"froncer" meaning in All languages combined

See froncer on Wiktionary

Verb [French]

IPA: /fʁɔ̃.se/ Audio: LL-Q150 (fra)-Lepticed7-froncer.wav
Etymology: From fronce "frown, scowl" from Middle French fronce, from Old French fronces, fronche "frown, wrinkles, small creases in cloth", from Frankish *hrunkja "wrinkle" from Proto-Germanic *hrunkijō, *hrunkitō (“fold, wrinkle”), from Proto-Indo-European *sker- (“to turn, bend”). Akin to Old High German runza "fold, wrinkle, crease" (German Runzel "wrinkle"), Middle Dutch ronse "frown", Old Norse hrukka "wrinkle, crease" (Icelandic hrukka "wrinkle, crease, ruck"). More at ruck₂. Etymology templates: {{m|fr|fronce}} fronce, {{uder|fr|frm|fronce}} Middle French fronce, {{uder|fr|fro|fronces|fronces, fronche}} Old French fronces, fronche, {{der|fr|frk|*hrunkja}} Frankish *hrunkja, {{uder|fr|gem-pro|*hrunkijō}} Proto-Germanic *hrunkijō, {{m|gem-pro|*hrunkitō||fold, wrinkle}} *hrunkitō (“fold, wrinkle”), {{uder|fr|ine-pro|*sker-||to turn, bend}} Proto-Indo-European *sker- (“to turn, bend”), {{cog|goh|runza}} Old High German runza, {{cog|de|Runzel}} German Runzel, {{cog|dum|ronse|}} Middle Dutch ronse, {{cog|non|hrukka}} Old Norse hrukka, {{cog|is|hrukka}} Icelandic hrukka, {{m|en|ruck|ruck₂}} ruck₂ Head templates: {{fr-verb}} froncer Inflection templates: {{fr-conj-auto}} Forms: no-table-tags [table-tags], froncer [infinitive], avoir + past participle [infinitive, multiword-construction], fronçant [gerund, participle, present], ayant + past participle [gerund, multiword-construction, participle, present], froncé [participle, past], fronce [first-person, indicative, present, singular], fronces [indicative, present, second-person, singular], fronce [indicative, present, singular, third-person], fronçons [first-person, indicative, plural, present], froncez [indicative, plural, present, second-person], froncent [indicative, plural, present, third-person], fronçais [first-person, imperfect, indicative, singular], fronçais [imperfect, indicative, second-person, singular], fronçait [imperfect, indicative, singular, third-person], froncions [first-person, imperfect, indicative, plural], fronciez [imperfect, indicative, plural, second-person], fronçaient [imperfect, indicative, plural, third-person], fronçai [first-person, historic, indicative, past, singular], fronças [historic, indicative, past, second-person, singular], fronça [historic, indicative, past, singular, third-person], fronçâmes [first-person, historic, indicative, past, plural], fronçâtes [historic, indicative, past, plural, second-person], froncèrent [historic, indicative, past, plural, third-person], froncerai [first-person, future, indicative, singular], fronceras [future, indicative, second-person, singular], froncera [future, indicative, singular, third-person], froncerons [first-person, future, indicative, plural], froncerez [future, indicative, plural, second-person], fronceront [future, indicative, plural, third-person], froncerais [conditional, first-person, singular], froncerais [conditional, second-person, singular], froncerait [conditional, singular, third-person], froncerions [conditional, first-person, plural], fronceriez [conditional, plural, second-person], fronceraient [conditional, plural, third-person], present indicative of avoir + past participle [indicative, multiword-construction, perfect, present], imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle [indicative, multiword-construction, pluperfect], past historic of avoir + past participle [anterior, indicative, multiword-construction, past], future of avoir + past participle [future, indicative, multiword-construction, perfect], conditional of avoir + past participle [conditional, multiword-construction, perfect], fronce [first-person, present, singular, subjunctive], fronces [present, second-person, singular, subjunctive], fronce [present, singular, subjunctive, third-person], froncions [first-person, plural, present, subjunctive], fronciez [plural, present, second-person, subjunctive], froncent [plural, present, subjunctive, third-person], fronçasse [first-person, imperfect, singular, subjunctive], fronçasses [imperfect, second-person, singular, subjunctive], fronçât [imperfect, singular, subjunctive, third-person], fronçassions [first-person, imperfect, plural, subjunctive], fronçassiez [imperfect, plural, second-person, subjunctive], fronçassent [imperfect, plural, subjunctive, third-person], present subjunctive of avoir + past participle [multiword-construction, past, subjunctive], imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle [multiword-construction, pluperfect, subjunctive], fronce [imperative, second-person, singular], fronçons [first-person, imperative, plural], froncez [imperative, plural, second-person], simple imperative of avoir + past participle [imperative, multiword-construction, second-person, singular], simple imperative of avoir + past participle [first-person, imperative, multiword-construction, plural], simple imperative of avoir + past participle [imperative, multiword-construction, plural, second-person]
  1. to scowl
    Sense id: en-froncer-fr-verb-Y-5kD6UP Categories (other): French verbs with conjugation -cer Disambiguation of French verbs with conjugation -cer: 45 55
  2. (transitive) to gather (fabric) Tags: transitive
    Sense id: en-froncer-fr-verb-klBWAUPJ Categories (other): French entries with incorrect language header, French undefined derivations, French verbs with conjugation -cer Disambiguation of French entries with incorrect language header: 30 70 Disambiguation of French undefined derivations: 23 77 Disambiguation of French verbs with conjugation -cer: 45 55
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Derived forms: froncer les sourcils

Inflected forms

Download JSON data for froncer meaning in All languages combined (11.5kB)

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "froncer les sourcils"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "fronce"
      },
      "expansion": "fronce",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "frm",
        "3": "fronce"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle French fronce",
      "name": "uder"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "fronces",
        "4": "fronces, fronche"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French fronces, fronche",
      "name": "uder"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "frk",
        "3": "*hrunkja"
      },
      "expansion": "Frankish *hrunkja",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*hrunkijō"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hrunkijō",
