See keras on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for keras meaning in All languages combined (16.3kB)
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "et",
"2": "noun form"
},
"expansion": "keras",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Estonian",
"lang_code": "et",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Estonian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "kera"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inessive singular of kera"
],
"id": "en-keras-et-noun-UuZokZQV",
"links": [
[
"kera",
"kera#Estonian"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"inessive",
"singular"
]
}
],
"word": "keras"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "berkeras"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "berkeras-keras"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "berkeras-kerasan"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "bersikeras"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "kekerasan"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "keras-mengerasi"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "memperkeras"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "mengeras"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "mengerasi"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "mengeraskan"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "pengeras"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "pengerasan"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "perkerasan"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "terkeras"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "ms",
"3": "keras"
},
"expansion": "Malay keras",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "ms-cla",
"3": "keras"
},
"expansion": "Classical Malay keras",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "poz-pro",
"3": "*kəʀas"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kəʀas",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Malay keras, from Classical Malay keras, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kəʀas.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kêras",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "adjective",
"head": "kêras"
},
"expansion": "kêras",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"ke‧ras"
],
"hyponyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "keras hati"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "keras kepala"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "keras kerak"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "keras lidah"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "keras mangkas"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "keras mulut"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "keras tulang"
}
],
"lang": "Indonesian",
"lang_code": "id",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Roti itu terlalu keras untuk dipotong.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hard,",
"Resistant to pressure."
],
"id": "en-keras-id-adj-Zz7JtY8I",
"links": [
[
"hard",
"hard"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"hard,",
"(of material) Resistant to pressure."
],
"raw_tags": [
"of material"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "kuat"
}
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "gampang"
},
{
"word": "mudah"
}
],
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Ia baru menyadari kerasnya kehidupan",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hard,",
"Demanding a lot of effort to endure."
],
"id": "en-keras-id-adj-ZncrA5jD",
"links": [
[
"hard",
"hard"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"hard,",
"(figurative) Demanding a lot of effort to endure."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "pelik"
},
{
"word": "sulit"
},
{
"word": "susah"
}
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "lembut"
}
],
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "kata-kata keras",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hard,",
"Severe, harsh."
],
"id": "en-keras-id-adj-p9dn5~WO",
"links": [
[
"hard",
"hard"
],
[
"Severe",
"severe"
],
[
"harsh",
"harsh"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"hard,",
"(figurative) Severe, harsh."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "2 1 15 23 14 1 1 2 8 2 2 3 1 0 0 7 16 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Indonesian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Obat keras.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hard,",
"Having a high concentration of an essential or active ingredient; strong."
],
"id": "en-keras-id-adj-6gEBsdNa",
"links": [
[
"hard",
"hard"
],
[
"strong",
"strong"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"hard,",
"(of drugs, figurative) Having a high concentration of an essential or active ingredient; strong."
],
"raw_tags": [
"of drugs"
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "lembek"
},
{
"word": "loyo"
},
{
"word": "tidur"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hard,",
"Having an erect penis; erect."
],
"id": "en-keras-id-adj-S50RvaFa",
"links": [
[
"hard",
"hard"
],
[
"erect",
"erect"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"hard,",
"(of a man, figurative) Having an erect penis; erect."
],
"raw_tags": [
"of a man"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "bangun"
},
{
"word": "ereksi"
},
{
"word": "tegang"
}
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "pelan"
}
],
"glosses": [
"strong",
"Having a lot of power."
],
"id": "en-keras-id-adj-NXsN~OWL",
"links": [
[
"strong",
"strong"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"strong",
"(of wind, figurative) Having a lot of power."
],
"raw_tags": [
"of wind"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "cepat"
},
{
"word": "kencang"
}
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "ringan"
}
],
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Ia sakit keras",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"strong",
"Very bad or intense; severe."
],
"id": "en-keras-id-adj-ve0f~vPp",
"links": [
[
"strong",
"strong"
],
[
"severe",
"severe"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"strong",
"(of disease or symptom, figurative) Very bad or intense; severe."
],
"raw_tags": [
"of disease or symptom"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "parah"
},
{
"word": "payah"
}
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"strong",
"Having an offensive or intense odor."
