See frounce on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "frouncen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English frouncen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "froncir"
},
"expansion": "Old French froncir",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "frk",
"3": "*hrunkiju",
"t": "a wrinkle"
},
"expansion": "Frankish *hrunkiju (“a wrinkle”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*hrunkijō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hrunkijō",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*(s)ker-",
"4": "",
"5": "to turn, bend"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker- (“to turn, bend”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "runza"
},
"expansion": "Old High German runza",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Runzel"
},
"expansion": "German Runzel",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "ronse",
"3": ""
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch ronse",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "hrukka"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse hrukka",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "hrukka"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic hrukka",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English frouncen, from Old French froncir \"to wrinkle, frown\", from Frankish *hrunkiju (“a wrinkle”), from Proto-Germanic *hrunkijō, *hrunkitō (“fold, wrinkle”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker- (“to turn, bend”).\nAkin to Old High German runza \"fold, wrinkle, crease\" (German Runzel \"wrinkle\"), Middle Dutch ronse \"frown\", Old Norse hrukka \"wrinkle, crease\" (Icelandic hrukka \"wrinkle, crease, ruck\"). More at ruck₂.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "frounces",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "frounce (plural frounces)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "c. 1503–1512, John Skelton, Ware the Hauke; republished in John Scattergood, editor, John Skelton: The Complete English Poems, 1983, →OCLC, page 64, lines 83–85:",
"text": "The hawke had no lyst\nTo come to his fyst;\nShe loked as she had the frounce; […]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1820, [Walter Scott], chapter IV, in The Abbot. […], volume I, Edinburgh: […] [James Ballantyne & Co.] for Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, […]; and for Archibald Constable and Company, and John Ballantyne, […], →OCLC, page 85:",
"text": "I say that the eyass should have her meat unwashed, until she becomes a brancher—’twere the ready way to give her the frounce, to wash her meat sooner, and so knows every one who knows a gled from a falcon.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A canker in the mouth of a hawk."
],
"id": "en-frounce-en-noun-iy9wJ91O",
"links": [
[
"canker",
"canker"
],
[
"hawk",
"hawk"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "96 4",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "canker in the mouth of hawk",
"word": "trikomonoosi"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A plait or curl."
],
"id": "en-frounce-en-noun-nYk8PyFo",
"links": [
[
"plait",
"plait"
],
[
"curl",
"curl"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/fɹaʊns/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-frounce.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2b/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-frounce.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-frounce.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2b/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-frounce.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-frounce.wav.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-aʊns"
}
],
"word": "frounce"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "frouncen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English frouncen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "froncir"
},
"expansion": "Old French froncir",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "frk",
"3": "*hrunkiju",
"t": "a wrinkle"
},
"expansion": "Frankish *hrunkiju (“a wrinkle”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*hrunkijō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hrunkijō",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*(s)ker-",
"4": "",
"5": "to turn, bend"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker- (“to turn, bend”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "runza"
},
"expansion": "Old High German runza",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Runzel"
},
"expansion": "German Runzel",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "ronse",
"3": ""
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch ronse",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "hrukka"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse hrukka",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "hrukka"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic hrukka",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English frouncen, from Old French froncir \"to wrinkle, frown\", from Frankish *hrunkiju (“a wrinkle”), from Proto-Germanic *hrunkijō, *hrunkitō (“fold, wrinkle”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker- (“to turn, bend”).\nAkin to Old High German runza \"fold, wrinkle, crease\" (German Runzel \"wrinkle\"), Middle Dutch ronse \"frown\", Old Norse hrukka \"wrinkle, crease\" (Icelandic hrukka \"wrinkle, crease, ruck\"). More at ruck₂.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "frounces",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "frouncing",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "frounced",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "frounced",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "frounce (third-person singular simple present frounces, present participle frouncing, simple past and past participle frounced)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1879, Harmon Seeley Babcock, \"The Peanut Man\", in Trifles, Providence Press Company (1879), page 43",
"text": "Beard untrimmed by barber's shears,\nHair all frouncing 'bout his ears,"
},
{
"ref": "1887, Julian Corbett, For God and Gold, Macmillan and Co, page 214:",
"text": "As though to give him a warlike note, his clothes were thrown on in a slovenly way, and his moustache frounced out so shock and bristling that it seemed from each hair-end a crackling oath must start with every word he said.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1888, Charles M. Doughty, Travels in Arabia Deserta, volume 1, Cambridge, page 498:",
"text": "Under the day-long beating of the sun their brow is frounced out, […]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1983, Carolly Erickson, The First Elizabeth, St. Martin's Griffin, published 1997, →ISBN, page 307:",
"text": "The unruly, shoulder-length hair of the redeemed made a strong contrast to the well-tended coiffures of fashionable men, who \"frounced their hair with curling irons\" and wore long \"love locks\" tied with ribbons or silk favors.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2012, Carolyn Meyer, The Wild Queen: The Days and Nights of Mary, Queen of Scots, Harcourt, published 2012, →ISBN, page 107:",
"text": "My hairdresser stopped coming. Fortunately, my friend Seton had always enjoyed frouncing my hair, and she readily took up the responsibility, fixing my hair in a different style every day.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To curl."
