-caught-merger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡ʃɔː/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɔː"
    },
    {
      "homophone": "chore (non-rhotic accents)"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-chaw.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/17/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-chaw.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-chaw.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/17/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-chaw.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-chaw.wav.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Southern-England"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (Southern England)"
    }
  ],
  "word": "chaw"
}

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "chaw up"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "chawbacon"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "chawen"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English chawen",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "chewen",
        "t": "to chew"
      },
      "expansion": "chewen (“to chew”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "chew"
      },
      "expansion": "chew",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "dum",
        "2": "cauwen"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Dutch cauwen",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "kauwen"
      },
      "expansion": "Dutch kauwen",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "\"to chew\"; whence Dutch <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"nl\">kauwen</i>"
      },
      "expansion": "(\"to chew\"; whence Dutch kauwen)",
      "name": "gl"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "kauw",
        "t": "the act of chewing, that which is chewed, chewed mass, wad of tobacco"
      },
      "expansion": "Dutch kauw (“the act of chewing, that which is chewed, chewed mass, wad of tobacco”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gml",
        "2": "kauwen"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Low German kauwen",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gml",
        "2": "kauen",
        "t": "to chew"
      },
      "expansion": "kauen (“to chew”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "ġecow",
        "t": "that which is chewed, food"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English ġecow (“that which is chewed, food”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "*ġeċēow",
        "t": "chewing"
      },
      "expansion": "*ġeċēow (“chewing”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "icheu",
        "t": "gnawing, biting"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English icheu (“gnawing, biting”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English chawen, an unexplained variation of chewen (“to chew”). See chew for more. Cognate with Middle Dutch cauwen (\"to chew\"; whence Dutch kauwen), obsolete Dutch kauw (“the act of chewing, that which is chewed, chewed mass, wad of tobacco”), Middle Low German kauwen, kauen (“to chew”). Compare also Old English ġecow (“that which is chewed, food”) and *ġeċēow (“chewing”), whence Middle English icheu (“gnawing, biting”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "chaws",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "chawing",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "chawed",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "chawed",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "chaw (third-person singular simple present chaws, present participle chawing, simple past and past participle chawed)",
      "name": "en-verb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Appalachian English",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Southern US English",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "c. 1540, Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey, Translations from the Æneid, Book 4, in The Poems of Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey, Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1920, page 130",
          "roman": "Chawing the fomie bit, there fercely stood.",
          "text": "The trampling steede, with gold and purple trapt,"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2006, Hackett (Indianapolis) edition of Edmund Spenser's [1590] “Book I, Canto IV” of The Faerie Queene, page 62",
          "text": "And next to him malicious Envy rode,\nUpon a ravenous wolfe, and still did chaw\nBetweene his cankred teeth a venemous tode […]",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1682, John Dryden, The Medall. A Satyre against Sedition, lines 145–8",
          "roman": "The prickles of unpalatable Law.",
          "text": "The Man who laugh'd but once, to see an Ass\nMumbling to make the cross-grained Thistles pass,\nMight laugh again, to see a Jury chaw",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1884, Mark Twain, chapter 29, in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn",
          "text": "[…] the king he set down and twisted his head to one side, and chawed his tongue, and scrawled off something […]",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To chew; grind with one's teeth; to masticate (food, or the cud)."
      ],
      "id": "en-chaw-en-verb-MF3iEcWP",
      "links": [
        [
          "chew",
          "chew"
        ],
        [
          "grind",
          "grind"
        ],
        [
          "masticate",
          "masticate"
        ]
      ],
      "qualifier": "archaic or nonstandard outside dialects",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(archaic or nonstandard outside dialects, e.g. Appalachia, Southern US) To chew; grind with one's teeth; to masticate (food, or the cud)."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Southern-US"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": ", Indianapolis: Hackett, 2006, p. 62,\n\"I home retourning, fraught with fowle despight,\nAnd chawing vengeaunce all the way I went,\nSoone as my loathed love appeard in sight,\nWith wrathfull hand I slew her innocent;",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To ruminate (about) in thought; to ponder; to consider"
      ],
      "id": "en-chaw-en-verb-RDp~j9Ue",
      "links": [
        [
          "ruminate",
          "ruminate"
        ],
        [
          "ponder",
          "ponder"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(obsolete, transitive) To ruminate (about) in thought; to ponder; to consider"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "obsolete",
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "British English",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "Some pikey's chawed my bike.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To steal."