],
"id": "en-keras-id-adj-qg9jbMpj",
"links": [
[
"strong",
"strong"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"strong",
"(figurative) Having an offensive or intense odor."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "lembut"
}
],
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Ototnya sangat keras dan alot.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"rigid; firm; stiff."
],
"id": "en-keras-id-adj-alNmgp-J",
"links": [
[
"rigid",
"rigid"
],
[
"firm",
"firm"
],
[
"stiff",
"stiff"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(material state) rigid; firm; stiff."
],
"tags": [
"material"
],
"topics": [
"state"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Difficult to cut or chew; tough."
],
"id": "en-keras-id-adj-jQr4lp3M",
"links": [
[
"Difficult",
"difficult"
],
[
"cut",
"cut"
],
[
"chew",
"chew"
],
[
"tough",
"tough"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(of foods, figurative) Difficult to cut or chew; tough."
],
"raw_tags": [
"of foods"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "kenyal"
},
{
"word": "liat"
}
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "pelan"
}
],
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Ia menarik secara keras kedua tangan anaknya yang menangis meronta-ronta",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Likely to use physical force; violent."
],
"id": "en-keras-id-adj-OKGAp6Vr",
"links": [
[
"physical",
"physical"
],
[
"force",
"force"
],
[
"violent",
"violent"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figurative) Likely to use physical force; violent."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "kuat"
}
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "lembut"
},
{
"word": "pelan"
}
],
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Suaranya sangat keras sehingga menggangu orang lain.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Of great intensity; loud."
],
"id": "en-keras-id-adj-Y7ssR8Bi",
"links": [
[
"intensity",
"intensity"
],
[
"loud",
"loud"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(of a sound, figurative) Of great intensity; loud."
],
"raw_tags": [
"of a sound"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "kuat"
},
{
"word": "nyaring"
}
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Moving with great speed; fast."
],
"id": "en-keras-id-adj-jNWAEdeD",
"links": [
[
"fast",
"fast"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(of water current, figurative) Moving with great speed; fast."
],
"raw_tags": [
"of water current"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "deras"
}
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"very heavy"
],
"id": "en-keras-id-adj-ki0Tyzh-",
"links": [
[
"heavy",
"heavy"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(of rainfall, figurative) very heavy"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of rainfall"
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"fixed"
],
"id": "en-keras-id-adj-mSqTRVxx",
"links": [
[
"fixed",
"fixed"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(of opinion, figurative) fixed"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of opinion"
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"With speed; in a rapid manner; rapidly."
],
"id": "en-keras-id-adj-nhAt8abR",
"links": [
[
"speed",
"speed"
],
[
"rapid",
"rapid"
],
[
"rapidly",
"rapidly"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(of price, figurative) With speed; in a rapid manner; rapidly."
],
"raw_tags": [
"of price"
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "ringan"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Likely cause dizziness"
],
"id": "en-keras-id-adj-bFnT0Xfh",
"raw_glosses": [
"(of cigarettes, figurative) Likely cause dizziness"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of cigarettes"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "berat"
}
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"strong, strict and seriously"
],
"id": "en-keras-id-adj-NBnW8noO"
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kəˈras/"
}
],
"word": "keras"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*k(ʷ)er(H)-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *k(ʷ)er(H)-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*kory",
"3": "",
"4": "root"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *kory (“root”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "cȩrs",
"3": "",
"4": "bush, knotty root of a tree"
},
"expansion": "Latvian cȩrs (“bush, knotty root of a tree”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *k(ʷ)er(H)-. Cognate with Proto-Slavic *kory (“root”) and Latvian cȩrs (“bush, knotty root of a tree”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kẽras",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"masculine",
"stress-pattern-4"
]
},
{
"form": "keraĩ",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "lt-noun-m-as-4",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "kẽras",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "keraĩ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kẽro",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kerų̃",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kẽrui",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "keráms",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kẽrą",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kerùs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kerù",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "keraĩs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kerè",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "keruosè",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kẽre",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "keraĩ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"10": "{{{m}}}",
