See kerf on Wiktionary
{ "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "kerf" }, "expansion": "Middle English kerf", "name": "inh" }, { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "ang", "3": "cyrf", "t": "an act of cutting, a cutting off; a cutting instrument" }, "expansion": "Old English cyrf (“an act of cutting, a cutting off; a cutting instrument”)", "name": "inh" }, { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "gmw-pro", "3": "*kurbi" }, "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *kurbi", "name": "inh" }, { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "gem-pro", "3": "*kurbiz", "t": "a cut; notch; clipping" }, "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *kurbiz (“a cut; notch; clipping”)", "name": "inh" }, { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*gerbʰ-", "t": "to scratch" }, "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gerbʰ- (“to scratch”)", "name": "der" }, { "args": { "1": "stq", "2": "Käärf" }, "expansion": "Saterland Frisian Käärf", "name": "cog" }, { "args": { "1": "fy", "2": "kerf" }, "expansion": "West Frisian kerf", "name": "cog" }, { "args": { "1": "sv", "2": "korv" }, "expansion": "Swedish korv", "name": "cog" }, { "args": { "1": "nl", "2": "kerf" }, "expansion": "Dutch kerf", "name": "cog" }, { "args": { "1": "nds-de", "2": "Karve" }, "expansion": "German Low German Karve", "name": "cog" }, { "args": { "1": "de", "2": "Kerbe" }, "expansion": "German Kerbe", "name": "cog" } ], "etymology_text": "From Middle English kerf, kirf, kyrf, from Old English cyrf (“an act of cutting, a cutting off; a cutting instrument”), from Proto-West Germanic *kurbi, from Proto-Germanic *kurbiz (“a cut; notch; clipping”), from Proto-Indo-European *gerbʰ- (“to scratch”). Cognate with Saterland Frisian Käärf, West Frisian kerf, Swedish korv. Related also to Dutch kerf, German Low German Karve, Karv, German Kerbe.", "forms": [ { "form": "kerfs", "tags": [ "plural" ] } ], "head_templates": [ { "args": {}, "expansion": "kerf (plural kerfs)", "name": "en-noun" } ], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "noun", "related": [ { "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0", "word": "carve" }, { "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0", "word": "swarf" } ], "senses": [ { "categories": [], "glosses": [ "The act of cutting or carving something; a stroke or slice." ], "id": "en-kerf-en-noun-WL6O02-J", "links": [ [ "cutting", "cutting" ], [ "carving", "carving" ], [ "stroke", "stroke" ], [ "slice", "slice" ] ], "raw_glosses": [ "(now rare) The act of cutting or carving something; a stroke or slice." ], "tags": [ "archaic" ] }, { "categories": [ { "_dis": "5 14 10 34 28 10", "kind": "other", "name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" } ], "examples": [ { "ref": "1999, Neal Stephenson, Cryptonomicon:", "text": "They pass through a cleft that has been made across a low range of hills, like a kerf in the top of a log, and enter into a lovely territory of subtly swelling emerald green fields strewn randomly with small white capsules that he takes to be sheep.", "type": "quote" } ], "glosses": [ "The groove or slit created by cutting or sawing something; an incision." ], "id": "en-kerf-en-noun-12PxfEHL", "links": [ [ "groove", "groove" ], [ "slit", "slit" ], [ "incision", "incision" ] ], "translations": [ { "_dis1": "2 65 8 12 11", "code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "rjazka", "sense": "the groove or slit cut in the workpiece", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "рязка" }, { "_dis1": "2 65 8 12 11", "code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "the groove or slit cut in the workpiece", "word": "lovi" }, { "_dis1": "2 65 8 12 11", "code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "the groove or slit cut in the workpiece", "word": "uurros" }, { "_dis1": "2 65 8 12 11", "code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "the groove or slit cut in the workpiece", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "Einschnitt" }, { "_dis1": "2 65 8 12 11", "code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "the groove or slit cut in the workpiece", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "Kerbe" }, { "_dis1": "2 65 8 12 11", "code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "the groove or slit cut in the workpiece", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "Nut" }, { "_dis1": "2 65 8 12 11", "code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "the groove or slit cut in the workpiece", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "Schlitz" }, { "_dis1": "2 65 8 12 11", "code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "the groove or slit cut in the workpiece", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "Schnittfuge" }, { "_dis1": "2 65 8 12 11", "code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "the groove or slit cut in the workpiece", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "Fuge" }, { "_dis1": "2 65 8 12 11", "code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "the groove or slit cut in the workpiece", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "intaccatura" }, { "_dis1": "2 65 8 12 