      ],
      "id": "en-chaw-en-verb-V6eOpCNB",
      "links": [
        [
          "steal",
          "steal"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(UK, slang) To steal."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "UK",
        "slang"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡ʃɔ/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡ʃɑ/",
      "tags": [
        "cot-caught-merger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡ʃɔː/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɔː"
    },
    {
      "homophone": "chore (non-rhotic accents)"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-chaw.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/17/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-chaw.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-chaw.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/17/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-chaw.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-chaw.wav.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Southern-England"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (Southern England)"
    }
  ],
  "word": "chaw"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "chawe"
      },
      "expansion": "chawe",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "chaul"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English chaul",
      "name": "m+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "chavel",
        "3": "chavel, jawle",
        "t": "jaw"
      },
      "expansion": "chavel, jawle (“jaw”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "jowl"
      },
      "expansion": "English jowl",
      "name": "m+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "jowe"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English jowe",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "jawe",
        "t": "jaw"
      },
      "expansion": "jawe (“jaw”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "jowl"
      },
      "expansion": "jowl",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "jaw"
      },
      "expansion": "jaw",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Early Modern English chawe, either a form of Middle English chaul, chavel, jawle (“jaw”) (whence also English jowl) which has lost the final -l, or a form of Middle English jowe, jawe (“jaw”). See jowl and jaw for more.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "chaws",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "chaw (plural chaws)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "2006, Hackett (Indianapolis) edition of Edmund Spenser's [1590] “Book I, Canto IV” of The Faerie Queene, page 62",
          "text": "all the poison ran about his chaw",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "The jaw."
      ],
      "id": "en-chaw-en-noun-Ast-6MQZ",
      "links": [
        [
          "jaw",
          "jaw"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(obsolete) The jaw."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "obsolete"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡ʃɔ/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡ʃɑ/",
      "tags": [
        "cot-caught-merger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡ʃɔː/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɔː"
    },
    {
      "homophone": "chore (non-rhotic accents)"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-chaw.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/17/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-chaw.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-chaw.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/17/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-chaw.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-chaw.wav.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Southern-England"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (Southern England)"
    }
  ],
  "word": "chaw"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 3,
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "chaw (uncountable)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "alt_of": [
        {
          "extra": "tea",
          "word": "cha"
        }
      ],
      "categories": [],
      "glosses": [
        "Obsolete form of cha (“tea”)."
      ],
      "id": "en-chaw-en-noun-4gVrO1bW",
      "links": [
        [
          "cha",
          "cha#English"
        ]
      ],
      "related": [
        {
          "word": "chees and chaws"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "alt-of",
        "obsolete",
        "uncountable"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡ʃɔ/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡ʃɑ/",
      "tags": [
        "cot-caught-merger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡ʃɔː/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɔː"
    },
    {
      "homophone": "chore (non-rhotic accents)"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-chaw.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/17/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-chaw.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-chaw.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/17/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-chaw.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-chaw.wav.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Southern-England"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (Southern England)"
    }
  ],
  "word": "chaw"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "English 1-syllable words",
    "English countable nouns",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
    "English lemmas",
    "English nouns",
    "English terms derived from Middle English",
    "English terms inherited from Middle English",
    "English terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "English terms with audio links",
    "English terms with homophones",
    "English uncountable nouns",
    "English verbs",
    "Rhymes:English/ɔː",
    "Rhymes:English/ɔː/1 syllable",
    "en:Tobacco"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "chawen"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English chawen",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "chewen",
        "t": "to chew"
      },
      "expansion": "chewen (“to chew”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "chew"
      },
      "expansion": "chew",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "dum",
        "2": "cauwen"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Dutch cauwen",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "kauwen"
      },
      "expansion": "Dutch kauwen",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "\"to chew\"; whence Dutch <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"nl\">kauwen</i>"
      },
      "expansion": "(\"to chew\"; whence Dutch kauwen)",
      "name": "gl"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "kauw",
        "t": "the act of chewing, that which is chewed, chewed mass, wad of tobacco"
      },
      "expansion": "Dutch kauw (“the act of chewing, that which is chewed, chewed mass, wad of tobacco”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gml",
        "2": "kauwen"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Low German kauwen",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gml",
        "2": "kauen",
        "t": "to chew"
      },
      "expansion": "kauen (“to chew”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "ġecow",
        "t": "that which is chewed, food"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English ġecow (“that which is chewed, food”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "*ġeċēow",
        "t": "chewing"
      },
      "expansion": "*ġeċēow (“chewing”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "icheu",
        "t": "gnawing, biting"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English icheu (“gnawing, biting”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English chawen, an unexplained variation of chewen (“to chew”). See chew for more. Cognate with Middle Dutch cauwen (\"to chew\"; whence Dutch kauwen), obsolete Dutch kauw (“the act of chewing, that which is chewed, chewed mass, wad of tobacco”), Middle Low German kauwen, kauen (“to chew”). Compare also Old English ġecow (“that which is chewed, food”) and *ġeċēow (“chewing”), whence Middle English icheu (“gnawing, biting”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "chaws",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "~"
      },
      "expansion": "chaw (countable and uncountable, plural chaws)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English countable nouns"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "That which is chewed."
