See fortis on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "fortis",
"t": "strong"
},
"expansion": "Learned borrowing from Latin fortis (“strong”)",
"name": "lbor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fort",
"3": "forte"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of fort and forte",
"name": "dbt"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Learned borrowing from Latin fortis (“strong”). Doublet of fort and forte.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "fortis (not comparable)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "lenis"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Phonetics",
"orig": "en:Phonetics",
"parents": [
"Linguistics",
"Language",
"Social sciences",
"Communication",
"Sciences",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "49 51",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "fortition"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
80,
86
]
],
"ref": "2004, Stephan Gramley, Michael Pätzold, A Survey of Modern English, Routledge, →ISBN, page 80:",
"text": "All vowels, whether short or complex, are relatively shorter when followed by a fortis consonant and relatively longer when followed by a lenis one or, for those where this is possible, when no consonant follows (in free or unchecked syllables).",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Strongly articulated, hence voiceless."
],
"id": "en-fortis-en-adj-uBe~1Peo",
"links": [
[
"phonetics",
"phonetics"
],
[
"consonant",
"consonant"
],
[
"voiceless",
"voiceless"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(phonetics, of a consonant) Strongly articulated, hence voiceless."
],
"raw_tags": [
"of a consonant"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "tense"
}
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable"
],
"topics": [
"human-sciences",
"linguistics",
"phonetics",
"phonology",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈfɔː(ɹ)tɪs/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-fortis.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/11/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-fortis.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-fortis.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/11/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-fortis.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-fortis.wav.ogg"
}
],
"word": "fortis"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "fortis",
"t": "strong"
},
"expansion": "Learned borrowing from Latin fortis (“strong”)",
"name": "lbor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fort",
"3": "forte"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of fort and forte",
"name": "dbt"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Learned borrowing from Latin fortis (“strong”). Doublet of fort and forte.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "fortes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fortes"
},
"expansion": "fortis (plural fortes)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Phonetics",
"orig": "en:Phonetics",
"parents": [
"Linguistics",
"Language",
"Social sciences",
"Communication",
"Sciences",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "49 51",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "pre-fortis"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A fortis consonant."
],
"id": "en-fortis-en-noun-yCIcx-rW",
"links": [
[
"phonetics",
"phonetics"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(phonetics) A fortis consonant."
],
"related": [
{
"word": "aqua fortis"
}
],
"topics": [
"human-sciences",
"linguistics",
"phonetics",
"phonology",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈfɔː(ɹ)tɪs/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-fortis.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/11/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-fortis.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-fortis.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/11/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-fortis.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-fortis.wav.ogg"
}
],
"word": "fortis"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "ā fortiōrī"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "forticulus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "fortificātiō"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "fortificō"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "fortiter"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "fortitūdō"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "an",
"2": "fuerte"
},
"expansion": "Aragonese: fuerte",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Aragonese: fuerte"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ast",
"2": "fuerte",
"3": "fuorte",
"4": "forte"
},
"expansion": "Asturian: fuerte, fuorte, forte",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Asturian: fuerte, fuorte, forte"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "eu",
"2": "bortizki"
},
"expansion": "Basque: bortizki",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Basque: bortizki"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "fort"
},
"expansion": "Catalan: fort",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Catalan: fort"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dlm",
"2": "fuart"
},
"expansion": "Dalmatian: fuart",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dalmatian: fuart"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frp",
"2": "fôrt"
},
"expansion": "Franco-Provençal: fôrt",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Franco-Provençal: fôrt"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "fort"
},
"expansion": "French: fort",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "French: fort"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fort",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: fort",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: fort"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fur",
"2": "fuart"
},
"expansion": "Friulian: fuart",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Friulian: fuart"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "forte"
},
"expansion": "Italian: forte",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Italian: forte"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "forte",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: forte",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: forte"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc",
"2": "fòrt"
},
"expansion": "Occitan: fòrt",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Occitan: fòrt"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "roa-opt",
"2": "forte"
},
"expansion": "Old Galician-Portuguese: forte\nFala: forti\nGalician: forte\nPortuguese: forte",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Galician-Portuguese: forte\nFala: forti\nGalician: forte\nPortuguese: forte"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "foarte"
},
"expansion": "Romanian: foarte",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Romanian: foarte"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sc",
"2": "folte",
"3": "forte",
