See kawula on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for kawula meaning in All languages combined (7.7kB)
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "ms",
"3": "kawula"
},
"expansion": "Malay kawula",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "jv",
"3": "ꦏꦮꦸꦭ",
"t": "servant; subject; I, me"
},
"expansion": "Javanese ꦏꦮꦸꦭ (kawula, “servant; subject; I, me”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "ke-",
"3": "*wula"
},
"expansion": "ke- + *wula",
"name": "prefix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Malay kawula, from Javanese ꦏꦮꦸꦭ (kawula, “servant; subject; I, me”). Reconstructed as ke- + *wula.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kawulaku",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "kawulamu",
"tags": [
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kawulanya",
"tags": [
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"head": "",
"pl": "-"
},
"expansion": "kawula (first-person possessive kawulaku, second-person possessive kawulamu, third-person possessive kawulanya)",
"name": "id-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"ka‧wu‧la"
],
"lang": "Indonesian",
"lang_code": "id",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "43 6 51",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Indonesian pronouns",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "86 8 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Indonesian terms prefixed with ke-",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 4 46",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Indonesian terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant script codes",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"servant"
],
"id": "en-kawula-id-noun-KVryxVxx",
"links": [
[
"servant",
"servant"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "abdi"
},
{
"word": "hamba"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"slave"
],
"id": "en-kawula-id-noun-GDk2sBDG",
"links": [
[
"slave",
"slave"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "budak"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[kaˈwula]"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "kaula"
}
],
"word": "kawula"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "ms",
"3": "kawula"
},
"expansion": "Malay kawula",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "jv",
"3": "ꦏꦮꦸꦭ",
"t": "servant; subject; I, me"
},
"expansion": "Javanese ꦏꦮꦸꦭ (kawula, “servant; subject; I, me”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "ke-",
"3": "*wula"
},
"expansion": "ke- + *wula",
"name": "prefix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Malay kawula, from Javanese ꦏꦮꦸꦭ (kawula, “servant; subject; I, me”). Reconstructed as ke- + *wula.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "pronoun"
},
"expansion": "kawula",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"ka‧wu‧la"
],
"lang": "Indonesian",
"lang_code": "id",
"pos": "pron",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "39 3 58",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Indonesian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "43 6 51",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Indonesian pronouns",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 4 46",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Indonesian terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant script codes",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "kawula muda"
}
],
"glosses": [
"I (me, my)"
],
"id": "en-kawula-id-pron-4a~UDEgz",
"links": [
[
"I",
"I"
],
[
"me",
"me"
],
[
"my",
"my"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) I (me, my)"
],
"related": [
{
"word": "keluarga"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "saya"
}
],
"tags": [
"archaic"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[kaˈwula]"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "kaula"
}
],
"word": "kawula"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "jv",
"2": "romanization",
"head": "",
"sc": "Latn"
},
"expansion": "kawula",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "kawula",
"name": "jv-rom"
}
],
"lang": "Javanese",
"lang_code": "jv",
"pos": "romanization",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "ꦏꦮꦸꦭ"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Javanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Javanese romanizations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Javanese terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant script codes",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Romanization of ꦏꦮꦸꦭ"
],
"id": "en-kawula-jv-romanization-8rJ7BwFO",
"links": [
[
"ꦏꦮꦸꦭ",
"ꦏꦮꦸꦭ#Javanese"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"romanization"
]
}
],
"word": "kawula"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ms",
"2": "jv",
"3": "ꦏꦮꦸꦭ"
},
"expansion": "Javanese ꦏꦮꦸꦭ (kawula)",
"name": "uder"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Javanese ꦏꦮꦸꦭ (kawula).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ms",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "kawula",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Malay",
"lang_code": "ms",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Javanese Malay",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"slave"
],
"id": "en-kawula-ms-noun-GDk2sBDG",
"links": [
[
"slave",
"slave"
]
],
"qualifier": "Java",
"raw_glosses": [
"(Java) slave"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kaulə/",
"tags": [
"Johor-Selangor"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kaula/",
"tags": [
"Riau-Lingga"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ulə"
},
{
"rhymes": "-lə"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ə"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "kaula"
}
],
"word": "kawula"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "kawula"
