"chaw" meaning in English

See chaw in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

IPA: /t͡ʃɔ/ [General-American], /t͡ʃɑ/ [cot-caught-merger], /t͡ʃɔː/ [Received-Pronunciation] Audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-chaw.wav [Southern-England] Forms: chaws [plural]
Rhymes: -ɔː Etymology: From Middle English chawen, an unexplained variation of chewen (“to chew”). See chew for more. Cognate with Middle Dutch cauwen ("to chew"; whence Dutch kauwen), obsolete Dutch kauw (“the act of chewing, that which is chewed, chewed mass, wad of tobacco”), Middle Low German kauwen, kauen (“to chew”). Compare also Old English ġecow (“that which is chewed, food”) and *ġeċēow (“chewing”), whence Middle English icheu (“gnawing, biting”). Etymology templates: {{inh|en|enm|chawen}} Middle English chawen, {{m|enm|chewen|t=to chew}} chewen (“to chew”), {{m|en|chew}} chew, {{cog|dum|cauwen}} Middle Dutch cauwen, {{cog|nl|kauwen}} Dutch kauwen, {{gl|"to chew"; whence Dutch <i class="Latn mention" lang="nl">kauwen</i>}} ("to chew"; whence Dutch kauwen), {{cog|nl|kauw|t=the act of chewing, that which is chewed, chewed mass, wad of tobacco}} Dutch kauw (“the act of chewing, that which is chewed, chewed mass, wad of tobacco”), {{cog|gml|kauwen}} Middle Low German kauwen, {{m|gml|kauen|t=to chew}} kauen (“to chew”), {{cog|ang|ġecow|t=that which is chewed, food}} Old English ġecow (“that which is chewed, food”), {{m|ang|*ġeċēow|t=chewing}} *ġeċēow (“chewing”), {{cog|enm|icheu|t=gnawing, biting}} Middle English icheu (“gnawing, biting”) Head templates: {{en-noun}} chaw (plural chaws)
  1. (countable) That which is chewed. Tags: countable
    Sense id: en-chaw-en-noun-HTgAXEYX
  2. (Appalachia, informal, uncountable) Chewing tobacco. Tags: Appalachia, informal, uncountable Categories (lifeform): Tobacco
    Sense id: en-chaw-en-noun-Ro1ZZNEP Disambiguation of Tobacco: 2 44 9 16 16 2 3 5 3 Categories (other): Appalachian English
  3. 1889, Mark Twain, chapter 21, in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn:
    Sense id: en-chaw-en-noun-N5jD9WbK
  4. 1970, Donald Harington, Lightning Bug:
    Sense id: en-chaw-en-noun-xyLulqlf
  5. 1970, Donald Harington, Lightning Bug:
    Sense id: en-chaw-en-noun-vYpyD2J7
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 1

Noun

IPA: /t͡ʃɔ/ [General-American], /t͡ʃɑ/ [cot-caught-merger], /t͡ʃɔː/ [Received-Pronunciation] Audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-chaw.wav [Southern-England] Forms: chaws [plural]
Rhymes: -ɔː Etymology: From Early Modern English chawe, either a form of Middle English chaul, chavel, jawle (“jaw”) (whence also English jowl) which has lost the final -l, or a form of Middle English jowe, jawe (“jaw”). See jowl and jaw for more. Etymology templates: {{m|en|chawe}} chawe, {{m+|enm|chaul}} Middle English chaul, {{m|enm|chavel|chavel, jawle|t=jaw}} chavel, jawle (“jaw”), {{m+|en|jowl}} English jowl, {{inh|en|enm|jowe}} Middle English jowe, {{m|enm|jawe|t=jaw}} jawe (“jaw”), {{m|en|jowl}} jowl, {{m|en|jaw}} jaw Head templates: {{en-noun}} chaw (plural chaws)
  1. (obsolete) The jaw. Tags: obsolete Related terms: chees and chaws
    Sense id: en-chaw-en-noun-Ast-6MQZ
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 2

Verb

IPA: /t͡ʃɔ/ [General-American], /t͡ʃɑ/ [cot-caught-merger], /t͡ʃɔː/ [Received-Pronunciation] Audio: LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-chaw.wav [Southern-England] Forms: chaws [present, singular, third-person], chawing [participle, present], chawed [participle, past], chawed [past]