      "name": "uder"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "*hrunkitō",
        "3": "",
        "4": "fold, wrinkle"
      },
      "expansion": "*hrunkitō (“fold, wrinkle”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*sker-",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to turn, bend"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *sker- (“to turn, bend”)",
      "name": "uder"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "goh",
        "2": "runza"
      },
      "expansion": "Old High German runza",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "Runzel"
      },
      "expansion": "German Runzel",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "dum",
        "2": "ronse",
        "3": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Dutch ronse",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "non",
        "2": "hrukka"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Norse hrukka",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "is",
        "2": "hrukka"
      },
      "expansion": "Icelandic hrukka",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ruck",
        "3": "ruck₂"
      },
      "expansion": "ruck₂",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From fronce \"frown, scowl\" from Middle French fronce, from Old French fronces, fronche \"frown, wrinkles, small creases in cloth\", from Frankish *hrunkja \"wrinkle\" from Proto-Germanic *hrunkijō, *hrunkitō (“fold, wrinkle”), from Proto-Indo-European *sker- (“to turn, bend”). Akin to Old High German runza \"fold, wrinkle, crease\" (German Runzel \"wrinkle\"), Middle Dutch ronse \"frown\", Old Norse hrukka \"wrinkle, crease\" (Icelandic hrukka \"wrinkle, crease, ruck\"). More at ruck₂.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fr-conj-auto",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "froncer",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive",
        "multiword-construction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fronçant",
      "ipa": "/fʁɔ̃.sɑ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "gerund",
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ayant + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "gerund",
        "multiword-construction",
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "froncé",
      "ipa": "/fʁɔ̃.se/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fronce",
      "ipa": "/fʁɔ̃s/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fronces",
      "ipa": "/fʁɔ̃s/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fronce",
      "ipa": "/fʁɔ̃s/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fronçons",
      "ipa": "/fʁɔ̃.sɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "froncez",
      "ipa": "/fʁɔ̃.se/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "froncent",
      "ipa": "/fʁɔ̃s/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fronçais",
      "ipa": "/fʁɔ̃.sɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fronçais",
      "ipa": "/fʁɔ̃.sɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fronçait",
      "ipa": "/fʁɔ̃.sɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "froncions",
      "ipa": "/fʁɔ̃.sjɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fronciez",
      "ipa": "/fʁɔ̃.sje/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fronçaient",
      "ipa": "/fʁɔ̃.sɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fronçai",
      "ipa": "/fʁɔ̃.se/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fronças",
      "ipa": "/fʁɔ̃.sa/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fronça",
      "ipa": "/fʁɔ̃.sa/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fronçâmes",
      "ipa": "/fʁɔ̃.sam/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fronçâtes",
      "ipa": "/fʁɔ̃.sat/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "froncèrent",
      "ipa": "/fʁɔ̃.sɛʁ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "froncerai",
      "ipa": "/fʁɔ̃.sʁe/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fronceras",
      "ipa": "/fʁɔ̃.sʁa/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "froncera",
      "ipa": "/fʁɔ̃.sʁa/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "froncerons",
      "ipa": "/fʁɔ̃.sʁɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "froncerez",
      "ipa": "/fʁɔ̃.sʁe/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fronceront",
      "ipa": "/fʁɔ̃.sʁɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "froncerais",
      "ipa": "/fʁɔ̃.sʁɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "first-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "froncerais",
      "ipa": "/fʁɔ̃.sʁɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "froncerait",
      "ipa": "/fʁɔ̃.sʁɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "froncerions",
      "ipa": "/fʁɔ̃.sə.ʁjɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "first-person",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fronceriez",
      "ipa": "/fʁɔ̃.sə.ʁje/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fronceraient",
      "ipa": "/fʁɔ̃.sʁɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "present indicative of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "pluperfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "past historic of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "anterior",
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "future of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "conditional of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fronce",
      "ipa": "/fʁɔ̃s/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fronces",
      "ipa": "/fʁɔ̃s/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fronce",
      "ipa": "/fʁɔ̃s/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "froncions",
      "ipa": "/fʁɔ̃.sjɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fronciez",
      "ipa": "/fʁɔ̃.sje/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "froncent",
      "ipa": "/fʁɔ̃s/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fronçasse",
      "ipa": "/fʁɔ̃.sas/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fronçasses",
      "ipa": "/fʁɔ̃.sas/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fronçât",
      "ipa": "/fʁɔ̃.sa/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fronçassions",
      "ipa": "/fʁɔ̃.sa.sjɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fronçassiez",
      "ipa": "/fʁɔ̃.sa.sje/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fronçassent",