11", "code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "zarúbka", "sense": "the groove or slit cut in the workpiece", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "зару́бка" }, { "_dis1": "2 65 8 12 11", "code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "nadrúb", "sense": "the groove or slit cut in the workpiece", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "надру́б" }, { "_dis1": "2 65 8 12 11", "code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "propíl", "sense": "the groove or slit cut in the workpiece", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "пропи́л" }, { "_dis1": "2 65 8 12 11", "code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "the groove or slit cut in the workpiece", "word": "(u)rez" } ] }, { "examples": [ { "text": "1991, Popular Mechanics, January issue, page 63, \"Thin-kerf blades\", by Rosario Capotostro\nSawing with a thin-kerf blade produces a kerf that's 1/2 to 1/3 the size of a standard blade kerf." } ], "glosses": [ "The portion or quantity (e.g. of wood, hay, turf, wool, etc.) removed or cut off in a given stroke." ], "id": "en-kerf-en-noun-2z84ssip", "links": [ [ "wood", "wood" ], [ "hay", "hay" ], [ "turf", "turf" ], [ "wool", "wool" ] ] }, { "categories": [ { "_dis": "1 13 5 42 30 9", "kind": "other", "name": "English entries with incorrect language header", "parents": [ "Entries with incorrect language header", "Entry maintenance" ], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "4 12 5 40 27 11", "kind": "other", "name": "Entries with translation boxes", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "4 0 22 22 2 1 6 3 18 13 4 1 2 0", "kind": "other", "name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header", "parents": [ "Entries with incorrect language header", "Entry maintenance" ], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "2 1 23 23 1 2 5 2 20 13 5 1 1 1", "kind": "other", "name": "Pages with 3 entries", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "1 0 25 25 1 1 5 1 21 13 4 1 1 0", "kind": "other", "name": "Pages with entries", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "5 14 10 34 28 10", "kind": "other", "name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "3 13 8 37 29 11", "kind": "other", "name": "Terms with Finnish translations", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "4 11 7 37 29 11", "kind": "other", "name": "Terms with French translations", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "3 11 6 39 30 10", "kind": "other", "name": "Terms with German translations", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "3 10 5 41 31 10", "kind": "other", "name": "Terms with Italian translations", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "3 10 5 41 31 10", "kind": "other", "name": "Terms with Russian translations", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "3 13 8 37 29 11", "kind": "other", "name": "Terms with Slovene translations", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "3 11 4 41 30 11", "kind": "other", "name": "Terms with Spanish translations", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" } ], "examples": [ { "text": "1991, Popular Mechanics, January issue, page 63, \"Thin-kerf blades\", by Rosario Capotostro\nSawing with a thin-kerf blade produces a kerf that's 1/2 to 1/3 the size of a standard blade kerf." } ], "glosses": [ "The distance between diverging saw teeth." ], "id": "en-kerf-en-noun-F5O7eh9X", "links": [ [ "diverging", "diverge" ], [ "saw", "saw" ], [ "teeth", "teeth" ] ], "translations": [ { "_dis1": "0 4 1 86 9", "code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "distance between diverging saw teeth", "word": "uurros" }, { "_dis1": "0 4 1 86 9", "code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "distance between diverging saw teeth", "word": "voie" }, { "_dis1": "0 4 1 86 9", "code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "distance between diverging saw teeth", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "Schränkung" }, { "_dis1": "0 4 1 86 9", "code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "distance between diverging saw teeth", "word": "zareza" }, { "_dis1": "0 4 1 86 9", "code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "distance between diverging saw teeth", "word": "širina reza žage" }, { "_dis1": "0 4 1 86 9", "code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "distance between diverging saw teeth", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "traba" } ] }, { "categories": [ { "_dis": "4 0 22 22 2 1 6 3 18 13 4 1 2 0", "kind": "other", "name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header", "parents": [ "Entries with incorrect language header", "Entry maintenance" ], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "2 1 23 23 1 2 5 2 20 13 5 1 1 1", "kind": "other", "name": "Pages with 3 entries", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "1 0 25 25 1 1 5 1 21 13 4 1 1 0", "kind": "other", "name": "Pages with entries", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "5 14 10 34 28 10", "kind": "other", "name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" } ], "examples": [ { "ref": "1941, Vladimir Nabokov, The Real Life of Sebastian Knight, Penguin 1971 edition, page 115:", "text": "Sebastian, still not alone, is seated on the white-and-cinder-grey trunk of a felled tree. […] A Camberwell Beauty skims past and settles on the kerf, fanning its velvety wings.", "type": "quote" } ], "glosses": [ "The flattened, cut-off end of a branch or tree; a stump or sawn-off cross-section." ], "id": "en-kerf-en-noun-yGm9~10U", "links": [ [ "branch", "branch" ], [ "tree", "tree" ], [ "stump", "stump" ] ] } ], "sounds": [ { "ipa": "/kɜː(ɹ)f/" }, { "audio": "en-us-kerf.