See fustian on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for fustian meaning in All languages combined (35.4kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "fustianed"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "fustianism"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "fustianist"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "fustianize"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "noun"
},
"expansion": "noun",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "fustian",
"t": "type of fabric, probably made from cotton, flax, or wool; piece of fustian spread over a bed or mattress"
},
"expansion": "Middle English fustian (“type of fabric, probably made from cotton, flax, or wool; piece of fustian spread over a bed or mattress”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fustain, fustiane, fustane, fustayn, fustein, fusten, fustene, fustien, fustion, fustyane, fustyn, fustyon",
"otherforms": "1"
},
"expansion": "[and other forms]",
"name": "nb..."
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "fustaine"
},
"expansion": "Old French fustaine",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "fustaigne"
},
"expansion": "fustaigne",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "futaine"
},
"expansion": "French futaine",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ML.",
"3": "fūstāneum"
},
"expansion": "Medieval Latin fūstāneum",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ML.",
"2": "(pannus) fūstāneus"
},
"expansion": "(pannus) fūstāneus",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ML.",
"2": "(tela) fūstānea"
},
"expansion": "(tela) fūstānea",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "bombast"
},
"expansion": "bombast",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "adjective",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "attributive"
},
"expansion": "attributive",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "fustagno"
},
"expansion": "Italian fustagno",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "oc",
"2": "fustani"
},
"expansion": "Occitan fustani",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "fustão"
},
"expansion": "Portuguese fustão",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "fustan"
},
"expansion": "Spanish fustan",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "The noun is derived from Middle English fustian (“type of fabric, probably made from cotton, flax, or wool; piece of fustian spread over a bed or mattress”) [and other forms], from Old French fustaine, fustaigne (modern French futaine), from Medieval Latin fūstāneum, from (pannus) fūstāneus or (tela) fūstānea, of disputed origin.\nSense 3 (“inflated, pompous, or pretentious speech or writing”) is possibly from the fact that the fabric was sometimes used to make cushion- and pillowcases, thus suggesting that the speech or writing is “padded” or “stuffed”; compare bombast. The relationship between sense 4 (“hot drink made of a mixture of alcoholic beverages with egg yolk, lemon, and spices”) and the fabric is unclear.\nThe adjective is from an attributive use of the noun.\ncognates\n* Italian fustagno\n* Occitan fustani\n* Portuguese fustão\n* Spanish fustan",
"forms": [
{
"form": "fustians",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-",
"2": "s"
},
"expansion": "fustian (usually uncountable, plural fustians)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"hypernyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:fustian",
"word": "talk"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:fustian",
"word": "writing"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"fust‧i‧an"
],
"hyponyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:fustian",
"word": "purple patch"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:fustian",
"word": "nonsense"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "14 26 2 1 10 11 14 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 17 4 1 18 18 19 13",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Fabrics",
"orig": "en:Fabrics",
"parents": [
"Materials",
"Manufacturing",
"Human activity",
"Human behaviour",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1882, James E[dwin] Thorold Rogers, “On the Price of Textile Fabrics and Clothing”, in A History of Agriculture and Prices in England […], volumes IV (1401–1582), Oxford, Oxfordshire: Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 568",
"text": "Fustian, of which I found only one entry before 1401, occurs frequently in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. It appears to have been a ribbed cloth. […] On one occasion (1443) it is described as 'white ribbed fustian.'",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1903, “FUSTIAN”, in Daniel Coit Gilman, Harry Thurston Peck, Frank Moore Colby, editors, The New International Encyclopædia, volume VIII, New York, N.Y.: Dodd, Mead and Company, →OCLC, page 30, column 2",
"text": "The different names given to fustian cloths depend upon their degree of fineness, and the manner in which they are woven and finished. […] In all fustians there is a warp and filling, or weft thread, independent of the additional filling-thread forming the pile; but in corduroys the pile thread is only 'thrown in' where the corded portions are and is absent in the narrow spaces between.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2009, Giorgio Riello, “The Indian Apprenticeship: The Trade of Indian Textiles and the Making of European Cottons”, in Giorgio Riello, Tirthankar Roy, editors, How India Clothed the World: The World of South Asian Textiles, 1500-1850 (Global Economic History Series; 4), Leiden, Boston, Mass.: Brill, →ISSN, part III (Regions of Change: Indian Textiles and European Development), page 334",
"text": "The East India company was pursuing its own financial interests, but in doing so was also fostering the establishment of industries such as calico printing — an industry that would have not achieved the same degree of accomplishment if it had confined itself simply to the printing of European fustians (mixed cottons) and linens, both of which were more difficult to print on than cotton.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Originally, a kind of coarse fabric made from cotton and flax; now, a kind of coarse twilled cotton, or cotton and linen, stuff with a short pile and often dyed a dull colour, which is chiefly prepared for menswear."
],
"id": "en-fustian-en-noun-qVVNPCNp",
"links": [
[
"kind",
"kind#Noun"
],
[
"coarse",
"coarse"
],
[
"fabric",
"fabric"
],
[
"made",
"make#Verb"
],
[
"cotton",
"cotton#Noun"
],
[
"flax",
"flax"
],
[
"twilled",
"twilled#Adjective"
],
[
"linen",
"linen#Noun"
],
[
"stuff",
"stuff#Noun"
],
[
"short",
"short#Adjective"
],
[
"pile",
"pile#Noun"
],
[
"dyed",
"dye#Verb"
],
[
"dull",
"dull#Adjective"
],
[
"colour",
"colour#Noun"
],
[
"chiefly",
"chiefly"
],
[
"prepare",
"prepare"
],
[
"menswear",
"menswear"
]
],
"tags": [
"uncountable",
"usually"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "76 13 4 7",
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"sense": "kind of coarse fabric made from cotton and flax; kind of coarse twilled cotton, or cotton and linen, stuff often dyed a drab colour",
"word": "فسطاطي"
},
{
"_dis1": "76 13 4 7",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "barhet",
"sense": "kind of coarse fabric made from cotton and flax; kind of coarse twilled cotton, or cotton and linen, stuff often dyed a drab colour",
"word": "бархет"
},
{
"_dis1": "76 13 4 7",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "kind of coarse fabric made from cotton and flax; kind of coarse twilled cotton, or cotton and linen, stuff often dyed a drab colour",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "fustany"
},
{
"_dis1": "76 13 4 7",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "kind of coarse fabric made from cotton and flax; kind of coarse twilled cotton, or cotton and linen, stuff often dyed a drab colour",
"word": "麻紗布"
},
{
"_dis1": "76 13 4 7",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "máshābù",
"sense": "kind of coarse fabric made from cotton and flax; kind of coarse twilled cotton, or cotton and linen, stuff often dyed a drab colour",
"word": "麻纱布"
},
{
"_dis1": "76 13 4 7",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "kind of coarse fabric made from cotton and flax; kind of coarse twilled cotton, or cotton and linen, stuff often dyed a drab colour",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "barchet"
},
{
"_dis1": "76 13 4 7",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "kind of coarse fabric made from cotton and flax; kind of coarse twilled cotton, or cotton and linen, stuff often dyed a drab colour",
"word": "barchent"
},
{
"_dis1": "76 13 4 7",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "kind of coarse fabric made from cotton and flax; kind of coarse twilled cotton, or cotton and linen, stuff often dyed a drab colour",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "fustein"
