"keras" meaning in Malay

See keras in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Adjective

IPA: /ˈkə.ras/ Forms: kĕras [canonical], کرس [Jawi]
Rhymes: -ras, -as Etymology: From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kəʀas. Etymology templates: {{inh|ms|poz-pro|*kəʀas}} Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kəʀas Head templates: {{ms-adj|head=kĕras|j=کرس}} kĕras (Jawi spelling کرس)
  1. hard, stiff
    Sense id: en-keras-ms-adj-Zj2Bg1zP Categories (other): Malay entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Malay entries with incorrect language header: 32 32 37
  2. rigid, inflexible
    Sense id: en-keras-ms-adj-csDjZPxl Categories (other): Malay entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Malay entries with incorrect language header: 32 32 37
  3. obstinate
    Sense id: en-keras-ms-adj-l3tRVGQD Categories (other): Malay entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Malay entries with incorrect language header: 32 32 37
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Derived forms: kekerasan, keraskan, kerasi, mengerasi

Alternative forms

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "kekerasan"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "keraskan"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "kerasi"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "mengerasi"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ms",
        "2": "poz-pro",
        "3": "*kəʀas"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kəʀas",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kəʀas.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "kĕras",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "کرس",
      "tags": [
        "Jawi"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "head": "kĕras",
        "j": "کرس"
      },
      "expansion": "kĕras (Jawi spelling کرس)",
      "name": "ms-adj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Malay",
  "lang_code": "ms",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "32 32 37",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Malay entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "hard, stiff"
      ],
      "id": "en-keras-ms-adj-Zj2Bg1zP",
      "links": [
        [
          "hard",
          "hard"
        ],
        [
          "stiff",
          "stiff"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "32 32 37",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Malay entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "rigid, inflexible"
      ],
      "id": "en-keras-ms-adj-csDjZPxl",
      "links": [
        [
          "rigid",
          "rigid"
        ],
        [
          "inflexible",
          "inflexible"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "32 32 37",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Malay entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "obstinate"
      ],
      "id": "en-keras-ms-adj-l3tRVGQD",
      "links": [
        [
          "obstinate",
          "obstinate"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈkə.ras/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ras"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-as"
    }
  ],
  "word": "keras"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Malay adjectives",
    "Malay entries with incorrect language header",
    "Malay lemmas",
    "Malay terms derived from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian",
    "Malay terms inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian",
    "Pages with 4 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Rhymes:Malay/as",
    "Rhymes:Malay/as/2 syllables",
    "Rhymes:Malay/ras",
    "Rhymes:Malay/ras/2 syllables"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "kekerasan"
    },
    {
      "word": "keraskan"
    },
    {
      "word": "kerasi"
    },
    {
      "word": "mengerasi"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ms",
        "2": "poz-pro",
        "3": "*kəʀas"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kəʀas",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kəʀas.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "kĕras",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "کرس",
      "tags": [
        "Jawi"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "head": "kĕras",
        "j": "کرس"
      },
      "expansion": "kĕras (Jawi spelling کرس)",
      "name": "ms-adj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Malay",
  "lang_code": "ms",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "hard, stiff"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "hard",
          "hard"
        ],
        [
          "stiff",
          "stiff"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "rigid, inflexible"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "rigid",
          "rigid"
        ],
        [
          "inflexible",
          "inflexible"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "obstinate"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "obstinate",
          "obstinate"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈkə.ras/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-ras"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-as"
    }
  ],
  "word": "keras"
}

Download raw JSONL data for keras meaning in Malay (1.2kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Malay dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-08-07 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-08-02 using wiktextract (8b3c49c and 3c020d2). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.