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/df/En-us-kerf.ogg/En-us-kerf.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/df/En-us-kerf.ogg" }, { "rhymes": "-ɜː(ɹ)f" } ], "word": "kerf" } { "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "kerf" }, "expansion": "Middle English kerf", "name": "inh" }, { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "ang", "3": "cyrf", "t": "an act of cutting, a cutting off; a cutting instrument" }, "expansion": "Old English cyrf (“an act of cutting, a cutting off; a cutting instrument”)", "name": "inh" }, { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "gmw-pro", "3": "*kurbi" }, "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *kurbi", "name": "inh" }, { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "gem-pro", "3": "*kurbiz", "t": "a cut; notch; clipping" }, "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *kurbiz (“a cut; notch; clipping”)", "name": "inh" }, { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*gerbʰ-", "t": "to scratch" }, "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gerbʰ- (“to scratch”)", "name": "der" }, { "args": { "1": "stq", "2": "Käärf" }, "expansion": "Saterland Frisian Käärf", "name": "cog" }, { "args": { "1": "fy", "2": "kerf" }, "expansion": "West Frisian kerf", "name": "cog" }, { "args": { "1": "sv", "2": "korv" }, "expansion": "Swedish korv", "name": "cog" }, { "args": { "1": "nl", "2": "kerf" }, "expansion": "Dutch kerf", "name": "cog" }, { "args": { "1": "nds-de", "2": "Karve" }, "expansion": "German Low German Karve", "name": "cog" }, { "args": { "1": "de", "2": "Kerbe" }, "expansion": "German Kerbe", "name": "cog" } ], "etymology_text": "From Middle English kerf, kirf, kyrf, from Old English cyrf (“an act of cutting, a cutting off; a cutting instrument”), from Proto-West Germanic *kurbi, from Proto-Germanic *kurbiz (“a cut; notch; clipping”), from Proto-Indo-European *gerbʰ- (“to scratch”). Cognate with Saterland Frisian Käärf, West Frisian kerf, Swedish korv. Related also to Dutch kerf, German Low German Karve, Karv, German Kerbe.", "forms": [ { "form": "kerfs", "tags": [ "present", "singular", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "kerfing", "tags": [ "participle", "present" ] }, { "form": "kerfed", "tags": [ "participle", "past" ] }, { "form": "kerfed", "tags": [ "past" ] } ], "head_templates": [ { "args": {}, "expansion": "kerf (third-person singular simple present kerfs, present participle kerfing, simple past and past participle kerfed)", "name": "en-verb" } ], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "verb", "senses": [ { "glosses": [ "To cut a piece of wood or other material with several kerfs to allow it to be bent." ], "id": "en-kerf-en-verb-FHg-HlYK" } ], "sounds": [ { "ipa": "/kɜː(ɹ)f/" }, { "audio": "en-us-kerf.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/df/En-us-kerf.ogg/En-us-kerf.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/df/En-us-kerf.ogg" }, { "rhymes": "-ɜː(ɹ)f" } ], "word": "kerf" } { "derived": [ { "_dis1": "0 0", "word": "kerfbank" }, { "_dis1": "0 0", "word": "kerfdier" }, { "_dis1": "0 0", "word": "kerfstok" } ], "etymology_number": 1, "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "nl", "2": "dum", "3": "kerve" }, "expansion": "Middle Dutch kerve", "name": "inh" }, { "args": { "1": "nl", "2": "de", "3": "Kerf" }, "expansion": "German Kerf", "name": "der" } ], "etymology_text": "From Middle Dutch kerve; see the verb kerven. The sense “insect” was borrowed from German Kerf.", "forms": [ { "form": "kerven", "tags": [ "plural" ] }, { "form": "kerfje", "tags": [ "diminutive", "neuter" ] } ], "head_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "m", "2": "kerven", "3": "+" }, "expansion": "kerf m (plural kerven, diminutive kerfje n)", "name": "nl-noun" } ], "hyphenation": [ "kerf" ], "lang": "Dutch", "lang_code": "nl", "pos": "noun", "senses": [ { "glosses": [ "a carve or groove" ], "id": "en-kerf-nl-noun-1E7OwCkm", "links": [ [ "carve", "carve" ], [ "groove", "groove" ] ], "tags": [ "masculine" ] }, { "categories": [], "glosses": [ "insect" ], "id": "en-kerf-nl-noun-23MEMZ7X", "links": [ [ "insect", "insect" ] ], "raw_glosses": [ "(rare, obsolete) insect" ], "synonyms": [ { "word": "insect" }, { "word": "kerfdier" }, { "word": "gekorven dier" } ], "tags": [ "masculine", "obsolete", "rare" ] } ], "sounds": [ { "ipa": "/kɛrf/" }, { "audio": "Nl-kerf.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/21/Nl-kerf.ogg/Nl-kerf.