See già on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for già meaning in All languages combined (21.2kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "giacché"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "giammai"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "la",
"3": "iam",
"4": "",
"5": "already, now"
},
"expansion": "Latin iam (“already, now”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*yē",
"4": "",
"5": "already"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *yē (“already”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "ja",
"3": "",
"4": "already"
},
"expansion": "Old French ja (“already”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌾𐌰",
"3": "",
"4": ""
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐌾𐌰 (ja)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌾𐌰𐌹",
"3": "",
"4": "yes"
},
"expansion": "𐌾𐌰𐌹 (jai, “yes”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "ja",
"3": "ja, jā",
"4": "yes"
},
"expansion": "Old High German ja, jā (“yes”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ġēa",
"3": "",
"4": "yes"
},
"expansion": "Old English ġēa (“yes”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "yea"
},
"expansion": "yea",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "yes"
},
"expansion": "yes",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin iam (“already, now”), from Proto-Indo-European *yē (“already”), cognate with Old French ja (“already”). Related to Gothic 𐌾𐌰 (ja), 𐌾𐌰𐌹 (jai, “yes”), Old High German ja, jā (“yes”), Old English ġēa (“yes”). More at yea, yes.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "già",
"name": "it-adv"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"già"
],
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"pos": "adv",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"already, yet"
],
"id": "en-già-it-adv-fJCOr8KB",
"links": [
[
"already",
"already"
],
[
"yet",
"yet"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "ormai"
},
{
"word": "fin d'ora"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"as early as"
],
"id": "en-già-it-adv-xaig4a8N",
"links": [
[
"early",
"early"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "Via Montello (già Trento)",
"text": "Montello Street (formerly known as Trento Street)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "Mario Rossi, former Minister of Finance",
"text": "Mario Rossi, già ministro delle Finanze",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"former, ex-"
],
"id": "en-già-it-adv-m6U~aJzw",
"links": [
[
"former",
"former"
],
[
"ex-",
"ex-"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "ex-"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"yes, yeah"
],
"id": "en-già-it-adv-HbvNdYA8",
"links": [
[
"yes",
"yes"
],
[
"yeah",
"yeah"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(informal) yes, yeah"
],
"tags": [
"informal"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "16 0 28 17 39",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Italian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "I do not think you will take offense.",
"text": "Non credo io già, che ve ne avrete a male.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"an expletive, a word that adds to the strength of a phrase without affecting its meaning and is usually left untranslated"
],
"id": "en-già-it-adv-T8cxFNY7",
"links": [
[
"expletive",
"expletive"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈd͡ʒa/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈd͡ʒa/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-a"
}
],
"word": "già"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "già",
"3": "",
"gloss": "",
"tr": ""
},
"expansion": "già",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "già",
"gloss": "",
"tr": ""
},
"expansion": "già",
"name": "l/vi/Latn"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "già"
},
"expansion": "già",
"name": "vi-l"
}
],
"text": "Northern Vietnamese: già"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "già",
"3": "",
"gloss": "",
"tr": ""
},
"expansion": "già",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "già",
"gloss": "",
"tr": ""
},
"expansion": "già",
"name": "l/vi/Latn"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "già"
},
"expansion": "già",
"name": "vi-l"
}
],
"text": "Southern Vietnamese: già"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mkh-mvi",
"2": "mkh-vie-pro",
"3": "*k-raː"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Vietic *k-raː",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mkh-mvi",
"2": "mkh-pro",
"3": "*kraʔ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Mon-Khmer *kraʔ",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mkh-pro",
"2": "*(k)rah"
},
"expansion": "*(k)rah",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "tra"
},
"expansion": "tra",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Vietic *k-raː, from Proto-Mon-Khmer *kraʔ ~ *(k)rah.\nAttested in the Dictionarium Annamiticum Lusitanum et Latinum (1651), a dictionary based chiefly on the Northern dialects.\nThe Middle Vietnamese form ancestral to the modern Southern Vietnamese form, although technically unattested, should be phonologically identical to the Northern Middle Vietnamese form here. The modern Southern form is listed as a \"descendant\" in this entry for convenience.\nThe modern North Central form tra is not a reflex of this form, but from an earlier from that underwent a separate development of the onset.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "𦓅",
"tags": [
"CJK"
]
},
{
"form": "𫅷",
"tags": [
"CJK"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mkh-mvi",
"2": "adjective",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"head": "",
"sc": "Latn",
"sort": "",
"tr": "𦓅, 𫅷"
},
"expansion": "già (𦓅, 𫅷)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "𦓅, 𫅷"
},
"expansion": "già (𦓅, 𫅷)",
"name": "mkh-mvi-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "mkh-mvi",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "già giẹt"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "già giệt"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "old man",