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(countable) That which is chewed."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Appalachian English",
        "English informal terms",
        "English terms with quotations",
        "English terms with usage examples",
        "English uncountable nouns",
        "Quotation templates to be cleaned"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "When the doctor told him to quit smoking, Harvey switched to chaw, but then developed cancer of the mouth.",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1889, Mark Twain, chapter 21, in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn",
          "text": "\"YOU give him a chaw, did you? So did your sister's cat's grandmother. You pay me back the chaws you've awready borry'd off'n me, Lafe Buckner, then I'll loan you one or two ton of it, and won't charge you no back intrust, nuther.\"",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1970, Donald Harington, Lightning Bug",
          "text": "He […] went into the store and behind the counter and reached up and got the plug of chewing tobacco and unwrapped it and bit off a chaw.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Chewing tobacco."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Chewing tobacco",
          "chewing tobacco"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(Appalachia, informal, uncountable) Chewing tobacco."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Appalachia",
        "informal",
        "uncountable"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡ʃɔ/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡ʃɑ/",
      "tags": [
        "cot-caught-merger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡ʃɔː/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɔː"
    },
    {
      "homophone": "chore (non-rhotic accents)"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-chaw.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/17/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-chaw.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-chaw.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/17/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-chaw.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-chaw.wav.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Southern-England"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (Southern England)"
    }
  ],
  "word": "chaw"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "English 1-syllable words",
    "English countable nouns",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
    "English lemmas",
    "English nouns",
    "English terms derived from Middle English",
    "English terms inherited from Middle English",
    "English terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "English terms with audio links",
    "English terms with homophones",
    "English uncountable nouns",
    "English verbs",
    "Rhymes:English/ɔː",
    "Rhymes:English/ɔː/1 syllable",
    "en:Tobacco"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "chaw up"
    },
    {
      "word": "chawbacon"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "chawen"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English chawen",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "chewen",
        "t": "to chew"
      },
      "expansion": "chewen (“to chew”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "chew"
      },
      "expansion": "chew",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "dum",
        "2": "cauwen"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Dutch cauwen",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "kauwen"
      },
      "expansion": "Dutch kauwen",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "\"to chew\"; whence Dutch <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"nl\">kauwen</i>"
      },
      "expansion": "(\"to chew\"; whence Dutch kauwen)",
      "name": "gl"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "kauw",
        "t": "the act of chewing, that which is chewed, chewed mass, wad of tobacco"
      },
      "expansion": "Dutch kauw (“the act of chewing, that which is chewed, chewed mass, wad of tobacco”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gml",
        "2": "kauwen"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Low German kauwen",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gml",
        "2": "kauen",
        "t": "to chew"
      },
      "expansion": "kauen (“to chew”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "ġecow",
        "t": "that which is chewed, food"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English ġecow (“that which is chewed, food”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "*ġeċēow",
        "t": "chewing"
      },
      "expansion": "*ġeċēow (“chewing”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "icheu",
        "t": "gnawing, biting"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English icheu (“gnawing, biting”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English chawen, an unexplained variation of chewen (“to chew”). See chew for more. Cognate with Middle Dutch cauwen (\"to chew\"; whence Dutch kauwen), obsolete Dutch kauw (“the act of chewing, that which is chewed, chewed mass, wad of tobacco”), Middle Low German kauwen, kauen (“to chew”). Compare also Old English ġecow (“that which is chewed, food”) and *ġeċēow (“chewing”), whence Middle English icheu (“gnawing, biting”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "chaws",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "chawing",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "chawed",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "chawed",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "chaw (third-person singular simple present chaws, present participle chawing, simple past and past participle chawed)",
      "name": "en-verb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Appalachian English",
        "English dialectal terms",
        "English nonstandard terms",
        "English terms with archaic senses",
        "English terms with quotations",
        "Quotation templates to be cleaned",
        "Southern US English"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "c. 1540, Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey, Translations from the Æneid, Book 4, in The Poems of Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey, Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1920, page 130",
          "roman": "Chawing the fomie bit, there fercely stood.",
          "text": "The trampling steede, with gold and purple trapt,"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2006, Hackett (Indianapolis) edition of Edmund Spenser's [1590] “Book I, Canto IV” of The Faerie Queene, page 62",
          "text": "And next to him malicious Envy rode,\nUpon a ravenous wolfe, and still did chaw\nBetweene his cankred teeth a venemous tode […]",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1682, John Dryden, The Medall. A Satyre against Sedition, lines 145–8",
          "roman": "The prickles of unpalatable Law.",
          "text": "The Man who laugh'd but once, to see an Ass\nMumbling to make the cross-grained Thistles pass,\nMight laugh again, to see a Jury chaw",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1884, Mark Twain, chapter 29, in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn",
          "text": "[…] the king he set down and twisted his head to one side, and chawed his tongue, and scrawled off something […]",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To chew; grind with one's teeth; to masticate (food, or the cud)."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "chew",
          "chew"
        ],
        [
          "grind",
          "grind"
        ],
        [
          "masticate",
          "masticate"
        ]
      ],