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/21/Nl-kerf.ogg" }, { "rhymes": "-ɛrf" } ], "word": "kerf" } { "etymology_number": 2, "etymology_templates": [ { "args": {}, "expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.", "name": "nonlemma" } ], "etymology_text": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.", "head_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "nl", "2": "verb form" }, "expansion": "kerf", "name": "head" } ], "hyphenation": [ "kerf" ], "lang": "Dutch", "lang_code": "nl", "pos": "verb", "senses": [ { "categories": [ { "_dis": "4 0 22 22 2 1 6 3 18 13 4 1 2 0", "kind": "other", "name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header", "parents": [ "Entries with incorrect language header", "Entry maintenance" ], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "2 1 23 23 1 2 5 2 20 13 5 1 1 1", "kind": "other", "name": "Pages with 3 entries", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "1 0 25 25 1 1 5 1 21 13 4 1 1 0", "kind": "other", "name": "Pages with entries", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "6 0 44 44 6", "kind": "other", "name": "Dutch entries with incorrect language header", "parents": [ "Entries with incorrect language header", "Entry maintenance" ], "source": "w+disamb" } ], "form_of": [ { "word": "kerven" } ], "glosses": [ "inflection of kerven:", "first-person singular present indicative" ], "id": "en-kerf-nl-verb-g~JbntX1", "links": [ [ "kerven", "kerven#Dutch" ] ], "tags": [ "first-person", "form-of", "indicative", "present", "singular" ] }, { "categories": [ { "_dis": "4 0 22 22 2 1 6 3 18 13 4 1 2 0", "kind": "other", "name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header", "parents": [ "Entries with incorrect language header", "Entry maintenance" ], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "2 1 23 23 1 2 5 2 20 13 5 1 1 1", "kind": "other", "name": "Pages with 3 entries", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "1 0 25 25 1 1 5 1 21 13 4 1 1 0", "kind": "other", "name": "Pages with entries", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "6 0 44 44 6", "kind": "other", "name": "Dutch entries with incorrect language header", "parents": [ "Entries with incorrect language header", "Entry maintenance" ], "source": "w+disamb" } ], "form_of": [ { "word": "kerven" } ], "glosses": [ "inflection of kerven:", "second-person singular present indicative" ], "id": "en-kerf-nl-verb-l3dUbAw5", "links": [ [ "kerven", "kerven#Dutch" ] ], "raw_glosses": [ "inflection of kerven:", "(in case of inversion) second-person singular present indicative" ], "raw_tags": [ "in case of inversion" ], "tags": [ "form-of", "indicative", "present", "second-person", "singular" ] }, { "form_of": [ { "word": "kerven" } ], "glosses": [ "inflection of kerven:", "imperative" ], "id": "en-kerf-nl-verb-7~-5XcYg", "links": [ [ "kerven", "kerven#Dutch" ] ], "tags": [ "form-of", "imperative" ] } ], "sounds": [ { "ipa": "/kɛrf/" }, { "audio": "Nl-kerf.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/21/Nl-kerf.ogg/Nl-kerf.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/21/Nl-kerf.ogg" }, { "rhymes": "-ɛrf" } ], "word": "kerf" } { "descendants": [ { "depth": 1, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "kerf", "3": "carf" }, "expansion": "English: kerf, carf", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "English: kerf, carf" }, { "depth": 1, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "sco", "2": "kerf", "3": "carf" }, "expansion": "Scots: kerf, carf", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "Scots: kerf, carf" } ], "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "enm", "2": "ang", "3": "cyrf" }, "expansion": "Old English cyrf", "name": "inh" }, { "args": { "1": "enm", "2": "gmw-pro", "3": "*kurbi" }, "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *kurbi", "name": "inh" }, { "args": { "1": "enm", "2": "gem-pro", "3": "*kurbiz" }, "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *kurbiz", "name": "inh" } ], "etymology_text": "From Old English cyrf, from Proto-West Germanic *kurbi, from Proto-Germanic *kurbiz.\nThe predominance of forms in -e- is probably due to the influence of kerven.", "forms": [ { "form": "kerves", "tags": [ "plural" ] } ], "head_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "enm", "2": "nouns", "g": "", "g2": "", "g3": "", "head": "", "sort": "" }, "expansion": "kerf", "name": "head" }, { "args": { "1": "kerves" }, "expansion": "kerf (plural kerves)", "name": "enm-noun" } ], "lang": "Middle English", "lang_code": "enm", "pos": "noun", "senses": [ { "glosses": [ "The act of cutting or carving; a stroke or slice." ], "id": "en-kerf-enm-noun-wbC8Hz6I", "links": [ [ "cutting", "cutting" ], [ "carving", "carving" ], [ "stroke", "stroke" ], [ "slice", "slice" ] ] }, { "categories": [], "glosses": [ "An incision; the result of cutting." ], "id": "en-kerf-enm-noun-fb68FhKS", "links": [ [ "incision", "incision" ], [ "cutting", "cutting" ] ], "raw_glosses": [ "(rare) An incision; the result of cutting." ], "tags": [ "rare" ] }, { "categories": [], "glosses": [ "The edge of a blade." ], "id": "en-kerf-enm-noun-sTEh0HFz", "links": [ [ "edge", "edge" ], [ "blade", "blade" ] ], "raw_glosses": [ "(rare) The edge of a blade." ], "tags": [ "rare" ] } ], "sounds": [ { "ipa": "/kɛrf/" }, { "ipa": "/kirf/" } ], "synonyms": [ { "_dis1": "0 0 0", "word": "carffe" }, { "_dis1": "0 0 0", "word": "kerfe" }, { "_dis1": "0 0 0", "word": "kirf" }, { "_dis1": "0 0 0", "word": "kyrf" } ], "word": "kerf" }