"text": "ou᷄ già",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "old woman",
"text": "bà già",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "dear old man and woman",
"text": "thân ou᷄ già bà già",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "very old",
"text": "già cả",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "very old",
"text": "già nua",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "rủ rỉ già cả ― old and decrepit",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "senile",
"text": "già lẩn",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "già móm ― old and toothless",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "Wisdom increases with age.",
"text": "Càng già càng khôn.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "to reach old age, to approach old age",
"text": "đến già",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"old"
],
"id": "en-già-mkh-mvi-adj-y6BrVzb6",
"links": [
[
"old",
"old"
]
],
"qualifier": "living being",
"raw_glosses": [
"(living being) old"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "3 97",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 95",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle Vietnamese terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant script codes",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "overripe fruit",
"text": "blái già",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "mature bamboo",
"text": "tle già",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "mature ivory",
"text": "ngà già",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "old silver",
"text": "bạc già",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"overripe, mature"
],
"id": "en-già-mkh-mvi-adj--2VgSpq4",
"links": [
[
"overripe",
"overripe"
],
[
"mature",
"mature"
]
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "jà"
}
],
"word": "già"
}
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "trẻ"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "mkh-mvi",
"3": "già"
},
"expansion": "Middle Vietnamese già",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "mkh-vie-pro",
"3": "*k-raː"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Vietic *k-raː",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "mkh-pro",
"3": "*kraʔ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Mon-Khmer *kraʔ",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mkh-pro",
"2": "*(k)rah"
},
"expansion": "*(k)rah",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mtq",
"2": "khà"
},
"expansion": "Muong khà",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tou",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Tho",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bdq",
"2": "kră"
},
"expansion": "Bahnar kră",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "tra"
},
"expansion": "tra",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "*k-r"
},
"expansion": "*k-r",
"name": "IPAfont"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "*k-l"
},
"expansion": "*k-l",
"name": "IPAfont"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "sâu"
},
"expansion": "sâu",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "trâu",
"3": "",
"4": "caterpillar"
},
"expansion": "trâu (“caterpillar”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "sừng"
},
"expansion": "sừng",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "trừng",
"3": "",
"4": "horn"
},
"expansion": "trừng (“horn”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "giòi",
"3": "",
"4": "maggot"
},
"expansion": "giòi (“maggot”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "giữa",
"3": "",
"4": "middle"
},
"expansion": "giữa (“middle”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Vietnamese già, from Proto-Vietic *k-raː, from Proto-Mon-Khmer *kraʔ ~ *(k)rah. Cognate with Muong khà, Tho [Cuối Chăm] kʰraː¹, Bahnar kră. Compare also Nghệ An/Hà Tĩnh dialects tra.\nThe standard written Vietnamese form is irregular (the expected form would be **sa), while the North Central form shows the shift from *k-r to *k-l observable in several other instances: compare sâu and trâu (“caterpillar”), sừng and trừng (“horn”). See giòi (“maggot”), giữa (“middle”) for other instances of mainstream Vietnamese ‹gi› from initial *k-r.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "𦓅",
"tags": [
"CJK"
]
},
{
"form": "𫅷",
"tags": [
"CJK"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "adjective",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"head": "",
"tr": "𦓅, 𫅷"
},
"expansion": "già • (𦓅, 𫅷)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "𦓅, 𫅷"
},
"expansion": "già • (𦓅, 𫅷)",
"name": "vi-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "già cả"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "già chát"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "già cỗi"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "già dặn"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "già khằn"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "già khọm"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "già khú"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "già khú đế"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "già néo đứt dây"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "già nua"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "cũ"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "lão"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "23 5 32 0 1 0 28 0 10",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "vi",
"name": "Age",
"orig": "vi:Age",
"parents": [
"Human",
"Time",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "to make way for the elderly",
"text": "nhường bước người già",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "old chickens have leathery meat",
"text": "gà già thịt dai",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "old tree",
"text": "cây già",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"old; compare cũ (of objects)"
],
"id": "en-già-vi-adj-8Hu1K-ka",
"links": [