Rhymes: -ɔː Etymology: From Middle English chawen, an unexplained variation of chewen (“to chew”). See chew for more. Cognate with Middle Dutch cauwen ("to chew"; whence Dutch kauwen), obsolete Dutch kauw (“the act of chewing, that which is chewed, chewed mass, wad of tobacco”), Middle Low German kauwen, kauen (“to chew”). Compare also Old English ġecow (“that which is chewed, food”) and *ġeċēow (“chewing”), whence Middle English icheu (“gnawing, biting”). Etymology templates: {{inh|en|enm|chawen}} Middle English chawen, {{m|enm|chewen|t=to chew}} chewen (“to chew”), {{m|en|chew}} chew, {{cog|dum|cauwen}} Middle Dutch cauwen, {{cog|nl|kauwen}} Dutch kauwen, {{gl|"to chew"; whence Dutch <i class="Latn mention" lang="nl">kauwen</i>}} ("to chew"; whence Dutch kauwen), {{cog|nl|kauw|t=the act of chewing, that which is chewed, chewed mass, wad of tobacco}} Dutch kauw (“the act of chewing, that which is chewed, chewed mass, wad of tobacco”), {{cog|gml|kauwen}} Middle Low German kauwen, {{m|gml|kauen|t=to chew}} kauen (“to chew”), {{cog|ang|ġecow|t=that which is chewed, food}} Old English ġecow (“that which is chewed, food”), {{m|ang|*ġeċēow|t=chewing}} *ġeċēow (“chewing”), {{cog|enm|icheu|t=gnawing, biting}} Middle English icheu (“gnawing, biting”) Head templates: {{en-verb}} chaw (third-person singular simple present chaws, present participle chawing, simple past and past participle chawed)
  1. (archaic or nonstandard outside dialects, e.g. Appalachia, Southern US) To chew; grind with one's teeth; to masticate (food, or the cud). Tags: Southern-US
    Sense id: en-chaw-en-verb-MF3iEcWP Categories (other): Appalachian English, Southern US English
  2. (obsolete, transitive) To ruminate (about) in thought; to ponder; to consider Tags: obsolete, transitive
    Sense id: en-chaw-en-verb-RDp~j9Ue
  3. (UK, slang) To steal. Tags: UK, slang
    Sense id: en-chaw-en-verb-V6eOpCNB Categories (other): British English
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Derived forms: chaw up, chawbacon
Etymology number: 1

Inflected forms

Alternative forms

Download JSON data for chaw meaning in English (13.4kB)

{
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "chawen"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English chawen",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "chewen",
        "t": "to chew"
      },
      "expansion": "chewen (“to chew”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "chew"
      },
      "expansion": "chew",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "dum",
        "2": "cauwen"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Dutch cauwen",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "kauwen"
      },
      "expansion": "Dutch kauwen",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "\"to chew\"; whence Dutch <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"nl\">kauwen</i>"
      },
      "expansion": "(\"to chew\"; whence Dutch kauwen)",
      "name": "gl"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "kauw",
        "t": "the act of chewing, that which is chewed, chewed mass, wad of tobacco"
      },
      "expansion": "Dutch kauw (“the act of chewing, that which is chewed, chewed mass, wad of tobacco”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gml",
        "2": "kauwen"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Low German kauwen",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gml",
        "2": "kauen",
        "t": "to chew"
      },
      "expansion": "kauen (“to chew”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "ġecow",
        "t": "that which is chewed, food"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English ġecow (“that which is chewed, food”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "*ġeċēow",
        "t": "chewing"
      },
      "expansion": "*ġeċēow (“chewing”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "icheu",
        "t": "gnawing, biting"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English icheu (“gnawing, biting”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English chawen, an unexplained variation of chewen (“to chew”). See chew for more. Cognate with Middle Dutch cauwen (\"to chew\"; whence Dutch kauwen), obsolete Dutch kauw (“the act of chewing, that which is chewed, chewed mass, wad of tobacco”), Middle Low German kauwen, kauen (“to chew”). Compare also Old English ġecow (“that which is chewed, food”) and *ġeċēow (“chewing”), whence Middle English icheu (“gnawing, biting”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "chaws",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "chaw (plural chaws)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [],
      "glosses": [
        "That which is chewed."
