See gulag on Wiktionary
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{
"args": {
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"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Russian ГУЛА́Г (GULÁG), the acronym of Гла́вное управле́ние исправи́тельно-трудовы́х лагере́й (Glávnoje upravlénije ispravítelʹno-trudovýx lageréj, “Chief Administration of Corrective-Labor Camps”), the government agency in charge of the Soviet Union’s network of forced labour camps, which was established in 1918 and formally abolished in 1960: see GULAG.",
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"kind": "place",
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"examples": [
{
"ref": "[2006?], David Hosford, Pamela Kachurin, Thomas Lamont, “Day 1 Content Essay: The Establishment and Scope of the GULAG System”, in GULAG: Soviet Prison Camps and Their Legacy […], [U.S.A.]: National Park Service; Davis Center for Russian and Eurasian Studies, Harvard University, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2021-10-31, page 7, column 1:",
"text": "One important difference between the GULAG system and the Nazi concentration camps was that a person sentenced to five years of hard labor in a Soviet labor camp could expect, assuming he or she survived, to be released at the end of the sentence.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Also GULAG: the system of all Soviet labour camps and prisons in use, especially during the Stalinist period (1930s–1950s)."
],
"id": "en-gulag-en-noun-iHkVSA3i",
"links": [
[
"GULAG",
"GULAG"
],
[
"system",
"system"
],
[
"Soviet",
"Soviet#Adjective"
],
[
"labour camp",
"labour camp"
],
[
"in use",
"in use"
],
[
"Stalinist",
"Stalinist"
],
[
"period",
"period"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical) Also GULAG: the system of all Soviet labour camps and prisons in use, especially during the Stalinist period (1930s–1950s)."
],
"tags": [
"historical"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "83 12 5",
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"sense": "system of all Soviet labour camps and prisons in use, especially during the Stalinist period (1930s–1950s)",
"word": "goelag"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 12 5",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ḡulāḡ",
"sense": "system of all Soviet labour camps and prisons in use, especially during the Stalinist period (1930s–1950s)",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "غُولَاغ"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 12 5",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "gulāg",
"sense": "system of all Soviet labour camps and prisons in use, especially during the Stalinist period (1930s–1950s)",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "جُولَاج"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 12 5",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "muʕaskar ʕaml",
"sense": "system of all Soviet labour camps and prisons in use, especially during the Stalinist period (1930s–1950s)",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "مُعَسْكَر عَمْل"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 12 5",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "Gulag",
"sense": "system of all Soviet labour camps and prisons in use, especially during the Stalinist period (1930s–1950s)",
"word": "Գուլագ"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 12 5",
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"sense": "system of all Soviet labour camps and prisons in use, especially during the Stalinist period (1930s–1950s)",
"word": "gulag"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 12 5",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "system of all Soviet labour camps and prisons in use, especially during the Stalinist period (1930s–1950s)",
"word": "Qulaq"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 12 5",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "system of all Soviet labour camps and prisons in use, especially during the Stalinist period (1930s–1950s)",
"word": "qulaq"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 12 5",
"code": "eu",
"lang": "Basque",
"sense": "system of all Soviet labour camps and prisons in use, especially during the Stalinist period (1930s–1950s)",
"word": "gulag"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 12 5",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "HULÁH",
"sense": "system of all Soviet labour camps and prisons in use, especially during the Stalinist period (1930s–1950s)",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ГУЛА́Г"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 12 5",
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "huláh",
"sense": "system of all Soviet labour camps and prisons in use, especially during the Stalinist period (1930s–1950s)",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "гула́г"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 12 5",
"code": "br",
"lang": "Breton",
"sense": "system of all Soviet labour camps and prisons in use, especially during the Stalinist period (1930s–1950s)",
"word": "goulag"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 12 5",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "system of all Soviet labour camps and prisons in use, especially during the Stalinist period (1930s–1950s)",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "gulag"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 12 5",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "gǔlāgé",
"sense": "system of all Soviet labour camps and prisons in use, especially during the Stalinist period (1930s–1950s)",
"word": "古拉格"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 12 5",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "system of all Soviet labour camps and prisons in use, especially during the Stalinist period (1930s–1950s)",
"word": "gulag"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 12 5",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "system of all Soviet labour camps and prisons in use, especially during the Stalinist period (1930s–1950s)",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "gulaglejr"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 12 5",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "system of all Soviet labour camps and prisons in use, especially during the Stalinist period (1930s–1950s)",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "goelag"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 12 5",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "system of all Soviet labour camps and prisons in use, especially during the Stalinist period (1930s–1950s)",
"word": "gulago"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 12 5",
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "system of all Soviet labour camps and prisons in use, especially during the Stalinist period (1930s–1950s)",
"word": "Gulag"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 12 5",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "system of all Soviet labour camps and prisons in use, especially during the Stalinist period (1930s–1950s)",
"word": "gulag"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 12 5",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "system of all Soviet labour camps and prisons in use, especially during the Stalinist period (1930s–1950s)",
"word": "vankileiri"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 12 5",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "system of all Soviet labour camps and prisons in use, especially during the Stalinist period (1930s–1950s)",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "goulag"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 12 5",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "system of all Soviet labour camps and prisons in use, especially during the Stalinist period (1930s–1950s)",
"word": "gulag"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 12 5",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "gulagi",
"sense": "system of all Soviet labour camps and prisons in use, especially during the Stalinist period (1930s–1950s)",
"word": "გულაგი"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 12 5",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "system of all Soviet labour camps and prisons in use, especially during the Stalinist period (1930s–1950s)",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Gulag"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 12 5",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "system of all Soviet labour camps and prisons in use, especially during the Stalinist period (1930s–1950s)",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"rare"
],
"word": "Gulag"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 12 5",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "system of all Soviet labour camps and prisons in use, especially during the Stalinist period (1930s–1950s)",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "GULag"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 12 5",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "gkoulágk",
"sense": "system of all Soviet labour camps and prisons in use, especially during the Stalinist period (1930s–1950s)",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "γκουλάγκ"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 12 5",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"sense": "system of all Soviet labour camps and prisons in use, especially during the Stalinist period (1930s–1950s)",
"word": "גולאג"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 12 5",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "gūlāg",
"sense": "system of all Soviet labour camps and prisons in use, especially during the Stalinist period (1930s–1950s)",
"word": "गूलाग"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 12 5",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "system of all Soviet labour camps and prisons in use, especially during the Stalinist period (1930s–1950s)",
"word": "gulag"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 12 5",
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "system of all Soviet labour camps and prisons in use, especially during the Stalinist period (1930s–1950s)",
"word": "gúlag"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 12 5",
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "system of all Soviet labour camps and prisons in use, especially during the Stalinist period (1930s–1950s)",
"word": "gulag"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 12 5",
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "system of all Soviet labour camps and prisons in use, especially during the Stalinist period (1930s–1950s)",
"word": "gulag"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 12 5",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "guragu",
"sense": "system of all Soviet labour camps and prisons in use, especially during the Stalinist period (1930s–1950s)",
"word": "グラグ"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 12 5",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "gurāgu",
"sense": "system of all Soviet labour camps and prisons in use, especially during the Stalinist period (1930s–1950s)",
"word": "グラーグ"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 12 5",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "gullak",
"sense": "system of all Soviet labour camps and prisons in use, especially during the Stalinist period (1930s–1950s)",
"word": "굴락"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 12 5",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "gullakeu",
"sense": "system of all Soviet labour camps and prisons in use, especially during the Stalinist period (1930s–1950s)",
"word": "굴라크"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 12 5",
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"sense": "system of all Soviet labour camps and prisons in use, especially during the Stalinist period (1930s–1950s)",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "gulag"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 12 5",
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "system of all Soviet labour camps and prisons in use, especially during the Stalinist period (1930s–1950s)",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Gulags"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 12 5",
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "system of all Soviet labour camps and prisons in use, especially during the Stalinist period (1930s–1950s)",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Gulagas"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 12 5",
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "gulag",
"sense": "system of all Soviet labour camps and prisons in use, especially during the Stalinist period (1930s–1950s)",
"word": "гулаг"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 12 5",
"code": "mr",
"lang": "Marathi",
"roman": "gulāg",
"sense": "system of all Soviet labour camps and prisons in use, especially during the Stalinist period (1930s–1950s)",
"word": "गुलाग"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 12 5",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "system of all Soviet labour camps and prisons in use, especially during the Stalinist period (1930s–1950s)",
"word": "gulag"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 12 5",
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "system of all Soviet labour camps and prisons in use, especially during the Stalinist period (1930s–1950s)",