{ "categories": [ "Dutch entries with incorrect language header", "Dutch lemmas", "Dutch masculine nouns", "Dutch non-lemma forms", "Dutch nouns", "Dutch terms derived from German", "Dutch terms derived from Middle Dutch", "Dutch terms inherited from Middle Dutch", "Dutch verb forms", "Middle English entries with incorrect language header", "Middle English lemmas", "Middle English nouns", "Middle English terms derived from Old English", "Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic", "Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic", "Middle English terms inherited from Old English", "Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic", "Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic", "Pages with 3 entries", "Pages with entries", "Rhymes:Dutch/ɛrf", "Rhymes:Dutch/ɛrf/1 syllable", "nl-noun plural matches generated form" ], "derived": [ { "word": "kerfbank" }, { "word": "kerfdier" }, { "word": "kerfstok" } ], "etymology_number": 1, "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "nl", "2": "dum", "3": "kerve" }, "expansion": "Middle Dutch kerve", "name": "inh" }, { "args": { "1": "nl", "2": "de", "3": "Kerf" }, "expansion": "German Kerf", "name": "der" } ], "etymology_text": "From Middle Dutch kerve; see the verb kerven. The sense “insect” was borrowed from German Kerf.", "forms": [ { "form": "kerven", "tags": [ "plural" ] }, { "form": "kerfje", "tags": [ "diminutive", "neuter" ] } ], "head_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "m", "2": "kerven", "3": "+" }, "expansion": "kerf m (plural kerven, diminutive kerfje n)", "name": "nl-noun" } ], "hyphenation": [ "kerf" ], "lang": "Dutch", "lang_code": "nl", "pos": "noun", "senses": [ { "glosses": [ "a carve or groove" ], "links": [ [ "carve", "carve" ], [ "groove", "groove" ] ], "tags": [ "masculine" ] }, { "categories": [ "Dutch terms with obsolete senses", "Dutch terms with rare senses" ], "glosses": [ "insect" ], "links": [ [ "insect", "insect" ] ], "raw_glosses": [ "(rare, obsolete) insect" ], "synonyms": [ { "word": "insect" }, { "word": "kerfdier" }, { "word": "gekorven dier" } ], "tags": [ "masculine", "obsolete", "rare" ] } ], "sounds": [ { "ipa": "/kɛrf/" }, { "audio": "Nl-kerf.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/21/Nl-kerf.ogg/Nl-kerf.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/21/Nl-kerf.ogg" }, { "rhymes": "-ɛrf" } ], "word": "kerf" } { "categories": [ "Dutch entries with incorrect language header", "Dutch non-lemma forms", "Dutch verb forms", "Middle English entries with incorrect language header", "Middle English lemmas", "Middle English nouns", "Middle English terms derived from Old English", "Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic", "Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic", "Middle English terms inherited from Old English", "Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic", "Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic", "Pages with 3 entries", "Pages with entries", "Rhymes:Dutch/ɛrf", "Rhymes:Dutch/ɛrf/1 syllable" ], "etymology_number": 2, "etymology_templates": [ { "args": {}, "expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.", "name": "nonlemma" } ], "etymology_text": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.", "head_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "nl", "2": "verb form" }, "expansion": "kerf", "name": "head" } ], "hyphenation": [ "kerf" ], "lang": "Dutch", "lang_code": "nl", "pos": "verb", "senses": [ { "form_of": [ { "word": "kerven" } ], "glosses": [ "inflection of kerven:", "first-person singular present indicative" ], "links": [ [ "kerven", "kerven#Dutch" ] ], "tags": [ "first-person", "form-of", "indicative", "present", "singular" ] }, { "form_of": [ { "word": "kerven" } ], "glosses": [ "inflection of kerven:", "second-person singular present indicative" ], "links": [ [ "kerven", "kerven#Dutch" ] ], "raw_glosses": [ "inflection of kerven:", "(in case of inversion) second-person singular present indicative" ], "raw_tags": [ "in case of inversion" ], "tags": [ "form-of", "indicative", "present", "second-person", "singular" ] }, { "form_of": [ { "word": "kerven" } ], "glosses": [ "inflection of kerven:", "imperative" ], "links": [ [ "kerven", "kerven#Dutch" ] ], "tags": [ "form-of", "imperative" ] } ], "sounds": [ { "ipa": "/kɛrf/" }, { "audio": "Nl-kerf.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/21/Nl-kerf.ogg/Nl-kerf.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/21/Nl-kerf.ogg" }, { "rhymes": "-ɛrf" } ], "word": "kerf" } { "categories": [ "English countable nouns", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English lemmas", "English nouns", "English terms derived from Middle English", "English terms derived from Old English", "English terms derived from Proto-Germanic", "English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European", "English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic", "English terms inherited from Middle English", "English terms inherited from Old English", "English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic", "English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic", "English verbs", "Entries with translation boxes", "Middle