[
"old",
"old"
],
[
"cũ",
"cũ#Vietnamese"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(of lifeforms) old; compare cũ (of objects)"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of lifeforms"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "7 16 9 8 22 7 18 5 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Vietnamese nouns without classifiers",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "an old face (ie. with wrinkles)",
"text": "mặt già",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "to search for a woman with an old voice to voice the role of an old woman (ie. someone whose voice sounds like an old person)",
"text": "tìm một chị tiếng già để đóng vai bà lão",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "to worry too much and thus age too soon",
"text": "lo nghĩ nhiều nên già trước tuổi",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"having the characteristics of appearances of an old person although not that old"
],
"id": "en-già-vi-adj-Qswd2DeT"
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "23 5 32 0 1 0 28 0 10",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "vi",
"name": "Age",
"orig": "vi:Age",
"parents": [
"Human",
"Time",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "veteran teacher",
"text": "thầy già",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "He is my old friend.",
"text": "Cậu ta là bạn già của mình.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "Not even 40 years old but already a Party veteran.",
"text": "Chưa đến bốn mươi nhưng đã già tuổi Đảng.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"veteran, experienced, longtime"
],
"id": "en-già-vi-adj-OH72XDy4",
"links": [
[
"veteran",
"veteran"
],
[
"experienced",
"experienced"
],
[
"longtime",
"longtime"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "cau già ― overripe areca nut",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "overripe gourd",
"text": "bầu già",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"overripe"
],
"id": "en-già-vi-adj-MsSOUXd5",
"links": [
[
"overripe",
"overripe"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "3 14 3 17 37 12 6 5 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 16 9 8 22 7 18 5 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Vietnamese nouns without classifiers",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 14 6 14 28 10 17 4 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Vietnamese pronouns",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 13 4 12 28 9 10 20 3",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "vi",
"name": "Card games",
"orig": "vi:Card games",
"parents": [
"Games",
"Recreation",
"Human activity",
"Human behaviour",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "too-warm water",
"text": "nước nóng già",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "to scare someone and make them give in",
"text": "dọa già dọa non",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "hydrogen peroxide",
"text": "nước ô-xi già",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"above average, more than normal"
],
"id": "en-già-vi-adj-QBUbBN3N",
"links": [
[
"above average",
"above average"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "over by one meter",
"text": "già một thước",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "scoop just over one dou",
"text": "lấy già một đấu",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"slightly excessive, over"
],
"id": "en-già-vi-adj-~pGsF2hc",
"links": [
[
"excessive",
"excessive"
],
[
"over",
"over"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[zaː˨˩]",
"tags": [
"Hà-Nội"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[jaː˦˩]",
"tags": [
"Huế"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[jaː˨˩]",
"tags": [
"Hồ-Chí-Minh-City"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Central",
"North",
"Vietnam"
],
"word": "tra"
}
],
"word": "già"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "mkh-mvi",
"3": "già"
},
"expansion": "Middle Vietnamese già",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "mkh-vie-pro",
"3": "*k-raː"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Vietic *k-raː",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "mkh-pro",
"3": "*kraʔ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Mon-Khmer *kraʔ",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mkh-pro",
"2": "*(k)rah"
},
"expansion": "*(k)rah",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mtq",
"2": "khà"
},
"expansion": "Muong khà",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tou",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Tho",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bdq",
"2": "kră"
},
"expansion": "Bahnar kră",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "tra"
},
"expansion": "tra",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "*k-r"
},
"expansion": "*k-r",
"name": "IPAfont"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "*k-l"
},
"expansion": "*k-l",
"name": "IPAfont"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "sâu"
},
"expansion": "sâu",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "trâu",
"3": "",
"4": "caterpillar"
},
"expansion": "trâu (“caterpillar”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "sừng"
},
"expansion": "sừng",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "trừng",
"3": "",
"4": "horn"
},
"expansion": "trừng (“horn”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "giòi",
"3": "",
"4": "maggot"
},
"expansion": "giòi (“maggot”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "giữa",
"3": "",
"4": "middle"
},
"expansion": "giữa (“middle”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Vietnamese già, from Proto-Vietic *k-raː, from Proto-Mon-Khmer *kraʔ ~ *(k)rah. Cognate with Muong khà, Tho [Cuối Chăm] kʰraː¹, Bahnar kră. Compare also Nghệ An/Hà Tĩnh dialects tra.\nThe standard written Vietnamese form is irregular (the expected form would be **sa), while the North Central form shows the shift from *k-r to *k-l observable in several other instances: compare sâu and trâu (“caterpillar”), sừng and trừng (“horn”). See giòi (“maggot”), giữa (“middle”) for other instances of mainstream Vietnamese ‹gi› from initial *k-r.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "pronoun",