"word": "gulag"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 12 5",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "gulâg",
"sense": "system of all Soviet labour camps and prisons in use, especially during the Stalinist period (1930s–1950s)",
"word": "گولاگ"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 12 5",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "system of all Soviet labour camps and prisons in use, especially during the Stalinist period (1930s–1950s)",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "gułag"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 12 5",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "system of all Soviet labour camps and prisons in use, especially during the Stalinist period (1930s–1950s)",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "GUŁag"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 12 5",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "system of all Soviet labour camps and prisons in use, especially during the Stalinist period (1930s–1950s)",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "gulag"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 12 5",
"code": "pa",
"lang": "Punjabi",
"roman": "gulāg",
"sense": "system of all Soviet labour camps and prisons in use, especially during the Stalinist period (1930s–1950s)",
"word": "ਗੁਲਾਗ"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 12 5",
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "system of all Soviet labour camps and prisons in use, especially during the Stalinist period (1930s–1950s)",
"word": "gulag"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 12 5",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "GULÁG",
"sense": "system of all Soviet labour camps and prisons in use, especially during the Stalinist period (1930s–1950s)",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ГУЛА́Г"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 12 5",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "GULág",
"sense": "system of all Soviet labour camps and prisons in use, especially during the Stalinist period (1930s–1950s)",
"word": "ГУЛа́г"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 12 5",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "Gulág",
"sense": "system of all Soviet labour camps and prisons in use, especially during the Stalinist period (1930s–1950s)",
"word": "Гула́г"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 12 5",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "gulág",
"sense": "system of all Soviet labour camps and prisons in use, especially during the Stalinist period (1930s–1950s)",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "гула́г"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 12 5",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "system of all Soviet labour camps and prisons in use, especially during the Stalinist period (1930s–1950s)",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "гу̏ла̄г"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 12 5",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "system of all Soviet labour camps and prisons in use, especially during the Stalinist period (1930s–1950s)",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"masculine"
],
"word": "gȕlāg"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 12 5",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "system of all Soviet labour camps and prisons in use, especially during the Stalinist period (1930s–1950s)",
"word": "gulag"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 12 5",
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "system of all Soviet labour camps and prisons in use, especially during the Stalinist period (1930s–1950s)",
"word": "gulag"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 12 5",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "system of all Soviet labour camps and prisons in use, especially during the Stalinist period (1930s–1950s)",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "gulag"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 12 5",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "system of all Soviet labour camps and prisons in use, especially during the Stalinist period (1930s–1950s)",
"word": "gulag"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 12 5",
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"sense": "system of all Soviet labour camps and prisons in use, especially during the Stalinist period (1930s–1950s)",
"word": "กูลัก"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 12 5",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "system of all Soviet labour camps and prisons in use, especially during the Stalinist period (1930s–1950s)",
"word": "gulag"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 12 5",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "HULÁH",
"sense": "system of all Soviet labour camps and prisons in use, especially during the Stalinist period (1930s–1950s)",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ГУЛА́Г"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 12 5",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "HUTÁB",
"sense": "system of all Soviet labour camps and prisons in use, especially during the Stalinist period (1930s–1950s)",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ГУТА́Б"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 12 5",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "huláh",
"sense": "system of all Soviet labour camps and prisons in use, especially during the Stalinist period (1930s–1950s)",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "гула́г"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 12 5",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "hutáb",
"sense": "system of all Soviet labour camps and prisons in use, especially during the Stalinist period (1930s–1950s)",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "гута́б"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 12 5",
"code": "ur",
"lang": "Urdu",
"roman": "gūlāg",
"sense": "system of all Soviet labour camps and prisons in use, especially during the Stalinist period (1930s–1950s)",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "گولاگ"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 12 5",
"code": "uz",
"lang": "Uzbek",
"sense": "system of all Soviet labour camps and prisons in use, especially during the Stalinist period (1930s–1950s)",
"word": "Gulag"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 12 5",
"code": "uz",
"lang": "Uzbek",
"sense": "system of all Soviet labour camps and prisons in use, especially during the Stalinist period (1930s–1950s)",
"word": "gulag"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 12 5",
"code": "pnb",
"lang": "Western Panjabi",
"roman": "golāg",
"sense": "system of all Soviet labour camps and prisons in use, especially during the Stalinist period (1930s–1950s)",
"word": "گولاگ"
},
{
"_dis1": "83 12 5",
"code": "yi",
"lang": "Yiddish",
"roman": "gulag",
"sense": "system of all Soviet labour camps and prisons in use, especially during the Stalinist period (1930s–1950s)",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "גולאַג"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "29 39 2 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
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"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
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"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 6 entries",
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},
{
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{
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},
{
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},
{
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},
{
"_dis": "32 30 8 30",
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"parents": [],
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},
{
"_dis": "33 29 8 30",
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},
{
"_dis": "34 28 10 29",
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},
{
"_dis": "33 29 8 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Catalan translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 29 15 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Czech translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 34 5 40",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Dutch translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 34 3 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Esperanto translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 28 7 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 34 4 41",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 30 8 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Galician translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "35 29 9 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Georgian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 34 5 39",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 36 7 35",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Greek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 39 8 28",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hebrew translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 34 6 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hindi translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 27 10 28",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hungarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "35 29 8 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Icelandic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 37 3 36",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ido translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 27 9 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Indonesian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 37 4 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Japanese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "32 27 7 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Korean translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 33 5 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Mandarin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 32 7 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Marathi translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 38 2 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Northern Kurdish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "32 26 8 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "32 34 3 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 30 9 28",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Persian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 28 8 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 30 8 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Punjabi translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 29 8 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Romanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 30 3 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 38 3 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 27 7 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 27 10 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Thai translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "35 28 7 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Turkish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 34 4 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Urdu translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 39 7 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Yiddish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 59 3 11",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Prison",
"orig": "en:Prison",
"parents": [
"Buildings",
"Law enforcement",
"Buildings and structures",
"Crime prevention",
"Emergency services",
"Law",
"Architecture",
"Crime",
"Public safety",
"Justice",
"Applied sciences",
"Art",
"Criminal law",
"Society",
"Public administration",
"Security",
"Sciences",
"Culture",
"All topics",
"Government",
"Fundamental",
"Politics"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A prison camp, especially one used to hold political prisoners."
],
"id": "en-gulag-en-noun-r8nkS7M3",
"links": [
[
"prison camp",
"prison camp"
],
[
"used",
"use#Verb"
],
[
"hold",
"hold#Verb"
],
[
"political prisoner",
"political prisoner"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension)",
"A prison camp, especially one used to hold political prisoners."
],
"tags": [
"broadly"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "33 29 15 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Czech translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 27 10 28",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hungarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 27 10 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Thai translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A place where, or political system in which, people with dissident views are routinely oppressed."
],
"id": "en-gulag-en-noun-2RHIyR3u",
"links": [
[
"place",
"place#Noun"
],
[
"political system",
"political system"
],
[
"people",
"person#Noun"
],
[
"dissident",
"dissident#Adjective"
],
[
"views",
"view#Noun"
],
[
"routinely",
"routinely"
],
[
"oppress",
"oppress"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension)",
"(also figuratively) A place where, or political system in which, people with dissident views are routinely oppressed."