English entries with incorrect language header", "Middle English lemmas", "Middle English nouns", "Middle English terms derived from Old English", "Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic", "Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic", "Middle English terms inherited from Old English", "Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic", "Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic", "Pages with 3 entries", "Pages with entries", "Requests for review of Russian translations", "Rhymes:English/ɜː(ɹ)f", "Rhymes:English/ɜː(ɹ)f/1 syllable", "Terms with Bulgarian translations", "Terms with Finnish translations", "Terms with French translations", "Terms with German translations", "Terms with Italian translations", "Terms with Russian translations", "Terms with Slovene translations", "Terms with Spanish translations" ], "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "kerf" }, "expansion": "Middle English kerf", "name": "inh" }, { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "ang", "3": "cyrf", "t": "an act of cutting, a cutting off; a cutting instrument" }, "expansion": "Old English cyrf (“an act of cutting, a cutting off; a cutting instrument”)", "name": "inh" }, { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "gmw-pro", "3": "*kurbi" }, "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *kurbi", "name": "inh" }, { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "gem-pro", "3": "*kurbiz", "t": "a cut; notch; clipping" }, "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *kurbiz (“a cut; notch; clipping”)", "name": "inh" }, { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*gerbʰ-", "t": "to scratch" }, "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gerbʰ- (“to scratch”)", "name": "der" }, { "args": { "1": "stq", "2": "Käärf" }, "expansion": "Saterland Frisian Käärf", "name": "cog" }, { "args": { "1": "fy", "2": "kerf" }, "expansion": "West Frisian kerf", "name": "cog" }, { "args": { "1": "sv", "2": "korv" }, "expansion": "Swedish korv", "name": "cog" }, { "args": { "1": "nl", "2": "kerf" }, "expansion": "Dutch kerf", "name": "cog" }, { "args": { "1": "nds-de", "2": "Karve" }, "expansion": "German Low German Karve", "name": "cog" }, { "args": { "1": "de", "2": "Kerbe" }, "expansion": "German Kerbe", "name": "cog" } ], "etymology_text": "From Middle English kerf, kirf, kyrf, from Old English cyrf (“an act of cutting, a cutting off; a cutting instrument”), from Proto-West Germanic *kurbi, from Proto-Germanic *kurbiz (“a cut; notch; clipping”), from Proto-Indo-European *gerbʰ- (“to scratch”). Cognate with Saterland Frisian Käärf, West Frisian kerf, Swedish korv. Related also to Dutch kerf, German Low German Karve, Karv, German Kerbe.", "forms": [ { "form": "kerfs", "tags": [ "plural" ] } ], "head_templates": [ { "args": {}, "expansion": "kerf (plural kerfs)", "name": "en-noun" } ], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "noun", "related": [ { "word": "carve" }, { "word": "swarf" } ], "senses": [ { "categories": [ "English terms with rare senses" ], "glosses": [ "The act of cutting or carving something; a stroke or slice." ], "links": [ [ "cutting", "cutting" ], [ "carving", "carving" ], [ "stroke", "stroke" ], [ "slice", "slice" ] ], "raw_glosses": [ "(now rare) The act of cutting or carving something; a stroke or slice." ], "tags": [ "archaic" ] }, { "categories": [ "English terms with quotations" ], "examples": [ { "ref": "1999, Neal Stephenson, Cryptonomicon:", "text": "They pass through a cleft that has been made across a low range of hills, like a kerf in the top of a log, and enter into a lovely territory of subtly swelling emerald green fields strewn randomly with small white capsules that he takes to be sheep.", "type": "quote" } ], "glosses": [ "The groove or slit created by cutting or sawing something; an incision." ], "links": [ [ "groove", "groove" ], [ "slit", "slit" ], [ "incision", "incision" ] ] }, { "examples": [ { "text": "1991, Popular Mechanics, January issue, page 63, \"Thin-kerf blades\", by Rosario Capotostro\nSawing with a thin-kerf blade produces a kerf that's 1/2 to 1/3 the size of a standard blade kerf." } ], "glosses": [ "The portion or quantity (e.g. of wood, hay, turf, wool, etc.) removed or cut off in a given stroke." ], "links": [ [ "wood", "wood" ], [ "hay", "hay" ], [ "turf", "turf" ], [ "wool", "wool" ] ] }, { "examples": [ { "text": "1991, Popular Mechanics, January issue, page 63, \"Thin-kerf blades\", by Rosario Capotostro\nSawing with a thin-kerf blade produces a kerf that's 1/2 to 1/3 the size of a standard blade kerf." } ], "glosses": [ "The distance between diverging saw teeth." ], "links": [ [ "diverging", "diverge" ], [ "saw", "saw" ], [ "teeth", "teeth" ] ] }, { "categories": [ "English terms with quotations" ], "examples": [ { "ref": "1941, Vladimir Nabokov, The Real Life of Sebastian Knight, Penguin 1971 edition, page 115:", "text": "Sebastian, still not alone, is seated on the white-and-cinder-grey trunk of a felled tree. […] A Camberwell Beauty skims past and settles on the kerf, fanning its velvety wings.", "type": "quote" } ], "glosses": [ "The flattened, cut-off end of a branch or tree; a stump or sawn-off cross-section." ], "links": [ [ "branch", "branch" ], [ "tree", "tree" ], [ "stump", "stump" ] ] } ], "sounds": [ { "ipa": "/kɜː(ɹ)f/" }, { "audio": "en-us-kerf.