"head": "",
"tr": ""
},
"expansion": "già",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "già",
"name": "vi-pronoun"
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "pron",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Thank you, elder.",
"text": "Cám ơn già.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"I/me/you, a village/tribe elder or elderly person"
],
"id": "en-già-vi-pron-yO9BWCUi",
"links": [
[
"I",
"I"
],
[
"me",
"me"
],
[
"you",
"you"
],
[
"village",
"village"
],
[
"tribe",
"tribe"
],
[
"elder",
"elder"
],
[
"elderly",
"elderly"
],
[
"person",
"person"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(literary or dialectal) I/me/you, a village/tribe elder or elderly person"
],
"tags": [
"dialectal",
"literary"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[zaː˨˩]",
"tags": [
"Hà-Nội"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[jaː˦˩]",
"tags": [
"Huế"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[jaː˨˩]",
"tags": [
"Hồ-Chí-Minh-City"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Central",
"North",
"Vietnam"
],
"word": "tra"
}
],
"word": "già"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "mkh-mvi",
"3": "già"
},
"expansion": "Middle Vietnamese già",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "mkh-vie-pro",
"3": "*k-raː"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Vietic *k-raː",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "mkh-pro",
"3": "*kraʔ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Mon-Khmer *kraʔ",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mkh-pro",
"2": "*(k)rah"
},
"expansion": "*(k)rah",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mtq",
"2": "khà"
},
"expansion": "Muong khà",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tou",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Tho",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bdq",
"2": "kră"
},
"expansion": "Bahnar kră",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "tra"
},
"expansion": "tra",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "*k-r"
},
"expansion": "*k-r",
"name": "IPAfont"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "*k-l"
},
"expansion": "*k-l",
"name": "IPAfont"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "sâu"
},
"expansion": "sâu",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "trâu",
"3": "",
"4": "caterpillar"
},
"expansion": "trâu (“caterpillar”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "sừng"
},
"expansion": "sừng",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "trừng",
"3": "",
"4": "horn"
},
"expansion": "trừng (“horn”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "giòi",
"3": "",
"4": "maggot"
},
"expansion": "giòi (“maggot”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "giữa",
"3": "",
"4": "middle"
},
"expansion": "giữa (“middle”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Vietnamese già, from Proto-Vietic *k-raː, from Proto-Mon-Khmer *kraʔ ~ *(k)rah. Cognate with Muong khà, Tho [Cuối Chăm] kʰraː¹, Bahnar kră. Compare also Nghệ An/Hà Tĩnh dialects tra.\nThe standard written Vietnamese form is irregular (the expected form would be **sa), while the North Central form shows the shift from *k-r to *k-l observable in several other instances: compare sâu and trâu (“caterpillar”), sừng and trừng (“horn”). See giòi (“maggot”), giữa (“middle”) for other instances of mainstream Vietnamese ‹gi› from initial *k-r.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"head": "",
"tr": ""
},
"expansion": "già",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "già",
"name": "vi-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "át"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "xì"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "heo"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "hai"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "ba"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "bốn"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "năm"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "sáu"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "bảy"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "tám"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "chín"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "mười"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "bồi"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "đầm"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "phăng teo"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "7 16 9 8 22 7 18 5 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Vietnamese nouns without classifiers",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 5 32 0 1 0 28 0 10",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "vi",
"name": "Age",
"orig": "vi:Age",
"parents": [
"Human",
"Time",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"elder, old person"
],
"id": "en-già-vi-noun-zIBttLBJ",
"links": [
[
"elder",
"elder"
],
[
"person",
"person"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(familiar) elder, old person"
],
"tags": [
"familiar"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "vi",
"name": "Card games",
"orig": "vi:Card games",
"parents": [
"Games",
"Recreation",
"Human activity",
"Human behaviour",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"king"
],
"id": "en-già-vi-noun-6B3-aYQa",
"links": [
[
"card game",
"card game"
],
[
"king",
"king"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(card games) king"
],
"topics": [
"card-games",
"games"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[zaː˨˩]",
"tags": [
"Hà-Nội"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[jaː˦˩]",
"tags": [
"Huế"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[jaː˨˩]",
"tags": [
"Hồ-Chí-Minh-City"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"Central",
"North",
"Vietnam"
],
"word": "tra"
