See fronce on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for fronce meaning in All languages combined (12.5kB)
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "frm",
"3": "fronce",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Middle French fronce",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "frm",
"3": "fronce"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Middle French fronce",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "fro",
"3": "fronce"
},
"expansion": "Old French fronce",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "fronche",
"t": "frown, wrinkles, small creases in cloth"
},
"expansion": "fronche (“frown, wrinkles, small creases in cloth”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "frk",
"3": "*hrunkiju",
"t": "wrinkle, rumple"
},
"expansion": "Frankish *hrunkiju (“wrinkle, rumple”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*hrunkijō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hrunkijō",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*hrunkitō",
"t": "fold, wrinkle"
},
"expansion": "*hrunkitō (“fold, wrinkle”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*(s)ker-",
"t": "to turn, bend"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker- (“to turn, bend”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "runza",
"t": "fold, wrinkle, crease"
},
"expansion": "Old High German runza (“fold, wrinkle, crease”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Runzel",
"t": "wrinkle"
},
"expansion": "German Runzel (“wrinkle”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "ronse",
"t": "frown"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch ronse (“frown”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "hrukka",
"t": "wrinkle, crease"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse hrukka (“wrinkle, crease”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "hrukka",
"t": "wrinkle, crease, ruck"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic hrukka (“wrinkle, crease, ruck”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ruck"
},
"expansion": "ruck",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Middle French fronce, from Old French fronce, fronche (“frown, wrinkles, small creases in cloth”), from Frankish *hrunkiju (“wrinkle, rumple”) from Proto-Germanic *hrunkijō, *hrunkitō (“fold, wrinkle”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker- (“to turn, bend”). Akin to Old High German runza (“fold, wrinkle, crease”) (German Runzel (“wrinkle”)), Middle Dutch ronse (“frown”), Old Norse hrukka (“wrinkle, crease”) (Icelandic hrukka (“wrinkle, crease, ruck”)). More at ruck.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "fronces",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "fronce f (plural fronces)",
"name": "fr-noun"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"a frown; scowl"
],
"id": "en-fronce-fr-noun-uW-xrHIP",
"links": [
[
"frown",
"frown"
],
[
"scowl",
"scowl"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/fʁɔ̃s/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-Lepticed7-fronce.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/31/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Lepticed7-fronce.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Lepticed7-fronce.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/31/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Lepticed7-fronce.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Lepticed7-fronce.wav.ogg",
"text": "Audio"
}
],
"word": "fronce"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "frm",
"3": "fronce",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Middle French fronce",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "frm",
"3": "fronce"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Middle French fronce",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "fro",
"3": "fronce"
},
"expansion": "Old French fronce",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "fronche",
"t": "frown, wrinkles, small creases in cloth"
},
"expansion": "fronche (“frown, wrinkles, small creases in cloth”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "frk",
"3": "*hrunkiju",
"t": "wrinkle, rumple"
},
"expansion": "Frankish *hrunkiju (“wrinkle, rumple”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*hrunkijō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hrunkijō",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*hrunkitō",
"t": "fold, wrinkle"
},
"expansion": "*hrunkitō (“fold, wrinkle”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*(s)ker-",
"t": "to turn, bend"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker- (“to turn, bend”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "runza",
"t": "fold, wrinkle, crease"
},
"expansion": "Old High German runza (“fold, wrinkle, crease”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Runzel",
"t": "wrinkle"
},
"expansion": "German Runzel (“wrinkle”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "ronse",
"t": "frown"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch ronse (“frown”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "hrukka",
"t": "wrinkle, crease"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse hrukka (“wrinkle, crease”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "hrukka",
"t": "wrinkle, crease, ruck"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic hrukka (“wrinkle, crease, ruck”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ruck"
},
"expansion": "ruck",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Middle French fronce, from Old French fronce, fronche (“frown, wrinkles, small creases in cloth”), from Frankish *hrunkiju (“wrinkle, rumple”) from Proto-Germanic *hrunkijō, *hrunkitō (“fold, wrinkle”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker- (“to turn, bend”). Akin to Old High German runza (“fold, wrinkle, crease”) (German Runzel (“wrinkle”)), Middle Dutch ronse (“frown”), Old Norse hrukka (“wrinkle, crease”) (Icelandic hrukka (“wrinkle, crease, ruck”)). More at ruck.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "fronce",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "7 68 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "French entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of froncer:",
"first/third-person singular present indicative/subjunctive"
],
"id": "en-fronce-fr-verb-9dD1JYE-",
"links": [
[
"froncer",
"froncer#French"
]
],
"tags": [
"first-person",
"form-of",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"inflection of froncer:",
"second-person singular imperative"
],
"id": "en-fronce-fr-verb-VNR1I2T3",
"links": [
[
"froncer",