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/df/En-us-kerf.ogg/En-us-kerf.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/df/En-us-kerf.ogg" }, { "rhymes": "-ɜː(ɹ)f" } ], "translations": [ { "code": "bg", "lang": "Bulgarian", "roman": "rjazka", "sense": "the groove or slit cut in the workpiece", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "рязка" }, { "code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "the groove or slit cut in the workpiece", "word": "lovi" }, { "code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "the groove or slit cut in the workpiece", "word": "uurros" }, { "code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "the groove or slit cut in the workpiece", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "Einschnitt" }, { "code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "the groove or slit cut in the workpiece", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "Kerbe" }, { "code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "the groove or slit cut in the workpiece", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "Nut" }, { "code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "the groove or slit cut in the workpiece", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "Schlitz" }, { "code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "the groove or slit cut in the workpiece", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "Schnittfuge" }, { "code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "the groove or slit cut in the workpiece", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "Fuge" }, { "code": "it", "lang": "Italian", "sense": "the groove or slit cut in the workpiece", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "intaccatura" }, { "code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "zarúbka", "sense": "the groove or slit cut in the workpiece", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "зару́бка" }, { "code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "nadrúb", "sense": "the groove or slit cut in the workpiece", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "надру́б" }, { "code": "ru", "lang": "Russian", "roman": "propíl", "sense": "the groove or slit cut in the workpiece", "tags": [ "masculine" ], "word": "пропи́л" }, { "code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "the groove or slit cut in the workpiece", "word": "(u)rez" }, { "code": "fi", "lang": "Finnish", "sense": "distance between diverging saw teeth", "word": "uurros" }, { "code": "fr", "lang": "French", "sense": "distance between diverging saw teeth", "word": "voie" }, { "code": "de", "lang": "German", "sense": "distance between diverging saw teeth", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "Schränkung" }, { "code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "distance between diverging saw teeth", "word": "zareza" }, { "code": "sl", "lang": "Slovene", "sense": "distance between diverging saw teeth", "word": "širina reza žage" }, { "code": "es", "lang": "Spanish", "sense": "distance between diverging saw teeth", "tags": [ "feminine" ], "word": "traba" } ], "word": "kerf" } { "categories": [ "English countable nouns", "English entries with incorrect language header", "English lemmas", "English nouns", "English terms derived from Middle English", "English terms derived from Old English", "English terms derived from Proto-Germanic", "English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European", "English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic", "English terms inherited from Middle English", "English terms inherited from Old English", "English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic", "English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic", "English verbs", "Entries with translation boxes", "Middle English entries with incorrect language header", "Middle English lemmas", "Middle English nouns", "Middle English terms derived from Old English", "Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic", "Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic", "Middle English terms inherited from Old English", "Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic", "Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic", "Pages with 3 entries", "Pages with entries", "Requests for review of Russian translations", "Rhymes:English/ɜː(ɹ)f", "Rhymes:English/ɜː(ɹ)f/1 syllable", "Terms with Bulgarian translations", "Terms with Finnish translations", "Terms with French translations", "Terms with German translations", "Terms with Italian translations", "Terms with Russian translations", "Terms with Slovene translations", "Terms with Spanish translations" ], "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "enm", "3": "kerf" }, "expansion": "Middle English kerf", "name": "inh" }, { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "ang", "3": "cyrf", "t": "an act of cutting, a cutting off; a cutting instrument" }, "expansion": "Old English cyrf (“an act of cutting, a cutting off; a cutting