"4": "forti"
},
"expansion": "Sardinian: folte, forte, forti",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sardinian: folte, forte, forti"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "scn",
"2": "forti"
},
"expansion": "Sicilian: forti",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sicilian: forti"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "fuerte"
},
"expansion": "Spanish: fuerte",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Spanish: fuerte"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Borrowings:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "fortë",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Albanian: fortë",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Albanian: fortë"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "eu",
"2": "bortitz",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Basque: bortitz",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Basque: bortitz"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fortis",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: fortis",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: fortis"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "fortiori",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Norwegian Bokmål: fortiori",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Norwegian Bokmål: fortiori"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰerǵʰ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*forktis"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *forktis",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰerǵʰ-",
"t": "to rise, high, hill"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰerǵʰ- (“to rise, high, hill”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dʰerǵʰ-",
"t": "to bind fast, to be firm, strong"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dʰerǵʰ- (“to bind fast, to be firm, strong”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Latin forctis, from Proto-Italic *forktis, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰerǵʰ- (“to rise, high, hill”) (> Proto-Indo-European *bʰérǵʰ-ti-s) or Proto-Indo-European *dʰerǵʰ- (“to bind fast, to be firm, strong”); in the latter case, an earlier Proto-Italic form of the word *θorktis can be reconstructed.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "forte",
"tags": [
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "fortior",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "fortissimus",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "fortiter",
"tags": [
"adverb"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-adecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "fortis",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "forte",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fortēs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fortia",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fortis",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fortium",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"masculine",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "fortī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fortibus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "fortem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "forte",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fortēs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fortīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fortia",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fortī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fortibus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "fortis",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "forte",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "fortēs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "fortia",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "forctis",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "forctus",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fortis",
"adv": "fortiter",
"comp": "fortior",
"sup": "fortissimus"
},
"expansion": "fortis (neuter forte, comparative fortior, superlative fortissimus, adverb fortiter); third-declension two-termination adjective",
"name": "la-adj"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fortis"
},
"name": "la-adecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "dēbilis"
},
{
"word": "languidus"
},
{
"word": "aeger"
},
{
"word": "fractus"
},
{
"word": "īnfirmus"
},
{
"word": "tenuis"
},
{
"word": "obnoxius"
},
{
"word": "inops"
}
],
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
10,
16
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
5,
11
]
],
"english": "He was so strong that he could cut down trees with his fist.",
"text": "Adeō fortis erat ut arborēs pugnō excīderet.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"strong, powerful"
],
"id": "en-fortis-la-adj-32xCh9bM",
"links": [
[
"strong",
"strong"
],
[
"powerful",
"powerful"
]
],
"qualifier": "physically",
"raw_glosses": [
"(physically) strong, powerful"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "praevalēns"
},
{
"word": "potis"
},
{
"word": "potēns"
},
{
"word": "validus"
},
{
"word": "strēnuus"
},
{
"word": "ingēns"
},
{
"word": "firmus"
},
{
"word": "compos"
}
],
"tags": [
"declension-3",
"two-termination"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"firm, resolute, steadfast, stout"
],
"id": "en-fortis-la-adj-hTE5bEwF",
"links": [
[
"firm",
"firm"
],
[
"resolute",
"resolute"
],
[
"steadfast",
"steadfast"
],
[
"stout",
"stout"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figuratively) firm, resolute, steadfast, stout"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "fīxus"
},
{
"word": "tenāx"
},
{
"word": "inexōrābilis"
},
{
"word": "obstinātus"
}
],
"tags": [
"declension-3",
"figuratively",
"two-termination"
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "imbēcillus"
}
],
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Every land is home to the brave, as to fishes the sea,\nas to birds for every void whatsoever in the open world.",
"ref": "8 CE, Ovid, Fasti 1.493–494",
"roman": "ut volucrī, vacuō quicquid in orbe patet.",
"text": "omne solum fortī patria est, ut piscibus aequor,"
}
],
"glosses": [
"courageous, brave"
],
"id": "en-fortis-la-adj-C3~HhQYA",
"links": [
[
"courageous",
"courageous"
],
[
"brave",
"brave"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figuratively) courageous, brave"
],
"tags": [
"declension-3",
"figuratively",
"two-termination"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "25 19 1 5 0 33 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 17 1 4 0 39 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 13 1 54 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 19 9 60",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin third declension adjectives of two terminations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"manly, mannish (answering to the Greek ἀνδρεῖος)"
],
"id": "en-fortis-la-adj-D1NRbfp1",
"links": [
[
"manly",
"manly"
],
[
"mannish",
"mannish"
],
[
"ἀνδρεῖος",
"ἀνδρεῖος#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figuratively) manly, mannish (answering to the Greek ἀνδρεῖος)"
],
"tags": [