},
{
"_dis1": "76 13 4 7",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "kind of coarse fabric made from cotton and flax; kind of coarse twilled cotton, or cotton and linen, stuff often dyed a drab colour",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "fustijn"
},
{
"_dis1": "76 13 4 7",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "kind of coarse fabric made from cotton and flax; kind of coarse twilled cotton, or cotton and linen, stuff often dyed a drab colour",
"word": "fusteno"
},
{
"_dis1": "76 13 4 7",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "kind of coarse fabric made from cotton and flax; kind of coarse twilled cotton, or cotton and linen, stuff often dyed a drab colour",
"word": "bombazino"
},
{
"_dis1": "76 13 4 7",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "kind of coarse fabric made from cotton and flax; kind of coarse twilled cotton, or cotton and linen, stuff often dyed a drab colour",
"word": "parkkumi"
},
{
"_dis1": "76 13 4 7",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "kind of coarse fabric made from cotton and flax; kind of coarse twilled cotton, or cotton and linen, stuff often dyed a drab colour",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "futaine"
},
{
"_dis1": "76 13 4 7",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "kind of coarse fabric made from cotton and flax; kind of coarse twilled cotton, or cotton and linen, stuff often dyed a drab colour",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Barchent"
},
{
"_dis1": "76 13 4 7",
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "kind of coarse fabric made from cotton and flax; kind of coarse twilled cotton, or cotton and linen, stuff often dyed a drab colour",
"word": "fusteno"
},
{
"_dis1": "76 13 4 7",
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "kind of coarse fabric made from cotton and flax; kind of coarse twilled cotton, or cotton and linen, stuff often dyed a drab colour",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "fustagno"
},
{
"_dis1": "76 13 4 7",
"alt": "ファスチャンおり",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "fasuchan ori",
"sense": "kind of coarse fabric made from cotton and flax; kind of coarse twilled cotton, or cotton and linen, stuff often dyed a drab colour",
"word": "ファスチャン織り"
},
{
"_dis1": "76 13 4 7",
"code": "lb",
"lang": "Luxembourgish",
"sense": "kind of coarse fabric made from cotton and flax; kind of coarse twilled cotton, or cotton and linen, stuff often dyed a drab colour",
"word": "Fitteng"
},
{
"_dis1": "76 13 4 7",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"sense": "kind of coarse fabric made from cotton and flax; kind of coarse twilled cotton, or cotton and linen, stuff often dyed a drab colour",
"word": "متقال"
},
{
"_dis1": "76 13 4 7",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "kind of coarse fabric made from cotton and flax; kind of coarse twilled cotton, or cotton and linen, stuff often dyed a drab colour",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "barchan"
},
{
"_dis1": "76 13 4 7",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "kind of coarse fabric made from cotton and flax; kind of coarse twilled cotton, or cotton and linen, stuff often dyed a drab colour",
"word": "fustão"
},
{
"_dis1": "76 13 4 7",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "bumazéja",
"sense": "kind of coarse fabric made from cotton and flax; kind of coarse twilled cotton, or cotton and linen, stuff often dyed a drab colour",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "бумазе́я"
},
{
"_dis1": "76 13 4 7",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "flanélʹ",
"sense": "kind of coarse fabric made from cotton and flax; kind of coarse twilled cotton, or cotton and linen, stuff often dyed a drab colour",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "флане́ль"
},
{
"_dis1": "76 13 4 7",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "kind of coarse fabric made from cotton and flax; kind of coarse twilled cotton, or cotton and linen, stuff often dyed a drab colour",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "порхет"
},
{
"_dis1": "76 13 4 7",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "kind of coarse fabric made from cotton and flax; kind of coarse twilled cotton, or cotton and linen, stuff often dyed a drab colour",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "fustán"
},
{
"_dis1": "76 13 4 7",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "kind of coarse fabric made from cotton and flax; kind of coarse twilled cotton, or cotton and linen, stuff often dyed a drab colour",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "fustal"
},
{
"_dis1": "76 13 4 7",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "kind of coarse fabric made from cotton and flax; kind of coarse twilled cotton, or cotton and linen, stuff often dyed a drab colour",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "fustaño"
},
{
"_dis1": "76 13 4 7",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "kind of coarse fabric made from cotton and flax; kind of coarse twilled cotton, or cotton and linen, stuff often dyed a drab colour",
"word": "fistan"
},
{
"_dis1": "76 13 4 7",
"code": "wym",
"lang": "Vilamovian",
"sense": "kind of coarse fabric made from cotton and flax; kind of coarse twilled cotton, or cotton and linen, stuff often dyed a drab colour",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "barhet"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "14 26 2 1 10 11 14 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 17 4 1 18 18 19 13",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Fabrics",
"orig": "en:Fabrics",
"parents": [
"Materials",
"Manufacturing",
"Human activity",
"Human behaviour",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1855, T[homas] Webster, Mrs. [William] Parkes, “Book XVII. On the Various Textile Fabrics for Clothing and Furniture.”, in D[avid] M[eredith] Reese, editor, An Encyclopædia of Domestic Economy: […], New York, N.Y.: Harper & Brothers, […], →OCLC, chapter IV (Cotton Fabrics for Dress and Furniture), section VIII (Description of the Various Cotton Fabrics), paragraph 5665, page 962",
"text": "Fustian is a species of coarse twilled cotton, but may be considered as a general term which comprehends several varieties of cotton fabrics, as corduroy, jean, velveret, velveteen, thickset, thickset cord, and other stout cloths for men's wearing apparel; from their strength and cheapness, they are very serviceable to agricultural people. It is generally dyed of an olive, leaden, or other colours. […] Fustians are either plain or twilled.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1986 fall (June), Richard Henning Field, “Lunenberg-German Household Textiles: The Evidence from Lunenburg County Estate Inventories, 1780–1830”, in Material History Bulletin = Bulletin d’histoire de la Culture Matérielle, volume 24, Hull, Que.: Canadian Museum of Civilization; Ottawa, Ont.: National Museum of Science and Technology, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2022-04-07, page 18, column 2",
"text": "Fustian originally referred to a large variety of textiles of linen-and-cotton blend; later it came to mean all-cotton textiles. Common varieties of the fancy fustians are corduroy, jean, pillow, thickset, velveret and velveteen.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2007, Susan M. Ouellette, “Flax from the Field, Cotton from the Sea”, in US Textile Production in Historical Perspective: A Case Study from Massachusetts (Studies in American Popular History and Culture), New York, N.Y., Abingdon, Oxfordshire: Routledge, pages 34–35",
"text": "Fustians, a large group of general-purpose fabrics were mainly woven with a tight heavy texture. Sometimes they were plainly woven, but fustians could also be fashioned with “tufts” creating fabric like corduroy or velveteen. Fustians were used for anything from draperies to dresses or upholstery to men’s waistcoats.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2008, Steve Haywood, chapter 9, in Narrowboat Dreams: A Journey North by England’s Waterways, Chichester, West Sussex: Summersdale Publishers, page 103",
"text": "In the nineteenth century fustian cutting was a major occupation right across the North West and thousands of people in the cotton towns were employed at it. Sometimes the work was done at tables but more often than not the cloth was stretched across rollers and they'd walk up and down all day, slicing through the threads of the weave row by row, using tiny blades fashioned from watch springs and honed until they were as sharp as razorblades. Cutting even a basic fustian, they could walk ten or eleven miles over the length of a shift. With more sophisticated fustians – fabrics like velveteen, for instance – you had to walk further, much further.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A class of fabric including corduroy and velveteen."
