See kawula on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "jv",
"3": "ꦏꦮꦸꦭ",
"t": "servant; subject; I, me"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Javanese ꦏꦮꦸꦭ (kawula, “servant; subject; I, me”)",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "kaw",
"3": "kawula",
"t": "servant, follower, subject"
},
"expansion": "Old Javanese kawula (“servant, follower, subject”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "ke-",
"3": "*wula"
},
"expansion": "ke- + *wula",
"name": "prefix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Javanese ꦏꦮꦸꦭ (kawula, “servant; subject; I, me”), from Old Javanese kawula (“servant, follower, subject”). Reconstructed as ke- + *wula.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kaula",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"head": "",
"pl": "-"
},
"expansion": "kawula (uncountable)",
"name": "id-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"ka‧wu‧la"
],
"lang": "Indonesian",
"lang_code": "id",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "86 8 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Indonesian terms prefixed with ke-",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "48 4 48",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Indonesian terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant script codes",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 4 35 4 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 3 40 3 38",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"servant"
],
"id": "en-kawula-id-noun-KVryxVxx",
"links": [
[
"servant",
"servant"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "abdi"
},
{
"word": "hamba"
}
],
"tags": [
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"slave"
],
"id": "en-kawula-id-noun-GDk2sBDG",
"links": [
[
"slave",
"slave"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "budak"
}
],
"tags": [
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[kaˈwula]"
}
],
"word": "kawula"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "jv",
"3": "ꦏꦮꦸꦭ",
"t": "servant; subject; I, me"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Javanese ꦏꦮꦸꦭ (kawula, “servant; subject; I, me”)",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "kaw",
"3": "kawula",
"t": "servant, follower, subject"
},
"expansion": "Old Javanese kawula (“servant, follower, subject”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "ke-",
"3": "*wula"
},
"expansion": "ke- + *wula",
"name": "prefix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Javanese ꦏꦮꦸꦭ (kawula, “servant; subject; I, me”), from Old Javanese kawula (“servant, follower, subject”). Reconstructed as ke- + *wula.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kaula",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "pronoun"
},
"expansion": "kawula",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"ka‧wu‧la"
],
"lang": "Indonesian",
"lang_code": "id",
"pos": "pron",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "37 3 60",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Indonesian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "40 5 54",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Indonesian pronouns",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "48 4 48",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Indonesian terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant script codes",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 4 35 4 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 3 40 3 38",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "kawula muda"
}
],
"glosses": [
"I (me, my)"
],
"id": "en-kawula-id-pron-4a~UDEgz",
"links": [
[
"I",
"I"
],
[
"me",
"me"
],
[
"my",
"my"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) I (me, my)"
],
"related": [
{
"word": "keluarga"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "saya"
}
],
"tags": [
"archaic"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[kaˈwula]"
}
],
"word": "kawula"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "jv",
"2": "romanization",
"head": "",
"sc": "Latn"
},
"expansion": "kawula",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "kawula",
"name": "jv-rom"
}
],
"lang": "Javanese",
"lang_code": "jv",
"pos": "romanization",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "ꦏꦮꦸꦭ"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Javanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Javanese romanizations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Javanese terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant script codes",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Romanization of ꦏꦮꦸꦭ"
],
"id": "en-kawula-jv-romanization-8rJ7BwFO",
"links": [
[
"ꦏꦮꦸꦭ",
"ꦏꦮꦸꦭ#Javanese"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"romanization"
]
}
],
"word": "kawula"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ms",
"2": "jv",
"3": "ꦏꦮꦸꦭ"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Javanese ꦏꦮꦸꦭ (kawula)",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ms",
"2": "kaw",
"3": "kawula",
"t": "servant, follower, subject"
},
"expansion": "Old Javanese kawula (“servant, follower, subject”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Javanese ꦏꦮꦸꦭ (kawula), from Old Javanese kawula (“servant, follower, subject”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kaula",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "kaola",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ms",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "kawula",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Malay",
"lang_code": "ms",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"slave"
],
"id": "en-kawula-ms-noun-GDk2sBDG",
"links": [
[
"slave",
"slave"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Javanese) slave"
],
"tags": [
"Javanese"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kaulə/",
"tags": [
"Johor-Selangor"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kaula/",
"tags": [
"Riau-Lingga"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ulə"
},
{
"rhymes": "-lə"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ə"
}
],
"word": "kawula"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ms",
"2": "jv",
"3": "ꦏꦮꦸꦭ"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Javanese ꦏꦮꦸꦭ (kawula)",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ms",
