See kawula on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "ms",
"3": "kawula"
},
"expansion": "Malay kawula",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "jv",
"3": "ꦏꦮꦸꦭ",
"t": "servant; subject; I, me"
},
"expansion": "Javanese ꦏꦮꦸꦭ (kawula, “servant; subject; I, me”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "ke-",
"3": "*wula"
},
"expansion": "ke- + *wula",
"name": "prefix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Malay kawula, from Javanese ꦏꦮꦸꦭ (kawula, “servant; subject; I, me”). Reconstructed as ke- + *wula.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kawulaku",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "kawulamu",
"tags": [
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kawulanya",
"tags": [
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"head": "",
"pl": "-"
},
"expansion": "kawula (first-person possessive kawulaku, second-person possessive kawulamu, third-person possessive kawulanya)",
"name": "id-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"ka‧wu‧la"
],
"lang": "Indonesian",
"lang_code": "id",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "86 8 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Indonesian terms prefixed with ke-",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 4 46",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Indonesian terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant script codes",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 4 35 4 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 3 40 3 38",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"servant"
],
"id": "en-kawula-id-noun-KVryxVxx",
"links": [
[
"servant",
"servant"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "abdi"
},
{
"word": "hamba"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"slave"
],
"id": "en-kawula-id-noun-GDk2sBDG",
"links": [
[
"slave",
"slave"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "budak"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[kaˈwula]"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "kaula"
}
],
"word": "kawula"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "ms",
"3": "kawula"
},
"expansion": "Malay kawula",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "jv",
"3": "ꦏꦮꦸꦭ",
"t": "servant; subject; I, me"
},
"expansion": "Javanese ꦏꦮꦸꦭ (kawula, “servant; subject; I, me”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "ke-",
"3": "*wula"
},
"expansion": "ke- + *wula",
"name": "prefix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Malay kawula, from Javanese ꦏꦮꦸꦭ (kawula, “servant; subject; I, me”). Reconstructed as ke- + *wula.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "pronoun"
},
"expansion": "kawula",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"ka‧wu‧la"
],
"lang": "Indonesian",
"lang_code": "id",
"pos": "pron",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "38 3 59",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Indonesian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "40 5 54",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Indonesian pronouns",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 4 46",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Indonesian terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant script codes",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 4 35 4 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 3 40 3 38",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "kawula muda"
}
],
"glosses": [
"I (me, my)"
],
"id": "en-kawula-id-pron-4a~UDEgz",
"links": [
[
"I",
"I"
],
[
"me",
"me"
],
[
"my",
"my"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) I (me, my)"
],
"related": [
{
"word": "keluarga"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "saya"
}
],
"tags": [
"archaic"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[kaˈwula]"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "kaula"
}
],
"word": "kawula"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "jv",
"2": "romanization",
"head": "",
"sc": "Latn"
},
"expansion": "kawula",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "kawula",
"name": "jv-rom"
}
],
"lang": "Javanese",
"lang_code": "jv",
"pos": "romanization",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "ꦏꦮꦸꦭ"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Javanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Javanese romanizations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Javanese terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant script codes",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Romanization of ꦏꦮꦸꦭ"
],
"id": "en-kawula-jv-romanization-8rJ7BwFO",
"links": [
[
"ꦏꦮꦸꦭ",
"ꦏꦮꦸꦭ#Javanese"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"romanization"
]
}
],
"word": "kawula"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ms",
"2": "jv",
"3": "ꦏꦮꦸꦭ"
},
"expansion": "Javanese ꦏꦮꦸꦭ (kawula)",
"name": "uder"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Javanese ꦏꦮꦸꦭ (kawula).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ms",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "kawula",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Malay",
"lang_code": "ms",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"slave"
],
"id": "en-kawula-ms-noun-GDk2sBDG",
"links": [
[
"slave",
"slave"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Javanese) slave"
],
"tags": [
"Javanese"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kaulə/",
"tags": [
"Johor-Selangor"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kaula/",
"tags": [
"Riau-Lingga"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ulə"
},
{
"rhymes": "-lə"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ə"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "kaula"
}
],
"word": "kawula"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "kawula"
},