],
"hyponyms": [
{
"_dis1": "30 58 7 5",
"sense": "class of fabric",
"word": "beaverteen"
}
],
"id": "en-fustian-en-noun-TmSHlgb6",
"links": [
[
"class",
"class#Noun"
],
[
"corduroy",
"corduroy#Noun"
],
[
"velveteen",
"velveteen"
]
],
"tags": [
"uncountable",
"usually"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "24 20 3 1 8 10 16 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 26 2 1 10 11 14 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 17 4 1 18 18 19 13",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Fabrics",
"orig": "en:Fabrics",
"parents": [
"Materials",
"Manufacturing",
"Human activity",
"Human behaviour",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1923, Ambroise Vollard, “Cézanne Aspires to the Salon of Bouguereau (1866–1895)”, in Harold L. Van Doren, transl., Paul Cézanne: His Life and Art […], New York, N.Y.: Nicholas L. Brown, →OCLC, page 49",
"text": "What made [Édouard] Manet a veritable prophet in his day, was that he brought a simple formula to a period in which the official art was merely fustian and conventionality.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2014 March 1, Rupert Christiansen, “English translations rarely sing”, in The Daily Telegraph (Review), London: Telegraph Media Group, →ISSN, →OCLC, page R19",
"text": "Anything grandiose or historically based tends to sound flat and banal when it reaches English, partly because translators get stuck between contradictory imperatives: juggling fidelity to the original sense with what is vocally viable, they tend to resort to a genteel fustian which lacks either poetic resonance or demotic realism, adding to a sense of artificiality rather than enhancing credibility.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Inflated, pompous, or pretentious speech or writing; bombast; also (archaic), incoherent or unintelligible speech or writing; gibberish, nonsense."
],
"id": "en-fustian-en-noun-1r7v7osC",
"links": [
[
"Inflated",
"inflated#Adjective"
],
[
"pompous",
"pompous"
],
[
"pretentious",
"pretentious"
],
[
"speech",
"speech#Noun"
],
[
"writing",
"writing#Noun"
],
[
"bombast",
"bombast#Noun"
],
[
"incoherent",
"incoherent"
],
[
"unintelligible",
"unintelligible"
],
[
"gibberish",
"gibberish"
],
[
"nonsense",
"nonsense"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figuratively) Inflated, pompous, or pretentious speech or writing; bombast; also (archaic), incoherent or unintelligible speech or writing; gibberish, nonsense."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "aureation"
},
{
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "bombard phrase"
},
{
"word": "grandiloquence"
},
{
"word": "magniloquence"
},
{
"word": "purple prose"
}
],
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"uncountable",
"usually"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Alcoholic beverages",
"orig": "en:Alcoholic beverages",
"parents": [
"Beverages",
"Recreational drugs",
"Drinking",
"Food and drink",
"Liquids",
"Drugs",
"Human behaviour",
"All topics",
"Matter",
"Pharmacology",
"Human",
"Fundamental",
"Chemistry",
"Nature",
"Biochemistry",
"Medicine",
"Sciences",
"Biology"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "24 20 3 1 8 10 16 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 26 2 1 10 11 14 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 17 4 1 18 18 19 13",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Fabrics",
"orig": "en:Fabrics",
"parents": [
"Materials",
"Manufacturing",
"Human activity",
"Human behaviour",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "[1827, [Richard Cook], “RUMFUSTIAN”, in Oxford Night Caps. Being a Collection of Receipts for Making Various Beverages Used in the University, Oxford, Oxfordshire, London: […] Henry Slatter; and Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, and Green, […], →OCLC, page 24",
"text": "RUMFUSTIAN. The yolks of twelve eggs, one quart of strong beer, one bottle of white wine, half a pint of gin, a grated nutmeg, the juice from the peeling of a lemon, a small quantity of cinnamon, and sufficient sugar to sweeten it;[…]]",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1832, William Hone, “January 9”, in The Year Book of Daily Recreation and Information, […], London: […] [J. Haddon] for Thomas Tegg, […], →OCLC, column 62",
"text": "Rum Fustian is a \"night-cap\" made precisely in the same way as the preceding [egg-posset or egg-flip], with the yolks of twelve eggs, a quart of strong home-brewed beer, a bottle of white wine, half-a-pint of gin, a grated nutmeg, the juice from the peel of a lemon, a small quantity of cinnamon, and sugar sufficient to sweeten it.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1853, [Robert F. Riddell], “Drinks, Liqueurs, etc.”, in Indian Domestic Economy and Receipt Book; […], 4th edition, Madras: […] D. P. L. C. Connor, at the Christian Knowledge Society’s Press, […], →OCLC, page 350",
"text": "Rum fustian [i]s prepared at Oxford as follows: whisk up to a froth the yolks of six eggs and add them to a pint of gin and a quart of strong beer; boil up a bottle of sherry in a sauce-pan, with a stick of cinnamon or nutmeg grated, a dozen large lumps of sugar, and the rind of a lemon peeled very thin; when the wine boils, it is poured upon the beer and gin and drank hot.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Chiefly in rum fustian: a hot drink made of a mixture of alcoholic beverages (as beer, gin, and sherry or white wine) with egg yolk, lemon, and spices."
],
"id": "en-fustian-en-noun-wYpHRg~r",
"links": [
[
"alcoholic",
"alcoholic#Adjective"
],
[
"beverage",
"beverage"
],
[
"hot",
"hot#Adjective"
],
[
"drink",
"drink#Noun"
],
[
"mixture",
"mixture"
],
[
"beer",
"beer"
],
[
"gin",
"gin#Noun"
],
[
"sherry",
"sherry"
],
[
"white wine",
"white wine"
],
[
"egg yolk",
"egg yolk"
],
[
"lemon",
"lemon#Noun"
],
[
"spices",
"spice#Noun"
]
],
"qualifier": "alcoholic beverages",
"raw_glosses": [
"(alcoholic beverages, archaic) Chiefly in rum fustian: a hot drink made of a mixture of alcoholic beverages (as beer, gin, and sherry or white wine) with egg yolk, lemon, and spices."