}
],
"word": "già"
}
{
"categories": [
"Italian 1-syllable words",
"Italian adverbs",
"Italian entries with incorrect language header",
"Italian lemmas",
"Italian terms derived from Latin",
"Italian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Italian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Italian terms with audio links",
"Rhymes:Italian/a",
"Rhymes:Italian/a/1 syllable",
"vi:Age",
"vi:Card games"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "giacché"
},
{
"word": "giammai"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "la",
"3": "iam",
"4": "",
"5": "already, now"
},
"expansion": "Latin iam (“already, now”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*yē",
"4": "",
"5": "already"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *yē (“already”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "ja",
"3": "",
"4": "already"
},
"expansion": "Old French ja (“already”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌾𐌰",
"3": "",
"4": ""
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐌾𐌰 (ja)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌾𐌰𐌹",
"3": "",
"4": "yes"
},
"expansion": "𐌾𐌰𐌹 (jai, “yes”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "ja",
"3": "ja, jā",
"4": "yes"
},
"expansion": "Old High German ja, jā (“yes”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "ġēa",
"3": "",
"4": "yes"
},
"expansion": "Old English ġēa (“yes”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "yea"
},
"expansion": "yea",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "yes"
},
"expansion": "yes",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Latin iam (“already, now”), from Proto-Indo-European *yē (“already”), cognate with Old French ja (“already”). Related to Gothic 𐌾𐌰 (ja), 𐌾𐌰𐌹 (jai, “yes”), Old High German ja, jā (“yes”), Old English ġēa (“yes”). More at yea, yes.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "già",
"name": "it-adv"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"già"
],
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"pos": "adv",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"already, yet"
],
"links": [
[
"already",
"already"
],
[
"yet",
"yet"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "ormai"
},
{
"word": "fin d'ora"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"as early as"
],
"links": [
[
"early",
"early"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Italian terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "Via Montello (già Trento)",
"text": "Montello Street (formerly known as Trento Street)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "Mario Rossi, former Minister of Finance",
"text": "Mario Rossi, già ministro delle Finanze",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"former, ex-"
],
"links": [
[
"former",
"former"
],
[
"ex-",
"ex-"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "ex-"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Italian informal terms"
],
"glosses": [
"yes, yeah"
],
"links": [
[
"yes",
"yes"
],
[
"yeah",
"yeah"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(informal) yes, yeah"
],
"tags": [
"informal"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Italian terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "I do not think you will take offense.",
"text": "Non credo io già, che ve ne avrete a male.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"an expletive, a word that adds to the strength of a phrase without affecting its meaning and is usually left untranslated"
],
"links": [
[
"expletive",
"expletive"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈd͡ʒa/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈd͡ʒa/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-a"
}
],
"word": "già"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle Vietnamese adjectives",
"Middle Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle Vietnamese lemmas",
"Middle Vietnamese terms derived from Proto-Mon-Khmer",
"Middle Vietnamese terms derived from Proto-Vietic",
"Middle Vietnamese terms inherited from Proto-Mon-Khmer",
"Middle Vietnamese terms inherited from Proto-Vietic",
"Middle Vietnamese terms with redundant script codes",
"vi:Age",
"vi:Card games"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "già",
"3": "",
"gloss": "",
"tr": ""
},
"expansion": "già",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "già",
"gloss": "",
"tr": ""
},
"expansion": "già",
"name": "l/vi/Latn"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "già"
},
"expansion": "già",
"name": "vi-l"
}
],
"text": "Northern Vietnamese: già"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "già",
"3": "",
"gloss": "",
"tr": ""
},
"expansion": "già",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "già",
"gloss": "",
"tr": ""
},
"expansion": "già",
"name": "l/vi/Latn"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "già"
},
"expansion": "già",
"name": "vi-l"
}
],
"text": "Southern Vietnamese: già"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mkh-mvi",
"2": "mkh-vie-pro",
"3": "*k-raː"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Vietic *k-raː",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mkh-mvi",
"2": "mkh-pro",
"3": "*kraʔ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Mon-Khmer *kraʔ",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mkh-pro",
"2": "*(k)rah"
},
"expansion": "*(k)rah",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "tra"
},
"expansion": "tra",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Vietic *k-raː, from Proto-Mon-Khmer *kraʔ ~ *(k)rah.\nAttested in the Dictionarium Annamiticum Lusitanum et Latinum (1651), a dictionary based chiefly on the Northern dialects.\nThe Middle Vietnamese form ancestral to the modern Southern Vietnamese form, although technically unattested, should be phonologically identical to the Northern Middle Vietnamese form here. The modern Southern form is listed as a \"descendant\" in this entry for convenience.\nThe modern North Central form tra is not a reflex of this form, but from an earlier from that underwent a separate development of the onset.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "𦓅",