"declension-3",
"figuratively",
"two-termination"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈfor.tis/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈfɔrt̪ɪs̠]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈfor.tis/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈfɔrt̪is]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "fortis"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"name": "nonlemma"
}
],
"etymology_text": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "noun form"
},
"expansion": "fortis",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "fors"
}
],
"glosses": [
"genitive singular of fors"
],
"id": "en-fortis-la-noun-ssW5CG7o",
"links": [
[
"fors",
"fors#Latin"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
}
],
"word": "fortis"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "fors"
},
"expansion": "Latin: fors",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: fors"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pgn",
"2": "forte",
"pos": "gen. sg.",
"qq": "if not borrowed from Latin"
},
"expansion": "Paelignian: forte (gen. sg.) (if not borrowed from Latin)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Paelignian: forte (gen. sg.) (if not borrowed from Latin)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰer-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰértis"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰértis",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*buriz",
"3": "",
"4": "favorable wind",
"id": "wind"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *buriz (“favorable wind”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *bʰértis, with semantic shift from \"load\" > \"chance, luck\". For the semantic development, compare Proto-Germanic *buriz (“favorable wind”), from the same root.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "fortis",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fortēs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fortis",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "fortēs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "fortim",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fortins",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "forteis",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fortjom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fortei",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fortiβos",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fortīd",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fortiβos",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fortei",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fortiβos",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "noun",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "*fortis f",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Italic",
"lang_code": "itc-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/fortis",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Italic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"luck, chance"
],
"id": "en-fortis-itc-pro-noun-81~xVrEt",
"links": [
[
"luck",
"luck"
],
[
"chance",
"chance"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "fortis"
}
{
"categories": [
"English adjectives",
"English countable nouns",
"English doublets",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English learned borrowings from Latin",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English nouns with irregular plurals",
"English terms borrowed from Latin",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English unadapted borrowings from Latin",
"English uncomparable adjectives",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "fortition"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "fortis",
"t": "strong"
},
"expansion": "Learned borrowing from Latin fortis (“strong”)",
"name": "lbor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fort",
"3": "forte"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of fort and forte",
"name": "dbt"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Learned borrowing from Latin fortis (“strong”). Doublet of fort and forte.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "fortis (not comparable)",
"name": "en-adj"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "lenis"
}
],
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"en:Phonetics"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
80,
86
]
],
"ref": "2004, Stephan Gramley, Michael Pätzold, A Survey of Modern English, Routledge, →ISBN, page 80:",
"text": "All vowels, whether short or complex, are relatively shorter when followed by a fortis consonant and relatively longer when followed by a lenis one or, for those where this is possible, when no consonant follows (in free or unchecked syllables).",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Strongly articulated, hence voiceless."
],
"links": [
[
"phonetics",
"phonetics"
],
[
"consonant",
"consonant"
],
[
"voiceless",
"voiceless"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(phonetics, of a consonant) Strongly articulated, hence voiceless."
],
"raw_tags": [
"of a consonant"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "tense"
}
],
"tags": [
"not-comparable"
],
"topics": [
"human-sciences",
"linguistics",
"phonetics",
"phonology",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈfɔː(ɹ)tɪs/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-fortis.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/11/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-fortis.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-fortis.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/11/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-fortis.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-fortis.wav.ogg"
}
],
"word": "fortis"
}
{
"categories": [
"English adjectives",
"English countable nouns",
"English doublets",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English learned borrowings from Latin",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English nouns with irregular plurals",
"English terms borrowed from Latin",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English unadapted borrowings from Latin",
"English uncomparable adjectives",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "pre-fortis"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "fortis",
"t": "strong"
},
"expansion": "Learned borrowing from Latin fortis (“strong”)",
"name": "lbor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fort",
"3": "forte"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of fort and forte",
"name": "dbt"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Learned borrowing from Latin fortis (“strong”). Doublet of fort and forte.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "fortes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fortes"
},
"expansion": "fortis (plural fortes)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "aqua fortis"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"en:Phonetics"
],
"glosses": [
"A fortis consonant."
],
"links": [
[
"phonetics",
"phonetics"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(phonetics) A fortis consonant."
