See chaw in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "cauwen"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch cauwen",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "kauwen"
},
"expansion": "Dutch kauwen",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "\"to chew\"; whence Dutch <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"nl\">kauwen</i>"
},
"expansion": "(\"to chew\"; whence Dutch kauwen)",
"name": "gl"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "kauw",
"t": "the act of chewing, that which is chewed, chewed mass, wad of tobacco"
},
"expansion": "Dutch kauw (“the act of chewing, that which is chewed, chewed mass, wad of tobacco”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "kauwen"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German kauwen",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ġecow",
"t": "that which is chewed, food"
},
"expansion": "Old English ġecow (“that which is chewed, food”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "icheu",
"t": "gnawing, biting"
},
"expansion": "Middle English icheu (“gnawing, biting”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "An unexplained variation of chewen (“to chew”). First attested in the sixteenth century. See chew for more. Cognate with Middle Dutch cauwen (\"to chew\"; whence Dutch kauwen), obsolete Dutch kauw (“the act of chewing, that which is chewed, chewed mass, wad of tobacco”), Middle Low German kauwen, kauen (“to chew”). Compare also Old English ġecow (“that which is chewed, food”) and *ġeċēaw (“chewing”), whence Middle English icheu (“gnawing, biting”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "chaws",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "chaw (countable and uncountable, plural chaws)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"That which is chewed."
],
"id": "en-chaw-en-noun-HTgAXEYX",
"raw_glosses": [
"(countable) That which is chewed."
],
"tags": [
"countable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Appalachian English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "3 36 11 12 21 5 12 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 36 11 14 19 5 5 2 2 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 35 11 19 21 3 3 1 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 80 3 4 5 3 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Tobacco",
"orig": "en:Tobacco",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
61,
65
]
],
"text": "When the doctor told him to quit smoking, Harvey switched to chaw, but then developed cancer of the mouth.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
16,
20
],
[
91,
95
],
[
91,
96
]
],
"ref": "1889, Mark Twain, chapter 21, in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn:",
"text": "\"YOU give him a chaw, did you? So did your sister's cat's grandmother. You pay me back the chaws you've awready borry'd off'n me, Lafe Buckner, then I'll loan you one or two ton of it, and won't charge you no back intrust, nuther.\"",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
132,
136
]
],
"ref": "1970, Donald Harington, Lightning Bug:",
"text": "He […] went into the store and behind the counter and reached up and got the plug of chewing tobacco and unwrapped it and bit off a chaw.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Chewing tobacco."
],
"id": "en-chaw-en-noun-Ro1ZZNEP",
"links": [
[
"Chewing tobacco",
"chewing tobacco"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Appalachia, informal, uncountable) Chewing tobacco."
],
"tags": [
"Appalachia",
"informal",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/t͡ʃɔ/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡ʃɑ/",
"tags": [
"cot-caught-merger"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡ʃɔː/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-chaw.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/17/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-chaw.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-chaw.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/17/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-chaw.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-chaw.wav.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔː"
},
{
"homophone": "chore (non-rhotic)"
}
],
"word": "chaw"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "chawbacon"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "chawer"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "chaw up"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "cauwen"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch cauwen",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "kauwen"
},
"expansion": "Dutch kauwen",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "\"to chew\"; whence Dutch <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"nl\">kauwen</i>"
},
"expansion": "(\"to chew\"; whence Dutch kauwen)",
"name": "gl"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "kauw",
"t": "the act of chewing, that which is chewed, chewed mass, wad of tobacco"
},
"expansion": "Dutch kauw (“the act of chewing, that which is chewed, chewed mass, wad of tobacco”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "kauwen"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German kauwen",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ġecow",
"t": "that which is chewed, food"
},
"expansion": "Old English ġecow (“that which is chewed, food”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "icheu",
"t": "gnawing, biting"
},
