"kauen" meaning in All languages combined

See kauen on Wiktionary

Verb [German]

IPA: /ˈkaʊ̯ən/ Audio: De-kauen.ogg
Etymology: From Middle High German kūwen, kiuwen, kewen, from Old High German kūwen, kiuwan, from Proto-West Germanic *keuwan. The form shows the Central German development of Middle High German -iuw- → -ūw-, which is only sporadically reflected in the modern standard language (compare brauen). The expected form can still be found in the compound wiederkäuen (“to chew the cud”). Cognate with Dutch kauwen, Low German käwwen, West Frisian koaie, kôgje, English chew. Etymology templates: {{dercat|de|gem-pro|inh=1}}, {{root|de|ine-pro|*ǵyewh₁-}}, {{inh|de|gmh|kūwen}} Middle High German kūwen, {{inh|de|goh|kūwen}} Old High German kūwen, {{inh|de|gmw-pro|*keuwan}} Proto-West Germanic *keuwan, {{cog|nl|kauwen}} Dutch kauwen, {{cog|nds|käwwen}} Low German käwwen, {{cog|fy|koaie}} West Frisian koaie, {{cog|en|chew}} English chew Head templates: {{de-verb}} kauen (weak, third-person singular present kaut, past tense kaute, past participle gekaut, auxiliary haben) Inflection templates: {{de-conj}} Forms: kaut [present, singular, third-person], kaute [past], gekaut [participle, past], haben [auxiliary], weak [table-tags], haben [auxiliary], kauen [infinitive], kauend [participle, present], gekaut [participle, past], kaue [first-person, indicative, present, singular], kauen [first-person, indicative, plural, present], kaue [first-person, singular, subjunctive, subjunctive-i], kauen [first-person, plural, subjunctive, subjunctive-i], kaust [indicative, present, second-person, singular], kaut [indicative, plural, present, second-person], kauest [second-person, singular, subjunctive, subjunctive-i], kauet [plural, second-person, subjunctive, subjunctive-i], kaut [indicative, present, singular, third-person], kauen [indicative, plural, present, third-person], kaue [singular, subjunctive, subjunctive-i, third-person], kauen [plural, subjunctive, subjunctive-i, third-person], kaute [first-person, indicative, preterite, singular], kauten [first-person, indicative, plural, preterite], kaute [first-person, formal, rare, singular, subjunctive, subjunctive-ii], kauten [first-person, formal, plural, rare, subjunctive, subjunctive-ii], kautest [indicative, preterite, second-person, singular], kautet [indicative, plural, preterite, second-person], kautest [formal, rare, second-person, singular, subjunctive, subjunctive-ii], kautet [formal, plural, rare, second-person, subjunctive, subjunctive-ii], kaute [indicative, preterite, singular, third-person], kauten [indicative, plural, preterite, third-person], kaute [formal, rare, singular, subjunctive, subjunctive-ii, third-person], kauten [formal, plural, rare, subjunctive, subjunctive-ii, third-person], kau [imperative, second-person, singular], kaue [imperative, second-person, singular], kaut [imperative, plural, second-person], weak [table-tags], haben [auxiliary], habe gekaut [first-person, indicative, multiword-construction, perfect, singular], haben gekaut [first-person, indicative, multiword-construction, perfect, plural], habe gekaut [first-person, multiword-construction, perfect, singular, subjunctive], haben gekaut [first-person, multiword-construction, perfect, plural, subjunctive], hast gekaut [indicative, multiword-construction, perfect, second-person, singular], habt gekaut [indicative, multiword-construction, perfect, plural, second-person], habest gekaut [multiword-construction, perfect, second-person, singular, subjunctive], habet gekaut [multiword-construction, perfect, plural, second-person, subjunctive], hat gekaut [indicative, multiword-construction, perfect, singular, third-person], haben gekaut [indicative, multiword-construction, perfect, plural, third-person], habe gekaut [multiword-construction, perfect, singular, subjunctive, third-person], haben gekaut [multiword-construction, perfect, plural, subjunctive, third-person], hatte gekaut [first-person, indicative, multiword-construction, pluperfect, singular], hatten gekaut [first-person, indicative, multiword-construction, pluperfect, plural], hätte gekaut [first-person, multiword-construction, pluperfect, singular, subjunctive], hätten gekaut [first-person, multiword-construction, pluperfect, plural, subjunctive], hattest gekaut [indicative, multiword-construction, pluperfect, second-person, singular], hattet gekaut [indicative, multiword-construction, pluperfect, plural, second-person], hättest gekaut [multiword-construction, pluperfect, second-person, singular, subjunctive], hättet gekaut [multiword-construction, pluperfect, plural, second-person, subjunctive], hatte gekaut [indicative, multiword-construction, pluperfect, singular, third-person], hatten gekaut [indicative, multiword-construction, pluperfect, plural, third-person], hätte gekaut [multiword-construction, pluperfect, singular, subjunctive, third-person], hätten gekaut [multiword-construction, pluperfect, plural, subjunctive, third-person], kauen werden [future, future-i, infinitive, multiword-construction], werde kauen [first-person, future, future-i, multiword-construction, singular, subjunctive, subjunctive-i], werden kauen [first-person, future, future-i, multiword-construction, plural, subjunctive, subjunctive-i], werdest kauen [future, future-i, multiword-construction, second-person, singular, subjunctive, subjunctive-i], werdet kauen [future, future-i, multiword-construction, plural, second-person, subjunctive, subjunctive-i], werde kauen [future, future-i, multiword-construction, singular, subjunctive, subjunctive-i, third-person], werden kauen [future, future-i, multiword-construction, plural, subjunctive, subjunctive-i, third-person], werde kauen [first-person, future, future-i, indicative, multiword-construction, singular], werden kauen [first-person, future, future-i, indicative, multiword-construction, plural], würde kauen [first-person, future, future-i, multiword-construction, singular, subjunctive, subjunctive-ii], würden kauen [first-person, future, future-i, multiword-construction, plural, subjunctive, subjunctive-ii], wirst kauen [future, future-i, indicative, multiword-construction, second-person, singular], werdet kauen [future, future-i, indicative, multiword-construction, plural, second-person], würdest kauen [future, future-i, multiword-construction, second-person, singular, subjunctive, subjunctive-ii], würdet kauen [future, future-i, multiword-construction, plural, second-person, subjunctive, subjunctive-ii], wird kauen [future, future-i, indicative, multiword-construction, singular, third-person], werden kauen [future, future-i, indicative, multiword-construction, plural, third-person], würde kauen [future, future-i, multiword-construction, singular, subjunctive, subjunctive-ii, third-person], würden kauen [future, future-i, multiword-construction, plural, subjunctive, subjunctive-ii, third-person], gekaut haben werden [future, future-ii, infinitive, multiword-construction], werde gekaut haben [first-person, future, future-ii, multiword-construction, singular, subjunctive, subjunctive-i], werden gekaut haben [first-person, future, future-ii, multiword-construction, plural, subjunctive, subjunctive-i], werdest gekaut haben [future, future-ii, multiword-construction, second-person, singular, subjunctive, subjunctive-i], werdet gekaut haben [future, future-ii, multiword-construction, plural, second-person, subjunctive, subjunctive-i], werde gekaut haben [future, future-ii, multiword-construction, singular, subjunctive, subjunctive-i, third-person], werden gekaut haben [future, future-ii, multiword-construction, plural, subjunctive, subjunctive-i, third-person], werde gekaut haben [first-person, future, future-ii, indicative, multiword-construction, singular], werden gekaut haben [first-person, future, future-ii, indicative, multiword-construction, plural], würde gekaut haben [first-person, future, future-ii, multiword-construction, singular, subjunctive, subjunctive-ii], würden gekaut haben [first-person, future, future-ii, multiword-construction, plural, subjunctive, subjunctive-ii], wirst gekaut haben [future, future-ii, indicative, multiword-construction, second-person, singular], werdet gekaut haben [future, future-ii, indicative, multiword-construction, plural, second-person], würdest gekaut haben [future, future-ii, multiword-construction, second-person, singular, subjunctive, subjunctive-ii], würdet gekaut haben [future, future-ii, multiword-construction, plural, second-person, subjunctive, subjunctive-ii], wird gekaut haben [future, future-ii, indicative, multiword-construction, singular, third-person], werden gekaut haben [future, future-ii, indicative, multiword-construction, plural, third-person], würde gekaut haben [future, future-ii, multiword-construction, singular, subjunctive, subjunctive-ii, third-person], würden gekaut haben [future, future-ii, multiword-construction, plural, subjunctive, subjunctive-ii, third-person]
  1. (transitive) to chew (something) Tags: transitive, weak
    Sense id: en-kauen-de-verb-KBs6IDWR Categories (other): German entries with incorrect language header, German verbs using haben as auxiliary, Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries Disambiguation of German entries with incorrect language header: 36 36 28 Disambiguation of German verbs using haben as auxiliary: 35 35 30 Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 34 34 32 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 33 33 35
  2. (intransitive) to chew, to gnaw [with an (+ dative) ‘on something’] Tags: intransitive, weak
    Sense id: en-kauen-de-verb-tu~t24YN Categories (other): German entries with incorrect language header, German verbs using haben as auxiliary, Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries Disambiguation of German entries with incorrect language header: 36 36 28 Disambiguation of German verbs using haben as auxiliary: 35 35 30 Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 34 34 32 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 33 33 35
  3. to bite [with an (+ dative) or (less common) accusative ‘one's nails’] Tags: weak
    Sense id: en-kauen-de-verb-Swb~XZyh Categories (other): German entries with incorrect language header, German verbs using haben as auxiliary, Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries Disambiguation of German entries with incorrect language header: 36 36 28 Disambiguation of German verbs using haben as auxiliary: 35 35 30 Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 34 34 32 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 33 33 35
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: käuen, keuen [obsolete] Related terms: wiederkäuen

Inflected forms

Alternative forms

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "inh": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "dercat"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*ǵyewh₁-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "gmh",
        "3": "kūwen"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle High German kūwen",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "goh",
        "3": "kūwen"
      },
      "expansion": "Old High German kūwen",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*keuwan"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *keuwan",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "kauwen"
      },
      "expansion": "Dutch kauwen",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nds",
        "2": "käwwen"
      },
      "expansion": "Low German käwwen",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fy",
        "2": "koaie"
      },
      "expansion": "West Frisian koaie",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "chew"
      },
      "expansion": "English chew",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle High German kūwen, kiuwen, kewen, from Old High German kūwen, kiuwan, from Proto-West Germanic *keuwan.\nThe form shows the Central German development of Middle High German -iuw- → -ūw-, which is only sporadically reflected in the modern standard language (compare brauen). The expected form can still be found in the compound wiederkäuen (“to chew the cud”). Cognate with Dutch kauwen, Low German käwwen, West Frisian koaie, kôgje, English chew.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "kaut",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kaute",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gekaut",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "haben",
      "tags": [
        "auxiliary"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "weak",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "de-conj",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "haben",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "auxiliary"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kauen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kauend",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gekaut",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kaue",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kauen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kaue",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "subjunctive-i"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kauen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "subjunctive-i"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kaust",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kaut",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kauest",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "subjunctive-i"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kauet",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive",
        "subjunctive-i"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kaut",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kauen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kaue",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "subjunctive-i",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kauen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "subjunctive-i",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kaute",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "preterite",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kauten",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "preterite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kaute",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "formal",
        "rare",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "subjunctive-ii"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kauten",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "formal",
        "plural",
        "rare",
        "subjunctive",