],
"id": "en-frounce-en-verb-a1Di2UDO",
"links": [
[
"transitive",
"transitive"
],
[
"intransitive",
"intransitive"
],
[
"curl",
"curl"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare, transitive, intransitive) To curl."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive",
"rare",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "14 11 10 49 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 13 14 44 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 11 9 55 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 34 0 54 2",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Veterinary medicine",
"orig": "en:Veterinary medicine",
"parents": [
"Animals",
"Medicine",
"Lifeforms",
"Biology",
"Healthcare",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Sciences",
"Health",
"Fundamental",
"Nature",
"Body"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1871, George Mac-Henry, Time and Eternity: A Poem, A L Bancroft and Company (1871), page 42",
"text": "He frounced his brow, and from his scornful eye\nShot wrath indignant, and disdain and pride,"
},
{
"ref": "1885 December, “The Old Corner Shop: A Story of Very Poor Humanity”, in The Phrenological Magazine:",
"text": "Mury, however, frounced her brows, and made Sir Tyke Winchap's niece a profound courtesy behind her back.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2000, Patrick Madden, \"Down on Batlle's Farm\", Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought, Volume 33, Number 2, Summer 2000, page 160",
"text": "\"But they know who you are?\" I asked, and frounced my brow in skeptical doubt."
}
],
"glosses": [
"To crease, wrinkle, to frown."
],
"id": "en-frounce-en-verb-voCdR3ej",
"links": [
[
"crease",
"crease"
],
[
"wrinkle",
"wrinkle"
],
[
"frown",
"frown"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) To crease, wrinkle, to frown."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To gather into or adorn with plaits, as a dress."
],
"id": "en-frounce-en-verb-YQFEsSdW"
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/fɹaʊns/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-frounce.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2b/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-frounce.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-frounce.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2b/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-frounce.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-frounce.wav.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-aʊns"
}
],
"word": "frounce"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "frounceles"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "frounce"
},
"expansion": "English: frounce",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: frounce"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "frk",
"3": "gem-pro",
"4": "ine-pro"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "frm",
"3": "fronce"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Middle French fronce",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "fro",
"3": "fronce"
},
"expansion": "Old French fronce",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Middle French fronce, from Old French fronce.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "frounces",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "nouns",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "frounce",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "frounce (plural frounces)",
"name": "enm-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "frouncen"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "32 35 33",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Veterinary medicine",
"orig": "enm:Veterinary medicine",
"parents": [
"Animals",
"Medicine",
"Lifeforms",
"Biology",
"Healthcare",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Sciences",
"Health",
"Fundamental",
"Nature",
"Body"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 24 39",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Diseases",
"orig": "enm:Diseases",
"parents": [
"Disease",
"Health",
"Body",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "59 33 7",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Fabrics",
"orig": "enm:Fabrics",
"parents": [
"Materials",
"Manufacturing",
"Human activity",
"Human behaviour",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A wrinkle, fold, or pleat (in fabric, hair, or porcelain)."
],
"id": "en-frounce-enm-noun-vaLr8jJo",
"links": [
[
"wrinkle",
"wrinkle"
],
[
"fold",
"fold"
],
[
"pleat",
"pleat"
],
[
"fabric",
"fabric#English"
],
[
"hair",
"hair#English"
],
[
"porcelain",
"porcelain#English"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "4 3 3 31 4 10 42 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 5 5 20 6 6 49 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 3 3 15 4 4 63 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "32 35 33",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Veterinary medicine",
"orig": "enm:Veterinary medicine",
"parents": [
"Animals",
"Medicine",
"Lifeforms",
"Biology",
"Healthcare",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Sciences",
"Health",
"Fundamental",
"Nature",
"Body"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 24 39",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Diseases",
"orig": "enm:Diseases",
"parents": [
"Disease",
"Health",
"Body",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 71 4",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Emotions",
"orig": "enm:Emotions",
"parents": [
"Mind",
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A disease involving mouth sores in birds of prey."
],
"id": "en-frounce-enm-noun-kH4A-lsW",
"links": [
[
"disease",
"disease"
],
[
"mouth",
"mouth"
],
[
"sore",
"sore"
],
[
"birds of prey",
"birds of prey"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "32 35 33",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Veterinary medicine",
"orig": "enm:Veterinary medicine",
"parents": [
"Animals",
"Medicine",
"Lifeforms",
"Biology",
"Healthcare",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Sciences",
"Health",
"Fundamental",
"Nature",
"Body"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 24 39",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Diseases",
"orig": "enm:Diseases",
"parents": [
"Disease",
"Health",
"Body",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A grimace; a scornful look."