      "ipa": "/fʁɔ̃.sas/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "present subjunctive of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "multiword-construction",
        "past",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "multiword-construction",
        "pluperfect",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fronce",
      "ipa": "/fʁɔ̃s/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fronçons",
      "ipa": "/fʁɔ̃.sɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "froncez",
      "ipa": "/fʁɔ̃.se/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "simple imperative of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "simple imperative of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "simple imperative of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "froncer",
      "name": "fr-verb"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "fr-conj-auto"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "French",
  "lang_code": "fr",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "45 55",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "French verbs with conjugation -cer",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to scowl"
      ],
      "id": "en-froncer-fr-verb-Y-5kD6UP",
      "links": [
        [
          "scowl",
          "scowl"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "30 70",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "French entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "23 77",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "French undefined derivations",
          "parents": [
            "Undefined derivations",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "45 55",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "French verbs with conjugation -cer",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to gather (fabric)"
      ],
      "id": "en-froncer-fr-verb-klBWAUPJ",
      "links": [
        [
          "gather",
          "gather"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive) to gather (fabric)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/fʁɔ̃.se/"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-Lepticed7-froncer.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9a/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Lepticed7-froncer.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Lepticed7-froncer.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9a/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Lepticed7-froncer.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Lepticed7-froncer.wav.ogg",
      "text": "Audio"
    }
  ],
  "word": "froncer"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "French 2-syllable words",
    "French entries with incorrect language header",
    "French first group verbs",
    "French lemmas",
    "French terms derived from Frankish",
    "French terms derived from Middle French",
    "French terms derived from Old French",
    "French terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
    "French terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "French terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "French terms with audio links",
    "French undefined derivations",
    "French verbs",
    "French verbs with conjugation -cer"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "froncer les sourcils"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "fronce"
      },
      "expansion": "fronce",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "frm",
        "3": "fronce"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle French fronce",
      "name": "uder"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "fronces",
        "4": "fronces, fronche"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French fronces, fronche",
      "name": "uder"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "frk",
        "3": "*hrunkja"
      },
      "expansion": "Frankish *hrunkja",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*hrunkijō"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hrunkijō",
      "name": "uder"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "*hrunkitō",
        "3": "",
        "4": "fold, wrinkle"
      },
      "expansion": "*hrunkitō (“fold, wrinkle”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*sker-",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to turn, bend"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *sker- (“to turn, bend”)",
      "name": "uder"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "goh",
        "2": "runza"
      },
      "expansion": "Old High German runza",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "Runzel"
      },
      "expansion": "German Runzel",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "dum",
        "2": "ronse",
        "3": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Dutch ronse",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "non",
        "2": "hrukka"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Norse hrukka",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "is",
        "2": "hrukka"
      },
      "expansion": "Icelandic hrukka",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ruck",
        "3": "ruck₂"
      },
      "expansion": "ruck₂",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From fronce \"frown, scowl\" from Middle French fronce, from Old French fronces, fronche \"frown, wrinkles, small creases in cloth\", from Frankish *hrunkja \"wrinkle\" from Proto-Germanic *hrunkijō, *hrunkitō (“fold, wrinkle”), from Proto-Indo-European *sker- (“to turn, bend”). Akin to Old High German runza \"fold, wrinkle, crease\" (German Runzel \"wrinkle\"), Middle Dutch ronse \"frown\", Old Norse hrukka \"wrinkle, crease\" (Icelandic hrukka \"wrinkle, crease, ruck\"). More at ruck₂.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fr-conj-auto",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "froncer",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive",
        "multiword-construction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fronçant",
      "ipa": "/fʁɔ̃.sɑ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "gerund",
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ayant + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "gerund",
        "multiword-construction",
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "froncé",
      "ipa": "/fʁɔ̃.se/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fronce",