"2": "nouns",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "plural",
"6": "keraĩ",
"7": "",
"8": "{{{f}}}",
"9": "",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"head": "kẽras"
},
"expansion": "kẽras m (plural keraĩ)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "keraĩ",
"3": "4",
"head": "kẽras"
},
"expansion": "kẽras m (plural keraĩ) stress pattern 4",
"name": "lt-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kẽras",
"10": "keraĩs",
"11": "kerè",
"12": "keruosè",
"13": "kẽre",
"14": "keraĩ",
"2": "keraĩ",
"3": "kẽro",
"4": "kerų̃",
"5": "kẽrui",
"6": "keráms",
"7": "kẽrą",
"8": "kerùs",
"9": "kerù"
},
"name": "lt-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"lang_code": "lt",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"bush, shrub"
],
"id": "en-keras-lt-noun-Y9AmCVTI",
"links": [
[
"bush",
"bush"
],
[
"shrub",
"shrub"
]
]
}
],
"word": "keras"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "ine-bsl-pro",
"3": "*ker-",
"4": "*ker-, *kēr-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic *ker-, *kēr-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*kʷer-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kʷer-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*čarъ",
"3": "",
"4": "magic, sorcery"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *čarъ (“magic, sorcery”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Balto-Slavic *ker-, *kēr-, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷer-. Cognate with Proto-Slavic *čarъ (“magic, sorcery”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kẽras",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"masculine",
"stress-pattern-4"
]
},
{
"form": "keraĩ",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "lt-noun-m-as-4",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "kẽras",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "keraĩ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kẽro",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kerų̃",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kẽrui",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "keráms",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kẽrą",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kerùs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kerù",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "keraĩs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kerè",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "keruosè",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kẽre",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "keraĩ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"10": "{{{m}}}",
"2": "nouns",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "plural",
"6": "keraĩ",
"7": "",
"8": "{{{f}}}",
"9": "",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"head": "kẽras"
},
"expansion": "kẽras m (plural keraĩ)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "keraĩ",
"3": "4",
"head": "kẽras"
},
"expansion": "kẽras m (plural keraĩ) stress pattern 4",
"name": "lt-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kẽras",
"10": "keraĩs",
"11": "kerè",
"12": "keruosè",
"13": "kẽre",
"14": "keraĩ",
"2": "keraĩ",
"3": "kẽro",
"4": "kerų̃",
"5": "kẽrui",
"6": "keráms",
"7": "kẽrą",
"8": "kerùs",
"9": "kerù"
},
"name": "lt-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"lang_code": "lt",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "33 67",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Lithuanian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"divination, sorcery, enchantment"
],
"id": "en-keras-lt-noun-Wk64vGjj",
"links": [
[
"divination",
"divination"
],
[
"sorcery",
"sorcery"
],
[
"enchantment",
"enchantment"
]
]
}
],
"word": "keras"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "kekerasan"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "keraskan"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "kerasi"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "mengerasi"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ms",
"2": "poz-pro",
"3": "*kəʀas"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kəʀas",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kəʀas.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kĕras",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "کرس",
"tags": [
"Jawi"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"head": "kĕras",
"j": "کرس"
},
"expansion": "kĕras (Jawi spelling کرس)",
"name": "ms-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Malay",
"lang_code": "ms",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"hard, stiff"
],
"id": "en-keras-ms-adj-Zj2Bg1zP",
"links": [
[
"hard",
"hard"
],
[
"stiff",
"stiff"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "6 74 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Malay entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 85 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Malay terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant script codes",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"rigid, inflexible"
],
"id": "en-keras-ms-adj-csDjZPxl",
"links": [
[
"rigid",
"rigid"
],
[
"inflexible",
"inflexible"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"obstinate"
],
"id": "en-keras-ms-adj-l3tRVGQD",
"links": [
[
"obstinate",
"obstinate"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkə.ras/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ras"
},
{
"rhymes": "-as"
}
],
"word": "keras"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "et",
"2": "noun form"
},
"expansion": "keras",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Estonian",
"lang_code": "et",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Estonian entries with incorrect language header",