        "subjunctive-ii"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kautest",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "preterite",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kautet",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "preterite",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kautest",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "rare",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "subjunctive-ii"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kautet",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "plural",
        "rare",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive",
        "subjunctive-ii"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kaute",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "preterite",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kauten",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "preterite",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kaute",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "rare",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "subjunctive-ii",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kauten",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "plural",
        "rare",
        "subjunctive",
        "subjunctive-ii",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kau",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kaue",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kaut",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "weak",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "de-conj",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "haben",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "auxiliary"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "habe gekaut",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "haben gekaut",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "habe gekaut",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "haben gekaut",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hast gekaut",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "habt gekaut",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "habest gekaut",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "habet gekaut",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hat gekaut",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "haben gekaut",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "habe gekaut",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "haben gekaut",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hatte gekaut",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "pluperfect",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hatten gekaut",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "pluperfect",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hätte gekaut",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "multiword-construction",
        "pluperfect",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hätten gekaut",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "multiword-construction",
        "pluperfect",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hattest gekaut",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "pluperfect",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hattet gekaut",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "pluperfect",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hättest gekaut",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "multiword-construction",
        "pluperfect",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hättet gekaut",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "multiword-construction",
        "pluperfect",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hatte gekaut",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "pluperfect",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hatten gekaut",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "pluperfect",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hätte gekaut",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "multiword-construction",
        "pluperfect",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hätten gekaut",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "multiword-construction",
        "pluperfect",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kauen werden",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "future-i",
        "infinitive",
        "multiword-construction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "werde kauen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "future-i",
        "multiword-construction",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "subjunctive-i"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "werden kauen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "future-i",
        "multiword-construction",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "subjunctive-i"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "werdest kauen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "future-i",
        "multiword-construction",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "subjunctive-i"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "werdet kauen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "future-i",
        "multiword-construction",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive",
        "subjunctive-i"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "werde kauen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "future-i",
        "multiword-construction",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "subjunctive-i",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "werden kauen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "future-i",
        "multiword-construction",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "subjunctive-i",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "werde kauen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "future-i",
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "werden kauen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "future-i",
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "würde kauen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "future-i",
        "multiword-construction",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "subjunctive-ii"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "würden kauen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "future-i",
        "multiword-construction",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "subjunctive-ii"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wirst kauen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "future-i",
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "werdet kauen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "future-i",
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "würdest kauen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "future-i",
        "multiword-construction",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "subjunctive-ii"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "würdet kauen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "future-i",
        "multiword-construction",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive",