      ],
      "id": "en-chaw-en-noun-HTgAXEYX",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(countable) That which is chewed."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Appalachian English",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "2 44 9 16 16 2 3 5 3",
          "kind": "lifeform",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Tobacco",
          "orig": "en:Tobacco",
          "parents": [
            "Nightshades",
            "Recreational drugs",
            "Smoking",
            "Plants",
            "Drugs",
            "Human behaviour",
            "Lifeforms",
            "Matter",
            "Pharmacology",
            "Human",
            "All topics",
            "Life",
            "Chemistry",
            "Nature",
            "Biochemistry",
            "Medicine",
            "Fundamental",
            "Sciences",
            "Biology"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "When the doctor told him to quit smoking, Harvey switched to chaw, but then developed cancer of the mouth.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Chewing tobacco."
      ],
      "id": "en-chaw-en-noun-Ro1ZZNEP",
      "links": [
        [
          "Chewing tobacco",
          "chewing tobacco"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(Appalachia, informal, uncountable) Chewing tobacco."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Appalachia",
        "informal",
        "uncountable"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "glosses": [
        "1889, Mark Twain, chapter 21, in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn:\n\"YOU give him a chaw, did you? So did your sister's cat's grandmother. You pay me back the chaws you've awready borry'd off'n me, Lafe Buckner, then I'll loan you one or two ton of it, and won't charge you no back intrust, nuther.\"",
        "1889, Mark Twain, chapter 21, in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn"
      ],
      "id": "en-chaw-en-noun-N5jD9WbK",
      "links": [
        [
          "Mark Twain",
          "w:Mark Twain"
        ],
        [
          "The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn",
          "s:The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn (1884)/Chapter 11"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "1889, Mark Twain, chapter 21, in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn:\n"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "glosses": [
        "1970, Donald Harington, Lightning Bug:\nHe […] went into the store and behind the counter and reached up and got the plug of chewing tobacco and unwrapped it and bit off a chaw.",
        "1970, Donald Harington, Lightning Bug"
      ],
      "id": "en-chaw-en-noun-xyLulqlf",
      "links": [
        [
          "Donald Harington",
          "w:Donald Harington (writer)"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "1970, Donald Harington, Lightning Bug:\n"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "glosses": [
        "1970, Donald Harington, Lightning Bug:\nHe […] went into the store and behind the counter and reached up and got the plug of chewing tobacco and unwrapped it and bit off a chaw.",
        "He […] went into the store and behind the counter and reached up and got the plug of chewing tobacco and unwrapped it and bit off a chaw."