"Estonian non-lemma forms",
"Estonian noun forms"
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "kera"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inessive singular of kera"
],
"links": [
[
"kera",
"kera#Estonian"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"inessive",
"singular"
]
}
],
"word": "keras"
}
{
"categories": [
"Indonesian 2-syllable words",
"Indonesian adjectives",
"Indonesian entries with incorrect language header",
"Indonesian lemmas",
"Indonesian terms derived from Classical Malay",
"Indonesian terms derived from Malay",
"Indonesian terms derived from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian",
"Indonesian terms inherited from Classical Malay",
"Indonesian terms inherited from Malay",
"Indonesian terms inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian",
"Indonesian terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "berkeras"
},
{
"word": "berkeras-keras"
},
{
"word": "berkeras-kerasan"
},
{
"word": "bersikeras"
},
{
"word": "kekerasan"
},
{
"word": "keras-mengerasi"
},
{
"word": "memperkeras"
},
{
"word": "mengeras"
},
{
"word": "mengerasi"
},
{
"word": "mengeraskan"
},
{
"word": "pengeras"
},
{
"word": "pengerasan"
},
{
"word": "perkerasan"
},
{
"word": "terkeras"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "ms",
"3": "keras"
},
"expansion": "Malay keras",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "ms-cla",
"3": "keras"
},
"expansion": "Classical Malay keras",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "poz-pro",
"3": "*kəʀas"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kəʀas",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Malay keras, from Classical Malay keras, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kəʀas.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kêras",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "adjective",
"head": "kêras"
},
"expansion": "kêras",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"ke‧ras"
],
"hyponyms": [
{
"word": "keras hati"
},
{
"word": "keras kepala"
},
{
"word": "keras kerak"
},
{
"word": "keras lidah"
},
{
"word": "keras mangkas"
},
{
"word": "keras mulut"
},
{
"word": "keras tulang"
}
],
"lang": "Indonesian",
"lang_code": "id",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Indonesian terms with usage examples",
"Requests for translations of Indonesian usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Roti itu terlalu keras untuk dipotong.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hard,",
"Resistant to pressure."
],
"links": [
[
"hard",
"hard"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"hard,",
"(of material) Resistant to pressure."
],
"raw_tags": [
"of material"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "kuat"
}
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "gampang"
},
{
"word": "mudah"
}
],
"categories": [
"Indonesian terms with usage examples",
"Requests for translations of Indonesian usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Ia baru menyadari kerasnya kehidupan",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hard,",
"Demanding a lot of effort to endure."
],
"links": [
[
"hard",
"hard"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"hard,",
"(figurative) Demanding a lot of effort to endure."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "pelik"
},
{
"word": "sulit"
},
{
"word": "susah"
}
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "lembut"
}
],
"categories": [
"Indonesian terms with usage examples",
"Requests for translations of Indonesian usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "kata-kata keras",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hard,",
"Severe, harsh."
],
"links": [
[
"hard",
"hard"
],
[
"Severe",
"severe"
],
[
"harsh",
"harsh"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"hard,",
"(figurative) Severe, harsh."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Indonesian terms with usage examples",
"Requests for translations of Indonesian usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Obat keras.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hard,",
"Having a high concentration of an essential or active ingredient; strong."
],
"links": [
[
"hard",
"hard"
],
[
"strong",
"strong"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"hard,",
"(of drugs, figurative) Having a high concentration of an essential or active ingredient; strong."
],
"raw_tags": [
"of drugs"
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "lembek"
},
{
"word": "loyo"
},
{
"word": "tidur"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hard,",
"Having an erect penis; erect."
],
"links": [
[
"hard",
"hard"
],
[
"erect",
"erect"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"hard,",
"(of a man, figurative) Having an erect penis; erect."
],
"raw_tags": [
"of a man"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "bangun"
},
{
"word": "ereksi"
},
{
"word": "tegang"
}
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "pelan"
}
],
"glosses": [
"strong",
"Having a lot of power."
],
"links": [
[
"strong",
"strong"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"strong",
"(of wind, figurative) Having a lot of power."
],
"raw_tags": [
"of wind"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "cepat"
},
{
"word": "kencang"
}
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "ringan"
}
],
"categories": [
"Indonesian terms with usage examples",
"Requests for translations of Indonesian usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Ia sakit keras",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"strong",
"Very bad or intense; severe."
],
"links": [
[
"strong",
"strong"
],
[
"severe",
"severe"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"strong",
"(of disease or symptom, figurative) Very bad or intense; severe."