],
"topics": [
"human-sciences",
"linguistics",
"phonetics",
"phonology",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈfɔː(ɹ)tɪs/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Flame, not lame-fortis.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/11/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-fortis.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-fortis.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/11/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-fortis.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Flame%2C_not_lame-fortis.wav.ogg"
}
],
"word": "fortis"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latin 2-syllable words",
"Latin adjectives",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin non-lemma forms",
"Latin noun forms",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"Latin terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰerǵʰ-",
"Latin terms inherited from Proto-Italic",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Latin third declension adjectives",
"Latin third declension adjectives of two terminations",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "ā fortiōrī"
},
{
"word": "forticulus"
},
{
"word": "fortificātiō"
},
{
"word": "fortificō"
},
{
"word": "fortiter"
},
{
"word": "fortitūdō"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "an",
"2": "fuerte"
},
"expansion": "Aragonese: fuerte",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Aragonese: fuerte"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ast",
"2": "fuerte",
"3": "fuorte",
"4": "forte"
},
"expansion": "Asturian: fuerte, fuorte, forte",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Asturian: fuerte, fuorte, forte"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "eu",
"2": "bortizki"
},
"expansion": "Basque: bortizki",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Basque: bortizki"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "fort"
},
"expansion": "Catalan: fort",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Catalan: fort"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dlm",
"2": "fuart"
},
"expansion": "Dalmatian: fuart",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dalmatian: fuart"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frp",
"2": "fôrt"
},
"expansion": "Franco-Provençal: fôrt",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Franco-Provençal: fôrt"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "fort"
},
"expansion": "French: fort",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "French: fort"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fort",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: fort",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: fort"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fur",
"2": "fuart"
},
"expansion": "Friulian: fuart",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Friulian: fuart"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "forte"
},
"expansion": "Italian: forte",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Italian: forte"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "forte",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: forte",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: forte"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc",
"2": "fòrt"
},
"expansion": "Occitan: fòrt",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Occitan: fòrt"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "roa-opt",
"2": "forte"
},
"expansion": "Old Galician-Portuguese: forte\nFala: forti\nGalician: forte\nPortuguese: forte",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Galician-Portuguese: forte\nFala: forti\nGalician: forte\nPortuguese: forte"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "foarte"
},
"expansion": "Romanian: foarte",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Romanian: foarte"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sc",
"2": "folte",
"3": "forte",
"4": "forti"
},
"expansion": "Sardinian: folte, forte, forti",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sardinian: folte, forte, forti"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "scn",
"2": "forti"
},
"expansion": "Sicilian: forti",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sicilian: forti"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "fuerte"
},
"expansion": "Spanish: fuerte",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Spanish: fuerte"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Borrowings:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "fortë",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Albanian: fortë",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Albanian: fortë"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "eu",
"2": "bortitz",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Basque: bortitz",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Basque: bortitz"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fortis",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: fortis",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: fortis"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "fortiori",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Norwegian Bokmål: fortiori",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Norwegian Bokmål: fortiori"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰerǵʰ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*forktis"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *forktis",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰerǵʰ-",
"t": "to rise, high, hill"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰerǵʰ- (“to rise, high, hill”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dʰerǵʰ-",
"t": "to bind fast, to be firm, strong"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dʰerǵʰ- (“to bind fast, to be firm, strong”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Latin forctis, from Proto-Italic *forktis, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰerǵʰ- (“to rise, high, hill”) (> Proto-Indo-European *bʰérǵʰ-ti-s) or Proto-Indo-European *dʰerǵʰ- (“to bind fast, to be firm, strong”); in the latter case, an earlier Proto-Italic form of the word *θorktis can be reconstructed.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "forte",
"tags": [
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "fortior",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "fortissimus",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "fortiter",
"tags": [
"adverb"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-adecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "fortis",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "forte",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fortēs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fortia",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fortis",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fortium",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"masculine",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "fortī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fortibus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "fortem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "forte",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fortēs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fortīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fortia",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fortī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fortibus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "fortis",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "forte",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "fortēs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "fortia",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "forctis",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "forctus",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fortis",