],
"tags": [
"also",
"broadly",
"figuratively"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "7 7 87",
"code": "mr",
"lang": "Marathi",
"roman": "gulāg",
"sense": "place where, or political system in which, people with dissident views are routinely oppressed",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "गुलाग"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɡuːlɑɡ/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/-læɡ/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation",
"sometimes"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡuːˈlɑk/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
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"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f1/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-gulag.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-gulag.wav.mp3",
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},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɡuˌlɑɡ/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/-ˌlæɡ/",
"tags": [
"General-American",
"sometimes"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "(Received Pronunciation) -ɑːk"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "Gulag"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "GULAG"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Inta",
"Intalag",
"Komi Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic",
"gulag"
],
"word": "gulag"
}
{
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{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ru",
"3": "ГУЛА́Г"
},
"expansion": "Russian ГУЛА́Г (GULÁG)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "acronym"
},
"expansion": "acronym",
"name": "glossary"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Russian ГУЛА́Г (GULÁG), the acronym of Гла́вное управле́ние исправи́тельно-трудовы́х лагере́й (Glávnoje upravlénije ispravítelʹno-trudovýx lageréj, “Chief Administration of Corrective-Labor Camps”), the government agency in charge of the Soviet Union’s network of forced labour camps, which was established in 1918 and formally abolished in 1960: see GULAG.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "gulags",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gulaging",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "gulagging",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "gulaged",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "gulaged",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "gulagged",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "gulagged",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"past2": "gulagged",
"pres_ptc2": "gulagging"
},
"expansion": "gulag (third-person singular simple present gulags, present participle gulaging or gulagging, simple past and past participle gulaged or gulagged)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"gu‧lag"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "20 29 3 48",
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"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
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{
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{
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{
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{
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 29 15 23",
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"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 27 4 44",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Danish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 34 5 40",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 34 3 34",
"kind": "other",
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"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 28 7 34",
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"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 34 4 41",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 30 8 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Galician translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "35 29 9 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Georgian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 34 5 39",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 36 7 35",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Greek translations",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 34 6 30",
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"name": "Terms with Hindi translations",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 27 10 28",
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"name": "Terms with Hungarian translations",
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},
{
"_dis": "35 29 8 29",
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},
{
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},
{
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},
{
"_dis": "23 37 4 37",
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{
"_dis": "32 27 7 33",
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},
{
"_dis": "25 33 5 37",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 32 7 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Marathi translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 38 2 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Northern Kurdish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "32 26 8 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "32 34 3 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 30 9 28",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Persian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 28 8 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Polish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 30 8 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Punjabi translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 29 8 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Romanian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 30 3 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 38 3 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 27 7 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 27 10 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Thai translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "35 28 7 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Turkish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 34 4 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Urdu translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1988, Sue Curry Jansen, Censorship: The Knot that Binds Power and Knowledge (Communication and Society), New York, N.Y., Oxford, Oxfordshire: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 8:",
"text": "Regulative censorships can be amended or revolutionized in ways that raise or lower bodycounts, numbers of books banned or citizens ghettoed or gulaged.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1993 September, Nelson George, “Haywired”, in Jonathan Van Meter, editor, Vibe, New York, N.Y.: Time Inc. Ventures, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 116, column 3:",
"text": "The marriage would be the last good thing in [Spencer] Haywood's life for a long time. He was gulaged to basketball Siberia—the now-defunct New Orleans franchise—for his failure to resurrect the Knicks, but at [Kareem Abdul-]Jabbar's urging the Lakers acquired him in 1980.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1998, Peter Makuck, “Dangerous Difference: W[illiam] D[e Witt] Snodgrass’s The Death of Cock Robin”, in Philip Raisor, editor, Tuned and Under Tension: The Recent Poetry of W. D. Snodgrass, Newark, N.J.: University of Delaware Press; London: Associated University Presses, →ISBN, page 31:",
"text": "Such a situation touches off in the reader a powerful sense of historical déjà vu: witch hunts, Gestapo roundups, the McCarthy era, Argentinian death squads, [Francisco] Franco and the murder of [Federico] Garcia Lorca, the KGB and the disappearance of Isaac Babel, the gulagging of Osip Mandelstam and Anna Akhmatova, to name just a few.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2001, Larry Gross, “Journalism’s Closet Opens”, in Up from Invisibility: Lesbians, Gay Men, and the Media in America (Between Men—Between Women), New York, N.Y.: Columbia University Press, →ISBN, page 118:",
"text": "[Abraham Michael] Rosenthal's reign was described by many as a period of paranoia and terror at the [New York] Times—one reporter said, \"He was like the Czar; people would get gulaged at the drop of a hat.\"",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2012 October, Paul Kengor, “Frank’s Writings in the Chicago Star (1946–48)”, in The Communist: Frank Marshall Davis: The Untold Story of Barack Obama’s Mentor, New York, N.Y.: Threshold Editions/Mercury Ink, →ISBN, page 138:",
"text": "He wanted American Christians to pay reverence to the greater glory of the USSR, which, in his mind, was not a nation blowing up churches, gulaging the religious, shooting priests, locking up nuns with prostitutes—declaring nus \"whores to Christ\"—and pursuing what Mikhail Gorbachev later correctly described as a \"war on religion.\"",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2017, Susan S. M. Edwards, “Cyber-grooming Young Women for Terrorist Activity: Dominant and Subjugated Explanatory Narratives”, in Emilio C. Viano, editor, Cybercrime, Organized Crime, and Societal Responses: International Approaches, Cham, Switzerland=: Springer Nature, →DOI, →ISBN, page 30:",
"text": "Knowledge that does not serve the state ideological apparatus or the dominant ruling, economic, intellectual or political force is knowledge or ideas that are consciously suppressed and \"gulaged\".",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2019, Jal Mehta, Sarah Fine, “The Progressive Frontier: Project-based Learning”, in In Search of Deeper Learning: The Quest to Remake the American High School, Cambridge, Mass., London: Harvard University Press, →ISBN, page 52:",
"text": "The kids of high socioeconomic status were on the fifth floor, the lowest on the ground floor. The Technical Arts building had the Cape Verdeans and the Haitians … all of whom were Gulagged there in a building which they not-so-ironically called \"the island.\"",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2020, Fady Joudah, “Your Name is on the List and Other Vignettes”, in Pauline Kaldas, Khaled Mattawa, editors, Beyond Memory: An Anthology of Contemporary Arab American Creative Nonfiction, Fayetteville, Ark.: University of Arkansas Press, →ISBN, page 116:",
"text": "For Dad, home had been pulverized, reduced repeatedly to its nuclear constituents. As if he'd been gulagged to the Big Bang of belonging. An imaginary time, without boundary, without beginning or end.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To compel (someone) into a forced labour camp or a similar place of confinement or exile."
],
"id": "en-gulag-en-verb-LW4A~GMp",
"links": [
[
"compel",
"compel"
],
[
"forced labour",
"forced labor"
],
[
"camp",
"camp#Noun"
],
[
"similar",
"similar#Adjective"
],
[
"place",
"place#Noun"
],
[
"confinement",
"confinement"
],
[
"exile",
"exile#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, informal, also figuratively) To compel (someone) into a forced labour camp or a similar place of confinement or exile."