"2": "kaw",
"3": "kawula",
"t": "servant, follower, subject"
},
"expansion": "Old Javanese kawula (“servant, follower, subject”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Javanese ꦏꦮꦸꦭ (kawula), from Old Javanese kawula (“servant, follower, subject”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kaula",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "kaola",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ms",
"2": "pronoun"
},
"expansion": "kawula",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Malay",
"lang_code": "ms",
"pos": "pron",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "25 4 35 4 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 3 40 3 38",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 96",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Malay entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 93",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Malay pronouns",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"I (me, my)"
],
"id": "en-kawula-ms-pron-4a~UDEgz",
"links": [
[
"I",
"I"
],
[
"me",
"me"
],
[
"my",
"my"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Javanese) I (me, my)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "aku"
},
{
"word": "saya"
}
],
"tags": [
"Javanese"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kaulə/",
"tags": [
"Johor-Selangor"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kaula/",
"tags": [
"Riau-Lingga"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ulə"
},
{
"rhymes": "-lə"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ə"
}
],
"word": "kawula"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "jv",
"2": "ꦏꦮꦸꦭ",
"inh": "1"
},
"expansion": "> Javanese: ꦏꦮꦸꦭ (kawula) (inherited)\n→ Indonesian: kawula\n→ Malay: kawula, kaola",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "> Javanese: ꦏꦮꦸꦭ (kawula) (inherited)\n→ Indonesian: kawula\n→ Malay: kawula, kaola"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kaw"
},
"expansion": "Unknown",
"name": "unk"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kaw",
"2": "wula",
"3": "ka-"
},
"expansion": "wula + ka-",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Unknown, probably wula + ka-.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kaw",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "kawula",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"ka‧wu‧la"
],
"lang": "Old Javanese",
"lang_code": "kaw",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Javanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Javanese terms prefixed with ka-",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "aṅawula"
},
{
"word": "aṅawulakĕn"
},
{
"word": "kawuntĕn"
},
{
"word": "kumawula"
},
{
"word": "makawula"
}
],
"glosses": [
"servant, follower, subject"
],
"id": "en-kawula-kaw-noun-Aiu9JvIp",
"links": [
[
"servant",
"servant"
],
[
"follower",
"follower"
],
[
"subject",
"subject"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ka.wu.la/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-la"
}
],
"word": "kawula"
}
{
"categories": [
"Indonesian entries with incorrect language header",
"Indonesian lemmas",
"Indonesian nouns",
"Indonesian pronouns",
"Indonesian terms borrowed from Javanese",
"Indonesian terms derived from Javanese",
"Indonesian terms derived from Old Javanese",
"Indonesian terms prefixed with ke-",
"Indonesian terms with redundant script codes",
"Indonesian uncountable nouns",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "jv",
"3": "ꦏꦮꦸꦭ",
"t": "servant; subject; I, me"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Javanese ꦏꦮꦸꦭ (kawula, “servant; subject; I, me”)",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "kaw",
"3": "kawula",
"t": "servant, follower, subject"
},
"expansion": "Old Javanese kawula (“servant, follower, subject”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "ke-",
"3": "*wula"
},
"expansion": "ke- + *wula",
"name": "prefix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Javanese ꦏꦮꦸꦭ (kawula, “servant; subject; I, me”), from Old Javanese kawula (“servant, follower, subject”). Reconstructed as ke- + *wula.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kaula",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"head": "",
"pl": "-"
},
"expansion": "kawula (uncountable)",
"name": "id-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"ka‧wu‧la"
],
"lang": "Indonesian",
"lang_code": "id",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"servant"
],
"links": [
[
"servant",
"servant"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "abdi"
},
{
"word": "hamba"
}
],
"tags": [
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"slave"
],
"links": [
[
"slave",
"slave"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "budak"
}
],
"tags": [
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[kaˈwula]"
}
],
"word": "kawula"
}
{
"categories": [
"Indonesian entries with incorrect language header",
"Indonesian lemmas",
"Indonesian nouns",
"Indonesian pronouns",
"Indonesian terms borrowed from Javanese",
"Indonesian terms derived from Javanese",
"Indonesian terms derived from Old Javanese",
"Indonesian terms prefixed with ke-",
"Indonesian terms with redundant script codes",
"Indonesian uncountable nouns",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "kawula muda"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "jv",
"3": "ꦏꦮꦸꦭ",
"t": "servant; subject; I, me"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Javanese ꦏꦮꦸꦭ (kawula, “servant; subject; I, me”)",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "kaw",
"3": "kawula",
"t": "servant, follower, subject"
},
"expansion": "Old Javanese kawula (“servant, follower, subject”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "ke-",
"3": "*wula"
},
"expansion": "ke- + *wula",
"name": "prefix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Javanese ꦏꦮꦸꦭ (kawula, “servant; subject; I, me”), from Old Javanese kawula (“servant, follower, subject”). Reconstructed as ke- + *wula.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kaula",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "pronoun"
},
"expansion": "kawula",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"ka‧wu‧la"
],
"lang": "Indonesian",
"lang_code": "id",
"pos": "pron",
"related": [
{