"adv": "fortiter",
"comp": "fortior",
"sup": "fortissimus"
},
"expansion": "fortis (neuter forte, comparative fortior, superlative fortissimus, adverb fortiter); third-declension two-termination adjective",
"name": "la-adj"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fortis"
},
"name": "la-adecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "dēbilis"
},
{
"word": "languidus"
},
{
"word": "aeger"
},
{
"word": "fractus"
},
{
"word": "īnfirmus"
},
{
"word": "tenuis"
},
{
"word": "obnoxius"
},
{
"word": "inops"
}
],
"categories": [
"Latin terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
10,
16
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
5,
11
]
],
"english": "He was so strong that he could cut down trees with his fist.",
"text": "Adeō fortis erat ut arborēs pugnō excīderet.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"strong, powerful"
],
"links": [
[
"strong",
"strong"
],
[
"powerful",
"powerful"
]
],
"qualifier": "physically",
"raw_glosses": [
"(physically) strong, powerful"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "praevalēns"
},
{
"word": "potis"
},
{
"word": "potēns"
},
{
"word": "validus"
},
{
"word": "strēnuus"
},
{
"word": "ingēns"
},
{
"word": "firmus"
},
{
"word": "compos"
}
],
"tags": [
"declension-3",
"two-termination"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"firm, resolute, steadfast, stout"
],
"links": [
[
"firm",
"firm"
],
[
"resolute",
"resolute"
],
[
"steadfast",
"steadfast"
],
[
"stout",
"stout"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figuratively) firm, resolute, steadfast, stout"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "fīxus"
},
{
"word": "tenāx"
},
{
"word": "inexōrābilis"
},
{
"word": "obstinātus"
}
],
"tags": [
"declension-3",
"figuratively",
"two-termination"
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "imbēcillus"
}
],
"categories": [
"Latin terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Every land is home to the brave, as to fishes the sea,\nas to birds for every void whatsoever in the open world.",
"ref": "8 CE, Ovid, Fasti 1.493–494",
"roman": "ut volucrī, vacuō quicquid in orbe patet.",
"text": "omne solum fortī patria est, ut piscibus aequor,"
}
],
"glosses": [
"courageous, brave"
],
"links": [
[
"courageous",
"courageous"
],
[
"brave",
"brave"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figuratively) courageous, brave"
],
"tags": [
"declension-3",
"figuratively",
"two-termination"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"manly, mannish (answering to the Greek ἀνδρεῖος)"
],
"links": [
[
"manly",
"manly"
],
[
"mannish",
"mannish"
],
[
"ἀνδρεῖος",
"ἀνδρεῖος#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figuratively) manly, mannish (answering to the Greek ἀνδρεῖος)"
],
"tags": [
"declension-3",
"figuratively",
"two-termination"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈfor.tis/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈfɔrt̪ɪs̠]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈfor.tis/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈfɔrt̪is]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "fortis"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin non-lemma forms",
"Latin noun forms",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"name": "nonlemma"
}
],
"etymology_text": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "noun form"
},
"expansion": "fortis",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "fors"
}
],
"glosses": [
"genitive singular of fors"
],
"links": [
[
"fors",
"fors#Latin"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
}
],
"word": "fortis"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "fors"
},
"expansion": "Latin: fors",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: fors"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pgn",
"2": "forte",
"pos": "gen. sg.",
"qq": "if not borrowed from Latin"
},
"expansion": "Paelignian: forte (gen. sg.) (if not borrowed from Latin)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Paelignian: forte (gen. sg.) (if not borrowed from Latin)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰer-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰértis"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰértis",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*buriz",
"3": "",
"4": "favorable wind",
"id": "wind"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *buriz (“favorable wind”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *bʰértis, with semantic shift from \"load\" > \"chance, luck\". For the semantic development, compare Proto-Germanic *buriz (“favorable wind”), from the same root.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "fortis",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fortēs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fortis",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "fortēs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "fortim",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fortins",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "forteis",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fortjom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fortei",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fortiβos",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fortīd",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fortiβos",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fortei",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fortiβos",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "noun",
"g": "f"
},
"expansion": "*fortis f",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Italic",
"lang_code": "itc-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/fortis",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Italic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Italic feminine nouns",
"Proto-Italic i-stem nouns",
"Proto-Italic lemmas",
"Proto-Italic nouns",
"Proto-Italic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Italic terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰer-",
"Proto-Italic terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European"
],
"glosses": [
"luck, chance"
],
"links": [
[
"luck",
"luck"
],
[
"chance",
"chance"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "fortis"
}
Download raw JSONL data for fortis meaning in All languages combined (18.0kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-04-10 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-04-03 using wiktextract (74c5344 and fb63907). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.