"expansion": "Middle English icheu (“gnawing, biting”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "An unexplained variation of chewen (“to chew”). First attested in the sixteenth century. See chew for more. Cognate with Middle Dutch cauwen (\"to chew\"; whence Dutch kauwen), obsolete Dutch kauw (“the act of chewing, that which is chewed, chewed mass, wad of tobacco”), Middle Low German kauwen, kauen (“to chew”). Compare also Old English ġecow (“that which is chewed, food”) and *ġeċēaw (“chewing”), whence Middle English icheu (“gnawing, biting”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "chaws",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "chawing",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "chawed",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "chawed",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "chaw (third-person singular simple present chaws, present participle chawing, simple past and past participle chawed)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Appalachian English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Southern US English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "c. 1540, Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey, Translations from the Æneid, Book 4, in The Poems of Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey, Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1920, page 130",
"roman": "Chawing the fomie bit, there fercely stood.",
"text": "The trampling steede, with gold and purple trapt,"
},
{
"ref": "2006, Hackett (Indianapolis) edition of Edmund Spenser's [1590] “Book I, Canto IV” of The Faerie Queene, page 62",
"text": "And next to him malicious Envy rode,\nUpon a ravenous wolfe, and still did chaw\nBetweene his cankred teeth a venemous tode […]",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
127,
131
]
],
"ref": "1682, John Dryden, The Medall. A Satyre against Sedition, lines 145–8:",
"text": "The Man who laugh'd but once, to see an Ass\nMumbling to make the cross-grained Thistles pass,\nMight laugh again, to see a Jury chaw\nThe prickles of unpalatable Law.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
63,
69
]
],
"ref": "1884, Mark Twain, chapter 29, in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn:",
"text": "[…] the king he set down and twisted his head to one side, and chawed his tongue, and scrawled off something […]",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
94,
100
]
],
"ref": "1942, Emily Carr, “The Orange Lily”, in The Book of Small, Toronto, Ont.: Oxford University Press, →OCLC:",
"text": "Anne passed the lily. Beyond was the bed of pinks—white, clove, cinnamon. […] Anne's scissors chawed the wiry stems almost as sapless as the everlastings.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To chew; grind with one's teeth; to masticate (food, or the cud)."
],
"id": "en-chaw-en-verb-MF3iEcWP",
"links": [
[
"chew",
"chew"
],
[
"grind",
"grind"
],
[
"masticate",
"masticate"
]
],
"qualifier": "archaic or nonstandard outside dialects",
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic or nonstandard outside dialects, e.g. Appalachia, Southern US) To chew; grind with one's teeth; to masticate (food, or the cud)."
],
"tags": [
"Southern-US"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
53,
60
]
],
"text": "\"I home retourning, fraught with fowle despight,\nAnd chawing vengeaunce all the way I went,\nSoone as my loathed love appeard in sight,\nWith wrathfull hand I slew her innocent;",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To ruminate (about) in thought; to ponder; to consider."
],
"id": "en-chaw-en-verb-QktFN3Rg",
"links": [
[
"ruminate",
"ruminate"
],
[
"ponder",
"ponder"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete, transitive) To ruminate (about) in thought; to ponder; to consider."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "British English",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
13,
19
]
],
"text": "Some pikey's chawed my bike.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To steal."
],
"id": "en-chaw-en-verb-V6eOpCNB",
"links": [
[
"steal",
"steal"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(UK, slang) To steal."
],
"tags": [
"UK",
"slang"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"To be sulky."
],
"id": "en-chaw-en-verb-isYN9hXa",
"links": [
[
"sulky",
"sulky"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(dialectal, intransitive) To be sulky."
],
"tags": [
"dialectal",
"intransitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/t͡ʃɔ/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡ʃɑ/",
"tags": [
"cot-caught-merger"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡ʃɔː/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-chaw.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/17/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-chaw.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-chaw.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/17/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-chaw.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-chaw.wav.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔː"
},
{
"homophone": "chore (non-rhotic)"
}
],
"word": "chaw"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "en-ear",
"3": "chawe",
"nocat": "1"
},
"expansion": "Early Modern English chawe",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "chaul"
},
"expansion": "Middle English chaul",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "jowl"
},
"expansion": "English jowl",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "*chawe"
},
"expansion": "Middle English *chawe",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "*ċēawe"
},
"expansion": "Old English *ċēawe",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "jowe"
},
"expansion": "Middle English jowe",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "jaw",
"notext": "1"
},
"expansion": "jaw",
"name": "dbt"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Early Modern English chawe, either a form of Middle English chaul, chavel, jawle, jawe (“jaw”) (whence also English jowl) which has lost the final -l, or from Middle English *chawe, *chowe, from Old English *ċēawe, *ċēowe (“jaw”), or a form of Middle English jowe, jawe (“jaw”). See jowl and jaw for more.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "chaws",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "chaw (plural chaws)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"derived": [
{
"word": "chawbone"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2006, Hackett (Indianapolis) edition of Edmund Spenser's [1590] “Book I, Canto IV” of The Faerie Queene, page 62",
"text": "all the poison ran about his chaw",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The jaw."