],
"tags": [
"also",
"figuratively",
"informal",
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to compel (someone) into a forced labour camp or a similar place of confinement or exile",
"word": "goulaguer"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɡuːlɑɡ/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/-læɡ/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation",
"sometimes"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡuːˈlɑk/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-gulag.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f1/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-gulag.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-gulag.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f1/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-gulag.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-gulag.wav.ogg"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɡuˌlɑɡ/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/-ˌlæɡ/",
"tags": [
"General-American",
"sometimes"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "(Received Pronunciation) -ɑːk"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Inta",
"Intalag",
"Komi Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic",
"gulag"
],
"word": "gulag"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "ru",
"3": "ГУЛА́Г"
},
"expansion": "Russian ГУЛА́Г (GULÁG)",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Russian ГУЛА́Г (GULÁG)",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "fi-decl-risti",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "no gradation",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "5/risti",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "gulag",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gulagit",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gulag",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gulagit",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gulagin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gulagit",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gulagin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gulagien",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gulagia",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gulageja",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gulagissa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gulageissa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gulagista",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gulageista",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gulagiin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gulageihin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gulagilla",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gulageilla",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gulagilta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gulageilta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gulagille",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gulageille",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gulagina",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gulageina",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gulagiksi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "gulageiksi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "gulagitta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gulageitta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gulagein",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "See the possessive forms below.",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "fi-decl-risti",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "no gradation",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "5/risti",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "fi-decl-risti",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "gulagini",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gulagini",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gulagini",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gulagini",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gulagini",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gulagini",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gulagini",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gulagieni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gulagiani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gulagejani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gulagissani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gulageissani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gulagistani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gulageistani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gulagiini",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gulageihini",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gulagillani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gulageillani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gulagiltani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gulageiltani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gulagilleni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gulageilleni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gulaginani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gulageinani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gulagikseni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "gulageikseni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "gulagittani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gulageittani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gulageineni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "fi-decl-risti",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "gulagisi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gulagisi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gulagisi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gulagisi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gulagisi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gulagisi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gulagisi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gulagiesi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gulagiasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gulagejasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gulagissasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gulageissasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gulagistasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gulageistasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gulagiisi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gulageihisi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gulagillasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gulageillasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gulagiltasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gulageiltasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gulagillesi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gulageillesi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gulaginasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gulageinasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gulagiksesi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "gulageiksesi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "gulagittasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gulageittasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gulageinesi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "fi-decl-risti",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "gulagimme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gulagimme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gulagimme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gulagimme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gulagimme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gulagimme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gulagimme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gulagiemme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gulagiamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gulagejamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gulagissamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gulageissamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gulagistamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gulageistamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gulagiimme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gulageihimme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gulagillamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gulageillamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gulagiltamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gulageiltamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gulagillemme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gulageillemme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gulaginamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gulageinamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gulagiksemme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "gulageiksemme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "gulagittamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gulageittamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gulageinemme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "fi-decl-risti",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "gulaginne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gulaginne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gulaginne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gulaginne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gulaginne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gulaginne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gulaginne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gulagienne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gulagianne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gulagejanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gulagissanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gulageissanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gulagistanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gulageistanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gulagiinne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gulageihinne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gulagillanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gulageillanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gulagiltanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gulageiltanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gulagillenne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gulageillenne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gulaginanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gulageinanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gulagiksenne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "gulageiksenne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "gulagittanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gulageittanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gulageinenne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "fi-decl-risti",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "gulaginsa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gulaginsa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gulaginsa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gulaginsa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gulaginsa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gulaginsa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gulaginsa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gulagiensa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gulagiaan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gulagiansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gulagejaan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gulagejansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gulagissaan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gulagissansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gulageissaan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gulageissansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gulagistaan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gulagistansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gulageistaan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gulageistansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gulagiinsa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gulageihinsa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gulagillaan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gulagillansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gulageillaan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gulageillansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gulagiltaan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gulagiltansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gulageiltaan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gulageiltansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gulagilleen",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gulagillensa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gulageilleen",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gulageillensa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gulaginaan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gulaginansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gulageinaan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gulageinansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gulagikseen",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "gulagiksensa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "gulageikseen",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "gulageiksensa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "gulagittaan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gulagittansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gulageittaan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gulageittansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gulageineen",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gulageinensa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "nouns",
"cat2": "",
"g": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "gulag",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "gulag",
"name": "fi-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gulag",
"2": "",
"3": "",
"4": "a",
"i": "0"
},
"name": "fi-decl-risti"
}
],
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Finnish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Finnish risti-type nominals",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 6 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "fi",
"name": "Soviet Union",
"orig": "fi:Soviet Union",
"parents": [
"Asia",
"Europe",
"Earth",
"Eurasia",
"Nature",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"gulag"
],
"id": "en-gulag-fi-noun-I5sFL~Zl",
"links": [
[
"gulag",
"#English"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɡulɑɡ/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈɡulɑ̝ɡ]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ulɑɡ"
}
],
"word": "gulag"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "gulags",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "#s"
},
"expansion": "gulag m (plural gulags)",
"name": "pt-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"gu‧lag"
],
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 6 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Portuguese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "pt",
"name": "Soviet Union",
"orig": "pt:Soviet Union",
"parents": [
"Asia",
"Europe",
"Earth",
"Eurasia",
"Nature",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"gulag (Soviet labour camp)"
],
"id": "en-gulag-pt-noun-z4fblCmt",
"links": [
[
"gulag",
"gulag#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɡu.la.ɡuˈi/",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ɡu.la.ɡʊˈi]",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡu.laˈɡi/",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡu.lɐˈɡi/",
"tags": [
"Portugal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ɡu.lɐˈɣi]",
"tags": [
"Portugal"
]
}
],
"word": "gulag"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "ru",
"3": "ГУЛАГ"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Russian ГУЛАГ (GULAG)",
"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Russian ГУЛАГ (GULAG).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "gulaguri",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ro-noun-n-uri",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "gulag",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gulagul",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gulaguri",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gulagurile",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gulag",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gulagului",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gulaguri",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gulagurilor",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gulagule",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "gulagurilor",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "n",
"2": "gulaguri"
},
"expansion": "gulag n (plural gulaguri)",
"name": "ro-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "n",
"gpd": "gulagurilor",
"gpi": "gulaguri",
"gsd": "gulagului",
"gsi": "gulag",
"n": "",
"npd": "gulagurile",
"npi": "gulaguri",
"nsd": "gulagul",
"nsi": "gulag",
"vp": "gulagurilor",
"vs": "gulagule",
"vs2": ""
},
"name": "ro-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 6 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Romanian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
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"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"gulag"
],
"id": "en-gulag-ro-noun-I5sFL~Zl",
"links": [
[
"gulag",
"gulag#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter"
]
}
],
"word": "gulag"
}
{
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"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
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"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gulagov",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dub",
"tags": [
"declension-pattern-of"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sk-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "nominative",
"source": "declension"
},
{
"form": "gulag",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gulagy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "genitive",
"source": "declension"
},
{
"form": "gulagu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gulagov",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dative",
"source": "declension"
},
{
"form": "gulagom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "accusative",
"source": "declension"
},
{
"form": "locative",
"source": "declension"
},
{
"form": "gulagoch",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "instrumental",
"source": "declension"
},
{
"form": "gulagom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gulagmi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
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"decl": "dub",
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"genpl": "gulagov",
"pl": "gulagy"
},
"expansion": "gulag m inan (genitive singular gulagu, nominative plural gulagy, genitive plural gulagov, declension pattern of dub)",
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}
],
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{
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"g": "u"
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],
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"lang_code": "sk",
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{
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{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 6 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
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{
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"source": "w"
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{
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{
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"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Slovak terms with declension dub",
"parents": [],
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],
"glosses": [
"gulag"
],
"id": "en-gulag-sk-noun-I5sFL~Zl",
"links": [
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"gulag",
"gulag#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
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"ipa": "[ˈkulak]"
}
],
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}
{
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"args": {
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"2": "ru",
"3": "ГУЛА́Г"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Russian ГУЛА́Г (GULÁG)",
"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Russian ГУЛА́Г (GULÁG).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "gulags",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
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"pos": "noun",
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{
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{
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"Entry maintenance"
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{
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"name": "Soviet Union",
"orig": "es:Soviet Union",
"parents": [
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"Europe",
"Earth",
"Eurasia",
"Nature",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
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"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"gulag"
],
"id": "en-gulag-es-noun-I5sFL~Zl",
"links": [
[
"gulag",
"gulag#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɡuˈlaɡ/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ɡuˈlaɣ̞]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-aɡ"
}
],
"word": "gulag"
}
{
"categories": [
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"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms borrowed from Russian",
"English terms derived from Russian",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 6 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ɑːk",
"Rhymes:English/ɑːk/2 syllables",
"Terms with Afrikaans translations",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with Armenian translations",
"Terms with Asturian translations",
"Terms with Azerbaijani translations",
"Terms with Basque translations",
"Terms with Belarusian translations",
"Terms with Breton translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Danish translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Estonian translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with Georgian translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Hebrew translations",
"Terms with Hindi translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Icelandic translations",
"Terms with Ido translations",
"Terms with Indonesian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Korean translations",
"Terms with Latvian translations",
"Terms with Lithuanian translations",
"Terms with Macedonian translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Marathi translations",
"Terms with Northern Kurdish translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations",
"Terms with Persian translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Punjabi translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Terms with Slovak translations",
"Terms with Slovene translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Thai translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"Terms with Urdu translations",
"Terms with Uzbek translations",
"Terms with Yiddish translations",
"en:Prison",
"en:Soviet Union"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "gulaglike"
}
],
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{
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"2": "ru",
"3": "ГУЛА́Г"
},
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"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "acronym"
},
"expansion": "acronym",
"name": "glossary"
}
],
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"forms": [
{
"form": "gulags",
"tags": [
"plural"
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}
],
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{
"args": {},
"expansion": "gulag (plural gulags)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
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"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with historical senses",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "[2006?], David Hosford, Pamela Kachurin, Thomas Lamont, “Day 1 Content Essay: The Establishment and Scope of the GULAG System”, in GULAG: Soviet Prison Camps and Their Legacy […], [U.S.A.]: National Park Service; Davis Center for Russian and Eurasian Studies, Harvard University, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2021-10-31, page 7, column 1:",
"text": "One important difference between the GULAG system and the Nazi concentration camps was that a person sentenced to five years of hard labor in a Soviet labor camp could expect, assuming he or she survived, to be released at the end of the sentence.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Also GULAG: the system of all Soviet labour camps and prisons in use, especially during the Stalinist period (1930s–1950s)."