      ],
      "id": "en-chaw-en-noun-vYpyD2J7",
      "links": [
        [
          "Donald Harington",
          "w:Donald Harington (writer)"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "1970, Donald Harington, Lightning Bug:\n"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡ʃɔ/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡ʃɑ/",
      "tags": [
        "cot-caught-merger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡ʃɔː/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɔː"
    },
    {
      "homophone": "chore (non-rhotic accents)"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-chaw.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/17/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-chaw.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-chaw.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/17/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-chaw.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-chaw.wav.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Southern-England"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (Southern England)"
    }
  ],
  "word": "chaw"
}

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "chaw up"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "chawbacon"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "chawen"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English chawen",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "chewen",
        "t": "to chew"
      },
      "expansion": "chewen (“to chew”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "chew"
      },
      "expansion": "chew",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "dum",
        "2": "cauwen"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Dutch cauwen",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "kauwen"
      },
      "expansion": "Dutch kauwen",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "\"to chew\"; whence Dutch <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"nl\">kauwen</i>"
      },
      "expansion": "(\"to chew\"; whence Dutch kauwen)",
      "name": "gl"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "kauw",
        "t": "the act of chewing, that which is chewed, chewed mass, wad of tobacco"
      },
      "expansion": "Dutch kauw (“the act of chewing, that which is chewed, chewed mass, wad of tobacco”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gml",
        "2": "kauwen"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Low German kauwen",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gml",
        "2": "kauen",
        "t": "to chew"
      },
      "expansion": "kauen (“to chew”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "ġecow",
        "t": "that which is chewed, food"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English ġecow (“that which is chewed, food”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "*ġeċēow",
        "t": "chewing"
      },
      "expansion": "*ġeċēow (“chewing”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "icheu",
        "t": "gnawing, biting"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English icheu (“gnawing, biting”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English chawen, an unexplained variation of chewen (“to chew”). See chew for more. Cognate with Middle Dutch cauwen (\"to chew\"; whence Dutch kauwen), obsolete Dutch kauw (“the act of chewing, that which is chewed, chewed mass, wad of tobacco”), Middle Low German kauwen, kauen (“to chew”). Compare also Old English ġecow (“that which is chewed, food”) and *ġeċēow (“chewing”), whence Middle English icheu (“gnawing, biting”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "chaws",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "chawing",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "chawed",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "chawed",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "chaw (third-person singular simple present chaws, present participle chawing, simple past and past participle chawed)",
      "name": "en-verb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Appalachian English",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Southern US English",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "c. 1540, Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey, Translations from the Æneid, Book 4, in The Poems of Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey, Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1920, page 130",
          "roman": "Chawing the fomie bit, there fercely stood.",
          "text": "The trampling steede, with gold and purple trapt,"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2006, Hackett (Indianapolis) edition of Edmund Spenser's [1590] “Book I, Canto IV” of The Faerie Queene, page 62",
          "text": "And next to him malicious Envy rode,\nUpon a ravenous wolfe, and still did chaw\nBetweene his cankred teeth a venemous tode […]",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1682, John Dryden, The Medall. A Satyre against Sedition, lines 145–8",
          "roman": "The prickles of unpalatable Law.",
          "text": "The Man who laugh'd but once, to see an Ass\nMumbling to make the cross-grained Thistles pass,\nMight laugh again, to see a Jury chaw",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1884, Mark Twain, chapter 29, in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn",
          "text": "[…] the king he set down and twisted his head to one side, and chawed his tongue, and scrawled off something […]",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To chew; grind with one's teeth; to masticate (food, or the cud)."
      ],
      "id": "en-chaw-en-verb-MF3iEcWP",
      "links": [
        [
          "chew",
          "chew"
        ],
        [
          "grind",
          "grind"
        ],
        [
          "masticate",
          "masticate"
        ]
      ],
      "qualifier": "archaic or nonstandard outside dialects",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(archaic or nonstandard outside dialects, e.g. Appalachia, Southern US) To chew; grind with one's teeth; to masticate (food, or the cud)."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Southern-US"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": ", Indianapolis: Hackett, 2006, p. 62,\n\"I home retourning, fraught with fowle despight,\nAnd chawing vengeaunce all the way I went,\nSoone as my loathed love appeard in sight,\nWith wrathfull hand I slew her innocent;",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To ruminate (about) in thought; to ponder; to consider"
      ],
      "id": "en-chaw-en-verb-RDp~j9Ue",
      "links": [
        [
          "ruminate",
          "ruminate"
        ],
        [
          "ponder",
          "ponder"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(obsolete, transitive) To ruminate (about) in thought; to ponder; to consider"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "obsolete",
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "British English",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "Some pikey's chawed my bike.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To steal."