      "qualifier": "archaic or nonstandard outside dialects",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(archaic or nonstandard outside dialects, e.g. Appalachia, Southern US) To chew; grind with one's teeth; to masticate (food, or the cud)."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Southern-US"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with obsolete senses",
        "English terms with quotations",
        "English transitive verbs"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": ", Indianapolis: Hackett, 2006, p. 62,\n\"I home retourning, fraught with fowle despight,\nAnd chawing vengeaunce all the way I went,\nSoone as my loathed love appeard in sight,\nWith wrathfull hand I slew her innocent;",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To ruminate (about) in thought; to ponder; to consider"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "ruminate",
          "ruminate"
        ],
        [
          "ponder",
          "ponder"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(obsolete, transitive) To ruminate (about) in thought; to ponder; to consider"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "obsolete",
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "British English",
        "English slang",
        "English terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "Some pikey's chawed my bike.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To steal."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "steal",
          "steal"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(UK, slang) To steal."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "UK",
        "slang"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡ʃɔ/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡ʃɑ/",
      "tags": [
        "cot-caught-merger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡ʃɔː/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɔː"
    },
    {
      "homophone": "chore (non-rhotic accents)"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-chaw.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/17/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-chaw.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-chaw.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/17/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-chaw.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-chaw.wav.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Southern-England"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (Southern England)"
    }
  ],
  "word": "chaw"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "English 1-syllable words",
    "English countable nouns",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
    "English lemmas",
    "English nouns",
    "English terms derived from Middle English",
    "English terms inherited from Middle English",
    "English terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "English terms with audio links",
    "English terms with homophones",
    "English uncountable nouns",
    "Rhymes:English/ɔː",
    "Rhymes:English/ɔː/1 syllable",
    "en:Tobacco"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "chawe"
      },
      "expansion": "chawe",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "chaul"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English chaul",
      "name": "m+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "chavel",
        "3": "chavel, jawle",
        "t": "jaw"
      },
      "expansion": "chavel, jawle (“jaw”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "jowl"
      },
      "expansion": "English jowl",
      "name": "m+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "jowe"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English jowe",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "jawe",
        "t": "jaw"
      },
      "expansion": "jawe (“jaw”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "jowl"
      },
      "expansion": "jowl",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "jaw"
      },
      "expansion": "jaw",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Early Modern English chawe, either a form of Middle English chaul, chavel, jawle (“jaw”) (whence also English jowl) which has lost the final -l, or a form of Middle English jowe, jawe (“jaw”). See jowl and jaw for more.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "chaws",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "chaw (plural chaws)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with obsolete senses",
        "English terms with quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "2006, Hackett (Indianapolis) edition of Edmund Spenser's [1590] “Book I, Canto IV” of The Faerie Queene, page 62",
          "text": "all the poison ran about his chaw",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "The jaw."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "jaw",
          "jaw"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(obsolete) The jaw."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "obsolete"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡ʃɔ/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡ʃɑ/",
      "tags": [
        "cot-caught-merger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡ʃɔː/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɔː"
    },
    {
      "homophone": "chore (non-rhotic accents)"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-chaw.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/17/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-chaw.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-chaw.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/17/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-chaw.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-chaw.wav.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Southern-England"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (Southern England)"
    }
  ],
  "word": "chaw"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "English 1-syllable words",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
    "English lemmas",
    "English nouns",
    "English terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "English terms with audio links",
    "English terms with homophones",
    "English uncountable nouns",
    "Rhymes:English/ɔː",
    "Rhymes:English/ɔː/1 syllable",
    "en:Tobacco"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 3,
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "chaw (uncountable)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "chees and chaws"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "alt_of": [
        {
          "extra": "tea",
          "word": "cha"
        }
      ],
      "categories": [
        "English obsolete forms"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Obsolete form of cha (“tea”)."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "cha",
          "cha#English"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "alt-of",
        "obsolete",
        "uncountable"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡ʃɔ/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡ʃɑ/",
      "tags": [
        "cot-caught-merger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡ʃɔː/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɔː"
    },
    {
      "homophone": "chore (non-rhotic accents)"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-chaw.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/17/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-chaw.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-chaw.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/17/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-chaw.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-chaw.wav.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Southern-England"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (Southern England)"
    }
  ],
  "word": "chaw"
}