],
"links": [
[
"GULAG",
"GULAG"
],
[
"system",
"system"
],
[
"Soviet",
"Soviet#Adjective"
],
[
"labour camp",
"labour camp"
],
[
"in use",
"in use"
],
[
"Stalinist",
"Stalinist"
],
[
"period",
"period"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical) Also GULAG: the system of all Soviet labour camps and prisons in use, especially during the Stalinist period (1930s–1950s)."
],
"tags": [
"historical"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A prison camp, especially one used to hold political prisoners."
],
"links": [
[
"prison camp",
"prison camp"
],
[
"used",
"use#Verb"
],
[
"hold",
"hold#Verb"
],
[
"political prisoner",
"political prisoner"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension)",
"A prison camp, especially one used to hold political prisoners."
],
"tags": [
"broadly"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A place where, or political system in which, people with dissident views are routinely oppressed."
],
"links": [
[
"place",
"place#Noun"
],
[
"political system",
"political system"
],
[
"people",
"person#Noun"
],
[
"dissident",
"dissident#Adjective"
],
[
"views",
"view#Noun"
],
[
"routinely",
"routinely"
],
[
"oppress",
"oppress"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension)",
"(also figuratively) A place where, or political system in which, people with dissident views are routinely oppressed."
],
"tags": [
"also",
"broadly",
"figuratively"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɡuːlɑɡ/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/-læɡ/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation",
"sometimes"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡuːˈlɑk/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-gulag.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f1/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-gulag.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-gulag.wav.mp3",
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},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɡuˌlɑɡ/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/-ˌlæɡ/",
"tags": [
"General-American",
"sometimes"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "(Received Pronunciation) -ɑːk"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "Gulag"
},
{
"word": "GULAG"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "af",
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"sense": "system of all Soviet labour camps and prisons in use, especially during the Stalinist period (1930s–1950s)",
"word": "goelag"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ḡulāḡ",
"sense": "system of all Soviet labour camps and prisons in use, especially during the Stalinist period (1930s–1950s)",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "غُولَاغ"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "gulāg",
"sense": "system of all Soviet labour camps and prisons in use, especially during the Stalinist period (1930s–1950s)",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "جُولَاج"
},
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "muʕaskar ʕaml",
"sense": "system of all Soviet labour camps and prisons in use, especially during the Stalinist period (1930s–1950s)",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "مُعَسْكَر عَمْل"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "Gulag",
"sense": "system of all Soviet labour camps and prisons in use, especially during the Stalinist period (1930s–1950s)",
"word": "Գուլագ"
},
{
"code": "ast",
"lang": "Asturian",
"sense": "system of all Soviet labour camps and prisons in use, especially during the Stalinist period (1930s–1950s)",
"word": "gulag"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "system of all Soviet labour camps and prisons in use, especially during the Stalinist period (1930s–1950s)",
"word": "Qulaq"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "system of all Soviet labour camps and prisons in use, especially during the Stalinist period (1930s–1950s)",
"word": "qulaq"
},
{
"code": "eu",
"lang": "Basque",
"sense": "system of all Soviet labour camps and prisons in use, especially during the Stalinist period (1930s–1950s)",
"word": "gulag"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "HULÁH",
"sense": "system of all Soviet labour camps and prisons in use, especially during the Stalinist period (1930s–1950s)",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ГУЛА́Г"
},
{
"code": "be",
"lang": "Belarusian",
"roman": "huláh",
"sense": "system of all Soviet labour camps and prisons in use, especially during the Stalinist period (1930s–1950s)",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "гула́г"
},
{
"code": "br",
"lang": "Breton",
"sense": "system of all Soviet labour camps and prisons in use, especially during the Stalinist period (1930s–1950s)",
"word": "goulag"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "system of all Soviet labour camps and prisons in use, especially during the Stalinist period (1930s–1950s)",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "gulag"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "gǔlāgé",
"sense": "system of all Soviet labour camps and prisons in use, especially during the Stalinist period (1930s–1950s)",
"word": "古拉格"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "system of all Soviet labour camps and prisons in use, especially during the Stalinist period (1930s–1950s)",
"word": "gulag"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "system of all Soviet labour camps and prisons in use, especially during the Stalinist period (1930s–1950s)",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "gulaglejr"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "system of all Soviet labour camps and prisons in use, especially during the Stalinist period (1930s–1950s)",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "goelag"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "system of all Soviet labour camps and prisons in use, especially during the Stalinist period (1930s–1950s)",
"word": "gulago"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "system of all Soviet labour camps and prisons in use, especially during the Stalinist period (1930s–1950s)",
"word": "Gulag"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "system of all Soviet labour camps and prisons in use, especially during the Stalinist period (1930s–1950s)",
"word": "gulag"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "system of all Soviet labour camps and prisons in use, especially during the Stalinist period (1930s–1950s)",
"word": "vankileiri"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "system of all Soviet labour camps and prisons in use, especially during the Stalinist period (1930s–1950s)",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "goulag"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "system of all Soviet labour camps and prisons in use, especially during the Stalinist period (1930s–1950s)",
"word": "gulag"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "gulagi",
"sense": "system of all Soviet labour camps and prisons in use, especially during the Stalinist period (1930s–1950s)",
"word": "გულაგი"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "system of all Soviet labour camps and prisons in use, especially during the Stalinist period (1930s–1950s)",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Gulag"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "system of all Soviet labour camps and prisons in use, especially during the Stalinist period (1930s–1950s)",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"rare"
],
"word": "Gulag"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "system of all Soviet labour camps and prisons in use, especially during the Stalinist period (1930s–1950s)",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "GULag"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "gkoulágk",
"sense": "system of all Soviet labour camps and prisons in use, especially during the Stalinist period (1930s–1950s)",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "γκουλάγκ"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"sense": "system of all Soviet labour camps and prisons in use, especially during the Stalinist period (1930s–1950s)",
"word": "גולאג"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "gūlāg",
"sense": "system of all Soviet labour camps and prisons in use, especially during the Stalinist period (1930s–1950s)",
"word": "गूलाग"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "system of all Soviet labour camps and prisons in use, especially during the Stalinist period (1930s–1950s)",
"word": "gulag"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "system of all Soviet labour camps and prisons in use, especially during the Stalinist period (1930s–1950s)",
"word": "gúlag"
},
{
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "system of all Soviet labour camps and prisons in use, especially during the Stalinist period (1930s–1950s)",
"word": "gulag"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "system of all Soviet labour camps and prisons in use, especially during the Stalinist period (1930s–1950s)",
"word": "gulag"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "guragu",
"sense": "system of all Soviet labour camps and prisons in use, especially during the Stalinist period (1930s–1950s)",
"word": "グラグ"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "gurāgu",
"sense": "system of all Soviet labour camps and prisons in use, especially during the Stalinist period (1930s–1950s)",
"word": "グラーグ"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "gullak",
"sense": "system of all Soviet labour camps and prisons in use, especially during the Stalinist period (1930s–1950s)",
"word": "굴락"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "gullakeu",
"sense": "system of all Soviet labour camps and prisons in use, especially during the Stalinist period (1930s–1950s)",
"word": "굴라크"
},
{
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"sense": "system of all Soviet labour camps and prisons in use, especially during the Stalinist period (1930s–1950s)",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "gulag"
},
{
"code": "lv",
"lang": "Latvian",
"sense": "system of all Soviet labour camps and prisons in use, especially during the Stalinist period (1930s–1950s)",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Gulags"
},
{
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "system of all Soviet labour camps and prisons in use, especially during the Stalinist period (1930s–1950s)",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Gulagas"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "gulag",
"sense": "system of all Soviet labour camps and prisons in use, especially during the Stalinist period (1930s–1950s)",
"word": "гулаг"
},
{
"code": "mr",
"lang": "Marathi",
"roman": "gulāg",
"sense": "system of all Soviet labour camps and prisons in use, especially during the Stalinist period (1930s–1950s)",
"word": "गुलाग"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "system of all Soviet labour camps and prisons in use, especially during the Stalinist period (1930s–1950s)",
"word": "gulag"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "system of all Soviet labour camps and prisons in use, especially during the Stalinist period (1930s–1950s)",
"word": "gulag"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"roman": "gulâg",
"sense": "system of all Soviet labour camps and prisons in use, especially during the Stalinist period (1930s–1950s)",
"word": "گولاگ"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "system of all Soviet labour camps and prisons in use, especially during the Stalinist period (1930s–1950s)",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "gułag"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "system of all Soviet labour camps and prisons in use, especially during the Stalinist period (1930s–1950s)",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "GUŁag"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "system of all Soviet labour camps and prisons in use, especially during the Stalinist period (1930s–1950s)",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "gulag"
},
{
"code": "pa",
"lang": "Punjabi",
"roman": "gulāg",
"sense": "system of all Soviet labour camps and prisons in use, especially during the Stalinist period (1930s–1950s)",
"word": "ਗੁਲਾਗ"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "system of all Soviet labour camps and prisons in use, especially during the Stalinist period (1930s–1950s)",
"word": "gulag"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "GULÁG",
"sense": "system of all Soviet labour camps and prisons in use, especially during the Stalinist period (1930s–1950s)",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ГУЛА́Г"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "GULág",
"sense": "system of all Soviet labour camps and prisons in use, especially during the Stalinist period (1930s–1950s)",
"word": "ГУЛа́г"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "Gulág",
"sense": "system of all Soviet labour camps and prisons in use, especially during the Stalinist period (1930s–1950s)",
"word": "Гула́г"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "gulág",
"sense": "system of all Soviet labour camps and prisons in use, especially during the Stalinist period (1930s–1950s)",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "гула́г"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "system of all Soviet labour camps and prisons in use, especially during the Stalinist period (1930s–1950s)",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "гу̏ла̄г"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "system of all Soviet labour camps and prisons in use, especially during the Stalinist period (1930s–1950s)",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"masculine"