      ],
      "id": "en-chaw-en-verb-V6eOpCNB",
      "links": [
        [
          "steal",
          "steal"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(UK, slang) To steal."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "UK",
        "slang"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡ʃɔ/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡ʃɑ/",
      "tags": [
        "cot-caught-merger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡ʃɔː/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɔː"
    },
    {
      "homophone": "chore (non-rhotic accents)"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-chaw.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/17/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-chaw.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-chaw.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/17/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-chaw.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-chaw.wav.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Southern-England"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (Southern England)"
    }
  ],
  "word": "chaw"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "chawe"
      },
      "expansion": "chawe",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "chaul"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English chaul",
      "name": "m+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "chavel",
        "3": "chavel, jawle",
        "t": "jaw"
      },
      "expansion": "chavel, jawle (“jaw”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "jowl"
      },
      "expansion": "English jowl",
      "name": "m+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "jowe"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English jowe",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "jawe",
        "t": "jaw"
      },
      "expansion": "jawe (“jaw”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "jowl"
      },
      "expansion": "jowl",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "jaw"
      },
      "expansion": "jaw",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Early Modern English chawe, either a form of Middle English chaul, chavel, jawle (“jaw”) (whence also English jowl) which has lost the final -l, or a form of Middle English jowe, jawe (“jaw”). See jowl and jaw for more.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "chaws",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "chaw (plural chaws)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "2006, Hackett (Indianapolis) edition of Edmund Spenser's [1590] “Book I, Canto IV” of The Faerie Queene, page 62",
          "text": "all the poison ran about his chaw",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "The jaw."
      ],
      "id": "en-chaw-en-noun-Ast-6MQZ",
      "links": [
        [
          "jaw",
          "jaw"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(obsolete) The jaw."
      ],
      "related": [
        {
          "word": "chees and chaws"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "obsolete"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡ʃɔ/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡ʃɑ/",
      "tags": [
        "cot-caught-merger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡ʃɔː/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɔː"
    },
    {
      "homophone": "chore (non-rhotic accents)"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-chaw.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/17/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-chaw.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-chaw.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/17/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-chaw.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-chaw.wav.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Southern-England"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (Southern England)"
    }
  ],
  "word": "chaw"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "en:Tobacco"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "chawen"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English chawen",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "chewen",
        "t": "to chew"
      },
      "expansion": "chewen (“to chew”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "chew"
      },
      "expansion": "chew",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "dum",
        "2": "cauwen"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Dutch cauwen",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "kauwen"
      },
      "expansion": "Dutch kauwen",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "\"to chew\"; whence Dutch <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"nl\">kauwen</i>"
      },
      "expansion": "(\"to chew\"; whence Dutch kauwen)",
      "name": "gl"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "kauw",
        "t": "the act of chewing, that which is chewed, chewed mass, wad of tobacco"
      },
      "expansion": "Dutch kauw (“the act of chewing, that which is chewed, chewed mass, wad of tobacco”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gml",
        "2": "kauwen"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Low German kauwen",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gml",
        "2": "kauen",
        "t": "to chew"
      },
      "expansion": "kauen (“to chew”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "ġecow",
        "t": "that which is chewed, food"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English ġecow (“that which is chewed, food”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "*ġeċēow",
        "t": "chewing"
      },
      "expansion": "*ġeċēow (“chewing”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "icheu",
        "t": "gnawing, biting"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English icheu (“gnawing, biting”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English chawen, an unexplained variation of chewen (“to chew”). See chew for more. Cognate with Middle Dutch cauwen (\"to chew\"; whence Dutch kauwen), obsolete Dutch kauw (“the act of chewing, that which is chewed, chewed mass, wad of tobacco”), Middle Low German kauwen, kauen (“to chew”). Compare also Old English ġecow (“that which is chewed, food”) and *ġeċēow (“chewing”), whence Middle English icheu (“gnawing, biting”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "chaws",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "chaw (plural chaws)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English countable nouns"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "That which is chewed."