      "ipa": "/fʁɔ̃s/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fronces",
      "ipa": "/fʁɔ̃s/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fronce",
      "ipa": "/fʁɔ̃s/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fronçons",
      "ipa": "/fʁɔ̃.sɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "froncez",
      "ipa": "/fʁɔ̃.se/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "froncent",
      "ipa": "/fʁɔ̃s/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fronçais",
      "ipa": "/fʁɔ̃.sɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fronçais",
      "ipa": "/fʁɔ̃.sɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fronçait",
      "ipa": "/fʁɔ̃.sɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "froncions",
      "ipa": "/fʁɔ̃.sjɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fronciez",
      "ipa": "/fʁɔ̃.sje/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fronçaient",
      "ipa": "/fʁɔ̃.sɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fronçai",
      "ipa": "/fʁɔ̃.se/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fronças",
      "ipa": "/fʁɔ̃.sa/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fronça",
      "ipa": "/fʁɔ̃.sa/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fronçâmes",
      "ipa": "/fʁɔ̃.sam/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fronçâtes",
      "ipa": "/fʁɔ̃.sat/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "froncèrent",
      "ipa": "/fʁɔ̃.sɛʁ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "historic",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "froncerai",
      "ipa": "/fʁɔ̃.sʁe/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fronceras",
      "ipa": "/fʁɔ̃.sʁa/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "froncera",
      "ipa": "/fʁɔ̃.sʁa/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "froncerons",
      "ipa": "/fʁɔ̃.sʁɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "froncerez",
      "ipa": "/fʁɔ̃.sʁe/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fronceront",
      "ipa": "/fʁɔ̃.sʁɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "froncerais",
      "ipa": "/fʁɔ̃.sʁɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "first-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "froncerais",
      "ipa": "/fʁɔ̃.sʁɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "froncerait",
      "ipa": "/fʁɔ̃.sʁɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "froncerions",
      "ipa": "/fʁɔ̃.sə.ʁjɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "first-person",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fronceriez",
      "ipa": "/fʁɔ̃.sə.ʁje/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fronceraient",
      "ipa": "/fʁɔ̃.sʁɛ/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "present indicative of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "pluperfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "past historic of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "anterior",
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "future of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "indicative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "conditional of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "multiword-construction",
        "perfect"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fronce",
      "ipa": "/fʁɔ̃s/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fronces",
      "ipa": "/fʁɔ̃s/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fronce",
      "ipa": "/fʁɔ̃s/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "froncions",
      "ipa": "/fʁɔ̃.sjɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fronciez",
      "ipa": "/fʁɔ̃.sje/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "froncent",
      "ipa": "/fʁɔ̃s/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fronçasse",
      "ipa": "/fʁɔ̃.sas/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fronçasses",
      "ipa": "/fʁɔ̃.sas/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fronçât",
      "ipa": "/fʁɔ̃.sa/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fronçassions",
      "ipa": "/fʁɔ̃.sa.sjɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fronçassiez",
      "ipa": "/fʁɔ̃.sa.sje/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fronçassent",
      "ipa": "/fʁɔ̃.sas/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfect",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "present subjunctive of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "multiword-construction",
        "past",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "multiword-construction",
        "pluperfect",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fronce",
      "ipa": "/fʁɔ̃s/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fronçons",
      "ipa": "/fʁɔ̃.sɔ̃/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "froncez",
      "ipa": "/fʁɔ̃.se/",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "simple imperative of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "simple imperative of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "simple imperative of avoir + past participle",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "multiword-construction",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "froncer",
      "name": "fr-verb"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "fr-conj-auto"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "French",
  "lang_code": "fr",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to scowl"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "scowl",
          "scowl"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "French transitive verbs"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to gather (fabric)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "gather",
          "gather"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive) to gather (fabric)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/fʁɔ̃.se/"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-Lepticed7-froncer.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9a/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Lepticed7-froncer.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Lepticed7-froncer.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9a/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Lepticed7-froncer.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Lepticed7-froncer.wav.ogg",
      "text": "Audio"
    }
  ],
  "word": "froncer"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.