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"uncountable",
"usually"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈfʌs.tɪ.ən/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈfʌs.tʃən/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈfʌs.t͡ʃən/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-fustian.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b8/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-fustian.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-fustian.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b8/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-fustian.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-fustian.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
},
{
"audio": "En-us-fustian.oga",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/09/En-us-fustian.oga/En-us-fustian.oga.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/09/En-us-fustian.oga",
"tags": [
"General-American"
],
"text": "Audio (GA)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:fustian",
"word": "aureation"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:fustian",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "bombard phrase"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:fustian",
"tags": [
"figuratively"
],
"word": "bombast"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:fustian",
"word": "fustian"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:fustian",
"word": "grandiloquence"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:fustian",
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"word": "highfalutin"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:fustian",
"word": "magniloquence"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"source": "Thesaurus:fustian",
"tags": [
"idiomatic"
],
"word": "purple prose"
}
],
"word": "fustian"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "noun"
},
"expansion": "noun",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "fustian",
"t": "type of fabric, probably made from cotton, flax, or wool; piece of fustian spread over a bed or mattress"
},
"expansion": "Middle English fustian (“type of fabric, probably made from cotton, flax, or wool; piece of fustian spread over a bed or mattress”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fustain, fustiane, fustane, fustayn, fustein, fusten, fustene, fustien, fustion, fustyane, fustyn, fustyon",
"otherforms": "1"
},
"expansion": "[and other forms]",
"name": "nb..."
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "fustaine"
},
"expansion": "Old French fustaine",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "fustaigne"
},
"expansion": "fustaigne",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "futaine"
},
"expansion": "French futaine",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ML.",
"3": "fūstāneum"
},
"expansion": "Medieval Latin fūstāneum",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ML.",
"2": "(pannus) fūstāneus"
},
"expansion": "(pannus) fūstāneus",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ML.",
"2": "(tela) fūstānea"
},
"expansion": "(tela) fūstānea",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "bombast"
},
"expansion": "bombast",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "adjective",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "attributive"
},
"expansion": "attributive",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "fustagno"
},
"expansion": "Italian fustagno",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "oc",
"2": "fustani"
},
"expansion": "Occitan fustani",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "fustão"
},
"expansion": "Portuguese fustão",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "fustan"
},
"expansion": "Spanish fustan",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "The noun is derived from Middle English fustian (“type of fabric, probably made from cotton, flax, or wool; piece of fustian spread over a bed or mattress”) [and other forms], from Old French fustaine, fustaigne (modern French futaine), from Medieval Latin fūstāneum, from (pannus) fūstāneus or (tela) fūstānea, of disputed origin.\nSense 3 (“inflated, pompous, or pretentious speech or writing”) is possibly from the fact that the fabric was sometimes used to make cushion- and pillowcases, thus suggesting that the speech or writing is “padded” or “stuffed”; compare bombast. The relationship between sense 4 (“hot drink made of a mixture of alcoholic beverages with egg yolk, lemon, and spices”) and the fabric is unclear.\nThe adjective is from an attributive use of the noun.\ncognates\n* Italian fustagno\n* Occitan fustani\n* Portuguese fustão\n* Spanish fustan",
"forms": [
{
"form": "more fustian",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "most fustian",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "fustian (comparative more fustian, superlative most fustian)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"fust‧i‧an"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "24 20 3 1 8 10 16 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 26 2 1 10 11 14 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 17 4 1 18 18 19 13",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Fabrics",
"orig": "en:Fabrics",
"parents": [
"Materials",
"Manufacturing",
"Human activity",
"Human behaviour",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1972, Edna O’Brien, Night, revised edition, New York, N.Y.: Farrar Straus Giroux, published 1987, page 103",
"text": "Her husband was trying to calm her down, assuage her, and in the end what she did was to put a handkerchief over her face and secure it with the brim of a fustian hat.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Made out of fustian (noun sense 1)."
],
"id": "en-fustian-en-adj-nInknMSC",
"links": [
[
"Made",
"make#Verb"
],
[
"fustian",
"fustian#Noun"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "91 7 2 0",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "made out of fustian",
"word": "barchanowy"
}
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "concise"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "24 20 3 1 8 10 16 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 26 2 1 10 11 14 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 24 1 0 9 8 16 16 10 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 24 1 0 11 8 16 16 8 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 41 10 4 3 5 23 10",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Communication",
"orig": "en:Communication",
"parents": [
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 17 4 1 18 18 19 13",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Fabrics",
"orig": "en:Fabrics",
"parents": [
"Materials",
"Manufacturing",
"Human activity",
"Human behaviour",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Of a person, or their speech or writing: using inflated, pompous, or pretentious language; bombastic; grandiloquent; also (obsolete) using incoherent or unintelligible language."
],
"id": "en-fustian-en-adj-Xzh2onHu",
"links": [
[
"person",
"person#Noun"
],
[
"speech",
"speech#Noun"
],
[
"writing",
"writing#Noun"
],
[
"using",
"use#Verb"
],
[
"inflated",
"inflated#Adjective"
],
[
"pompous",
"pompous"
],
[
"pretentious",
"pretentious"
],
[
"language",
"language"
],
[
"bombastic",
"bombastic"
],
[
"grandiloquent",
"grandiloquent"
],
[
"incoherent",
"incoherent"
],
[
"unintelligible",
"unintelligible"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "verbose"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"Imaginary; invented."
],
"id": "en-fustian-en-adj-VktilK4B",
"links": [
[
"Imaginary",
"imaginary"
],
[
"invented",
"invented#Adjective"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete)",
"Imaginary; invented."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"Useless; worthless."
],
"id": "en-fustian-en-adj-bwvD6ABf",
"links": [
[
"Useless",
"useless"
],
[
"worthless",
"worthless"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete)",
"Useless; worthless."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈfʌs.tɪ.ən/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈfʌs.tʃən/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈfʌs.t͡ʃən/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-fustian.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b8/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-fustian.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-fustian.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b8/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-fustian.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-fustian.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
},
{
"audio": "En-us-fustian.oga",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/09/En-us-fustian.oga/En-us-fustian.oga.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/09/En-us-fustian.oga",
"tags": [
"General-American"
],
"text": "Audio (GA)"
}
],
"word": "fustian"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fustian"
},
"expansion": "English: fustian",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: fustian"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "foustie",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Scots: foustie",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Scots: foustie"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "loanword",
"2": "Borrowed"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "fro",
"3": "fustaine",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old French fustaine",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "fro",
"3": "fustaine"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Old French fustaine",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ML.",
"3": "fūstāneum"
},
"expansion": "Medieval Latin fūstāneum",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Old French fustaine, from Medieval Latin fūstāneum.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "nouns",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "fustian",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "fustian (uncountable)",
"name": "enm-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "52 48",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Bedding",
"orig": "enm:Bedding",
"parents": [
"Home",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "91 9",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Fabrics",
"orig": "enm:Fabrics",
"parents": [
"Materials",
"Manufacturing",
"Human activity",
"Human behaviour",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A cloth made of cotton, flax or wool, being the ancestor of modern fustian."