"expansion": "Indonesian: kawula",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Indonesian: kawula"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ms",
"2": "jv",
"3": "ꦏꦮꦸꦭ"
},
"expansion": "Javanese ꦏꦮꦸꦭ (kawula)",
"name": "uder"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Javanese ꦏꦮꦸꦭ (kawula).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ms",
"2": "pronoun"
},
"expansion": "kawula",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Malay",
"lang_code": "ms",
"pos": "pron",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "25 4 35 4 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 3 40 3 38",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 96",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Malay entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 93",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Malay pronouns",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 94",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Malay undefined derivations",
"parents": [
"Undefined derivations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"I (me, my)"
],
"id": "en-kawula-ms-pron-4a~UDEgz",
"links": [
[
"I",
"I"
],
[
"me",
"me"
],
[
"my",
"my"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Javanese) I (me, my)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "aku"
},
{
"word": "saya"
}
],
"tags": [
"Javanese"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kaulə/",
"tags": [
"Johor-Selangor"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kaula/",
"tags": [
"Riau-Lingga"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ulə"
},
{
"rhymes": "-lə"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ə"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "kaula"
}
],
"word": "kawula"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "jv",
"2": "ꦏꦮꦸꦭ",
"inh": "1"
},
"expansion": "> Javanese: ꦏꦮꦸꦭ (kawula) (inherited)\n→ Malay: kawula\nIndonesian: kawula",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "> Javanese: ꦏꦮꦸꦭ (kawula) (inherited)\n→ Malay: kawula\nIndonesian: kawula"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kaw"
},
"expansion": "Unknown",
"name": "unk"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Unknown",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kaw",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "kawula",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"ka‧wu‧la"
],
"lang": "Old Javanese",
"lang_code": "kaw",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Javanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "aṅawula"
},
{
"word": "aṅawulakĕn"
},
{
"word": "kawuntĕn"
},
{
"word": "kumawula"
},
{
"word": "makawula"
}
],
"glosses": [
"servant, follower, subject"
],
"id": "en-kawula-kaw-noun-Aiu9JvIp",
"links": [
[
"servant",
"servant"
],
[
"follower",
"follower"
],
[
"subject",
"subject"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ka.wu.la/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-la"
}
],
"word": "kawula"
}
{
"categories": [
"Indonesian entries with incorrect language header",
"Indonesian lemmas",
"Indonesian nouns",
"Indonesian pronouns",
"Indonesian terms borrowed from Javanese",
"Indonesian terms derived from Javanese",
"Indonesian terms derived from Malay",
"Indonesian terms inherited from Malay",
"Indonesian terms prefixed with ke-",
"Indonesian terms with redundant script codes",
"Indonesian uncountable nouns",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "ms",
"3": "kawula"
},
"expansion": "Malay kawula",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "jv",
"3": "ꦏꦮꦸꦭ",
"t": "servant; subject; I, me"
},
"expansion": "Javanese ꦏꦮꦸꦭ (kawula, “servant; subject; I, me”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "ke-",
"3": "*wula"
},
"expansion": "ke- + *wula",
"name": "prefix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Malay kawula, from Javanese ꦏꦮꦸꦭ (kawula, “servant; subject; I, me”). Reconstructed as ke- + *wula.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kawulaku",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "kawulamu",
"tags": [
"possessive",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kawulanya",
"tags": [
"possessive",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"head": "",
"pl": "-"
},
"expansion": "kawula (first-person possessive kawulaku, second-person possessive kawulamu, third-person possessive kawulanya)",
"name": "id-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"ka‧wu‧la"
],
"lang": "Indonesian",
"lang_code": "id",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"servant"
],
"links": [
[
"servant",
"servant"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "abdi"
},
{
"word": "hamba"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"slave"
],
"links": [
[
"slave",
"slave"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "budak"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[kaˈwula]"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "kaula"
}
],
"word": "kawula"
}
{
"categories": [
"Indonesian entries with incorrect language header",
"Indonesian lemmas",
"Indonesian nouns",
"Indonesian pronouns",
"Indonesian terms borrowed from Javanese",
"Indonesian terms derived from Javanese",
"Indonesian terms derived from Malay",
"Indonesian terms inherited from Malay",
"Indonesian terms prefixed with ke-",
"Indonesian terms with redundant script codes",
"Indonesian uncountable nouns",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "kawula muda"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "ms",
"3": "kawula"
},
"expansion": "Malay kawula",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "jv",
"3": "ꦏꦮꦸꦭ",
"t": "servant; subject; I, me"
},
"expansion": "Javanese ꦏꦮꦸꦭ (kawula, “servant; subject; I, me”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "ke-",
"3": "*wula"
},
"expansion": "ke- + *wula",