],
"word": "gȕlāg"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "system of all Soviet labour camps and prisons in use, especially during the Stalinist period (1930s–1950s)",
"word": "gulag"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "system of all Soviet labour camps and prisons in use, especially during the Stalinist period (1930s–1950s)",
"word": "gulag"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "system of all Soviet labour camps and prisons in use, especially during the Stalinist period (1930s–1950s)",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "gulag"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "system of all Soviet labour camps and prisons in use, especially during the Stalinist period (1930s–1950s)",
"word": "gulag"
},
{
"code": "th",
"lang": "Thai",
"sense": "system of all Soviet labour camps and prisons in use, especially during the Stalinist period (1930s–1950s)",
"word": "กูลัก"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "system of all Soviet labour camps and prisons in use, especially during the Stalinist period (1930s–1950s)",
"word": "gulag"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "HULÁH",
"sense": "system of all Soviet labour camps and prisons in use, especially during the Stalinist period (1930s–1950s)",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ГУЛА́Г"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "HUTÁB",
"sense": "system of all Soviet labour camps and prisons in use, especially during the Stalinist period (1930s–1950s)",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ГУТА́Б"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "huláh",
"sense": "system of all Soviet labour camps and prisons in use, especially during the Stalinist period (1930s–1950s)",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "гула́г"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "hutáb",
"sense": "system of all Soviet labour camps and prisons in use, especially during the Stalinist period (1930s–1950s)",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "гута́б"
},
{
"code": "ur",
"lang": "Urdu",
"roman": "gūlāg",
"sense": "system of all Soviet labour camps and prisons in use, especially during the Stalinist period (1930s–1950s)",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "گولاگ"
},
{
"code": "uz",
"lang": "Uzbek",
"sense": "system of all Soviet labour camps and prisons in use, especially during the Stalinist period (1930s–1950s)",
"word": "Gulag"
},
{
"code": "uz",
"lang": "Uzbek",
"sense": "system of all Soviet labour camps and prisons in use, especially during the Stalinist period (1930s–1950s)",
"word": "gulag"
},
{
"code": "pnb",
"lang": "Western Panjabi",
"roman": "golāg",
"sense": "system of all Soviet labour camps and prisons in use, especially during the Stalinist period (1930s–1950s)",
"word": "گولاگ"
},
{
"code": "yi",
"lang": "Yiddish",
"roman": "gulag",
"sense": "system of all Soviet labour camps and prisons in use, especially during the Stalinist period (1930s–1950s)",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "גולאַג"
},
{
"code": "mr",
"lang": "Marathi",
"roman": "gulāg",
"sense": "place where, or political system in which, people with dissident views are routinely oppressed",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "गुलाग"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Inta",
"Intalag",
"Komi Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic",
"gulag"
],
"word": "gulag"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms borrowed from Russian",
"English terms derived from Russian",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 6 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ɑːk",
"Rhymes:English/ɑːk/2 syllables",
"Terms with Afrikaans translations",
"Terms with Arabic translations",
"Terms with Armenian translations",
"Terms with Asturian translations",
"Terms with Azerbaijani translations",
"Terms with Basque translations",
"Terms with Belarusian translations",
"Terms with Breton translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Danish translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Esperanto translations",
"Terms with Estonian translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with Georgian translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Hebrew translations",
"Terms with Hindi translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Icelandic translations",
"Terms with Ido translations",
"Terms with Indonesian translations",
"Terms with Japanese translations",
"Terms with Korean translations",
"Terms with Latvian translations",
"Terms with Lithuanian translations",
"Terms with Macedonian translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Marathi translations",
"Terms with Northern Kurdish translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations",
"Terms with Persian translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Punjabi translations",
"Terms with Romanian translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Terms with Slovak translations",
"Terms with Slovene translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"Terms with Thai translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations",
"Terms with Ukrainian translations",
"Terms with Urdu translations",
"Terms with Uzbek translations",
"Terms with Yiddish translations",
"en:Prison",
"en:Soviet Union"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ru",
"3": "ГУЛА́Г"
},
"expansion": "Russian ГУЛА́Г (GULÁG)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "acronym"
},
"expansion": "acronym",
"name": "glossary"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Russian ГУЛА́Г (GULÁG), the acronym of Гла́вное управле́ние исправи́тельно-трудовы́х лагере́й (Glávnoje upravlénije ispravítelʹno-trudovýx lageréj, “Chief Administration of Corrective-Labor Camps”), the government agency in charge of the Soviet Union’s network of forced labour camps, which was established in 1918 and formally abolished in 1960: see GULAG.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "gulags",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
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},
{
"form": "gulaging",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "gulagging",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "gulaged",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "gulaged",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "gulagged",
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"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "gulagged",
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"past"
]
}
],
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"name": "en-verb"
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"hyphenation": [
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"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
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{
"categories": [
"English informal terms",
"English terms with quotations",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1988, Sue Curry Jansen, Censorship: The Knot that Binds Power and Knowledge (Communication and Society), New York, N.Y., Oxford, Oxfordshire: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 8:",
"text": "Regulative censorships can be amended or revolutionized in ways that raise or lower bodycounts, numbers of books banned or citizens ghettoed or gulaged.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1993 September, Nelson George, “Haywired”, in Jonathan Van Meter, editor, Vibe, New York, N.Y.: Time Inc. Ventures, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 116, column 3:",
"text": "The marriage would be the last good thing in [Spencer] Haywood's life for a long time. He was gulaged to basketball Siberia—the now-defunct New Orleans franchise—for his failure to resurrect the Knicks, but at [Kareem Abdul-]Jabbar's urging the Lakers acquired him in 1980.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1998, Peter Makuck, “Dangerous Difference: W[illiam] D[e Witt] Snodgrass’s The Death of Cock Robin”, in Philip Raisor, editor, Tuned and Under Tension: The Recent Poetry of W. D. Snodgrass, Newark, N.J.: University of Delaware Press; London: Associated University Presses, →ISBN, page 31:",
"text": "Such a situation touches off in the reader a powerful sense of historical déjà vu: witch hunts, Gestapo roundups, the McCarthy era, Argentinian death squads, [Francisco] Franco and the murder of [Federico] Garcia Lorca, the KGB and the disappearance of Isaac Babel, the gulagging of Osip Mandelstam and Anna Akhmatova, to name just a few.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2001, Larry Gross, “Journalism’s Closet Opens”, in Up from Invisibility: Lesbians, Gay Men, and the Media in America (Between Men—Between Women), New York, N.Y.: Columbia University Press, →ISBN, page 118:",
"text": "[Abraham Michael] Rosenthal's reign was described by many as a period of paranoia and terror at the [New York] Times—one reporter said, \"He was like the Czar; people would get gulaged at the drop of a hat.\"",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2012 October, Paul Kengor, “Frank’s Writings in the Chicago Star (1946–48)”, in The Communist: Frank Marshall Davis: The Untold Story of Barack Obama’s Mentor, New York, N.Y.: Threshold Editions/Mercury Ink, →ISBN, page 138:",
"text": "He wanted American Christians to pay reverence to the greater glory of the USSR, which, in his mind, was not a nation blowing up churches, gulaging the religious, shooting priests, locking up nuns with prostitutes—declaring nus \"whores to Christ\"—and pursuing what Mikhail Gorbachev later correctly described as a \"war on religion.\"",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2017, Susan S. M. Edwards, “Cyber-grooming Young Women for Terrorist Activity: Dominant and Subjugated Explanatory Narratives”, in Emilio C. Viano, editor, Cybercrime, Organized Crime, and Societal Responses: International Approaches, Cham, Switzerland=: Springer Nature, →DOI, →ISBN, page 30:",
"text": "Knowledge that does not serve the state ideological apparatus or the dominant ruling, economic, intellectual or political force is knowledge or ideas that are consciously suppressed and \"gulaged\".",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2019, Jal Mehta, Sarah Fine, “The Progressive Frontier: Project-based Learning”, in In Search of Deeper Learning: The Quest to Remake the American High School, Cambridge, Mass., London: Harvard University Press, →ISBN, page 52:",
"text": "The kids of high socioeconomic status were on the fifth floor, the lowest on the ground floor. The Technical Arts building had the Cape Verdeans and the Haitians … all of whom were Gulagged there in a building which they not-so-ironically called \"the island.\"",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2020, Fady Joudah, “Your Name is on the List and Other Vignettes”, in Pauline Kaldas, Khaled Mattawa, editors, Beyond Memory: An Anthology of Contemporary Arab American Creative Nonfiction, Fayetteville, Ark.: University of Arkansas Press, →ISBN, page 116:",
"text": "For Dad, home had been pulverized, reduced repeatedly to its nuclear constituents. As if he'd been gulagged to the Big Bang of belonging. An imaginary time, without boundary, without beginning or end.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To compel (someone) into a forced labour camp or a similar place of confinement or exile."
],
"links": [
[
"compel",
"compel"
],
[
"forced labour",
"forced labor"
],
[
"camp",
"camp#Noun"
],
[
"similar",
"similar#Adjective"
],
[
"place",
"place#Noun"
],
[
"confinement",
"confinement"
],
[
"exile",
"exile#Noun"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, informal, also figuratively) To compel (someone) into a forced labour camp or a similar place of confinement or exile."
],
"tags": [
"also",
"figuratively",
"informal",
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɡuːlɑɡ/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/-læɡ/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation",
"sometimes"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡuːˈlɑk/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-gulag.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f1/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-gulag.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-gulag.wav.mp3",
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},
{
"ipa": "/ˈɡuˌlɑɡ/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/-ˌlæɡ/",
"tags": [
"General-American",
"sometimes"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "(Received Pronunciation) -ɑːk"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "to compel (someone) into a forced labour camp or a similar place of confinement or exile",
"word": "goulaguer"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Inta",
"Intalag",
"Komi Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic",
"gulag"
],
"word": "gulag"
}
{
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"3": "ГУЛА́Г"
},
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"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Russian ГУЛА́Г (GULÁG)",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
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},
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},
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"plural"
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},