"word": "keluarga"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Indonesian terms with archaic senses"
],
"glosses": [
"I (me, my)"
],
"links": [
[
"I",
"I"
],
[
"me",
"me"
],
[
"my",
"my"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) I (me, my)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "saya"
}
],
"tags": [
"archaic"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[kaˈwula]"
}
],
"word": "kawula"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "jv",
"2": "romanization",
"head": "",
"sc": "Latn"
},
"expansion": "kawula",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "kawula",
"name": "jv-rom"
}
],
"lang": "Javanese",
"lang_code": "jv",
"pos": "romanization",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "ꦏꦮꦸꦭ"
}
],
"categories": [
"Javanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Javanese non-lemma forms",
"Javanese romanizations",
"Javanese terms with redundant script codes",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"Romanization of ꦏꦮꦸꦭ"
],
"links": [
[
"ꦏꦮꦸꦭ",
"ꦏꦮꦸꦭ#Javanese"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"romanization"
]
}
],
"word": "kawula"
}
{
"categories": [
"Malay entries with incorrect language header",
"Malay lemmas",
"Malay nouns",
"Malay pronouns",
"Malay terms borrowed from Javanese",
"Malay terms derived from Javanese",
"Malay terms derived from Old Javanese",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Malay/lə",
"Rhymes:Malay/ulə",
"Rhymes:Malay/ə"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ms",
"2": "jv",
"3": "ꦏꦮꦸꦭ"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Javanese ꦏꦮꦸꦭ (kawula)",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ms",
"2": "kaw",
"3": "kawula",
"t": "servant, follower, subject"
},
"expansion": "Old Javanese kawula (“servant, follower, subject”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Javanese ꦏꦮꦸꦭ (kawula), from Old Javanese kawula (“servant, follower, subject”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kaula",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "kaola",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ms",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "kawula",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Malay",
"lang_code": "ms",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"slave"
],
"links": [
[
"slave",
"slave"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Javanese) slave"
],
"tags": [
"Javanese"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kaulə/",
"tags": [
"Johor-Selangor"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kaula/",
"tags": [
"Riau-Lingga"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ulə"
},
{
"rhymes": "-lə"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ə"
}
],
"word": "kawula"
}
{
"categories": [
"Malay entries with incorrect language header",
"Malay lemmas",
"Malay nouns",
"Malay pronouns",
"Malay terms borrowed from Javanese",
"Malay terms derived from Javanese",
"Malay terms derived from Old Javanese",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Malay/lə",
"Rhymes:Malay/ulə",
"Rhymes:Malay/ə"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ms",
"2": "jv",
"3": "ꦏꦮꦸꦭ"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Javanese ꦏꦮꦸꦭ (kawula)",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ms",
"2": "kaw",
"3": "kawula",
"t": "servant, follower, subject"
},
"expansion": "Old Javanese kawula (“servant, follower, subject”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Javanese ꦏꦮꦸꦭ (kawula), from Old Javanese kawula (“servant, follower, subject”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kaula",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "kaola",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ms",
"2": "pronoun"
},
"expansion": "kawula",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Malay",
"lang_code": "ms",
"pos": "pron",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"I (me, my)"
],
"links": [
[
"I",
"I"
],
[
"me",
"me"
],
[
"my",
"my"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Javanese) I (me, my)"
],
"tags": [
"Javanese"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kaulə/",
"tags": [
"Johor-Selangor"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kaula/",
"tags": [
"Riau-Lingga"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ulə"
},
{
"rhymes": "-lə"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ə"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "aku"
},
{
"word": "saya"
}
],
"word": "kawula"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "aṅawula"
},
{
"word": "aṅawulakĕn"
},
{
"word": "kawuntĕn"
},
{
"word": "kumawula"
},
{
"word": "makawula"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "jv",
"2": "ꦏꦮꦸꦭ",
"inh": "1"
},
"expansion": "> Javanese: ꦏꦮꦸꦭ (kawula) (inherited)\n→ Indonesian: kawula\n→ Malay: kawula, kaola",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "> Javanese: ꦏꦮꦸꦭ (kawula) (inherited)\n→ Indonesian: kawula\n→ Malay: kawula, kaola"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kaw"
},
"expansion": "Unknown",
"name": "unk"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kaw",
"2": "wula",
"3": "ka-"
},
"expansion": "wula + ka-",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Unknown, probably wula + ka-.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kaw",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "kawula",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"ka‧wu‧la"
],
"lang": "Old Javanese",
"lang_code": "kaw",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Old Javanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Javanese lemmas",
"Old Javanese nouns",
"Old Javanese terms prefixed with ka-",
"Old Javanese terms with unknown etymologies",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Old Javanese/la",
"Rhymes:Old Javanese/la/3 syllables"
],
"glosses": [
"servant, follower, subject"
],
"links": [
[
"servant",
"servant"
],
[
"follower",
"follower"
],
[
"subject",
"subject"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ka.wu.la/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-la"
}
],
"word": "kawula"
}
Download raw JSONL data for kawula meaning in All languages combined (8.1kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-03-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-02-21 using wiktextract (7c21d10 and f2e72e5). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.