See foe on Wiktionary
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"ref": ", vol.1, ch.23",
"text": "he, I say, could passe into Affrike onely with two simple ships or small barkes, to commit himselfe in a strange and foe countrie, to engage his person, under the power of a barbarous King […]."
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11,
15
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"ref": "1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Matthew 10:36:",
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"text": "Even without hovering drones, a lurking assassin, a thumping score and a denouement, the real-life story of Edward Snowden, a rogue spy on the run, could be straight out of the cinema. But, as with Hollywood, the subplots and exotic locations may distract from the real message: America’s discomfort and its foes’ glee.",
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
"args": {
"1": "ceb",
"2": "bugsáy"
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"expansion": "Cebuano bugsáy",
"name": "cog"
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],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Polynesian *fohe (compare with Maori hoe, Tongan fohe), from Proto-Central Pacific *voce (compare with Fijian voce), from Proto-Oceanic *pose, from Proto-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian *boʀse, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bəʀsay (“canoe paddle”) (compare with Pangutaran Sama busay, Kelabit besai, Central Dusun bosi, Cebuano bugsáy).",
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{
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{
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{
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"English terms derived from Old English",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *peyḱ- (hostile)",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms inherited from Old English",
"English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"English terms with homophones",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/əʊ",
"Rhymes:English/əʊ/1 syllable",
"Terms with Danish translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"en:People",
"en:Units of energy"
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{
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{
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{
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{
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"3": "",
"4": "evil"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian pi̇̀ktas (“evil”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
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"ref": ", vol.1, ch.23",
"text": "he, I say, could passe into Affrike onely with two simple ships or small barkes, to commit himselfe in a strange and foe countrie, to engage his person, under the power of a barbarous King […]."
}
],
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"(obsolete) Hostile."
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"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
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{
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{
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{
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{
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"lang_code": "da",
"sense": "hostile",
"word": "fjendtlig"
},
{
"code": "de",
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"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "hostile",
"word": "gegnerisch"
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{
"code": "de",
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"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "hostile",
"word": "feindlich"
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{
"code": "hu",
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"sense": "hostile",
"word": "ellenséges"
},
{
"code": "es",
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"word": "rival"
},
{
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"lang_code": "es",
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"word": "ally"
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{
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"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Hungarian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
"word": "foesome"
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{
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"3": "",
"4": "evil"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian pi̇̀ktas (“evil”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
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"tags": [
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}
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11,
15
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"text": "And a mans foes ſhalbe they of his owne houſhold.",
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313
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"ref": "2013 June 29, “Travels and travails”, in The Economist, volume 407, number 8842, page 55:",
"text": "Even without hovering drones, a lurking assassin, a thumping score and a denouement, the real-life story of Edward Snowden, a rogue spy on the run, could be straight out of the cinema. But, as with Hollywood, the subplots and exotic locations may distract from the real message: America’s discomfort and its foes’ glee.",
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{
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{
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{
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],
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"ipa": "/fəʊ/",
"tags": [
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"tags": [
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},
{
"form": "foh",
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}
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"1": "gul",
"2": "adverb"
},
"expansion": "foe",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Gullah",
"lang_code": "gul",
"pos": "adv",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "'fo'"
}
],
"glosses": [
"variant of 'fo'"
],
"links": [
[
"'fo'",
"'fo'"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/foː/"
}
],
"word": "foe"
}
{
"categories": [
"Gullah entries with incorrect language header",
"Gullah lemmas",
"Gullah prepositions",
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_text": "See fuh.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gul",
"2": "preposition"
},
"expansion": "foe",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Gullah",
"lang_code": "gul",
"pos": "prep",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "fuh"
}
],
"glosses": [
"variant of fuh"
],
"links": [
[
"fuh",
"fuh"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/foː/"
}
],
"word": "foe"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "noun",
"altform": "1"
},
"expansion": "foe",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "fo"
}
],
"categories": [
"Middle English alternative forms",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"alternative form of fo"
],
"links": [
[
"fo",
"fo#Middle_English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "foe"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "foe",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "foi"
}
],
"categories": [
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Portuguese entries with incorrect language header",
"Portuguese non-lemma forms",
"Portuguese obsolete forms",
"Portuguese verb forms"
],
"glosses": [
"obsolete spelling of foi"
],
"links": [
[
"foi",
"foi#Portuguese"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"word": "foe"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 7 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Samoan entries with incorrect language header",
"Samoan lemmas",
"Samoan nouns",
"Samoan terms derived from Proto-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian",
"Samoan terms derived from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian",
"Samoan terms derived from Proto-Oceanic",
"Samoan terms derived from Proto-Polynesian",
"Samoan terms inherited from Proto-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian",
"Samoan terms inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian",
"Samoan terms inherited from Proto-Oceanic",
"Samoan terms inherited from Proto-Polynesian"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sm",
"2": "poz-pol-pro",
"3": "*fohe"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Polynesian *fohe",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mi",
"2": "hoe"
},
"expansion": "Maori hoe",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "to",
"2": "fohe"
},
"expansion": "Tongan fohe",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fj",
"2": "voce"
},
"expansion": "Fijian voce",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sm",
"2": "poz-oce-pro",
"3": "*pose"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Oceanic *pose",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sm",
"2": "pqe-pro",
"3": "*boʀse"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian *boʀse",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sm",
"2": "poz-pro",
"3": "*bəʀsay",
"4": "",
"5": "canoe paddle"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bəʀsay (“canoe paddle”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "slm",
"2": "busay"
},
"expansion": "Pangutaran Sama busay",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kzi",
"2": "besai"
},
"expansion": "Kelabit besai",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dtp",
"2": "bosi"
},
"expansion": "Central Dusun bosi",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ceb",
"2": "bugsáy"
},
"expansion": "Cebuano bugsáy",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Polynesian *fohe (compare with Maori hoe, Tongan fohe), from Proto-Central Pacific *voce (compare with Fijian voce), from Proto-Oceanic *pose, from Proto-Eastern Malayo-Polynesian *boʀse, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bəʀsay (“canoe paddle”) (compare with Pangutaran Sama busay, Kelabit besai, Central Dusun bosi, Cebuano bugsáy).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sm",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "foe",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Samoan",
"lang_code": "sm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"oar"
],
"links": [
[
"oar",
"oar"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"paddle"
],
"links": [
[
"paddle",
"paddle"
]
]
}
],
"word": "foe"
}
Download raw JSONL data for foe meaning in All languages combined (17.3kB)
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1089",
"msg": "suspicious unhandled suffix in English: 'identification friend or foe', originally 'identification friend or foe'",
"path": [
"foe"
],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "foe",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-12-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-12-02 using wiktextract (e2469cc and 9905b1f). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.