],
"raw_tags": [
"of disease or symptom"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "parah"
},
{
"word": "payah"
}
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"strong",
"Having an offensive or intense odor."
],
"links": [
[
"strong",
"strong"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"strong",
"(figurative) Having an offensive or intense odor."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "lembut"
}
],
"categories": [
"Indonesian terms with usage examples",
"Requests for translations of Indonesian usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Ototnya sangat keras dan alot.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"rigid; firm; stiff."
],
"links": [
[
"rigid",
"rigid"
],
[
"firm",
"firm"
],
[
"stiff",
"stiff"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(material state) rigid; firm; stiff."
],
"tags": [
"material"
],
"topics": [
"state"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Difficult to cut or chew; tough."
],
"links": [
[
"Difficult",
"difficult"
],
[
"cut",
"cut"
],
[
"chew",
"chew"
],
[
"tough",
"tough"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(of foods, figurative) Difficult to cut or chew; tough."
],
"raw_tags": [
"of foods"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "kenyal"
},
{
"word": "liat"
}
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "pelan"
}
],
"categories": [
"Indonesian terms with usage examples",
"Requests for translations of Indonesian usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Ia menarik secara keras kedua tangan anaknya yang menangis meronta-ronta",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Likely to use physical force; violent."
],
"links": [
[
"physical",
"physical"
],
[
"force",
"force"
],
[
"violent",
"violent"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figurative) Likely to use physical force; violent."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "kuat"
}
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "lembut"
},
{
"word": "pelan"
}
],
"categories": [
"Indonesian terms with usage examples",
"Requests for translations of Indonesian usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Suaranya sangat keras sehingga menggangu orang lain.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Of great intensity; loud."
],
"links": [
[
"intensity",
"intensity"
],
[
"loud",
"loud"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(of a sound, figurative) Of great intensity; loud."
],
"raw_tags": [
"of a sound"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "kuat"
},
{
"word": "nyaring"
}
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"Moving with great speed; fast."
],
"links": [
[
"fast",
"fast"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(of water current, figurative) Moving with great speed; fast."
],
"raw_tags": [
"of water current"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "deras"
}
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"very heavy"
],
"links": [
[
"heavy",
"heavy"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(of rainfall, figurative) very heavy"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of rainfall"
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"fixed"
],
"links": [
[
"fixed",
"fixed"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(of opinion, figurative) fixed"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of opinion"
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"With speed; in a rapid manner; rapidly."
],
"links": [
[
"speed",
"speed"
],
[
"rapid",
"rapid"
],
[
"rapidly",
"rapidly"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(of price, figurative) With speed; in a rapid manner; rapidly."
],
"raw_tags": [
"of price"
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "ringan"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Likely cause dizziness"
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(of cigarettes, figurative) Likely cause dizziness"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of cigarettes"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "berat"
}
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"strong, strict and seriously"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kəˈras/"
}
],
"word": "keras"
}
{
"categories": [
"Lithuanian entries with incorrect language header",
"Lithuanian lemmas",
"Lithuanian masculine nouns",
"Lithuanian nouns",
"Lithuanian terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"Lithuanian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Requests for audio pronunciation in Lithuanian entries",
"Requests for pronunciation in Lithuanian entries"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*k(ʷ)er(H)-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *k(ʷ)er(H)-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*kory",
"3": "",
"4": "root"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *kory (“root”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "cȩrs",
"3": "",
"4": "bush, knotty root of a tree"
},
"expansion": "Latvian cȩrs (“bush, knotty root of a tree”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *k(ʷ)er(H)-. Cognate with Proto-Slavic *kory (“root”) and Latvian cȩrs (“bush, knotty root of a tree”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kẽras",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"masculine",
"stress-pattern-4"
]
},
{
"form": "keraĩ",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "lt-noun-m-as-4",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "kẽras",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "keraĩ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kẽro",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kerų̃",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kẽrui",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "keráms",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kẽrą",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kerùs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kerù",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "keraĩs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kerè",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "keruosè",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kẽre",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "keraĩ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"10": "{{{m}}}",