"name": "prefix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Malay kawula, from Javanese ꦏꦮꦸꦭ (kawula, “servant; subject; I, me”). Reconstructed as ke- + *wula.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "pronoun"
},
"expansion": "kawula",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"ka‧wu‧la"
],
"lang": "Indonesian",
"lang_code": "id",
"pos": "pron",
"related": [
{
"word": "keluarga"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Indonesian terms with archaic senses"
],
"glosses": [
"I (me, my)"
],
"links": [
[
"I",
"I"
],
[
"me",
"me"
],
[
"my",
"my"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) I (me, my)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "saya"
}
],
"tags": [
"archaic"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[kaˈwula]"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "kaula"
}
],
"word": "kawula"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "jv",
"2": "romanization",
"head": "",
"sc": "Latn"
},
"expansion": "kawula",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "kawula",
"name": "jv-rom"
}
],
"lang": "Javanese",
"lang_code": "jv",
"pos": "romanization",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "ꦏꦮꦸꦭ"
}
],
"categories": [
"Javanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Javanese non-lemma forms",
"Javanese romanizations",
"Javanese terms with redundant script codes",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"Romanization of ꦏꦮꦸꦭ"
],
"links": [
[
"ꦏꦮꦸꦭ",
"ꦏꦮꦸꦭ#Javanese"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"romanization"
]
}
],
"word": "kawula"
}
{
"categories": [
"Malay entries with incorrect language header",
"Malay lemmas",
"Malay nouns",
"Malay pronouns",
"Malay terms derived from Javanese",
"Malay undefined derivations",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Malay/lə",
"Rhymes:Malay/ulə",
"Rhymes:Malay/ə"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ms",
"2": "jv",
"3": "ꦏꦮꦸꦭ"
},
"expansion": "Javanese ꦏꦮꦸꦭ (kawula)",
"name": "uder"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Javanese ꦏꦮꦸꦭ (kawula).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ms",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "kawula",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Malay",
"lang_code": "ms",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"slave"
],
"links": [
[
"slave",
"slave"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Javanese) slave"
],
"tags": [
"Javanese"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kaulə/",
"tags": [
"Johor-Selangor"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kaula/",
"tags": [
"Riau-Lingga"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ulə"
},
{
"rhymes": "-lə"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ə"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "kaula"
}
],
"word": "kawula"
}
{
"categories": [
"Malay entries with incorrect language header",
"Malay lemmas",
"Malay nouns",
"Malay pronouns",
"Malay terms derived from Javanese",
"Malay undefined derivations",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Malay/lə",
"Rhymes:Malay/ulə",
"Rhymes:Malay/ə"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "id",
"2": "kawula"
},
"expansion": "Indonesian: kawula",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Indonesian: kawula"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ms",
"2": "jv",
"3": "ꦏꦮꦸꦭ"
},
"expansion": "Javanese ꦏꦮꦸꦭ (kawula)",
"name": "uder"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Javanese ꦏꦮꦸꦭ (kawula).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ms",
"2": "pronoun"
},
"expansion": "kawula",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Malay",
"lang_code": "ms",
"pos": "pron",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"I (me, my)"
],
"links": [
[
"I",
"I"
],
[
"me",
"me"
],
[
"my",
"my"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Javanese) I (me, my)"
],
"tags": [
"Javanese"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kaulə/",
"tags": [
"Johor-Selangor"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kaula/",
"tags": [
"Riau-Lingga"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ulə"
},
{
"rhymes": "-lə"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ə"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "aku"
},
{
"word": "saya"
},
{
"word": "kaula"
}
],
"word": "kawula"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "aṅawula"
},
{
"word": "aṅawulakĕn"
},
{
"word": "kawuntĕn"
},
{
"word": "kumawula"
},
{
"word": "makawula"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "jv",
"2": "ꦏꦮꦸꦭ",
"inh": "1"
},
"expansion": "> Javanese: ꦏꦮꦸꦭ (kawula) (inherited)\n→ Malay: kawula\nIndonesian: kawula",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "> Javanese: ꦏꦮꦸꦭ (kawula) (inherited)\n→ Malay: kawula\nIndonesian: kawula"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kaw"
},
"expansion": "Unknown",
"name": "unk"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Unknown",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kaw",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "kawula",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"ka‧wu‧la"
],
"lang": "Old Javanese",
"lang_code": "kaw",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Old Javanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Javanese lemmas",
"Old Javanese nouns",
"Old Javanese terms with unknown etymologies",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Old Javanese/la",
"Rhymes:Old Javanese/la/3 syllables"
],
"glosses": [
"servant, follower, subject"
],
"links": [
[
"servant",
"servant"
],
[
"follower",
"follower"
],
[
"subject",
"subject"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ka.wu.la/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-la"
}
],
"word": "kawula"
}
Download raw JSONL data for kawula meaning in All languages combined (7.3kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.