See kauls on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ltg",
"2": "ine-bsl-pro",
"3": "*káuˀlas"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic *káuˀlas",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ltg",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*keh₂ulós"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *keh₂ulós",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "kauls"
},
"expansion": "Latvian kauls",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "kaulas"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian kaulas",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Balto-Slavic *káuˀlas, from Proto-Indo-European *keh₂ulós. Cognates include Latvian kauls and Lithuanian kaulas.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kauleņš",
"tags": [
"diminutive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ltg-decl-noun/1",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "1 noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "kauls",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kauli",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kaula",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kaulu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kaulam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kaulim",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kaulu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kaulus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kaulu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kaulim",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kaulā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kaulūs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kaul",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kauli",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ltg",
"2": "noun",
"3": "diminutive",
"4": "kauleņš",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "kauls m (diminutive kauleņš)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "kauleņš"
},
"expansion": "kauls m (diminutive kauleņš)",
"name": "ltg-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"kauls"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "ltg-decl-noun/1"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kauls",
"10": "kaulūs",
"2": "kaula",
"3": "kaulam",
"4": "kaulu",
"5": "kaulā",
"6": "kauli",
"7": "kaulu",
"8": "kaulim",
"9": "kaulus",
"type": "type 1 noun",
"voc": "kaul"
},
"name": "ltg-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Latgalian",
"lang_code": "ltg",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latgalian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"bone"
],
"id": "en-kauls-ltg-noun-yNrPZX~p",
"links": [
[
"bone",
"bone"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈkàu̯ls]"
}
],
"word": "kauls"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "ine-bsl-pro",
"3": "*káuˀlas"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic *káuˀlas",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*keh₂ulós"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *keh₂ulós",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Balto-Slavic *káuˀlas, from Proto-Indo-European *keh₂ulós.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "declension-1",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "lv-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "1st declension",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "kauls",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kauli",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kaulu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kaulus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kaula",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kaulu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kaulam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kauliem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kaulu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kauliem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kaulā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kaulos",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kauls",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kauli",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "noun",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "kauls m",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "1st"
},
"expansion": "kauls m (1st declension)",
"name": "lv-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kaul",
"2": "s",
"3": "1st",
"keep-s": "1"
},
"name": "lv-decl-noun"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kaul",
"2": "s",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"drop-v": "",
"keep-s": "1",
"x": "0"
},
"name": "lv-decl-noun-1"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kauls",
"10": "kauliem",
"11": "kaulā",
"12": "kaulos",
"13": "kauls",
"14": "kauli",
"2": "kauli",
"3": "kaulu",
"4": "kaulus",
"5": "kaula",
"6": "kaulu",
"7": "kaulam",
"8": "kauliem",
"9": "kaulu",
"type": "1st declension",
"x": "0"
},
"name": "lv-decl-noun-table"
}
],
"lang": "Latvian",
"lang_code": "lv",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latvian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "lv",
"name": "Body parts",
"orig": "lv:Body parts",
"parents": [
"Body",
"Anatomy",
"All topics",
"Biology",
"Medicine",
"Fundamental",
"Sciences",
"Healthcare",
"Health"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "mugurkauls"
}
],
"glosses": [
"bone"
],
"id": "en-kauls-lv-noun-yNrPZX~p",
"links": [
[
"bone",
"bone"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"audio": "lv-riga-kauls.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3a/Lv-riga-kauls.ogg/Lv-riga-kauls.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3a/Lv-riga-kauls.ogg"
}
],
"word": "kauls"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ltg",
"2": "ine-bsl-pro",
"3": "*káuˀlas"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic *káuˀlas",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ltg",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*keh₂ulós"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *keh₂ulós",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "kauls"
},
"expansion": "Latvian kauls",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "kaulas"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian kaulas",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Balto-Slavic *káuˀlas, from Proto-Indo-European *keh₂ulós. Cognates include Latvian kauls and Lithuanian kaulas.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kauleņš",
"tags": [
"diminutive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ltg-decl-noun/1",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "1 noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "kauls",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kauli",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kaula",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kaulu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kaulam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kaulim",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kaulu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kaulus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kaulu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kaulim",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kaulā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kaulūs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kaul",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kauli",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ltg",
"2": "noun",
"3": "diminutive",
"4": "kauleņš",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "kauls m (diminutive kauleņš)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "kauleņš"
},
"expansion": "kauls m (diminutive kauleņš)",
"name": "ltg-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"kauls"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "ltg-decl-noun/1"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kauls",
"10": "kaulūs",
"2": "kaula",
"3": "kaulam",
"4": "kaulu",
"5": "kaulā",
"6": "kauli",
"7": "kaulu",
"8": "kaulim",
"9": "kaulus",
"type": "type 1 noun",
"voc": "kaul"
},
"name": "ltg-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Latgalian",
"lang_code": "ltg",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Latgalian entries with incorrect language header",
"Latgalian lemmas",
"Latgalian masculine nouns",
"Latgalian nouns",
"Latgalian terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"Latgalian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latgalian terms inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"Latgalian terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latgalian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"bone"
],
"links": [
[
"bone",
"bone"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈkàu̯ls]"
}
],
"word": "kauls"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "mugurkauls"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "ine-bsl-pro",
"3": "*káuˀlas"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic *káuˀlas",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*keh₂ulós"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *keh₂ulós",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Balto-Slavic *káuˀlas, from Proto-Indo-European *keh₂ulós.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "declension-1",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "lv-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "1st declension",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "kauls",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kauli",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kaulu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kaulus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kaula",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kaulu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kaulam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kauliem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kaulu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kauliem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kaulā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kaulos",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kauls",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kauli",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "noun",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "kauls m",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "1st"
},
"expansion": "kauls m (1st declension)",
"name": "lv-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kaul",
"2": "s",
"3": "1st",
"keep-s": "1"
},
"name": "lv-decl-noun"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kaul",
"2": "s",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"drop-v": "",
"keep-s": "1",
"x": "0"
},
"name": "lv-decl-noun-1"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kauls",
"10": "kauliem",
"11": "kaulā",
"12": "kaulos",
"13": "kauls",
"14": "kauli",
"2": "kauli",
"3": "kaulu",
"4": "kaulus",
"5": "kaula",
"6": "kaulu",
"7": "kaulam",
"8": "kauliem",
"9": "kaulu",
"type": "1st declension",
"x": "0"
},
"name": "lv-decl-noun-table"
}
],
"lang": "Latvian",
"lang_code": "lv",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Latvian entries with incorrect language header",
"Latvian first declension nouns",
"Latvian lemmas",
"Latvian masculine nouns",
"Latvian nouns",
"Latvian terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"Latvian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latvian terms inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"Latvian terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"lv:Body parts"
],
"glosses": [
"bone"
],
"links": [
[
"bone",
"bone"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"audio": "lv-riga-kauls.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/3a/Lv-riga-kauls.ogg/Lv-riga-kauls.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3a/Lv-riga-kauls.ogg"
}
],
"word": "kauls"
}
Download raw JSONL data for kauls meaning in All languages combined (6.4kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-10 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-01 using wiktextract (df33d17 and 4ed51a5). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.