],
"id": "en-chaw-en-noun-en:jaw",
"links": [
[
"jaw",
"jaw"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) The jaw."
],
"senseid": [
"en:jaw"
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/t͡ʃɔ/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡ʃɑ/",
"tags": [
"cot-caught-merger"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡ʃɔː/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-chaw.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/17/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-chaw.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-chaw.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/17/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-chaw.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-chaw.wav.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔː"
},
{
"homophone": "chore (non-rhotic)"
}
],
"word": "chaw"
}
{
"etymology_number": 3,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "chaw (uncountable)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "tea",
"word": "cha"
}
],
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"Obsolete form of cha (“tea”)."
],
"id": "en-chaw-en-noun-4gVrO1bW",
"links": [
[
"cha",
"cha#English"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "chees and chaws"
}
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"obsolete",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/t͡ʃɔ/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡ʃɑ/",
"tags": [
"cot-caught-merger"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡ʃɔː/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-chaw.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/17/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-chaw.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-chaw.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/17/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-chaw.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-chaw.wav.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔː"
},
{
"homophone": "chore (non-rhotic)"
}
],
"word": "chaw"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms with homophones",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English verbs",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ɔː",
"Rhymes:English/ɔː/1 syllable",
"en:Tobacco",
"lus:Foods"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "cauwen"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch cauwen",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "kauwen"
},
"expansion": "Dutch kauwen",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "\"to chew\"; whence Dutch <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"nl\">kauwen</i>"
},
"expansion": "(\"to chew\"; whence Dutch kauwen)",
"name": "gl"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "kauw",
"t": "the act of chewing, that which is chewed, chewed mass, wad of tobacco"
},
"expansion": "Dutch kauw (“the act of chewing, that which is chewed, chewed mass, wad of tobacco”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "kauwen"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German kauwen",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ġecow",
"t": "that which is chewed, food"
},
"expansion": "Old English ġecow (“that which is chewed, food”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "icheu",
"t": "gnawing, biting"
},
"expansion": "Middle English icheu (“gnawing, biting”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "An unexplained variation of chewen (“to chew”). First attested in the sixteenth century. See chew for more. Cognate with Middle Dutch cauwen (\"to chew\"; whence Dutch kauwen), obsolete Dutch kauw (“the act of chewing, that which is chewed, chewed mass, wad of tobacco”), Middle Low German kauwen, kauen (“to chew”). Compare also Old English ġecow (“that which is chewed, food”) and *ġeċēaw (“chewing”), whence Middle English icheu (“gnawing, biting”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "chaws",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "~"
},
"expansion": "chaw (countable and uncountable, plural chaws)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns"
],
"glosses": [
"That which is chewed."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(countable) That which is chewed."
],
"tags": [
"countable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Appalachian English",
"English informal terms",
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with usage examples",
"English uncountable nouns",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
61,
65
]
],
"text": "When the doctor told him to quit smoking, Harvey switched to chaw, but then developed cancer of the mouth.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
16,
20
],
[
91,
95
],
[
91,
96
]
],
"ref": "1889, Mark Twain, chapter 21, in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn:",
"text": "\"YOU give him a chaw, did you? So did your sister's cat's grandmother. You pay me back the chaws you've awready borry'd off'n me, Lafe Buckner, then I'll loan you one or two ton of it, and won't charge you no back intrust, nuther.\"",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
132,
136
]
],
"ref": "1970, Donald Harington, Lightning Bug:",
"text": "He […] went into the store and behind the counter and reached up and got the plug of chewing tobacco and unwrapped it and bit off a chaw.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Chewing tobacco."