"froncer#French"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/fʁɔ̃s/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-Lepticed7-fronce.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/31/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Lepticed7-fronce.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Lepticed7-fronce.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/31/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Lepticed7-fronce.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Lepticed7-fronce.wav.ogg",
"text": "Audio"
}
],
"word": "fronce"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "fronce",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "frounce"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of frounce"
],
"id": "en-fronce-enm-noun-yaQpCqcy",
"links": [
[
"frounce",
"frounce#Middle English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "fronce"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "fronce"
},
"expansion": "French: fronce",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "French: fronce"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "frounce",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Middle English: frounce, ffrownce, fronce, frownce\nEnglish: frounce",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "→ Middle English: frounce, ffrownce, fronce, frownce\nEnglish: frounce"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "fro",
"3": "fronce",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old French fronce",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "fro",
"3": "fronce"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old French fronce",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "frk",
"3": "*hrunkiju",
"4": "",
"5": "wrinkle"
},
"expansion": "Frankish *hrunkiju (“wrinkle”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*hrunkijō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hrunkijō",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*hrunkitō",
"3": "",
"4": "fold, wrinkle"
},
"expansion": "*hrunkitō (“fold, wrinkle”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*(s)ker-",
"t": "to turn, bend"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker- (“to turn, bend”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old French fronce, from Frankish *hrunkiju (“wrinkle”) from Proto-Germanic *hrunkijō, *hrunkitō (“fold, wrinkle”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker- (“to turn, bend”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "fronces",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"10": "{{{f}}}",
"11": "",
"12": "{{{f}}}s",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "plural",
"6": "fronces",
"7": "",
"8": "{{{pl2}}}",
"9": "",
"f1accel-form": "p",
"g": "f",
"g2": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "fronce f (plural fronces)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "fronce f (plural fronces)",
"name": "frm-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle French",
"lang_code": "frm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle French entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"crease; wrinkle (usually in clothes)"
],
"id": "en-fronce-frm-noun-9D~76r3S",
"links": [
[
"crease",
"crease"
],
[
"wrinkle",
"wrinkle"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"word": "fronce"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "fronce"
},
"expansion": "Middle French: fronce\nFrench: fronce\n→ Middle English: frounce, ffrownce, fronce, frownce\nEnglish: frounce",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Middle French: fronce\nFrench: fronce\n→ Middle English: frounce, ffrownce, fronce, frownce\nEnglish: frounce"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "loanword",
"2": "Borrowed"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "frk",
"3": "*hrunkiju",
"4": "",
"5": "wrinkle",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Frankish *hrunkiju (“wrinkle”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "frk",
"3": "*hrunkiju",
"4": "",
"5": "wrinkle"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Frankish *hrunkiju (“wrinkle”)",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*hrunkijō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hrunkijō",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*hrunkitō",
"3": "",
"4": "fold, wrinkle"
},
"expansion": "*hrunkitō (“fold, wrinkle”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*(s)ker-",
"t": "to turn, bend"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker- (“to turn, bend”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Frankish *hrunkiju (“wrinkle”) from Proto-Germanic *hrunkijō, *hrunkitō (“fold, wrinkle”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker- (“to turn, bend”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "fronce oblique singular or",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "fronces",
"tags": [
"oblique",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fronce",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fronces",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "fronce oblique singular, f (oblique plural fronces, nominative singular fronce, nominative plural fronces)",
"name": "fro-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old French entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "fronchal"
}
],
"glosses": [
"wrinkle (of the skin)"
],
"id": "en-fronce-fro-noun-HoGAglTl",
"links": [
[
"wrinkle",
"wrinkle"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "fronche"
},
{
"word": "frunce"
},
{
"word": "frunche"
}
]
}
],
"word": "fronce"
}
{
"categories": [
"French 1-syllable words",
"French countable nouns",
"French entries with incorrect language header",
"French feminine nouns",
"French lemmas",
"French non-lemma forms",
"French nouns",
"French terms derived from Frankish",
"French terms derived from Middle French",
"French terms derived from Old French",
"French terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"French terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"French terms inherited from Middle French",
"French terms inherited from Old French",
"French terms with IPA pronunciation",
"French terms with audio links",
"French verb forms"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "frm",
"3": "fronce",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Middle French fronce",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "frm",
"3": "fronce"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Middle French fronce",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "fro",
"3": "fronce"
},
"expansion": "Old French fronce",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "fronche",
"t": "frown, wrinkles, small creases in cloth"
},
"expansion": "fronche (“frown, wrinkles, small creases in cloth”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "frk",
"3": "*hrunkiju",
"t": "wrinkle, rumple"
},