instrument”)", "name": "inh" }, { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "gmw-pro", "3": "*kurbi" }, "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *kurbi", "name": "inh" }, { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "gem-pro", "3": "*kurbiz", "t": "a cut; notch; clipping" }, "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *kurbiz (“a cut; notch; clipping”)", "name": "inh" }, { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*gerbʰ-", "t": "to scratch" }, "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gerbʰ- (“to scratch”)", "name": "der" }, { "args": { "1": "stq", "2": "Käärf" }, "expansion": "Saterland Frisian Käärf", "name": "cog" }, { "args": { "1": "fy", "2": "kerf" }, "expansion": "West Frisian kerf", "name": "cog" }, { "args": { "1": "sv", "2": "korv" }, "expansion": "Swedish korv", "name": "cog" }, { "args": { "1": "nl", "2": "kerf" }, "expansion": "Dutch kerf", "name": "cog" }, { "args": { "1": "nds-de", "2": "Karve" }, "expansion": "German Low German Karve", "name": "cog" }, { "args": { "1": "de", "2": "Kerbe" }, "expansion": "German Kerbe", "name": "cog" } ], "etymology_text": "From Middle English kerf, kirf, kyrf, from Old English cyrf (“an act of cutting, a cutting off; a cutting instrument”), from Proto-West Germanic *kurbi, from Proto-Germanic *kurbiz (“a cut; notch; clipping”), from Proto-Indo-European *gerbʰ- (“to scratch”). Cognate with Saterland Frisian Käärf, West Frisian kerf, Swedish korv. Related also to Dutch kerf, German Low German Karve, Karv, German Kerbe.", "forms": [ { "form": "kerfs", "tags": [ "present", "singular", "third-person" ] }, { "form": "kerfing", "tags": [ "participle", "present" ] }, { "form": "kerfed", "tags": [ "participle", "past" ] }, { "form": "kerfed", "tags": [ "past" ] } ], "head_templates": [ { "args": {}, "expansion": "kerf (third-person singular simple present kerfs, present participle kerfing, simple past and past participle kerfed)", "name": "en-verb" } ], "lang": "English", "lang_code": "en", "pos": "verb", "senses": [ { "glosses": [ "To cut a piece of wood or other material with several kerfs to allow it to be bent." ] } ], "sounds": [ { "ipa": "/kɜː(ɹ)f/" }, { "audio": "en-us-kerf.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/df/En-us-kerf.ogg/En-us-kerf.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/df/En-us-kerf.ogg" }, { "rhymes": "-ɜː(ɹ)f" } ], "word": "kerf" } { "categories": [ "Middle English entries with incorrect language header", "Middle English lemmas", "Middle English nouns", "Middle English terms derived from Old English", "Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic", "Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic", "Middle English terms inherited from Old English", "Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic", "Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic", "Pages with 3 entries", "Pages with entries" ], "descendants": [ { "depth": 1, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "en", "2": "kerf", "3": "carf" }, "expansion": "English: kerf, carf", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "English: kerf, carf" }, { "depth": 1, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "sco", "2": "kerf", "3": "carf" }, "expansion": "Scots: kerf, carf", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "Scots: kerf, carf" } ], "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "enm", "2": "ang", "3": "cyrf" }, "expansion": "Old English cyrf", "name": "inh" }, { "args": { "1": "enm", "2": "gmw-pro", "3": "*kurbi" }, "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *kurbi", "name": "inh" }, { "args": { "1": "enm", "2": "gem-pro", "3": "*kurbiz" }, "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *kurbiz", "name": "inh" } ], "etymology_text": "From Old English cyrf, from Proto-West Germanic *kurbi, from Proto-Germanic *kurbiz.\nThe predominance of forms in -e- is probably due to the influence of kerven.", "forms": [ { "form": "kerves", "tags": [ "plural" ] } ], "head_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "enm", "2": "nouns", "g": "", "g2": "", "g3": "", "head": "", "sort": "" }, "expansion": "kerf", "name": "head" }, { "args": { "1": "kerves" }, "expansion": "kerf (plural kerves)", "name": "enm-noun" } ], "lang": "Middle English", "lang_code": "enm", "pos": "noun", "senses": [ { "glosses": [ "The act of cutting or carving; a stroke or slice." ], "links": [ [ "cutting", "cutting" ], [ "carving", "carving" ], [ "stroke", "stroke" ], [ "slice", "slice" ] ] }, { "categories": [ "Middle English terms with rare senses" ], "glosses": [ "An incision; the result of cutting." ], "links": [ [ "incision", "incision" ], [ "cutting", "cutting" ] ], "raw_glosses": [ "(rare) An incision; the result of cutting." ], "tags": [ "rare" ] }, { "categories": [ "Middle English terms with rare senses" ], "glosses": [ "The edge of a blade." ], "links": [ [ "edge", "edge" ], [ "blade", "blade" ] ], "raw_glosses": [ "(rare) The edge of a blade." ], "tags": [ "rare" ] } ], "sounds": [ { "ipa": "/kɛrf/" }, { "ipa": "/kirf/" } ], "synonyms": [ { "word": "carffe" }, { "word": "kerfe" }, { "word": "kirf" }, { "word": "kyrf" } ], "word": "kerf" }
Download raw JSONL data for kerf meaning in All languages combined (19.0kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.