"tags": [
"CJK"
]
},
{
"form": "𫅷",
"tags": [
"CJK"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mkh-mvi",
"2": "adjective",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"head": "",
"sc": "Latn",
"sort": "",
"tr": "𦓅, 𫅷"
},
"expansion": "già (𦓅, 𫅷)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "𦓅, 𫅷"
},
"expansion": "già (𦓅, 𫅷)",
"name": "mkh-mvi-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "mkh-mvi",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"word": "già giẹt"
},
{
"word": "già giệt"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Middle Vietnamese terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "old man",
"text": "ou᷄ già",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "old woman",
"text": "bà già",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "dear old man and woman",
"text": "thân ou᷄ già bà già",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "very old",
"text": "già cả",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "very old",
"text": "già nua",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "rủ rỉ già cả ― old and decrepit",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "senile",
"text": "già lẩn",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "già móm ― old and toothless",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "Wisdom increases with age.",
"text": "Càng già càng khôn.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "to reach old age, to approach old age",
"text": "đến già",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"old"
],
"links": [
[
"old",
"old"
]
],
"qualifier": "living being",
"raw_glosses": [
"(living being) old"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle Vietnamese terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "overripe fruit",
"text": "blái già",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "mature bamboo",
"text": "tle già",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "mature ivory",
"text": "ngà già",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "old silver",
"text": "bạc già",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"overripe, mature"
],
"links": [
[
"overripe",
"overripe"
],
[
"mature",
"mature"
]
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "jà"
}
],
"word": "già"
}
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "trẻ"
}
],
"categories": [
"Vietnamese adjectives",
"Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
"Vietnamese lemmas",
"Vietnamese nouns",
"Vietnamese nouns without classifiers",
"Vietnamese pronouns",
"Vietnamese terms derived from Middle Vietnamese",
"Vietnamese terms derived from Proto-Mon-Khmer",
"Vietnamese terms derived from Proto-Vietic",
"Vietnamese terms inherited from Middle Vietnamese",
"Vietnamese terms inherited from Proto-Mon-Khmer",
"Vietnamese terms inherited from Proto-Vietic",
"Vietnamese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"vi:Age",
"vi:Card games"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "mkh-mvi",
"3": "già"
},
"expansion": "Middle Vietnamese già",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "mkh-vie-pro",
"3": "*k-raː"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Vietic *k-raː",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "mkh-pro",
"3": "*kraʔ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Mon-Khmer *kraʔ",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mkh-pro",
"2": "*(k)rah"
},
"expansion": "*(k)rah",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mtq",
"2": "khà"
},
"expansion": "Muong khà",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tou",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Tho",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bdq",
"2": "kră"
},
"expansion": "Bahnar kră",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "tra"
},
"expansion": "tra",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "*k-r"
},
"expansion": "*k-r",
"name": "IPAfont"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "*k-l"
},
"expansion": "*k-l",
"name": "IPAfont"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "sâu"
},
"expansion": "sâu",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "trâu",
"3": "",
"4": "caterpillar"
},
"expansion": "trâu (“caterpillar”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "sừng"
},
"expansion": "sừng",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "trừng",
"3": "",
"4": "horn"
},
"expansion": "trừng (“horn”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "giòi",
"3": "",
"4": "maggot"
},
"expansion": "giòi (“maggot”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "giữa",
"3": "",
"4": "middle"
},
"expansion": "giữa (“middle”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Vietnamese già, from Proto-Vietic *k-raː, from Proto-Mon-Khmer *kraʔ ~ *(k)rah. Cognate with Muong khà, Tho [Cuối Chăm] kʰraː¹, Bahnar kră. Compare also Nghệ An/Hà Tĩnh dialects tra.\nThe standard written Vietnamese form is irregular (the expected form would be **sa), while the North Central form shows the shift from *k-r to *k-l observable in several other instances: compare sâu and trâu (“caterpillar”), sừng and trừng (“horn”). See giòi (“maggot”), giữa (“middle”) for other instances of mainstream Vietnamese ‹gi› from initial *k-r.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "𦓅",
"tags": [
"CJK"
]
},
{
"form": "𫅷",
"tags": [
"CJK"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "adjective",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"head": "",
"tr": "𦓅, 𫅷"
},
"expansion": "già • (𦓅, 𫅷)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "𦓅, 𫅷"
},
"expansion": "già • (𦓅, 𫅷)",
"name": "vi-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "adj",
"related": [
{
"word": "già cả"
},
{
"word": "già chát"
},
{
"word": "già cỗi"
},
{
"word": "già dặn"
},
{
"word": "già khằn"
},
{
"word": "già khọm"
},
{
"word": "già khú"
},
{
"word": "già khú đế"
},
{
"word": "già néo đứt dây"
},
{
"word": "già nua"
},
{
"word": "cũ"
},
{