},
"expansion": "Indonesian: kawula",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Indonesian: kawula"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ms",
"2": "jv",
"3": "ꦏꦮꦸꦭ"
},
"expansion": "Javanese ꦏꦮꦸꦭ (kawula)",
"name": "uder"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Javanese ꦏꦮꦸꦭ (kawula).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ms",
"2": "pronoun"
},
"expansion": "kawula",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Malay",
"lang_code": "ms",
"pos": "pron",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Javanese Malay",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "5 95",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Malay entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 90",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Malay pronouns",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 92",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Malay undefined derivations",
"parents": [
"Undefined derivations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"I (me, my)"
],
"id": "en-kawula-ms-pron-4a~UDEgz",
"links": [
[
"I",
"I"
],
[
"me",
"me"
],
[
"my",
"my"
]
],
"qualifier": "Java",
"raw_glosses": [
"(Java) I (me, my)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "aku"
},
{
"word": "saya"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kaulə/",
"tags": [
"Johor-Selangor"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kaula/",
"tags": [
"Riau-Lingga"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ulə"
},
{
"rhymes": "-lə"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ə"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "kaula"
}
],
"word": "kawula"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "jv",
"2": "ꦏꦮꦸꦭ",
"inh": "1"
},
"expansion": "> Javanese: ꦏꦮꦸꦭ (kawula) (inherited)\n→ Malay: kawula\nIndonesian: kawula",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "> Javanese: ꦏꦮꦸꦭ (kawula) (inherited)\n→ Malay: kawula\nIndonesian: kawula"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kaw"
},
"expansion": "Unknown",
"name": "unk"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Unknown",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kaw",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "kawula",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"ka‧wu‧la"
],
"lang": "Old Javanese",
"lang_code": "kaw",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Javanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "aṅawula"
},
{
"word": "aṅawulakĕn"
},
{
"word": "kawuntĕn"
},
{
"word": "kumawula"
},
{
"word": "makawula"
}
],
"glosses": [
"servant, follower, subject"
],
"id": "en-kawula-kaw-noun-Aiu9JvIp",
"links": [
[
"servant",
"servant"
],
[
"follower",
"follower"
],
[
"subject",
"subject"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ka.wu.la/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-la"
}
],
"word": "kawula"
}
{
"categories": [
"Indonesian entries with incorrect language header",
"Indonesian lemmas",
"Indonesian nouns",
"Indonesian pronouns",
"Indonesian terms borrowed from Javanese",
"Indonesian terms derived from Javanese",
"Indonesian terms derived from Malay",
"Indonesian terms inherited from Malay",
"Indonesian terms prefixed with ke-",
"Indonesian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Indonesian terms with redundant script codes",
"Indonesian uncountable nouns"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "ms",
"3": "kawula"
},
"expansion": "Malay kawula",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "jv",
"3": "ꦏꦮꦸꦭ",
"t": "servant; subject; I, me"
},
"expansion": "Javanese ꦏꦮꦸꦭ (kawula, “servant; subject; I, me”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "ke-",
"3": "*wula"
},
"expansion": "ke- + *wula",
"name": "prefix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Malay kawula, from Javanese ꦏꦮꦸꦭ (kawula, “servant; subject; I, me”). Reconstructed as ke- + *wula.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kawulaku",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "kawulamu",
"tags": [
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kawulanya",
"tags": [
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"head": "",
"pl": "-"
},
"expansion": "kawula (first-person possessive kawulaku, second-person possessive kawulamu, third-person possessive kawulanya)",
"name": "id-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"ka‧wu‧la"
],
"lang": "Indonesian",
"lang_code": "id",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"servant"
],
"links": [
[
"servant",
"servant"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "abdi"
},
{
"word": "hamba"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"slave"
],
"links": [
[
"slave",
"slave"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "budak"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[kaˈwula]"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "kaula"
}
],
"word": "kawula"
}
{
"categories": [
"Indonesian entries with incorrect language header",
"Indonesian lemmas",
"Indonesian nouns",
"Indonesian pronouns",
"Indonesian terms borrowed from Javanese",
"Indonesian terms derived from Javanese",
"Indonesian terms derived from Malay",
"Indonesian terms inherited from Malay",
"Indonesian terms prefixed with ke-",
"Indonesian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Indonesian terms with redundant script codes",
"Indonesian uncountable nouns"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "kawula muda"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "ms",
"3": "kawula"
},
"expansion": "Malay kawula",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "jv",
"3": "ꦏꦮꦸꦭ",
"t": "servant; subject; I, me"
},
"expansion": "Javanese ꦏꦮꦸꦭ (kawula, “servant; subject; I, me”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "ke-",
"3": "*wula"
},
"expansion": "ke- + *wula",