{
"form": "gulag",
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"tags": [
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"nominative",
"singular"
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},
{
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},
{
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"singular"
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},
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"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gulagin",
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"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gulagien",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gulagia",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gulageja",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gulagissa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gulageissa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
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"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gulagista",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gulageista",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gulagiin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gulageihin",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gulagilla",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gulageilla",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gulagilta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gulageilta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gulagille",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gulageille",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gulagina",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gulageina",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gulagiksi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "gulageiksi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "gulagitta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gulageitta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gulagein",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "See the possessive forms below.",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
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},
{
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"tags": [
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]
},
{
"form": "no gradation",
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},
{
"form": "5/risti",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
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]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
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},
{
"form": "fi-decl-risti",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
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]
},
{
"form": "gulagini",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gulagini",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gulagini",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
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"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gulagini",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gulagini",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gulagini",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gulagini",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gulagieni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gulagiani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gulagejani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gulagissani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gulageissani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gulagistani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gulageistani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gulagiini",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gulageihini",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gulagillani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gulageillani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gulagiltani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gulageiltani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gulagilleni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gulageilleni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gulaginani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gulageinani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gulagikseni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "gulageikseni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "gulagittani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gulageittani",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gulageineni",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "fi-decl-risti",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "gulagisi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gulagisi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gulagisi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gulagisi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gulagisi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gulagisi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gulagisi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gulagiesi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gulagiasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gulagejasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gulagissasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gulageissasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gulagistasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gulageistasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gulagiisi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gulageihisi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gulagillasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gulageillasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gulagiltasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gulageiltasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gulagillesi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gulageillesi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gulaginasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gulageinasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gulagiksesi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "gulageiksesi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "gulagittasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gulageittasi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gulageinesi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "fi-decl-risti",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "gulagimme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gulagimme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gulagimme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gulagimme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gulagimme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gulagimme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gulagimme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gulagiemme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gulagiamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gulagejamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gulagissamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gulageissamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gulagistamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gulageistamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gulagiimme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gulageihimme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gulagillamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gulageillamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gulagiltamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gulageiltamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gulagillemme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gulageillemme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gulaginamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gulageinamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gulagiksemme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "gulageiksemme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "gulagittamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gulageittamme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gulageinemme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "fi-decl-risti",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "gulaginne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gulaginne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gulaginne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gulaginne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gulaginne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gulaginne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gulaginne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gulagienne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gulagianne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gulagejanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gulagissanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gulageissanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gulagistanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gulageistanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gulagiinne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gulageihinne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gulagillanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gulageillanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gulagiltanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gulageiltanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gulagillenne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gulageillenne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gulaginanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gulageinanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gulagiksenne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "gulageiksenne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "gulagittanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gulageittanne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gulageinenne",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "fi-decl-risti",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "gulaginsa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gulaginsa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gulaginsa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gulaginsa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gulaginsa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gulaginsa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gulaginsa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gulagiensa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gulagiaan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gulagiansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gulagejaan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gulagejansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"partitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gulagissaan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gulagissansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gulageissaan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gulageissansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gulagistaan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gulagistansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gulageistaan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gulageistansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"elative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gulagiinsa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gulageihinsa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"illative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gulagillaan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gulagillansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gulageillaan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gulageillansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"adessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gulagiltaan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gulagiltansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gulageiltaan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gulageiltansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gulagilleen",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gulagillensa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gulageilleen",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gulageillensa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"allative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gulaginaan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gulaginansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gulageinaan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gulageinansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"essive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gulagikseen",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "gulagiksensa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "gulageikseen",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "gulageiksensa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"translative"
]
},
{