],
"id": "en-frounce-enm-noun-XGavUMRy",
"links": [
[
"grimace",
"grimace"
],
[
"scornful",
"scornful"
],
[
"look",
"look"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figuratively) A grimace; a scornful look."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈfruːns(ə)/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "ffrownce"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "fronce"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "frownce"
}
],
"word": "frounce"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Frankish",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English nouns",
"Middle English terms borrowed from Middle French",
"Middle English terms derived from Frankish",
"Middle English terms derived from Middle French",
"Middle English terms derived from Old French",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/aʊns",
"Rhymes:English/aʊns/1 syllable",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"en:Veterinary medicine",
"enm:Diseases",
"enm:Emotions",
"enm:Fabrics",
"enm:Veterinary medicine"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "frouncen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English frouncen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "froncir"
},
"expansion": "Old French froncir",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "frk",
"3": "*hrunkiju",
"t": "a wrinkle"
},
"expansion": "Frankish *hrunkiju (“a wrinkle”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*hrunkijō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hrunkijō",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*(s)ker-",
"4": "",
"5": "to turn, bend"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker- (“to turn, bend”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "runza"
},
"expansion": "Old High German runza",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Runzel"
},
"expansion": "German Runzel",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "ronse",
"3": ""
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch ronse",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "hrukka"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse hrukka",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "hrukka"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic hrukka",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English frouncen, from Old French froncir \"to wrinkle, frown\", from Frankish *hrunkiju (“a wrinkle”), from Proto-Germanic *hrunkijō, *hrunkitō (“fold, wrinkle”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker- (“to turn, bend”).\nAkin to Old High German runza \"fold, wrinkle, crease\" (German Runzel \"wrinkle\"), Middle Dutch ronse \"frown\", Old Norse hrukka \"wrinkle, crease\" (Icelandic hrukka \"wrinkle, crease, ruck\"). More at ruck₂.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "frounces",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "frounce (plural frounces)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "c. 1503–1512, John Skelton, Ware the Hauke; republished in John Scattergood, editor, John Skelton: The Complete English Poems, 1983, →OCLC, page 64, lines 83–85:",
"text": "The hawke had no lyst\nTo come to his fyst;\nShe loked as she had the frounce; […]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1820, [Walter Scott], chapter IV, in The Abbot. […], volume I, Edinburgh: […] [James Ballantyne & Co.] for Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, […]; and for Archibald Constable and Company, and John Ballantyne, […], →OCLC, page 85:",
"text": "I say that the eyass should have her meat unwashed, until she becomes a brancher—’twere the ready way to give her the frounce, to wash her meat sooner, and so knows every one who knows a gled from a falcon.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A canker in the mouth of a hawk."
],
"links": [
[
"canker",
"canker"
],
[
"hawk",
"hawk"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A plait or curl."
],
"links": [
[
"plait",
"plait"
],
[
"curl",
"curl"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/fɹaʊns/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-frounce.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2b/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-frounce.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-frounce.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2b/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-frounce.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-frounce.wav.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-aʊns"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "canker in the mouth of hawk",
"word": "trikomonoosi"
}
],
"word": "frounce"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Frankish",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English nouns",
"Middle English terms borrowed from Middle French",
"Middle English terms derived from Frankish",
"Middle English terms derived from Middle French",
"Middle English terms derived from Old French",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/aʊns",
"Rhymes:English/aʊns/1 syllable",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"en:Veterinary medicine",
"enm:Diseases",
"enm:Emotions",
"enm:Fabrics",
"enm:Veterinary medicine"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "frouncen"
},
"expansion": "Middle English frouncen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "froncir"
},
"expansion": "Old French froncir",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "frk",
"3": "*hrunkiju",
"t": "a wrinkle"
},
"expansion": "Frankish *hrunkiju (“a wrinkle”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*hrunkijō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hrunkijō",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*(s)ker-",
"4": "",
"5": "to turn, bend"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker- (“to turn, bend”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "runza"
},
"expansion": "Old High German runza",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Runzel"
},
"expansion": "German Runzel",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "ronse",
"3": ""