"name": "prefix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Malay kawula, from Javanese ꦏꦮꦸꦭ (kawula, “servant; subject; I, me”). Reconstructed as ke- + *wula.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "pronoun"
},
"expansion": "kawula",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"ka‧wu‧la"
],
"lang": "Indonesian",
"lang_code": "id",
"pos": "pron",
"related": [
{
"word": "keluarga"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Indonesian terms with archaic senses"
],
"glosses": [
"I (me, my)"
],
"links": [
[
"I",
"I"
],
[
"me",
"me"
],
[
"my",
"my"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) I (me, my)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "saya"
}
],
"tags": [
"archaic"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[kaˈwula]"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "kaula"
}
],
"word": "kawula"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "jv",
"2": "romanization",
"head": "",
"sc": "Latn"
},
"expansion": "kawula",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "kawula",
"name": "jv-rom"
}
],
"lang": "Javanese",
"lang_code": "jv",
"pos": "romanization",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "ꦏꦮꦸꦭ"
}
],
"categories": [
"Javanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Javanese non-lemma forms",
"Javanese romanizations",
"Javanese terms with redundant script codes"
],
"glosses": [
"Romanization of ꦏꦮꦸꦭ"
],
"links": [
[
"ꦏꦮꦸꦭ",
"ꦏꦮꦸꦭ#Javanese"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"romanization"
]
}
],
"word": "kawula"
}
{
"categories": [
"Malay 3-syllable words",
"Malay entries with incorrect language header",
"Malay lemmas",
"Malay nouns",
"Malay pronouns",
"Malay terms derived from Javanese",
"Malay terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Malay undefined derivations",
"Rhymes:Malay/lə",
"Rhymes:Malay/ulə",
"Rhymes:Malay/ə"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ms",
"2": "jv",
"3": "ꦏꦮꦸꦭ"
},
"expansion": "Javanese ꦏꦮꦸꦭ (kawula)",
"name": "uder"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Javanese ꦏꦮꦸꦭ (kawula).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ms",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "kawula",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Malay",
"lang_code": "ms",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Javanese Malay"
],
"glosses": [
"slave"
],
"links": [
[
"slave",
"slave"
]
],
"qualifier": "Java",
"raw_glosses": [
"(Java) slave"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kaulə/",
"tags": [
"Johor-Selangor"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kaula/",
"tags": [
"Riau-Lingga"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ulə"
},
{
"rhymes": "-lə"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ə"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "kaula"
}
],
"word": "kawula"
}
{
"categories": [
"Malay 3-syllable words",
"Malay entries with incorrect language header",
"Malay lemmas",
"Malay nouns",
"Malay pronouns",
"Malay terms derived from Javanese",
"Malay terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Malay undefined derivations",
"Rhymes:Malay/lə",
"Rhymes:Malay/ulə",
"Rhymes:Malay/ə"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "kawula"
},
"expansion": "Indonesian: kawula",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Indonesian: kawula"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ms",
"2": "jv",
"3": "ꦏꦮꦸꦭ"
},
"expansion": "Javanese ꦏꦮꦸꦭ (kawula)",
"name": "uder"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Javanese ꦏꦮꦸꦭ (kawula).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ms",
"2": "pronoun"
},
"expansion": "kawula",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Malay",
"lang_code": "ms",
"pos": "pron",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Javanese Malay"
],
"glosses": [
"I (me, my)"
],
"links": [
[
"I",
"I"
],
[
"me",
"me"
],
[
"my",
"my"
]
],
"qualifier": "Java",
"raw_glosses": [
"(Java) I (me, my)"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kaulə/",
"tags": [
"Johor-Selangor"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kaula/",
"tags": [
"Riau-Lingga"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ulə"
},
{
"rhymes": "-lə"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ə"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "aku"
},
{
"word": "saya"
},
{
"word": "kaula"
}
],
"word": "kawula"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "aṅawula"
},
{
"word": "aṅawulakĕn"
},
{
"word": "kawuntĕn"
},
{
"word": "kumawula"
},
{
"word": "makawula"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "jv",
"2": "ꦏꦮꦸꦭ",
"inh": "1"
},
"expansion": "> Javanese: ꦏꦮꦸꦭ (kawula) (inherited)\n→ Malay: kawula\nIndonesian: kawula",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "> Javanese: ꦏꦮꦸꦭ (kawula) (inherited)\n→ Malay: kawula\nIndonesian: kawula"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kaw"
},
"expansion": "Unknown",
"name": "unk"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Unknown",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kaw",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "kawula",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"ka‧wu‧la"
],
"lang": "Old Javanese",
"lang_code": "kaw",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Old Javanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Javanese lemmas",
"Old Javanese nouns",
"Old Javanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Old Javanese terms with unknown etymologies",
"Rhymes:Old Javanese/la",
"Rhymes:Old Javanese/la/3 syllables"
],
"glosses": [
"servant, follower, subject"
],
"links": [
[
"servant",
"servant"
],
[
"follower",
"follower"
],
[
"subject",
"subject"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ka.wu.la/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-la"
}
],
"word": "kawula"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.