],
"links": [
[
"Chewing tobacco",
"chewing tobacco"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Appalachia, informal, uncountable) Chewing tobacco."
],
"tags": [
"Appalachia",
"informal",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/t͡ʃɔ/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡ʃɑ/",
"tags": [
"cot-caught-merger"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡ʃɔː/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-chaw.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/17/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-chaw.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-chaw.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/17/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-chaw.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-chaw.wav.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔː"
},
{
"homophone": "chore (non-rhotic)"
}
],
"word": "chaw"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms with homophones",
"English uncountable nouns",
"English verbs",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ɔː",
"Rhymes:English/ɔː/1 syllable",
"en:Tobacco",
"lus:Foods"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "chawbacon"
},
{
"word": "chawer"
},
{
"word": "chaw up"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "cauwen"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch cauwen",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "kauwen"
},
"expansion": "Dutch kauwen",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "\"to chew\"; whence Dutch <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"nl\">kauwen</i>"
},
"expansion": "(\"to chew\"; whence Dutch kauwen)",
"name": "gl"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "kauw",
"t": "the act of chewing, that which is chewed, chewed mass, wad of tobacco"
},
"expansion": "Dutch kauw (“the act of chewing, that which is chewed, chewed mass, wad of tobacco”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "kauwen"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German kauwen",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ġecow",
"t": "that which is chewed, food"
},
"expansion": "Old English ġecow (“that which is chewed, food”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "icheu",
"t": "gnawing, biting"
},
"expansion": "Middle English icheu (“gnawing, biting”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "An unexplained variation of chewen (“to chew”). First attested in the sixteenth century. See chew for more. Cognate with Middle Dutch cauwen (\"to chew\"; whence Dutch kauwen), obsolete Dutch kauw (“the act of chewing, that which is chewed, chewed mass, wad of tobacco”), Middle Low German kauwen, kauen (“to chew”). Compare also Old English ġecow (“that which is chewed, food”) and *ġeċēaw (“chewing”), whence Middle English icheu (“gnawing, biting”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "chaws",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "chawing",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "chawed",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "chawed",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "chaw (third-person singular simple present chaws, present participle chawing, simple past and past participle chawed)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Appalachian English",
"English dialectal terms",
"English nonstandard terms",
"English terms with archaic senses",
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned",
"Southern US English"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "c. 1540, Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey, Translations from the Æneid, Book 4, in The Poems of Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey, Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1920, page 130",
"roman": "Chawing the fomie bit, there fercely stood.",
"text": "The trampling steede, with gold and purple trapt,"
},
{
"ref": "2006, Hackett (Indianapolis) edition of Edmund Spenser's [1590] “Book I, Canto IV” of The Faerie Queene, page 62",
"text": "And next to him malicious Envy rode,\nUpon a ravenous wolfe, and still did chaw\nBetweene his cankred teeth a venemous tode […]",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
127,
131
]
],
"ref": "1682, John Dryden, The Medall. A Satyre against Sedition, lines 145–8:",
"text": "The Man who laugh'd but once, to see an Ass\nMumbling to make the cross-grained Thistles pass,\nMight laugh again, to see a Jury chaw\nThe prickles of unpalatable Law.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
63,
69
]
],
"ref": "1884, Mark Twain, chapter 29, in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn:",
"text": "[…] the king he set down and twisted his head to one side, and chawed his tongue, and scrawled off something […]",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
94,
100
]
],
"ref": "1942, Emily Carr, “The Orange Lily”, in The Book of Small, Toronto, Ont.: Oxford University Press, →OCLC:",
"text": "Anne passed the lily. Beyond was the bed of pinks—white, clove, cinnamon. […] Anne's scissors chawed the wiry stems almost as sapless as the everlastings.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To chew; grind with one's teeth; to masticate (food, or the cud)."
],
"links": [
[
"chew",
"chew"
],
[
"grind",
"grind"
],
[
"masticate",
"masticate"
]
],
"qualifier": "archaic or nonstandard outside dialects",
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic or nonstandard outside dialects, e.g. Appalachia, Southern US) To chew; grind with one's teeth; to masticate (food, or the cud)."