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(countable) That which is chewed."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "countable"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Appalachian English",
        "English informal terms",
        "English terms with usage examples",
        "English uncountable nouns"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "When the doctor told him to quit smoking, Harvey switched to chaw, but then developed cancer of the mouth.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Chewing tobacco."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Chewing tobacco",
          "chewing tobacco"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(Appalachia, informal, uncountable) Chewing tobacco."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Appalachia",
        "informal",
        "uncountable"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations",
        "Quotation templates to be cleaned"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "1889, Mark Twain, chapter 21, in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn:\n\"YOU give him a chaw, did you? So did your sister's cat's grandmother. You pay me back the chaws you've awready borry'd off'n me, Lafe Buckner, then I'll loan you one or two ton of it, and won't charge you no back intrust, nuther.\"",
        "1889, Mark Twain, chapter 21, in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Mark Twain",
          "w:Mark Twain"
        ],
        [
          "The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn",
          "s:The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn (1884)/Chapter 11"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "1889, Mark Twain, chapter 21, in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn:\n"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations",
        "Quotation templates to be cleaned"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "1970, Donald Harington, Lightning Bug:\nHe […] went into the store and behind the counter and reached up and got the plug of chewing tobacco and unwrapped it and bit off a chaw.",
        "1970, Donald Harington, Lightning Bug"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Donald Harington",
          "w:Donald Harington (writer)"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "1970, Donald Harington, Lightning Bug:\n"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with quotations",
        "Quotation templates to be cleaned"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "1970, Donald Harington, Lightning Bug:\nHe […] went into the store and behind the counter and reached up and got the plug of chewing tobacco and unwrapped it and bit off a chaw.",
        "He […] went into the store and behind the counter and reached up and got the plug of chewing tobacco and unwrapped it and bit off a chaw."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Donald Harington",
          "w:Donald Harington (writer)"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "1970, Donald Harington, Lightning Bug:\n"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡ʃɔ/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡ʃɑ/",
      "tags": [
        "cot-caught-merger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡ʃɔː/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɔː"
    },
    {
      "homophone": "chore (non-rhotic accents)"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-chaw.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/17/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-chaw.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-chaw.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/17/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-chaw.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-chaw.wav.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Southern-England"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (Southern England)"
    }
  ],
  "word": "chaw"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "en:Tobacco"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "chaw up"
    },
    {
      "word": "chawbacon"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "chawen"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English chawen",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "chewen",
        "t": "to chew"
      },
      "expansion": "chewen (“to chew”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "chew"
      },
      "expansion": "chew",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "dum",
        "2": "cauwen"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Dutch cauwen",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "kauwen"
      },
      "expansion": "Dutch kauwen",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "\"to chew\"; whence Dutch <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"nl\">kauwen</i>"
      },
      "expansion": "(\"to chew\"; whence Dutch kauwen)",
      "name": "gl"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "kauw",
        "t": "the act of chewing, that which is chewed, chewed mass, wad of tobacco"
      },
      "expansion": "Dutch kauw (“the act of chewing, that which is chewed, chewed mass, wad of tobacco”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gml",
        "2": "kauwen"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Low German kauwen",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gml",
        "2": "kauen",
        "t": "to chew"
      },
      "expansion": "kauen (“to chew”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "ġecow",
        "t": "that which is chewed, food"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English ġecow (“that which is chewed, food”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "*ġeċēow",
        "t": "chewing"
      },
      "expansion": "*ġeċēow (“chewing”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "icheu",
        "t": "gnawing, biting"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English icheu (“gnawing, biting”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English chawen, an unexplained variation of chewen (“to chew”). See chew for more. Cognate with Middle Dutch cauwen (\"to chew\"; whence Dutch kauwen), obsolete Dutch kauw (“the act of chewing, that which is chewed, chewed mass, wad of tobacco”), Middle Low German kauwen, kauen (“to chew”). Compare also Old English ġecow (“that which is chewed, food”) and *ġeċēow (“chewing”), whence Middle English icheu (“gnawing, biting”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "chaws",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "chawing",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "chawed",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "chawed",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "chaw (third-person singular simple present chaws, present participle chawing, simple past and past participle chawed)",
      "name": "en-verb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Appalachian English",
        "English dialectal terms",
        "English nonstandard terms",
        "English terms with archaic senses",
        "English terms with quotations",
        "Quotation templates to be cleaned",