        "subjunctive-ii"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wird kauen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "future-i",
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "werden kauen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "future-i",
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "würde kauen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "future-i",
        "multiword-construction",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "subjunctive-ii",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "würden kauen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "future-i",
        "multiword-construction",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "subjunctive-ii",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gekaut haben werden",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "future-ii",
        "infinitive",
        "multiword-construction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "werde gekaut haben",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "future-ii",
        "multiword-construction",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "subjunctive-i"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "werden gekaut haben",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "future-ii",
        "multiword-construction",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "subjunctive-i"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "werdest gekaut haben",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "future-ii",
        "multiword-construction",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "subjunctive-i"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "werdet gekaut haben",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "future-ii",
        "multiword-construction",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive",
        "subjunctive-i"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "werde gekaut haben",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "future-ii",
        "multiword-construction",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "subjunctive-i",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "werden gekaut haben",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "future-ii",
        "multiword-construction",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "subjunctive-i",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "werde gekaut haben",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "future-ii",
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "werden gekaut haben",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "future-ii",
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "würde gekaut haben",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "future-ii",
        "multiword-construction",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "subjunctive-ii"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "würden gekaut haben",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "future-ii",
        "multiword-construction",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "subjunctive-ii"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wirst gekaut haben",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "future-ii",
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "werdet gekaut haben",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "future-ii",
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "würdest gekaut haben",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "future-ii",
        "multiword-construction",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "subjunctive-ii"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "würdet gekaut haben",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "future-ii",
        "multiword-construction",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive",
        "subjunctive-ii"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wird gekaut haben",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "future-ii",
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "werden gekaut haben",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "future-ii",
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "würde gekaut haben",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "future-ii",
        "multiword-construction",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "subjunctive-ii",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "würden gekaut haben",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "future-ii",
        "multiword-construction",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "subjunctive-ii",
        "third-person"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "kauen (weak, third-person singular present kaut, past tense kaute, past participle gekaut, auxiliary haben)",
      "name": "de-verb"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "kau‧en"
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "de-conj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "German",
  "lang_code": "de",
  "pos": "verb",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "wiederkäuen"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "36 36 28",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "German entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "35 35 30",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "German verbs using haben as auxiliary",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "34 34 32",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "33 33 35",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to chew (something)"
      ],
      "id": "en-kauen-de-verb-KBs6IDWR",
      "links": [
        [
          "chew",
          "chew"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive) to chew (something)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "36 36 28",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "German entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "35 35 30",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "German verbs using haben as auxiliary",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "34 34 32",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "33 33 35",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to chew, to gnaw"
      ],
      "id": "en-kauen-de-verb-tu~t24YN",
      "info_templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "de",
            "2": ":an(dat)<on something>"
          },
          "expansion": "[with an (+ dative) ‘on something’]",
          "extra_data": {
            "words": [
              "an",
              "(+",
              "dative)",
              "‘on",
              "something’"
            ]
          },
          "name": "+obj"
        }
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "chew",
          "chew"
        ],
        [
          "gnaw",
          "gnaw"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(intransitive) to chew, to gnaw [with an (+ dative) ‘on something’]"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "intransitive",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "36 36 28",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "German entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "35 35 30",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "German verbs using haben as auxiliary",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "34 34 32",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "33 33 35",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "He bites (on) his nails.",