"form": "gulagittaan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gulagittansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gulageittaan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gulageittansa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"abessive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instructive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gulageineen",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gulageinensa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"comitative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "nouns",
"cat2": "",
"g": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "gulag",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "gulag",
"name": "fi-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gulag",
"2": "",
"3": "",
"4": "a",
"i": "0"
},
"name": "fi-decl-risti"
}
],
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Finnish 2-syllable words",
"Finnish entries with incorrect language header",
"Finnish lemmas",
"Finnish nouns",
"Finnish risti-type nominals",
"Finnish terms borrowed from Russian",
"Finnish terms derived from Russian",
"Finnish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 6 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Finnish/ulɑɡ",
"Rhymes:Finnish/ulɑɡ/2 syllables",
"fi:Soviet Union"
],
"glosses": [
"gulag"
],
"links": [
[
"gulag",
"#English"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈɡulɑɡ/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈɡulɑ̝ɡ]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ulɑɡ"
}
],
"word": "gulag"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "gulags",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "#s"
},
"expansion": "gulag m (plural gulags)",
"name": "pt-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"gu‧lag"
],
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 6 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Portuguese 3-syllable words",
"Portuguese 4-syllable words",
"Portuguese countable nouns",
"Portuguese entries with incorrect language header",
"Portuguese lemmas",
"Portuguese masculine nouns",
"Portuguese nouns",
"Portuguese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"pt:Soviet Union"
],
"glosses": [
"gulag (Soviet labour camp)"
],
"links": [
[
"gulag",
"gulag#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɡu.la.ɡuˈi/",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ɡu.la.ɡʊˈi]",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡu.laˈɡi/",
"tags": [
"Brazil"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡu.lɐˈɡi/",
"tags": [
"Portugal"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ɡu.lɐˈɣi]",
"tags": [
"Portugal"
]
}
],
"word": "gulag"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "ru",
"3": "ГУЛАГ"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Russian ГУЛАГ (GULAG)",
"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Russian ГУЛАГ (GULAG).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "gulaguri",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ro-noun-n-uri",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "gulag",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gulagul",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gulaguri",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"indefinite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gulagurile",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gulag",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gulagului",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gulaguri",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gulagurilor",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gulagule",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "gulagurilor",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "n",
"2": "gulaguri"
},
"expansion": "gulag n (plural gulaguri)",
"name": "ro-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "n",
"gpd": "gulagurilor",
"gpi": "gulaguri",
"gsd": "gulagului",
"gsi": "gulag",
"n": "",
"npd": "gulagurile",
"npi": "gulaguri",
"nsd": "gulagul",
"nsi": "gulag",
"vp": "gulagurilor",
"vs": "gulagule",
"vs2": ""
},
"name": "ro-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 6 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Romanian countable nouns",
"Romanian entries with incorrect language header",
"Romanian lemmas",
"Romanian neuter nouns",
"Romanian nouns",
"Romanian nouns with red links in their headword lines",
"Romanian terms borrowed from Russian",
"Romanian terms derived from Russian"
],
"glosses": [
"gulag"
],
"links": [
[
"gulag",
"gulag#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter"
]
}
],
"word": "gulag"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "gulagu",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gulagy",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gulagov",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dub",
"tags": [
"declension-pattern-of"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sk-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "nominative",
"source": "declension"
},
{
"form": "gulag",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gulagy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "genitive",
"source": "declension"
},
{
"form": "gulagu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gulagov",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dative",
"source": "declension"
},
{
"form": "gulagom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "accusative",
"source": "declension"
},
{
"form": "locative",
"source": "declension"
},
{
"form": "gulagoch",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "instrumental",
"source": "declension"
},
{
"form": "gulagom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gulagmi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m-in",
"decl": "dub",
"gen": "gulagu",
"genpl": "gulagov",
"pl": "gulagy"
},
"expansion": "gulag m inan (genitive singular gulagu, nominative plural gulagy, genitive plural gulagov, declension pattern of dub)",
"name": "sk-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m-in",
"g": "u"
},
"name": "sk-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Slovak",
"lang_code": "sk",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 6 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Slovak entries with incorrect language header",
"Slovak inanimate nouns",
"Slovak lemmas",
"Slovak links with redundant wikilinks",
"Slovak masculine nouns",
"Slovak nouns",
"Slovak terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Slovak terms with declension dub"
],
"glosses": [
"gulag"
],
"links": [
[
"gulag",
"gulag#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈkulak]"
}
],
"word": "gulag"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "ru",
"3": "ГУЛА́Г"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Russian ГУЛА́Г (GULÁG)",
"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Russian ГУЛА́Г (GULÁG).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "gulags",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "gulag m (plural gulags)",
"name": "es-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"gu‧lag"
],
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 6 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Spanish/aɡ",
"Rhymes:Spanish/aɡ/2 syllables",
"Spanish 2-syllable words",
"Spanish countable nouns",
"Spanish entries with incorrect language header",
"Spanish lemmas",
"Spanish masculine nouns",
"Spanish nouns",
"Spanish terms borrowed from Russian",
"Spanish terms derived from Russian",
"Spanish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"es:Soviet Union"
],
"glosses": [
"gulag"
],
"links": [
[
"gulag",
"gulag#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɡuˈlaɡ/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ɡuˈlaɣ̞]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-aɡ"
}
],
"word": "gulag"
}
Download raw JSONL data for gulag meaning in All languages combined (55.2kB)
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'genitive-dative'",
"path": [
"gulag"
],
"section": "Romanian",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "gulag",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2447",
"msg": "rejected heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, BUT Slovak is not in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS; cleaned text: nominative",
"path": [
"gulag"
],
"section": "Slovak",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "gulag",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2512",
"msg": "rejected heuristic header: table cell identified as header based on style, BUT Slovak is not in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS; cleaned text: nominative, style: background:#eff7ff////td",
"path": [
"gulag"
],
"section": "Slovak",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "gulag",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2447",
"msg": "rejected heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, BUT Slovak is not in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS; cleaned text: genitive",
"path": [
"gulag"
],
"section": "Slovak",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "gulag",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2512",
"msg": "rejected heuristic header: table cell identified as header based on style, BUT Slovak is not in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS; cleaned text: genitive, style: background:#eff7ff////td",
"path": [
"gulag"
],
"section": "Slovak",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "gulag",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2447",
"msg": "rejected heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, BUT Slovak is not in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS; cleaned text: dative",
"path": [
"gulag"
],
"section": "Slovak",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "gulag",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2512",
"msg": "rejected heuristic header: table cell identified as header based on style, BUT Slovak is not in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS; cleaned text: dative, style: background:#eff7ff////td",
"path": [
"gulag"
],
"section": "Slovak",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "gulag",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2447",
"msg": "rejected heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, BUT Slovak is not in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS; cleaned text: accusative",
"path": [
"gulag"
],
"section": "Slovak",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "gulag",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2512",
"msg": "rejected heuristic header: table cell identified as header based on style, BUT Slovak is not in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS; cleaned text: accusative, style: background:#eff7ff////td",
"path": [
"gulag"
],
"section": "Slovak",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "gulag",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2447",
"msg": "rejected heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, BUT Slovak is not in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS; cleaned text: locative",
"path": [
"gulag"
],
"section": "Slovak",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "gulag",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2512",
"msg": "rejected heuristic header: table cell identified as header based on style, BUT Slovak is not in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS; cleaned text: locative, style: background:#eff7ff////td",
"path": [
"gulag"
],
"section": "Slovak",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "gulag",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2447",
"msg": "rejected heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, BUT Slovak is not in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS; cleaned text: instrumental",
"path": [
"gulag"
],
"section": "Slovak",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "gulag",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2512",
"msg": "rejected heuristic header: table cell identified as header based on style, BUT Slovak is not in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS; cleaned text: instrumental, style: background:#eff7ff////td",
"path": [
"gulag"
],
"section": "Slovak",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "gulag",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/1826",
"msg": "inflection table: empty tags for nominative",
"path": [
"gulag"
],
"section": "Slovak",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "gulag",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/1826",
"msg": "inflection table: empty tags for genitive",
"path": [
"gulag"
],
"section": "Slovak",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "gulag",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/1826",
"msg": "inflection table: empty tags for dative",
"path": [
"gulag"
],
"section": "Slovak",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "gulag",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/1826",
"msg": "inflection table: empty tags for accusative",
"path": [
"gulag"
],
"section": "Slovak",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "gulag",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/1826",
"msg": "inflection table: empty tags for locative",
"path": [
"gulag"
],
"section": "Slovak",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "gulag",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/1826",
"msg": "inflection table: empty tags for instrumental",
"path": [
"gulag"
],
"section": "Slovak",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "gulag",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.