See feudalism on Wiktionary
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"text": "The re-emergence of empire was thwarted by immense topographical variety, coastal confolutions, and wide-openness to the east, which made Christendom difficult to organize and defend as a whole from Viking, barbarian and Islamic attacks round its perimeter; by natural temperateness, which rendered large-scale disasters needing widespread rescue of populations rare (Jones 1981); and by the very devolved political system represented by feudalism, which encouraged the fissipation of whatever larger units did develop.",
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{
"ref": "2003, Ian Douglas, Richard John Hugget, Companion Encyclopedia of Geography, page 212:",
"text": "The re-emergence of empire was thwarted by immense topographical variety, coastal confolutions, and wide-openness to the east, which made Christendom difficult to organize and defend as a whole from Viking, barbarian and Islamic attacks round its perimeter; by natural temperateness, which rendered large-scale disasters needing widespread rescue of populations rare (Jones 1981); and by the very devolved political system represented by feudalism, which encouraged the fissipation of whatever larger units did develop.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A social system based on personal ownership of resources and personal fealty between a suzerain (lord) and a vassal (subject). Defining characteristics are direct ownership of resources, personal loyalty, and a hierarchical social structure reinforced by religion."
],
"links": [
[
"fealty",
"fealty"
],
[
"suzerain",
"suzerain"
],
[
"vassal",
"vassal"
],
[
"hierarchical",
"hierarchical"
],
[
"religion",
"religion"
]
],
"tags": [
"countable",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈfju.də.lɪ.zəm/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈfju.də.lɪ.zm̩]"
},
{
"audio": "En-us-feudalism.oga",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/2e/En-us-feudalism.oga/En-us-feudalism.oga.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2e/En-us-feudalism.oga"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "ar",
"lang": "Arabic",
"roman": "ʔiqṭāʕiyya",
"sense": "social system",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "إِقْطَاعِيَّة"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "feodalizm",
"sense": "social system",
"word": "ֆեոդալիզմ"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "avatatirutʻyun",
"sense": "social system",
"word": "ավատատիրություն"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "social system",
"word": "feodalizm"
},
{
"code": "ba",
"lang": "Bashkir",
"roman": "feodalizm",
"sense": "social system",
"word": "феодализм"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "social system",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "feudalisme"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "fēngjiàn zhìdù",
"sense": "social system",
"word": "封建制度"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "social system",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "feudalismus"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "social system",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "feudalisme"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "social system",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "lenssystem"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "social system",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "feodalisme"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "social system",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "leenstelsel"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "social system",
"word": "feŭdismo"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "social system",
"word": "feodalismi"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "social system",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "féodalisme"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "peodalizmi",
"sense": "social system",
"word": "ფეოდალიზმი"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "social system",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Feudalismus"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "feoudarchía",
"sense": "social system",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "φεουδαρχία"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "douloparoikía",
"sense": "social system",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "δουλοπαροικία"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "social system",
"word": "feudalizmus"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "social system",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "lénsskipulag"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "social system",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "lénskerfi"
},
{
"code": "is",
"lang": "Icelandic",
"sense": "social system",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "lénsveldi"
},
{
"code": "id",
"lang": "Indonesian",
"sense": "social system",
"word": "feodalisme"
},
{
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "hōken seido",
"sense": "social system",
"word": "封建制度"
},
{
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "feodalizm",
"sense": "social system",
"word": "феодализм"
},
{
"alt": "封建制度",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "bonggeonjedo",
"sense": "social system",
"word": "봉건제도"
},
{
"code": "la",
"lang": "Latin",
"sense": "social system",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "feudalismus"
},
{
"code": "mk",
"lang": "Macedonian",
"roman": "feudalízam",
"sense": "social system",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "феудали́зам"
},
{
"code": "ms",
"lang": "Malay",
"sense": "social system",
"word": "feudalisme"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "social system",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "føydalisme"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "social system",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "føydalisme"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"sense": "social system",
"word": "فئودالیسم"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "social system",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "feudalizm"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "social system",
"word": "feudalismo"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "social system",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "feudalism"
},
{
"code": "ro",
"lang": "Romanian",
"sense": "social system",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "orânduire feudală"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "feodalízm",
"sense": "social system",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "феодали́зм"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "feodálʹnyj stroj",
"sense": "social system",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "феода́льный строй"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "social system",
"tags": [
"Cyrillic",
"masculine"
],
"word": "феудалѝзам"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "social system",
"tags": [
"Roman",
"masculine"
],
"word": "feudalìzam"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "social system",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "feudalizmus"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "social system",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "feudalismo"
},
{
"code": "sw",
"lang": "Swahili",
"sense": "social system",
"word": "ukabaila"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "social system",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "feodalism"
},
{
"code": "tl",
"lang": "Tagalog",
"sense": "social system",
"word": "pagkamalaalipin"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "social system",
"word": "feodalizm"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "social system",
"word": "feodalite"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "social system",
"word": "derebeylik"
},
{
"code": "vi",
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"sense": "social system",
"word": "chế độ phong kiến"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "social system",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ffiwdaliaeth"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "social system",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "trefn ffiwdal"
}
],
"word": "feudalism"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "it",
"3": "feudalismo"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Italian feudalismo",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "fr",
"3": "féodalisme"
},
"expansion": "French féodalisme",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "feudal",
"3": "ism"
},
"expansion": "feudal + -ism",
"name": "suffix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Italian feudalismo, French féodalisme. Equivalent to feudal + -ism.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "n",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "feudalism n (uncountable)",
"name": "ro-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Romanian entries with incorrect language header",
"Romanian lemmas",
"Romanian neuter nouns",
"Romanian nouns",
"Romanian terms borrowed from French",
"Romanian terms borrowed from Italian",
"Romanian terms derived from French",
"Romanian terms derived from Italian",
"Romanian terms suffixed with -ism",
"Romanian uncountable nouns"
],
"glosses": [
"feudalism"
],
"links": [
[
"feudalism",
"feudalism#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/fe.u.da.ˈlism/"
}
],
"word": "feudalism"
}
Download raw JSONL data for feudalism meaning in All languages combined (11.1kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-10 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-01 using wiktextract (df33d17 and 4ed51a5). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.