          "text": "Er kaut an den/seinen Nägeln.",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "He bites his nails.",
          "text": "Er kaut seine Nägel. (less common)",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to bite"
      ],
      "id": "en-kauen-de-verb-Swb~XZyh",
      "info_templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "de",
            "2": ":an(dat)/acc<q:less common><one's nails>"
          },
          "expansion": "[with an (+ dative) or (less common) accusative ‘one's nails’]",
          "extra_data": {
            "words": [
              "an",
              "(+",
              "dative)",
              "(less",
              "common)",
              "accusative",
              "‘one's",
              "nails’"
            ]
          },
          "name": "+obj"
        }
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "bite",
          "bite"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "to bite [with an (+ dative) or (less common) accusative ‘one's nails’]"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "weak"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈkaʊ̯ən/"
    },
    {
      "audio": "De-kauen.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5d/De-kauen.ogg/De-kauen.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5d/De-kauen.ogg"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "käuen"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "obsolete"
      ],
      "word": "keuen"
    }
  ],
  "word": "kauen"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "German entries with incorrect language header",
    "German lemmas",
    "German terms derived from Middle High German",
    "German terms derived from Old High German",
    "German terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
    "German terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "German terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
    "German terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ǵyewh₁-",
    "German terms inherited from Middle High German",
    "German terms inherited from Old High German",
    "German terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
    "German terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
    "German verbs",
    "German verbs using haben as auxiliary",
    "German weak verbs",
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Pages with entries"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "inh": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "dercat"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*ǵyewh₁-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "gmh",
        "3": "kūwen"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle High German kūwen",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "goh",
        "3": "kūwen"
      },
      "expansion": "Old High German kūwen",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*keuwan"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *keuwan",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nl",
        "2": "kauwen"
      },
      "expansion": "Dutch kauwen",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nds",
        "2": "käwwen"
      },
      "expansion": "Low German käwwen",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fy",
        "2": "koaie"
      },
      "expansion": "West Frisian koaie",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "chew"
      },
      "expansion": "English chew",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle High German kūwen, kiuwen, kewen, from Old High German kūwen, kiuwan, from Proto-West Germanic *keuwan.\nThe form shows the Central German development of Middle High German -iuw- → -ūw-, which is only sporadically reflected in the modern standard language (compare brauen). The expected form can still be found in the compound wiederkäuen (“to chew the cud”). Cognate with Dutch kauwen, Low German käwwen, West Frisian koaie, kôgje, English chew.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "kaut",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kaute",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gekaut",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "haben",
      "tags": [
        "auxiliary"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "weak",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "de-conj",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "haben",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "auxiliary"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kauen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kauend",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gekaut",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kaue",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kauen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kaue",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "subjunctive-i"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kauen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "subjunctive-i"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kaust",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kaut",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kauest",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "subjunctive-i"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kauet",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive",
        "subjunctive-i"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kaut",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kauen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kaue",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "subjunctive-i",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kauen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "subjunctive-i",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kaute",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "preterite",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kauten",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "preterite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kaute",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "formal",
        "rare",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "subjunctive-ii"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kauten",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "formal",
        "plural",
        "rare",
        "subjunctive",
        "subjunctive-ii"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kautest",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "preterite",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kautet",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "preterite",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kautest",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "rare",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "subjunctive-ii"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kautet",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "plural",
        "rare",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive",