"word": "lão"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Vietnamese terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "to make way for the elderly",
"text": "nhường bước người già",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "old chickens have leathery meat",
"text": "gà già thịt dai",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "old tree",
"text": "cây già",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"old; compare cũ (of objects)"
],
"links": [
[
"old",
"old"
],
[
"cũ",
"cũ#Vietnamese"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(of lifeforms) old; compare cũ (of objects)"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of lifeforms"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Vietnamese terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "an old face (ie. with wrinkles)",
"text": "mặt già",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "to search for a woman with an old voice to voice the role of an old woman (ie. someone whose voice sounds like an old person)",
"text": "tìm một chị tiếng già để đóng vai bà lão",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "to worry too much and thus age too soon",
"text": "lo nghĩ nhiều nên già trước tuổi",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"having the characteristics of appearances of an old person although not that old"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Vietnamese terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "veteran teacher",
"text": "thầy già",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "He is my old friend.",
"text": "Cậu ta là bạn già của mình.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "Not even 40 years old but already a Party veteran.",
"text": "Chưa đến bốn mươi nhưng đã già tuổi Đảng.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"veteran, experienced, longtime"
],
"links": [
[
"veteran",
"veteran"
],
[
"experienced",
"experienced"
],
[
"longtime",
"longtime"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Vietnamese terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "cau già ― overripe areca nut",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "overripe gourd",
"text": "bầu già",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"overripe"
],
"links": [
[
"overripe",
"overripe"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Vietnamese terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "too-warm water",
"text": "nước nóng già",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "to scare someone and make them give in",
"text": "dọa già dọa non",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "hydrogen peroxide",
"text": "nước ô-xi già",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"above average, more than normal"
],
"links": [
[
"above average",
"above average"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Vietnamese terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "over by one meter",
"text": "già một thước",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "scoop just over one dou",
"text": "lấy già một đấu",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"slightly excessive, over"
],
"links": [
[
"excessive",
"excessive"
],
[
"over",
"over"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[zaː˨˩]",
"tags": [
"Hà-Nội"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[jaː˦˩]",
"tags": [
"Huế"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[jaː˨˩]",
"tags": [
"Hồ-Chí-Minh-City"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"Central",
"North",
"Vietnam"
],
"word": "tra"
}
],
"word": "già"
}
{
"categories": [
"Vietnamese adjectives",
"Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
"Vietnamese lemmas",
"Vietnamese nouns",
"Vietnamese nouns without classifiers",
"Vietnamese pronouns",
"Vietnamese terms derived from Middle Vietnamese",
"Vietnamese terms derived from Proto-Mon-Khmer",
"Vietnamese terms derived from Proto-Vietic",
"Vietnamese terms inherited from Middle Vietnamese",
"Vietnamese terms inherited from Proto-Mon-Khmer",
"Vietnamese terms inherited from Proto-Vietic",
"Vietnamese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"vi:Age",
"vi:Card games"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "mkh-mvi",
"3": "già"
},
"expansion": "Middle Vietnamese già",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "mkh-vie-pro",
"3": "*k-raː"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Vietic *k-raː",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "mkh-pro",
"3": "*kraʔ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Mon-Khmer *kraʔ",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mkh-pro",
"2": "*(k)rah"
},
"expansion": "*(k)rah",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mtq",
"2": "khà"
},
"expansion": "Muong khà",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tou",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Tho",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bdq",
"2": "kră"
},
"expansion": "Bahnar kră",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "tra"
},
"expansion": "tra",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "*k-r"
},
"expansion": "*k-r",
"name": "IPAfont"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "*k-l"
},
"expansion": "*k-l",
"name": "IPAfont"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "sâu"
},
"expansion": "sâu",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "trâu",
"3": "",
"4": "caterpillar"
},
"expansion": "trâu (“caterpillar”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "sừng"
},
"expansion": "sừng",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "trừng",
"3": "",
"4": "horn"
},
"expansion": "trừng (“horn”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "giòi",
"3": "",
"4": "maggot"
},
"expansion": "giòi (“maggot”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "giữa",
"3": "",
"4": "middle"
},