],
"id": "en-fustian-enm-noun-pIq0uOr~",
"links": [
[
"cloth",
"cloth"
],
[
"cotton",
"cotton"
],
[
"flax",
"flax"
],
[
"wool",
"wool"
],
[
"fustian",
"fustian#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "52 48",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Bedding",
"orig": "enm:Bedding",
"parents": [
"Home",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A piece of such cloth used as a bedspread."
],
"id": "en-fustian-enm-noun-DEUXqWb6",
"links": [
[
"piece",
"piece"
],
[
"cloth",
"cloth"
],
[
"bedspread",
"bedspread"
]
],
"tags": [
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/fusˈtɛi̯n/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈfustin/"
},
{
"ipa": "/fustiˈaːn/",
"note": "pseudo-learned"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈfustjan/",
"note": "pseudo-learned"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "ffustean"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "ffusteyn"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "fostyon"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "fusten"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "fusteyn"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "fustyan"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "fustyane"
}
],
"word": "fustian"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 2-syllable words",
"English 3-syllable words",
"English adjectives",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Medieval Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English uncountable nouns",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English nouns",
"Middle English terms borrowed from Old French",
"Middle English terms derived from Medieval Latin",
"Middle English terms derived from Old French",
"Middle English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Middle English uncountable nouns",
"Requests for review of Russian translations",
"en:Communication",
"en:Fabrics",
"enm:Bedding",
"enm:Fabrics"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "fustianed"
},
{
"word": "fustianism"
},
{
"word": "fustianist"
},
{
"word": "fustianize"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "noun"
},
"expansion": "noun",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "fustian",
"t": "type of fabric, probably made from cotton, flax, or wool; piece of fustian spread over a bed or mattress"
},
"expansion": "Middle English fustian (“type of fabric, probably made from cotton, flax, or wool; piece of fustian spread over a bed or mattress”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fustain, fustiane, fustane, fustayn, fustein, fusten, fustene, fustien, fustion, fustyane, fustyn, fustyon",
"otherforms": "1"
},
"expansion": "[and other forms]",
"name": "nb..."
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "fustaine"
},
"expansion": "Old French fustaine",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "fustaigne"
},
"expansion": "fustaigne",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "futaine"
},
"expansion": "French futaine",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ML.",
"3": "fūstāneum"
},
"expansion": "Medieval Latin fūstāneum",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ML.",
"2": "(pannus) fūstāneus"
},
"expansion": "(pannus) fūstāneus",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ML.",
"2": "(tela) fūstānea"
},
"expansion": "(tela) fūstānea",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "bombast"
},
"expansion": "bombast",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "adjective",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "attributive"
},
"expansion": "attributive",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "fustagno"
},
"expansion": "Italian fustagno",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "oc",
"2": "fustani"
},
"expansion": "Occitan fustani",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "fustão"
},
"expansion": "Portuguese fustão",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "fustan"
},
"expansion": "Spanish fustan",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "The noun is derived from Middle English fustian (“type of fabric, probably made from cotton, flax, or wool; piece of fustian spread over a bed or mattress”) [and other forms], from Old French fustaine, fustaigne (modern French futaine), from Medieval Latin fūstāneum, from (pannus) fūstāneus or (tela) fūstānea, of disputed origin.\nSense 3 (“inflated, pompous, or pretentious speech or writing”) is possibly from the fact that the fabric was sometimes used to make cushion- and pillowcases, thus suggesting that the speech or writing is “padded” or “stuffed”; compare bombast. The relationship between sense 4 (“hot drink made of a mixture of alcoholic beverages with egg yolk, lemon, and spices”) and the fabric is unclear.\nThe adjective is from an attributive use of the noun.\ncognates\n* Italian fustagno\n* Occitan fustani\n* Portuguese fustão\n* Spanish fustan",
"forms": [
{
"form": "fustians",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-",
"2": "s"
},
"expansion": "fustian (usually uncountable, plural fustians)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"hypernyms": [
{
"source": "Thesaurus:fustian",
"word": "talk"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:fustian",
"word": "writing"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"fust‧i‧an"
],
"hyponyms": [
{
"sense": "class of fabric",
"word": "beaverteen"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:fustian",
"word": "purple patch"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"source": "Thesaurus:fustian",
"word": "nonsense"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1882, James E[dwin] Thorold Rogers, “On the Price of Textile Fabrics and Clothing”, in A History of Agriculture and Prices in England […], volumes IV (1401–1582), Oxford, Oxfordshire: Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 568",
"text": "Fustian, of which I found only one entry before 1401, occurs frequently in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. It appears to have been a ribbed cloth. […] On one occasion (1443) it is described as 'white ribbed fustian.'",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1903, “FUSTIAN”, in Daniel Coit Gilman, Harry Thurston Peck, Frank Moore Colby, editors, The New International Encyclopædia, volume VIII, New York, N.Y.: Dodd, Mead and Company, →OCLC, page 30, column 2",
"text": "The different names given to fustian cloths depend upon their degree of fineness, and the manner in which they are woven and finished. […] In all fustians there is a warp and filling, or weft thread, independent of the additional filling-thread forming the pile; but in corduroys the pile thread is only 'thrown in' where the corded portions are and is absent in the narrow spaces between.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2009, Giorgio Riello, “The Indian Apprenticeship: The Trade of Indian Textiles and the Making of European Cottons”, in Giorgio Riello, Tirthankar Roy, editors, How India Clothed the World: The World of South Asian Textiles, 1500-1850 (Global Economic History Series; 4), Leiden, Boston, Mass.: Brill, →ISSN, part III (Regions of Change: Indian Textiles and European Development), page 334",
"text": "The East India company was pursuing its own financial interests, but in doing so was also fostering the establishment of industries such as calico printing — an industry that would have not achieved the same degree of accomplishment if it had confined itself simply to the printing of European fustians (mixed cottons) and linens, both of which were more difficult to print on than cotton.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Originally, a kind of coarse fabric made from cotton and flax; now, a kind of coarse twilled cotton, or cotton and linen, stuff with a short pile and often dyed a dull colour, which is chiefly prepared for menswear."