        "subjunctive-ii"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kaute",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "preterite",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kauten",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "preterite",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kaute",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "rare",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "subjunctive-ii",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kauten",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "plural",
        "rare",
        "subjunctive",
        "subjunctive-ii",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kau",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kaue",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kaut",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "weak",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "de-conj",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "haben",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "auxiliary"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "habe gekaut",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "haben gekaut",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "habe gekaut",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "haben gekaut",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hast gekaut",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "habt gekaut",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "habest gekaut",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "habet gekaut",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hat gekaut",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "haben gekaut",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "habe gekaut",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "haben gekaut",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hatte gekaut",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "pluperfect",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hatten gekaut",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "pluperfect",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hätte gekaut",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "multiword-construction",
        "pluperfect",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hätten gekaut",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "multiword-construction",
        "pluperfect",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hattest gekaut",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "pluperfect",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hattet gekaut",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "pluperfect",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hättest gekaut",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "multiword-construction",
        "pluperfect",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hättet gekaut",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "multiword-construction",
        "pluperfect",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hatte gekaut",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "pluperfect",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hatten gekaut",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "pluperfect",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hätte gekaut",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "multiword-construction",
        "pluperfect",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hätten gekaut",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "multiword-construction",
        "pluperfect",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kauen werden",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "future-i",
        "infinitive",
        "multiword-construction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "werde kauen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "future-i",
        "multiword-construction",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "subjunctive-i"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "werden kauen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "future-i",
        "multiword-construction",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "subjunctive-i"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "werdest kauen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "future-i",
        "multiword-construction",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "subjunctive-i"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "werdet kauen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "future-i",
        "multiword-construction",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive",
        "subjunctive-i"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "werde kauen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "future-i",
        "multiword-construction",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "subjunctive-i",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "werden kauen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "future-i",
        "multiword-construction",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "subjunctive-i",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "werde kauen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "future-i",
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "werden kauen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "future-i",
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "würde kauen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "future-i",
        "multiword-construction",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "subjunctive-ii"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "würden kauen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "future-i",
        "multiword-construction",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "subjunctive-ii"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wirst kauen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "future-i",
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "werdet kauen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "future-i",
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "würdest kauen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "future-i",
        "multiword-construction",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "subjunctive-ii"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "würdet kauen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "future-i",
        "multiword-construction",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive",
        "subjunctive-ii"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wird kauen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "future-i",
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "werden kauen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "future-i",
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "würde kauen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "future-i",
        "multiword-construction",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "subjunctive-ii",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "würden kauen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "future-i",
        "multiword-construction",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "subjunctive-ii",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gekaut haben werden",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "future-ii",