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch ronse",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "hrukka"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse hrukka",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "hrukka"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic hrukka",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle English frouncen, from Old French froncir \"to wrinkle, frown\", from Frankish *hrunkiju (“a wrinkle”), from Proto-Germanic *hrunkijō, *hrunkitō (“fold, wrinkle”), from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker- (“to turn, bend”).\nAkin to Old High German runza \"fold, wrinkle, crease\" (German Runzel \"wrinkle\"), Middle Dutch ronse \"frown\", Old Norse hrukka \"wrinkle, crease\" (Icelandic hrukka \"wrinkle, crease, ruck\"). More at ruck₂.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "frounces",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "frouncing",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "frounced",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "frounced",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "frounce (third-person singular simple present frounces, present participle frouncing, simple past and past participle frounced)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English intransitive verbs",
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with rare senses",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1879, Harmon Seeley Babcock, \"The Peanut Man\", in Trifles, Providence Press Company (1879), page 43",
"text": "Beard untrimmed by barber's shears,\nHair all frouncing 'bout his ears,"
},
{
"ref": "1887, Julian Corbett, For God and Gold, Macmillan and Co, page 214:",
"text": "As though to give him a warlike note, his clothes were thrown on in a slovenly way, and his moustache frounced out so shock and bristling that it seemed from each hair-end a crackling oath must start with every word he said.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1888, Charles M. Doughty, Travels in Arabia Deserta, volume 1, Cambridge, page 498:",
"text": "Under the day-long beating of the sun their brow is frounced out, […]",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "1983, Carolly Erickson, The First Elizabeth, St. Martin's Griffin, published 1997, →ISBN, page 307:",
"text": "The unruly, shoulder-length hair of the redeemed made a strong contrast to the well-tended coiffures of fashionable men, who \"frounced their hair with curling irons\" and wore long \"love locks\" tied with ribbons or silk favors.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2012, Carolyn Meyer, The Wild Queen: The Days and Nights of Mary, Queen of Scots, Harcourt, published 2012, →ISBN, page 107:",
"text": "My hairdresser stopped coming. Fortunately, my friend Seton had always enjoyed frouncing my hair, and she readily took up the responsibility, fixing my hair in a different style every day.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To curl."
],
"links": [
[
"transitive",
"transitive"
],
[
"intransitive",
"intransitive"
],
[
"curl",
"curl"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare, transitive, intransitive) To curl."
],
"tags": [
"intransitive",
"rare",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English terms with rare senses"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1871, George Mac-Henry, Time and Eternity: A Poem, A L Bancroft and Company (1871), page 42",
"text": "He frounced his brow, and from his scornful eye\nShot wrath indignant, and disdain and pride,"
},
{
"ref": "1885 December, “The Old Corner Shop: A Story of Very Poor Humanity”, in The Phrenological Magazine:",
"text": "Mury, however, frounced her brows, and made Sir Tyke Winchap's niece a profound courtesy behind her back.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2000, Patrick Madden, \"Down on Batlle's Farm\", Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought, Volume 33, Number 2, Summer 2000, page 160",
"text": "\"But they know who you are?\" I asked, and frounced my brow in skeptical doubt."
}
],
"glosses": [
"To crease, wrinkle, to frown."
],
"links": [
[
"crease",
"crease"
],
[
"wrinkle",
"wrinkle"
],
[
"frown",
"frown"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) To crease, wrinkle, to frown."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"To gather into or adorn with plaits, as a dress."
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/fɹaʊns/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-frounce.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2b/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-frounce.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-frounce.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2b/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-frounce.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-frounce.wav.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-aʊns"
}
],
"word": "frounce"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English nouns",
"Middle English terms borrowed from Middle French",
"Middle English terms derived from Frankish",
"Middle English terms derived from Middle French",
"Middle English terms derived from Old French",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"enm:Diseases",
"enm:Emotions",
"enm:Fabrics",
"enm:Veterinary medicine"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "frounceles"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "frounce"
},
"expansion": "English: frounce",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: frounce"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "frk",
"3": "gem-pro",
"4": "ine-pro"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "frm",
"3": "fronce"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Middle French fronce",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "fro",
"3": "fronce"
},
"expansion": "Old French fronce",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Middle French fronce, from Old French fronce.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "frounces",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "nouns",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "frounce",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "frounce (plural frounces)",
"name": "enm-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "frouncen"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"A wrinkle, fold, or pleat (in fabric, hair, or porcelain)."
],
"links": [
[
"wrinkle",
"wrinkle"
],
[
"fold",
"fold"
],
[
"pleat",
"pleat"
],
[
"fabric",
"fabric#English"
],
[
"hair",
"hair#English"
],
[
"porcelain",
"porcelain#English"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A disease involving mouth sores in birds of prey."
],
"links": [
[
"disease",
"disease"
],
[
"mouth",
"mouth"
],
[
"sore",
"sore"
],
[
"birds of prey",
"birds of prey"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A grimace; a scornful look."
],
"links": [
[
"grimace",
"grimace"
],
[
"scornful",
"scornful"
],
[
"look",
"look"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figuratively) A grimace; a scornful look."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈfruːns(ə)/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "ffrownce"
},
{
"word": "fronce"
},
{
"word": "frownce"
}
],
"word": "frounce"
}
Download raw JSONL data for frounce meaning in All languages combined (13.0kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.