"2": "nouns",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "plural",
"6": "keraĩ",
"7": "",
"8": "{{{f}}}",
"9": "",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"head": "kẽras"
},
"expansion": "kẽras m (plural keraĩ)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "keraĩ",
"3": "4",
"head": "kẽras"
},
"expansion": "kẽras m (plural keraĩ) stress pattern 4",
"name": "lt-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kẽras",
"10": "keraĩs",
"11": "kerè",
"12": "keruosè",
"13": "kẽre",
"14": "keraĩ",
"2": "keraĩ",
"3": "kẽro",
"4": "kerų̃",
"5": "kẽrui",
"6": "keráms",
"7": "kẽrą",
"8": "kerùs",
"9": "kerù"
},
"name": "lt-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"lang_code": "lt",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"bush, shrub"
],
"links": [
[
"bush",
"bush"
],
[
"shrub",
"shrub"
]
]
}
],
"word": "keras"
}
{
"categories": [
"Lithuanian entries with incorrect language header",
"Lithuanian lemmas",
"Lithuanian masculine nouns",
"Lithuanian nouns",
"Lithuanian terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"Lithuanian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "ine-bsl-pro",
"3": "*ker-",
"4": "*ker-, *kēr-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic *ker-, *kēr-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*kʷer-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kʷer-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*čarъ",
"3": "",
"4": "magic, sorcery"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *čarъ (“magic, sorcery”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Balto-Slavic *ker-, *kēr-, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷer-. Cognate with Proto-Slavic *čarъ (“magic, sorcery”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kẽras",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"masculine",
"stress-pattern-4"
]
},
{
"form": "keraĩ",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "lt-noun-m-as-4",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "kẽras",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "keraĩ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kẽro",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kerų̃",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kẽrui",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "keráms",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kẽrą",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kerùs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kerù",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "keraĩs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kerè",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "keruosè",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kẽre",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "keraĩ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"10": "{{{m}}}",
"2": "nouns",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "plural",
"6": "keraĩ",
"7": "",
"8": "{{{f}}}",
"9": "",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"head": "kẽras"
},
"expansion": "kẽras m (plural keraĩ)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "keraĩ",
"3": "4",
"head": "kẽras"
},
"expansion": "kẽras m (plural keraĩ) stress pattern 4",
"name": "lt-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kẽras",
"10": "keraĩs",
"11": "kerè",
"12": "keruosè",
"13": "kẽre",
"14": "keraĩ",
"2": "keraĩ",
"3": "kẽro",
"4": "kerų̃",
"5": "kẽrui",
"6": "keráms",
"7": "kẽrą",
"8": "kerùs",
"9": "kerù"
},
"name": "lt-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"lang_code": "lt",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"divination, sorcery, enchantment"
],
"links": [
[
"divination",
"divination"
],
[
"sorcery",
"sorcery"
],
[
"enchantment",
"enchantment"
]
]
}
],
"word": "keras"
}
{
"categories": [
"Malay 2-syllable words",
"Malay adjectives",
"Malay entries with incorrect language header",
"Malay lemmas",
"Malay terms derived from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian",
"Malay terms inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian",
"Malay terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Malay terms with redundant script codes",
"Rhymes:Malay/as",
"Rhymes:Malay/as/2 syllables",
"Rhymes:Malay/ras",
"Rhymes:Malay/ras/2 syllables"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "kekerasan"
},
{
"word": "keraskan"
},
{
"word": "kerasi"
},
{
"word": "mengerasi"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ms",
"2": "poz-pro",
"3": "*kəʀas"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kəʀas",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kəʀas.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kĕras",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "کرس",
"tags": [
"Jawi"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"head": "kĕras",
"j": "کرس"
},
"expansion": "kĕras (Jawi spelling کرس)",
"name": "ms-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Malay",
"lang_code": "ms",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"hard, stiff"
],
"links": [
[
"hard",
"hard"
],
[
"stiff",
"stiff"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"rigid, inflexible"
],
"links": [
[
"rigid",
"rigid"
],
[
"inflexible",
"inflexible"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"obstinate"
],
"links": [
[
"obstinate",
"obstinate"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkə.ras/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ras"
},
{
"rhymes": "-as"
}
],
"word": "keras"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.