"expansion": "giữa (“middle”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Vietnamese già, from Proto-Vietic *k-raː, from Proto-Mon-Khmer *kraʔ ~ *(k)rah. Cognate with Muong khà, Tho [Cuối Chăm] kʰraː¹, Bahnar kră. Compare also Nghệ An/Hà Tĩnh dialects tra.\nThe standard written Vietnamese form is irregular (the expected form would be **sa), while the North Central form shows the shift from *k-r to *k-l observable in several other instances: compare sâu and trâu (“caterpillar”), sừng and trừng (“horn”). See giòi (“maggot”), giữa (“middle”) for other instances of mainstream Vietnamese ‹gi› from initial *k-r.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "pronoun",
"head": "",
"tr": ""
},
"expansion": "già",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "già",
"name": "vi-pronoun"
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "pron",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Vietnamese dialectal terms",
"Vietnamese literary terms",
"Vietnamese terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Thank you, elder.",
"text": "Cám ơn già.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"I/me/you, a village/tribe elder or elderly person"
],
"links": [
[
"I",
"I"
],
[
"me",
"me"
],
[
"you",
"you"
],
[
"village",
"village"
],
[
"tribe",
"tribe"
],
[
"elder",
"elder"
],
[
"elderly",
"elderly"
],
[
"person",
"person"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(literary or dialectal) I/me/you, a village/tribe elder or elderly person"
],
"tags": [
"dialectal",
"literary"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[zaː˨˩]",
"tags": [
"Hà-Nội"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[jaː˦˩]",
"tags": [
"Huế"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[jaː˨˩]",
"tags": [
"Hồ-Chí-Minh-City"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"Central",
"North",
"Vietnam"
],
"word": "tra"
}
],
"word": "già"
}
{
"categories": [
"Vietnamese adjectives",
"Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
"Vietnamese lemmas",
"Vietnamese nouns",
"Vietnamese nouns without classifiers",
"Vietnamese pronouns",
"Vietnamese terms derived from Middle Vietnamese",
"Vietnamese terms derived from Proto-Mon-Khmer",
"Vietnamese terms derived from Proto-Vietic",
"Vietnamese terms inherited from Middle Vietnamese",
"Vietnamese terms inherited from Proto-Mon-Khmer",
"Vietnamese terms inherited from Proto-Vietic",
"Vietnamese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"vi:Age",
"vi:Card games"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "mkh-mvi",
"3": "già"
},
"expansion": "Middle Vietnamese già",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "mkh-vie-pro",
"3": "*k-raː"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Vietic *k-raː",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "mkh-pro",
"3": "*kraʔ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Mon-Khmer *kraʔ",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mkh-pro",
"2": "*(k)rah"
},
"expansion": "*(k)rah",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mtq",
"2": "khà"
},
"expansion": "Muong khà",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tou",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Tho",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bdq",
"2": "kră"
},
"expansion": "Bahnar kră",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "tra"
},
"expansion": "tra",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "*k-r"
},
"expansion": "*k-r",
"name": "IPAfont"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "*k-l"
},
"expansion": "*k-l",
"name": "IPAfont"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "sâu"
},
"expansion": "sâu",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "trâu",
"3": "",
"4": "caterpillar"
},
"expansion": "trâu (“caterpillar”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "sừng"
},
"expansion": "sừng",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "trừng",
"3": "",
"4": "horn"
},
"expansion": "trừng (“horn”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "giòi",
"3": "",
"4": "maggot"
},
"expansion": "giòi (“maggot”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "giữa",
"3": "",
"4": "middle"
},
"expansion": "giữa (“middle”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Vietnamese già, from Proto-Vietic *k-raː, from Proto-Mon-Khmer *kraʔ ~ *(k)rah. Cognate with Muong khà, Tho [Cuối Chăm] kʰraː¹, Bahnar kră. Compare also Nghệ An/Hà Tĩnh dialects tra.\nThe standard written Vietnamese form is irregular (the expected form would be **sa), while the North Central form shows the shift from *k-r to *k-l observable in several other instances: compare sâu and trâu (“caterpillar”), sừng and trừng (“horn”). See giòi (“maggot”), giữa (“middle”) for other instances of mainstream Vietnamese ‹gi› from initial *k-r.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"head": "",
"tr": ""
},
"expansion": "già",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "già",
"name": "vi-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "át"
},
{
"word": "xì"
},
{
"word": "heo"
},
{
"word": "hai"
},
{
"word": "ba"
},
{
"word": "bốn"
},
{
"word": "năm"
},
{
"word": "sáu"
},
{
"word": "bảy"
},
{
"word": "tám"
},
{
"word": "chín"
},
{
"word": "mười"
},
{
"word": "bồi"
},
{
"word": "đầm"
},
{
"word": "phăng teo"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Vietnamese familiar terms"
],
"glosses": [
"elder, old person"
],
"links": [
[
"elder",
"elder"
],
[
"person",
"person"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(familiar) elder, old person"
],
"tags": [
"familiar"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"vi:Card games"
],
"glosses": [
"king"
],
"links": [
[
"card game",
"card game"
],
[
"king",
"king"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(card games) king"
],
"topics": [
"card-games",
"games"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[zaː˨˩]",
"tags": [
"Hà-Nội"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[jaː˦˩]",
"tags": [
"Huế"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[jaː˨˩]",
"tags": [
"Hồ-Chí-Minh-City"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"Central",
"North",
"Vietnam"
],
"word": "tra"
}
],
"word": "già"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-30 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (210104c and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.