See fronce in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "fronce"
},
"expansion": "Middle French: fronce\nFrench: fronce\n→ Middle English: frounce, ffrownce, fronce, frownce\nEnglish: frounce",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Middle French: fronce\nFrench: fronce\n→ Middle English: frounce, ffrownce, fronce, frownce\nEnglish: frounce"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "frk",
"3": "*hrunkiju",
"4": "",
"5": "wrinkle"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Frankish *hrunkiju (“wrinkle”)",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*hrunkijō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hrunkijō",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*(s)ker-",
"t": "to turn, bend"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker- (“to turn, bend”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Frankish *hrunkiju (“wrinkle”) from Proto-Germanic *hrunkijō, *hrunkitō (“fold, wrinkle”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker- (“to turn, bend”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "fronce oblique singular or",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "fronces",
"tags": [
"oblique",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fronce",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fronces",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "fronce oblique singular, f (oblique plural fronces, nominative singular fronce, nominative plural fronces)",
"name": "fro-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old French entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 4 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "fronchal"
}
],
"glosses": [
"wrinkle (of the skin)"
],
"id": "en-fronce-fro-noun-HoGAglTl",
"links": [
[
"wrinkle",
"wrinkle"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "fronche"
},
{
"word": "frunce"
},
{
"word": "frunche"
}
]
}
],
"word": "fronce"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "fronchal"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "fronce"
},
"expansion": "Middle French: fronce\nFrench: fronce\n→ Middle English: frounce, ffrownce, fronce, frownce\nEnglish: frounce",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Middle French: fronce\nFrench: fronce\n→ Middle English: frounce, ffrownce, fronce, frownce\nEnglish: frounce"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "frk",
"3": "*hrunkiju",
"4": "",
"5": "wrinkle"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Frankish *hrunkiju (“wrinkle”)",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*hrunkijō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hrunkijō",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*(s)ker-",
"t": "to turn, bend"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker- (“to turn, bend”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Frankish *hrunkiju (“wrinkle”) from Proto-Germanic *hrunkijō, *hrunkitō (“fold, wrinkle”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker- (“to turn, bend”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "fronce oblique singular or",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "fronces",
"tags": [
"oblique",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fronce",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fronces",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "fronce oblique singular, f (oblique plural fronces, nominative singular fronce, nominative plural fronces)",
"name": "fro-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Old French entries with incorrect language header",
"Old French feminine nouns",
"Old French lemmas",
"Old French nouns",
"Old French terms borrowed from Frankish",
"Old French terms derived from Frankish",
"Old French terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Old French terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"wrinkle (of the skin)"
],
"links": [
[
"wrinkle",
"wrinkle"
]
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "fronche"
},
{
"word": "frunce"
},
{
"word": "frunche"
}
],
"word": "fronce"
}
Download raw JSONL data for fronce meaning in Old French (2.0kB)
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1089",
"msg": "suspicious unhandled suffix in Old French: 'fronce oblique singular or', originally 'fronce oblique singular or f'",
"path": [
"fronce"
],
"section": "Old French",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "fronce",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1089",
"msg": "suspicious unhandled suffix in Old French: 'fronce oblique singular or', originally 'fronce oblique singular or f'",
"path": [
"fronce"
],
"section": "Old French",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "fronce",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1147",
"msg": "suspicious related form tags ['feminine', 'canonical']: 'fronce oblique singular or' in 'fronce oblique singular, f (oblique plural fronces, nominative singular fronce, nominative plural fronces)'",
"path": [
"fronce"
],
"section": "Old French",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "fronce",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Old French dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-08 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (bb46d54 and 0c3c9f6). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.