"expansion": "Frankish *hrunkiju (“wrinkle, rumple”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*hrunkijō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hrunkijō",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*hrunkitō",
"t": "fold, wrinkle"
},
"expansion": "*hrunkitō (“fold, wrinkle”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*(s)ker-",
"t": "to turn, bend"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker- (“to turn, bend”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "runza",
"t": "fold, wrinkle, crease"
},
"expansion": "Old High German runza (“fold, wrinkle, crease”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Runzel",
"t": "wrinkle"
},
"expansion": "German Runzel (“wrinkle”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "ronse",
"t": "frown"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch ronse (“frown”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "hrukka",
"t": "wrinkle, crease"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse hrukka (“wrinkle, crease”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "hrukka",
"t": "wrinkle, crease, ruck"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic hrukka (“wrinkle, crease, ruck”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ruck"
},
"expansion": "ruck",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Middle French fronce, from Old French fronce, fronche (“frown, wrinkles, small creases in cloth”), from Frankish *hrunkiju (“wrinkle, rumple”) from Proto-Germanic *hrunkijō, *hrunkitō (“fold, wrinkle”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker- (“to turn, bend”). Akin to Old High German runza (“fold, wrinkle, crease”) (German Runzel (“wrinkle”)), Middle Dutch ronse (“frown”), Old Norse hrukka (“wrinkle, crease”) (Icelandic hrukka (“wrinkle, crease, ruck”)). More at ruck.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "fronces",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "fronce f (plural fronces)",
"name": "fr-noun"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"a frown; scowl"
],
"links": [
[
"frown",
"frown"
],
[
"scowl",
"scowl"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/fʁɔ̃s/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-Lepticed7-fronce.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/31/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Lepticed7-fronce.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Lepticed7-fronce.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/31/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Lepticed7-fronce.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Lepticed7-fronce.wav.ogg",
"text": "Audio"
}
],
"word": "fronce"
}
{
"categories": [
"French 1-syllable words",
"French countable nouns",
"French entries with incorrect language header",
"French feminine nouns",
"French lemmas",
"French non-lemma forms",
"French nouns",
"French terms derived from Frankish",
"French terms derived from Middle French",
"French terms derived from Old French",
"French terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"French terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"French terms inherited from Middle French",
"French terms inherited from Old French",
"French terms with IPA pronunciation",
"French terms with audio links",
"French verb forms"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "frm",
"3": "fronce",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Middle French fronce",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "frm",
"3": "fronce"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Middle French fronce",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "fro",
"3": "fronce"
},
"expansion": "Old French fronce",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "fronche",
"t": "frown, wrinkles, small creases in cloth"
},
"expansion": "fronche (“frown, wrinkles, small creases in cloth”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "frk",
"3": "*hrunkiju",
"t": "wrinkle, rumple"
},
"expansion": "Frankish *hrunkiju (“wrinkle, rumple”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*hrunkijō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hrunkijō",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*hrunkitō",
"t": "fold, wrinkle"
},
"expansion": "*hrunkitō (“fold, wrinkle”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*(s)ker-",
"t": "to turn, bend"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker- (“to turn, bend”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "runza",
"t": "fold, wrinkle, crease"
},
"expansion": "Old High German runza (“fold, wrinkle, crease”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Runzel",
"t": "wrinkle"
},
"expansion": "German Runzel (“wrinkle”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "ronse",
"t": "frown"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch ronse (“frown”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "hrukka",
"t": "wrinkle, crease"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse hrukka (“wrinkle, crease”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "hrukka",
"t": "wrinkle, crease, ruck"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic hrukka (“wrinkle, crease, ruck”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ruck"
},
"expansion": "ruck",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Middle French fronce, from Old French fronce, fronche (“frown, wrinkles, small creases in cloth”), from Frankish *hrunkiju (“wrinkle, rumple”) from Proto-Germanic *hrunkijō, *hrunkitō (“fold, wrinkle”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker- (“to turn, bend”). Akin to Old High German runza (“fold, wrinkle, crease”) (German Runzel (“wrinkle”)), Middle Dutch ronse (“frown”), Old Norse hrukka (“wrinkle, crease”) (Icelandic hrukka (“wrinkle, crease, ruck”)). More at ruck.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "fronce",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"inflection of froncer:",
"first/third-person singular present indicative/subjunctive"
],
"links": [
[
"froncer",
"froncer#French"
]
],
"tags": [
"first-person",
"form-of",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"inflection of froncer:",
"second-person singular imperative"
],
"links": [
[
"froncer",
"froncer#French"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/fʁɔ̃s/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-Lepticed7-fronce.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/31/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Lepticed7-fronce.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Lepticed7-fronce.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/31/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Lepticed7-fronce.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Lepticed7-fronce.wav.ogg",
"text": "Audio"
}
],