],
"tags": [
"Southern-US"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses",
"English terms with quotations",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
53,
60
]
],
"text": "\"I home retourning, fraught with fowle despight,\nAnd chawing vengeaunce all the way I went,\nSoone as my loathed love appeard in sight,\nWith wrathfull hand I slew her innocent;",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To ruminate (about) in thought; to ponder; to consider."
],
"links": [
[
"ruminate",
"ruminate"
],
[
"ponder",
"ponder"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete, transitive) To ruminate (about) in thought; to ponder; to consider."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"British English",
"English slang",
"English terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
13,
19
]
],
"text": "Some pikey's chawed my bike.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To steal."
],
"links": [
[
"steal",
"steal"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(UK, slang) To steal."
],
"tags": [
"UK",
"slang"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English dialectal terms",
"English intransitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"To be sulky."
],
"links": [
[
"sulky",
"sulky"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(dialectal, intransitive) To be sulky."
],
"tags": [
"dialectal",
"intransitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/t͡ʃɔ/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡ʃɑ/",
"tags": [
"cot-caught-merger"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡ʃɔː/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-chaw.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/17/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-chaw.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-chaw.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/17/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-chaw.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-chaw.wav.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔː"
},
{
"homophone": "chore (non-rhotic)"
}
],
"word": "chaw"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English doublets",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms with homophones",
"English uncountable nouns",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ɔː",
"Rhymes:English/ɔː/1 syllable",
"en:Tobacco",
"lus:Foods"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "chawbone"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "en-ear",
"3": "chawe",
"nocat": "1"
},
"expansion": "Early Modern English chawe",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "chaul"
},
"expansion": "Middle English chaul",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "jowl"
},
"expansion": "English jowl",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "*chawe"
},
"expansion": "Middle English *chawe",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ang",
"3": "*ċēawe"
},
"expansion": "Old English *ċēawe",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "jowe"
},
"expansion": "Middle English jowe",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "jaw",
"notext": "1"
},
"expansion": "jaw",
"name": "dbt"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Early Modern English chawe, either a form of Middle English chaul, chavel, jawle, jawe (“jaw”) (whence also English jowl) which has lost the final -l, or from Middle English *chawe, *chowe, from Old English *ċēawe, *ċēowe (“jaw”), or a form of Middle English jowe, jawe (“jaw”). See jowl and jaw for more.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "chaws",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "chaw (plural chaws)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2006, Hackett (Indianapolis) edition of Edmund Spenser's [1590] “Book I, Canto IV” of The Faerie Queene, page 62",
"text": "all the poison ran about his chaw",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The jaw."
],
"links": [
[
"jaw",
"jaw"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) The jaw."
],
"senseid": [
"en:jaw"
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/t͡ʃɔ/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡ʃɑ/",
"tags": [
"cot-caught-merger"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡ʃɔː/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-chaw.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/17/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-chaw.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-chaw.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/17/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-chaw.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-chaw.wav.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔː"
},
{
"homophone": "chore (non-rhotic)"
}
],
"word": "chaw"
}
{
"categories": [
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms with homophones",
"English uncountable nouns",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ɔː",
"Rhymes:English/ɔː/1 syllable",
"en:Tobacco",
"lus:Foods"
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "chaw (uncountable)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "chees and chaws"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "tea",
"word": "cha"
}
],
"categories": [
"English obsolete forms"
],
"glosses": [
"Obsolete form of cha (“tea”)."
],
"links": [
[
"cha",
"cha#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"obsolete",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/t͡ʃɔ/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡ʃɑ/",
"tags": [
"cot-caught-merger"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡ʃɔː/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-chaw.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/17/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-chaw.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-chaw.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/17/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-chaw.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-chaw.wav.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔː"
},
{
"homophone": "chore (non-rhotic)"
}
],
"word": "chaw"
}
Download raw JSONL data for chaw meaning in English (14.4kB)
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"section": "English",
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"title": "chaw",
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}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-02-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-01-01 using wiktextract (f492ef9 and 9905b1f). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.