],
"links": [
[
"kind",
"kind#Noun"
],
[
"coarse",
"coarse"
],
[
"fabric",
"fabric"
],
[
"made",
"make#Verb"
],
[
"cotton",
"cotton#Noun"
],
[
"flax",
"flax"
],
[
"twilled",
"twilled#Adjective"
],
[
"linen",
"linen#Noun"
],
[
"stuff",
"stuff#Noun"
],
[
"short",
"short#Adjective"
],
[
"pile",
"pile#Noun"
],
[
"dyed",
"dye#Verb"
],
[
"dull",
"dull#Adjective"
],
[
"colour",
"colour#Noun"
],
[
"chiefly",
"chiefly"
],
[
"prepare",
"prepare"
],
[
"menswear",
"menswear"
]
],
"tags": [
"uncountable",
"usually"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1855, T[homas] Webster, Mrs. [William] Parkes, “Book XVII. On the Various Textile Fabrics for Clothing and Furniture.”, in D[avid] M[eredith] Reese, editor, An Encyclopædia of Domestic Economy: […], New York, N.Y.: Harper & Brothers, […], →OCLC, chapter IV (Cotton Fabrics for Dress and Furniture), section VIII (Description of the Various Cotton Fabrics), paragraph 5665, page 962",
"text": "Fustian is a species of coarse twilled cotton, but may be considered as a general term which comprehends several varieties of cotton fabrics, as corduroy, jean, velveret, velveteen, thickset, thickset cord, and other stout cloths for men's wearing apparel; from their strength and cheapness, they are very serviceable to agricultural people. It is generally dyed of an olive, leaden, or other colours. […] Fustians are either plain or twilled.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1986 fall (June), Richard Henning Field, “Lunenberg-German Household Textiles: The Evidence from Lunenburg County Estate Inventories, 1780–1830”, in Material History Bulletin = Bulletin d’histoire de la Culture Matérielle, volume 24, Hull, Que.: Canadian Museum of Civilization; Ottawa, Ont.: National Museum of Science and Technology, →ISSN, →OCLC, archived from the original on 2022-04-07, page 18, column 2",
"text": "Fustian originally referred to a large variety of textiles of linen-and-cotton blend; later it came to mean all-cotton textiles. Common varieties of the fancy fustians are corduroy, jean, pillow, thickset, velveret and velveteen.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2007, Susan M. Ouellette, “Flax from the Field, Cotton from the Sea”, in US Textile Production in Historical Perspective: A Case Study from Massachusetts (Studies in American Popular History and Culture), New York, N.Y., Abingdon, Oxfordshire: Routledge, pages 34–35",
"text": "Fustians, a large group of general-purpose fabrics were mainly woven with a tight heavy texture. Sometimes they were plainly woven, but fustians could also be fashioned with “tufts” creating fabric like corduroy or velveteen. Fustians were used for anything from draperies to dresses or upholstery to men’s waistcoats.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2008, Steve Haywood, chapter 9, in Narrowboat Dreams: A Journey North by England’s Waterways, Chichester, West Sussex: Summersdale Publishers, page 103",
"text": "In the nineteenth century fustian cutting was a major occupation right across the North West and thousands of people in the cotton towns were employed at it. Sometimes the work was done at tables but more often than not the cloth was stretched across rollers and they'd walk up and down all day, slicing through the threads of the weave row by row, using tiny blades fashioned from watch springs and honed until they were as sharp as razorblades. Cutting even a basic fustian, they could walk ten or eleven miles over the length of a shift. With more sophisticated fustians – fabrics like velveteen, for instance – you had to walk further, much further.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A class of fabric including corduroy and velveteen."
],
"links": [
[
"class",
"class#Noun"
],
[
"corduroy",
"corduroy#Noun"
],
[
"velveteen",
"velveteen"
]
],
"tags": [
"uncountable",
"usually"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with archaic senses",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1923, Ambroise Vollard, “Cézanne Aspires to the Salon of Bouguereau (1866–1895)”, in Harold L. Van Doren, transl., Paul Cézanne: His Life and Art […], New York, N.Y.: Nicholas L. Brown, →OCLC, page 49",
"text": "What made [Édouard] Manet a veritable prophet in his day, was that he brought a simple formula to a period in which the official art was merely fustian and conventionality.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2014 March 1, Rupert Christiansen, “English translations rarely sing”, in The Daily Telegraph (Review), London: Telegraph Media Group, →ISSN, →OCLC, page R19",
"text": "Anything grandiose or historically based tends to sound flat and banal when it reaches English, partly because translators get stuck between contradictory imperatives: juggling fidelity to the original sense with what is vocally viable, they tend to resort to a genteel fustian which lacks either poetic resonance or demotic realism, adding to a sense of artificiality rather than enhancing credibility.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Inflated, pompous, or pretentious speech or writing; bombast; also (archaic), incoherent or unintelligible speech or writing; gibberish, nonsense."
],
"links": [
[
"Inflated",
"inflated#Adjective"
],
[
"pompous",
"pompous"
],
[
"pretentious",
"pretentious"
],
[
"speech",
"speech#Noun"
],
[
"writing",
"writing#Noun"
],
[
"bombast",
"bombast#Noun"
],
[
"incoherent",
"incoherent"
],
[
"unintelligible",
"unintelligible"
],
[
"gibberish",
"gibberish"
],
[
"nonsense",
"nonsense"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figuratively) Inflated, pompous, or pretentious speech or writing; bombast; also (archaic), incoherent or unintelligible speech or writing; gibberish, nonsense."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "aureation"
},
{
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "bombard phrase"
},
{
"word": "grandiloquence"
},
{
"word": "magniloquence"
},
{
"word": "purple prose"
}
],
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"uncountable",
"usually"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with archaic senses",
"English terms with quotations",
"en:Alcoholic beverages"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "[1827, [Richard Cook], “RUMFUSTIAN”, in Oxford Night Caps. Being a Collection of Receipts for Making Various Beverages Used in the University, Oxford, Oxfordshire, London: […] Henry Slatter; and Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, and Green, […], →OCLC, page 24",
"text": "RUMFUSTIAN. The yolks of twelve eggs, one quart of strong beer, one bottle of white wine, half a pint of gin, a grated nutmeg, the juice from the peeling of a lemon, a small quantity of cinnamon, and sufficient sugar to sweeten it;[…]]",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1832, William Hone, “January 9”, in The Year Book of Daily Recreation and Information, […], London: […] [J. Haddon] for Thomas Tegg, […], →OCLC, column 62",
"text": "Rum Fustian is a \"night-cap\" made precisely in the same way as the preceding [egg-posset or egg-flip], with the yolks of twelve eggs, a quart of strong home-brewed beer, a bottle of white wine, half-a-pint of gin, a grated nutmeg, the juice from the peel of a lemon, a small quantity of cinnamon, and sugar sufficient to sweeten it.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1853, [Robert F. Riddell], “Drinks, Liqueurs, etc.”, in Indian Domestic Economy and Receipt Book; […], 4th edition, Madras: […] D. P. L. C. Connor, at the Christian Knowledge Society’s Press, […], →OCLC, page 350",
"text": "Rum fustian [i]s prepared at Oxford as follows: whisk up to a froth the yolks of six eggs and add them to a pint of gin and a quart of strong beer; boil up a bottle of sherry in a sauce-pan, with a stick of cinnamon or nutmeg grated, a dozen large lumps of sugar, and the rind of a lemon peeled very thin; when the wine boils, it is poured upon the beer and gin and drank hot.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Chiefly in rum fustian: a hot drink made of a mixture of alcoholic beverages (as beer, gin, and sherry or white wine) with egg yolk, lemon, and spices."