        "infinitive",
        "multiword-construction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "werde gekaut haben",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "future-ii",
        "multiword-construction",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "subjunctive-i"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "werden gekaut haben",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "future-ii",
        "multiword-construction",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "subjunctive-i"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "werdest gekaut haben",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "future-ii",
        "multiword-construction",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "subjunctive-i"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "werdet gekaut haben",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "future-ii",
        "multiword-construction",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive",
        "subjunctive-i"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "werde gekaut haben",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "future-ii",
        "multiword-construction",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "subjunctive-i",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "werden gekaut haben",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "future-ii",
        "multiword-construction",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "subjunctive-i",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "werde gekaut haben",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "future-ii",
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "werden gekaut haben",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "future-ii",
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "würde gekaut haben",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "future-ii",
        "multiword-construction",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "subjunctive-ii"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "würden gekaut haben",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "future-ii",
        "multiword-construction",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "subjunctive-ii"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wirst gekaut haben",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "future-ii",
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "werdet gekaut haben",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "future-ii",
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "würdest gekaut haben",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "future-ii",
        "multiword-construction",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "subjunctive-ii"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "würdet gekaut haben",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "future-ii",
        "multiword-construction",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive",
        "subjunctive-ii"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wird gekaut haben",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "future-ii",
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "werden gekaut haben",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "future-ii",
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "würde gekaut haben",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "future-ii",
        "multiword-construction",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "subjunctive-ii",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "würden gekaut haben",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "future-ii",
        "multiword-construction",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "subjunctive-ii",
        "third-person"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "kauen (weak, third-person singular present kaut, past tense kaute, past participle gekaut, auxiliary haben)",
      "name": "de-verb"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "kau‧en"
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "de-conj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "German",
  "lang_code": "de",
  "pos": "verb",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "wiederkäuen"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "German transitive verbs"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to chew (something)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "chew",
          "chew"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive) to chew (something)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "German intransitive verbs"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to chew, to gnaw"
      ],
      "info_templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "de",
            "2": ":an(dat)<on something>"
          },
          "expansion": "[with an (+ dative) ‘on something’]",
          "extra_data": {
            "words": [
              "an",
              "(+",
              "dative)",
              "‘on",
              "something’"
            ]
          },
          "name": "+obj"
        }
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "chew",
          "chew"
        ],
        [
          "gnaw",
          "gnaw"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(intransitive) to chew, to gnaw [with an (+ dative) ‘on something’]"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "intransitive",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "German terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "He bites (on) his nails.",
          "text": "Er kaut an den/seinen Nägeln.",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "He bites his nails.",
          "text": "Er kaut seine Nägel. (less common)",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to bite"
      ],
      "info_templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "de",
            "2": ":an(dat)/acc<q:less common><one's nails>"
          },
          "expansion": "[with an (+ dative) or (less common) accusative ‘one's nails’]",
          "extra_data": {
            "words": [
              "an",
              "(+",
              "dative)",
              "(less",
              "common)",
              "accusative",
              "‘one's",
              "nails’"
            ]
          },
          "name": "+obj"
        }
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "bite",
          "bite"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "to bite [with an (+ dative) or (less common) accusative ‘one's nails’]"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "weak"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈkaʊ̯ən/"
    },
    {
      "audio": "De-kauen.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5d/De-kauen.ogg/De-kauen.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5d/De-kauen.ogg"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "word": "käuen"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "obsolete"
      ],
      "word": "keuen"
    }
  ],
  "word": "kauen"
}

Download raw JSONL data for kauen meaning in All languages combined (17.3kB)

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.