        "Southern US English"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "c. 1540, Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey, Translations from the Æneid, Book 4, in The Poems of Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey, Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1920, page 130",
          "roman": "Chawing the fomie bit, there fercely stood.",
          "text": "The trampling steede, with gold and purple trapt,"
        },
        {
          "ref": "2006, Hackett (Indianapolis) edition of Edmund Spenser's [1590] “Book I, Canto IV” of The Faerie Queene, page 62",
          "text": "And next to him malicious Envy rode,\nUpon a ravenous wolfe, and still did chaw\nBetweene his cankred teeth a venemous tode […]",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1682, John Dryden, The Medall. A Satyre against Sedition, lines 145–8",
          "roman": "The prickles of unpalatable Law.",
          "text": "The Man who laugh'd but once, to see an Ass\nMumbling to make the cross-grained Thistles pass,\nMight laugh again, to see a Jury chaw",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "ref": "1884, Mark Twain, chapter 29, in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn",
          "text": "[…] the king he set down and twisted his head to one side, and chawed his tongue, and scrawled off something […]",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To chew; grind with one's teeth; to masticate (food, or the cud)."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "chew",
          "chew"
        ],
        [
          "grind",
          "grind"
        ],
        [
          "masticate",
          "masticate"
        ]
      ],
      "qualifier": "archaic or nonstandard outside dialects",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(archaic or nonstandard outside dialects, e.g. Appalachia, Southern US) To chew; grind with one's teeth; to masticate (food, or the cud)."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Southern-US"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with obsolete senses",
        "English terms with quotations",
        "English transitive verbs"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": ", Indianapolis: Hackett, 2006, p. 62,\n\"I home retourning, fraught with fowle despight,\nAnd chawing vengeaunce all the way I went,\nSoone as my loathed love appeard in sight,\nWith wrathfull hand I slew her innocent;",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To ruminate (about) in thought; to ponder; to consider"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "ruminate",
          "ruminate"
        ],
        [
          "ponder",
          "ponder"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(obsolete, transitive) To ruminate (about) in thought; to ponder; to consider"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "obsolete",
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "British English",
        "English slang",
        "English terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "Some pikey's chawed my bike.",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To steal."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "steal",
          "steal"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(UK, slang) To steal."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "UK",
        "slang"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡ʃɔ/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡ʃɑ/",
      "tags": [
        "cot-caught-merger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡ʃɔː/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɔː"
    },
    {
      "homophone": "chore (non-rhotic accents)"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-chaw.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/17/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-chaw.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-chaw.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/17/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-chaw.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-chaw.wav.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Southern-England"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (Southern England)"
    }
  ],
  "word": "chaw"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "en:Tobacco"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "chawe"
      },
      "expansion": "chawe",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "chaul"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English chaul",
      "name": "m+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "chavel",
        "3": "chavel, jawle",
        "t": "jaw"
      },
      "expansion": "chavel, jawle (“jaw”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "jowl"
      },
      "expansion": "English jowl",
      "name": "m+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "jowe"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English jowe",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "jawe",
        "t": "jaw"
      },
      "expansion": "jawe (“jaw”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "jowl"
      },
      "expansion": "jowl",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "jaw"
      },
      "expansion": "jaw",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Early Modern English chawe, either a form of Middle English chaul, chavel, jawle (“jaw”) (whence also English jowl) which has lost the final -l, or a form of Middle English jowe, jawe (“jaw”). See jowl and jaw for more.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "chaws",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "chaw (plural chaws)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "chees and chaws"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with obsolete senses",
        "English terms with quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "2006, Hackett (Indianapolis) edition of Edmund Spenser's [1590] “Book I, Canto IV” of The Faerie Queene, page 62",
          "text": "all the poison ran about his chaw",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "The jaw."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "jaw",
          "jaw"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(obsolete) The jaw."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "obsolete"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡ʃɔ/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡ʃɑ/",
      "tags": [
        "cot-caught-merger"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡ʃɔː/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ɔː"
    },
    {
      "homophone": "chore (non-rhotic accents)"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-chaw.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/17/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-chaw.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-chaw.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/17/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-chaw.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-chaw.wav.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Southern-England"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (Southern England)"
    }
  ],
  "word": "chaw"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-03-12 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-03-01 using wiktextract (68773ab and 5f6ddbb). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.