],
"links": [
[
"alcoholic",
"alcoholic#Adjective"
],
[
"beverage",
"beverage"
],
[
"hot",
"hot#Adjective"
],
[
"drink",
"drink#Noun"
],
[
"mixture",
"mixture"
],
[
"beer",
"beer"
],
[
"gin",
"gin#Noun"
],
[
"sherry",
"sherry"
],
[
"white wine",
"white wine"
],
[
"egg yolk",
"egg yolk"
],
[
"lemon",
"lemon#Noun"
],
[
"spices",
"spice#Noun"
]
],
"qualifier": "alcoholic beverages",
"raw_glosses": [
"(alcoholic beverages, archaic) Chiefly in rum fustian: a hot drink made of a mixture of alcoholic beverages (as beer, gin, and sherry or white wine) with egg yolk, lemon, and spices."
],
"tags": [
"archaic",
"uncountable",
"usually"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈfʌs.tɪ.ən/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈfʌs.tʃən/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈfʌs.t͡ʃən/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-fustian.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b8/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-fustian.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-fustian.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b8/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-fustian.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-fustian.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
},
{
"audio": "En-us-fustian.oga",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/09/En-us-fustian.oga/En-us-fustian.oga.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/09/En-us-fustian.oga",
"tags": [
"General-American"
],
"text": "Audio (GA)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"source": "Thesaurus:fustian",
"word": "aureation"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:fustian",
"tags": [
"obsolete"
],
"word": "bombard phrase"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:fustian",
"tags": [
"figuratively"
],
"word": "bombast"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:fustian",
"word": "fustian"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:fustian",
"word": "grandiloquence"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:fustian",
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"word": "highfalutin"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:fustian",
"word": "magniloquence"
},
{
"source": "Thesaurus:fustian",
"tags": [
"idiomatic"
],
"word": "purple prose"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"sense": "kind of coarse fabric made from cotton and flax; kind of coarse twilled cotton, or cotton and linen, stuff often dyed a drab colour",
"word": "فسطاطي"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "barhet",
"sense": "kind of coarse fabric made from cotton and flax; kind of coarse twilled cotton, or cotton and linen, stuff often dyed a drab colour",
"word": "бархет"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "kind of coarse fabric made from cotton and flax; kind of coarse twilled cotton, or cotton and linen, stuff often dyed a drab colour",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "fustany"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"sense": "kind of coarse fabric made from cotton and flax; kind of coarse twilled cotton, or cotton and linen, stuff often dyed a drab colour",
"word": "麻紗布"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "máshābù",
"sense": "kind of coarse fabric made from cotton and flax; kind of coarse twilled cotton, or cotton and linen, stuff often dyed a drab colour",
"word": "麻纱布"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "kind of coarse fabric made from cotton and flax; kind of coarse twilled cotton, or cotton and linen, stuff often dyed a drab colour",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "barchet"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "kind of coarse fabric made from cotton and flax; kind of coarse twilled cotton, or cotton and linen, stuff often dyed a drab colour",
"word": "barchent"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "kind of coarse fabric made from cotton and flax; kind of coarse twilled cotton, or cotton and linen, stuff often dyed a drab colour",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "fustein"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "kind of coarse fabric made from cotton and flax; kind of coarse twilled cotton, or cotton and linen, stuff often dyed a drab colour",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "fustijn"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "kind of coarse fabric made from cotton and flax; kind of coarse twilled cotton, or cotton and linen, stuff often dyed a drab colour",
"word": "fusteno"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "kind of coarse fabric made from cotton and flax; kind of coarse twilled cotton, or cotton and linen, stuff often dyed a drab colour",
"word": "bombazino"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "kind of coarse fabric made from cotton and flax; kind of coarse twilled cotton, or cotton and linen, stuff often dyed a drab colour",
"word": "parkkumi"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "kind of coarse fabric made from cotton and flax; kind of coarse twilled cotton, or cotton and linen, stuff often dyed a drab colour",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "futaine"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "kind of coarse fabric made from cotton and flax; kind of coarse twilled cotton, or cotton and linen, stuff often dyed a drab colour",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Barchent"
},
{
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "kind of coarse fabric made from cotton and flax; kind of coarse twilled cotton, or cotton and linen, stuff often dyed a drab colour",
"word": "fusteno"
},
{
"code": "it",
"lang": "Italian",
"sense": "kind of coarse fabric made from cotton and flax; kind of coarse twilled cotton, or cotton and linen, stuff often dyed a drab colour",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "fustagno"
},
{
"alt": "ファスチャンおり",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "fasuchan ori",
"sense": "kind of coarse fabric made from cotton and flax; kind of coarse twilled cotton, or cotton and linen, stuff often dyed a drab colour",
"word": "ファスチャン織り"
},
{
"code": "lb",
"lang": "Luxembourgish",
"sense": "kind of coarse fabric made from cotton and flax; kind of coarse twilled cotton, or cotton and linen, stuff often dyed a drab colour",
"word": "Fitteng"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"sense": "kind of coarse fabric made from cotton and flax; kind of coarse twilled cotton, or cotton and linen, stuff often dyed a drab colour",
"word": "متقال"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "kind of coarse fabric made from cotton and flax; kind of coarse twilled cotton, or cotton and linen, stuff often dyed a drab colour",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "barchan"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "kind of coarse fabric made from cotton and flax; kind of coarse twilled cotton, or cotton and linen, stuff often dyed a drab colour",
"word": "fustão"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "bumazéja",
"sense": "kind of coarse fabric made from cotton and flax; kind of coarse twilled cotton, or cotton and linen, stuff often dyed a drab colour",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "бумазе́я"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "flanélʹ",
"sense": "kind of coarse fabric made from cotton and flax; kind of coarse twilled cotton, or cotton and linen, stuff often dyed a drab colour",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "флане́ль"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "kind of coarse fabric made from cotton and flax; kind of coarse twilled cotton, or cotton and linen, stuff often dyed a drab colour",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic"
],
"word": "порхет"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "kind of coarse fabric made from cotton and flax; kind of coarse twilled cotton, or cotton and linen, stuff often dyed a drab colour",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "fustán"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "kind of coarse fabric made from cotton and flax; kind of coarse twilled cotton, or cotton and linen, stuff often dyed a drab colour",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "fustal"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "kind of coarse fabric made from cotton and flax; kind of coarse twilled cotton, or cotton and linen, stuff often dyed a drab colour",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "fustaño"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "kind of coarse fabric made from cotton and flax; kind of coarse twilled cotton, or cotton and linen, stuff often dyed a drab colour",
"word": "fistan"
},
{
"code": "wym",
"lang": "Vilamovian",
"sense": "kind of coarse fabric made from cotton and flax; kind of coarse twilled cotton, or cotton and linen, stuff often dyed a drab colour",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "barhet"
}
],
"word": "fustian"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 2-syllable words",
"English 3-syllable words",
"English adjectives",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Medieval Latin",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English uncountable nouns",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English nouns",
"Middle English terms borrowed from Old French",
"Middle English terms derived from Medieval Latin",
"Middle English terms derived from Old French",
"Middle English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Middle English uncountable nouns",
"Requests for review of Russian translations",
"en:Communication",
"en:Fabrics",
"enm:Bedding",
"enm:Fabrics"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "noun"
},
"expansion": "noun",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "fustian",
"t": "type of fabric, probably made from cotton, flax, or wool; piece of fustian spread over a bed or mattress"
},
"expansion": "Middle English fustian (“type of fabric, probably made from cotton, flax, or wool; piece of fustian spread over a bed or mattress”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fustain, fustiane, fustane, fustayn, fustein, fusten, fustene, fustien, fustion, fustyane, fustyn, fustyon",
"otherforms": "1"
},
"expansion": "[and other forms]",
"name": "nb..."