"word": "fronce"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "fronce",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "frounce"
}
],
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English nouns"
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of frounce"
],
"links": [
[
"frounce",
"frounce#Middle English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "fronce"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "fronce"
},
"expansion": "French: fronce",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "French: fronce"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "frounce",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Middle English: frounce, ffrownce, fronce, frownce\nEnglish: frounce",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "→ Middle English: frounce, ffrownce, fronce, frownce\nEnglish: frounce"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "fro",
"3": "fronce",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old French fronce",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "fro",
"3": "fronce"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old French fronce",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "frk",
"3": "*hrunkiju",
"4": "",
"5": "wrinkle"
},
"expansion": "Frankish *hrunkiju (“wrinkle”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*hrunkijō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hrunkijō",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*hrunkitō",
"3": "",
"4": "fold, wrinkle"
},
"expansion": "*hrunkitō (“fold, wrinkle”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*(s)ker-",
"t": "to turn, bend"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker- (“to turn, bend”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old French fronce, from Frankish *hrunkiju (“wrinkle”) from Proto-Germanic *hrunkijō, *hrunkitō (“fold, wrinkle”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker- (“to turn, bend”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "fronces",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"10": "{{{f}}}",
"11": "",
"12": "{{{f}}}s",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "plural",
"6": "fronces",
"7": "",
"8": "{{{pl2}}}",
"9": "",
"f1accel-form": "p",
"g": "f",
"g2": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "fronce f (plural fronces)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "fronce f (plural fronces)",
"name": "frm-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle French",
"lang_code": "frm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Middle French countable nouns",
"Middle French entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle French feminine nouns",
"Middle French lemmas",
"Middle French nouns",
"Middle French terms derived from Frankish",
"Middle French terms derived from Old French",
"Middle French terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle French terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Middle French terms inherited from Old French"
],
"glosses": [
"crease; wrinkle (usually in clothes)"
],
"links": [
[
"crease",
"crease"
],
[
"wrinkle",
"wrinkle"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"word": "fronce"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "fronchal"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "fronce"
},
"expansion": "Middle French: fronce\nFrench: fronce\n→ Middle English: frounce, ffrownce, fronce, frownce\nEnglish: frounce",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Middle French: fronce\nFrench: fronce\n→ Middle English: frounce, ffrownce, fronce, frownce\nEnglish: frounce"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "loanword",
"2": "Borrowed"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "frk",
"3": "*hrunkiju",
"4": "",
"5": "wrinkle",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Frankish *hrunkiju (“wrinkle”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "frk",
"3": "*hrunkiju",
"4": "",
"5": "wrinkle"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Frankish *hrunkiju (“wrinkle”)",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*hrunkijō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hrunkijō",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*hrunkitō",
"3": "",
"4": "fold, wrinkle"
},
"expansion": "*hrunkitō (“fold, wrinkle”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*(s)ker-",
"t": "to turn, bend"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker- (“to turn, bend”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Frankish *hrunkiju (“wrinkle”) from Proto-Germanic *hrunkijō, *hrunkitō (“fold, wrinkle”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker- (“to turn, bend”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "fronce oblique singular or",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "fronces",
"tags": [
"oblique",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fronce",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fronces",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "fronce oblique singular, f (oblique plural fronces, nominative singular fronce, nominative plural fronces)",
"name": "fro-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Old French entries with incorrect language header",
"Old French feminine nouns",
"Old French lemmas",
"Old French nouns",
"Old French terms borrowed from Frankish",
"Old French terms derived from Frankish",
"Old French terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Old French terms derived from Proto-Indo-European"
],
"glosses": [
"wrinkle (of the skin)"
],
"links": [
[
"wrinkle",
"wrinkle"
]
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "fronche"
},
{
"word": "frunce"
},
{
"word": "frunche"
}
],
"word": "fronce"
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1089",
"msg": "suspicious unhandled suffix in Old French: 'fronce oblique singular or', originally 'fronce oblique singular or f'",
"path": [
"fronce"
],
"section": "Old French",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "fronce",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1089",
"msg": "suspicious unhandled suffix in Old French: 'fronce oblique singular or', originally 'fronce oblique singular or f'",
"path": [
"fronce"
],
"section": "Old French",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "fronce",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1147",
"msg": "suspicious related form tags ['feminine', 'canonical']: 'fronce oblique singular or' in 'fronce oblique singular, f (oblique plural fronces, nominative singular fronce, nominative plural fronces)'",
"path": [
"fronce"
],
"section": "Old French",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "fronce",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-09 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (4d5d0bb and edd475d). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.