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "fustaine"
},
"expansion": "Old French fustaine",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "fustaigne"
},
"expansion": "fustaigne",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "futaine"
},
"expansion": "French futaine",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ML.",
"3": "fūstāneum"
},
"expansion": "Medieval Latin fūstāneum",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ML.",
"2": "(pannus) fūstāneus"
},
"expansion": "(pannus) fūstāneus",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ML.",
"2": "(tela) fūstānea"
},
"expansion": "(tela) fūstānea",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "bombast"
},
"expansion": "bombast",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "adjective",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "attributive"
},
"expansion": "attributive",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "fustagno"
},
"expansion": "Italian fustagno",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "oc",
"2": "fustani"
},
"expansion": "Occitan fustani",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "fustão"
},
"expansion": "Portuguese fustão",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "fustan"
},
"expansion": "Spanish fustan",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "The noun is derived from Middle English fustian (“type of fabric, probably made from cotton, flax, or wool; piece of fustian spread over a bed or mattress”) [and other forms], from Old French fustaine, fustaigne (modern French futaine), from Medieval Latin fūstāneum, from (pannus) fūstāneus or (tela) fūstānea, of disputed origin.\nSense 3 (“inflated, pompous, or pretentious speech or writing”) is possibly from the fact that the fabric was sometimes used to make cushion- and pillowcases, thus suggesting that the speech or writing is “padded” or “stuffed”; compare bombast. The relationship between sense 4 (“hot drink made of a mixture of alcoholic beverages with egg yolk, lemon, and spices”) and the fabric is unclear.\nThe adjective is from an attributive use of the noun.\ncognates\n* Italian fustagno\n* Occitan fustani\n* Portuguese fustão\n* Spanish fustan",
"forms": [
{
"form": "more fustian",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "most fustian",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "fustian (comparative more fustian, superlative most fustian)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"fust‧i‧an"
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1972, Edna O’Brien, Night, revised edition, New York, N.Y.: Farrar Straus Giroux, published 1987, page 103",
"text": "Her husband was trying to calm her down, assuage her, and in the end what she did was to put a handkerchief over her face and secure it with the brim of a fustian hat.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Made out of fustian (noun sense 1)."
],
"links": [
[
"Made",
"make#Verb"
],
[
"fustian",
"fustian#Noun"
]
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "concise"
}
],
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"Of a person, or their speech or writing: using inflated, pompous, or pretentious language; bombastic; grandiloquent; also (obsolete) using incoherent or unintelligible language."
],
"links": [
[
"person",
"person#Noun"
],
[
"speech",
"speech#Noun"
],
[
"writing",
"writing#Noun"
],
[
"using",
"use#Verb"
],
[
"inflated",
"inflated#Adjective"
],
[
"pompous",
"pompous"
],
[
"pretentious",
"pretentious"
],
[
"language",
"language"
],
[
"bombastic",
"bombastic"
],
[
"grandiloquent",
"grandiloquent"
],
[
"incoherent",
"incoherent"
],
[
"unintelligible",
"unintelligible"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "verbose"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"Imaginary; invented."
],
"links": [
[
"Imaginary",
"imaginary"
],
[
"invented",
"invented#Adjective"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete)",
"Imaginary; invented."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"Useless; worthless."
],
"links": [
[
"Useless",
"useless"
],
[
"worthless",
"worthless"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete)",
"Useless; worthless."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈfʌs.tɪ.ən/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈfʌs.tʃən/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈfʌs.t͡ʃən/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-fustian.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b8/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-fustian.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-fustian.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b8/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-fustian.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-fustian.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
},
{
"audio": "En-us-fustian.oga",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/09/En-us-fustian.oga/En-us-fustian.oga.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/09/En-us-fustian.oga",
"tags": [
"General-American"
],
"text": "Audio (GA)"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "made out of fustian",
"word": "barchanowy"
}
],
"word": "fustian"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English nouns",
"Middle English terms borrowed from Old French",
"Middle English terms derived from Medieval Latin",
"Middle English terms derived from Old French",
"Middle English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Middle English uncountable nouns",
"enm:Bedding",
"enm:Fabrics"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fustian"
},
"expansion": "English: fustian",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: fustian"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "foustie",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Scots: foustie",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Scots: foustie"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "loanword",
"2": "Borrowed"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "fro",
"3": "fustaine",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old French fustaine",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "fro",
"3": "fustaine"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Old French fustaine",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ML.",
"3": "fūstāneum"
},
"expansion": "Medieval Latin fūstāneum",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Old French fustaine, from Medieval Latin fūstāneum.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "nouns",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "fustian",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "fustian (uncountable)",
"name": "enm-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"A cloth made of cotton, flax or wool, being the ancestor of modern fustian."
],
"links": [
[
"cloth",
"cloth"
],
[
"cotton",
"cotton"
],
[
"flax",
"flax"
],
[
"wool",
"wool"
],
[
"fustian",
"fustian#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"uncountable"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A piece of such cloth used as a bedspread."
],
"links": [
[
"piece",
"piece"
],
[
"cloth",
"cloth"
],
[
"bedspread",
"bedspread"
]
],
"tags": [
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/fusˈtɛi̯n/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈfustin/"
},
{
"ipa": "/fustiˈaːn/",
"note": "pseudo-learned"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈfustjan/",
"note": "pseudo-learned"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "ffustean"
},
{
"word": "ffusteyn"
},
{
"word": "fostyon"
},
{
"word": "fusten"
},
{
"word": "fusteyn"
},
{
"word": "fustyan"
},
{
"word": "fustyane"
}
],
"word": "fustian"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-26 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (93a6c53 and 21a9316). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.