"envious" meaning in All languages combined

See envious on Wiktionary

Adjective [English]

IPA: /ˈɛnviːəs/ Audio: En-uk-envious.ogg [UK], LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vininn126-envious.wav [US] Forms: more envious [comparative], most envious [superlative]
enPR: ĕnʹvēəs Etymology: From Middle English envious, from Anglo-Norman envious, from Old French envieus, envious (modern French envieux), from Latin invidiōsus; more at envy. Doublet of invidious, borrowed directly from Latin. Displaced native Old English æfestiġ. Etymology templates: {{root|en|ine-pro|*weyd-}}, {{inh|en|enm|envious}} Middle English envious, {{der|en|xno|envious}} Anglo-Norman envious, {{der|en|fro|envieus}} Old French envieus, {{m|fro|envious}} envious, {{cog|fr|envieux}} French envieux, {{der|en|la|invidiōsus}} Latin invidiōsus, {{l|en|envy}} envy, {{doublet|en|invidious}} Doublet of invidious, {{noncog|ang|æfestiġ}} Old English æfestiġ Head templates: {{en-adj}} envious (comparative more envious, superlative most envious)
  1. Feeling or exhibiting envy; jealously desiring the excellence or good fortune of another; maliciously grudging Categories (topical): Emotions Translations (feeling or exhibiting envy): φθονερός (phthonerós) (Ancient Greek), حَسُود (ḥasūd) (Arabic), حسود (ḥasūd) [Egyptian-Arabic] (Arabic), حاسد (ḥāsed) [South-Levantine-Arabic] (Arabic), غيران (ḡērān) [South-Levantine-Arabic] (Arabic), նախանձոտ (naxanjot) (Armenian), նախանձ (naxanj) (Armenian), paxıl (Azerbaijani), зайздро́сны (zajzdrósny) (Belarusian), заві́сны (zavísny) (Belarusian), зави́стлив (zavístliv) (Bulgarian), envejós (Catalan), suyaon (Cebuano), 嫉妒的 (jídù de) (Chinese Mandarin), závistivý [masculine] (Czech), misundelig (Danish), jaloers (Dutch), nijdig (Dutch), kade (Estonian), øvundsjúkur (Faroese), kateellinen (Finnish), kade (Finnish), envieux (French), envexoso [masculine] (Galician), შურიანი (šuriani) (Georgian), neidisch (German), neidvoll (German), ζηλόφθονος (zilófthonos) [masculine] (Greek), ζηλιάρης (ziliáris) [masculine] (Greek), irigy (Hungarian), irigykedő (Hungarian), iri (Indonesian), éadmhar (Irish), invidioso (Italian), 嫉妬深い (shitto bukai) (alt: しっとぶかい) (Japanese), қызғаншақ (qyzğanşaq) (Kazakh), 부럽다 (bureopda) (Korean), nvidiëus (Ladin), invidus (Latin), skaudīgs (Latvian), завидлив (zavidliv) (Macedonian), haetara (Maori), envious (Middle English), envieux (Norman), misunnelig (Norwegian), envejós (Occitan), æfestiġ (Old English), حسود (hasud) (Persian), zawistny (Polish), zazdrosny (Polish), invejoso (Portuguese), invidios (Romanian), pizmaș (Romanian), зави́стливый (zavístlivyj) (Russian), ईर्षु (īrṣu) (Sanskrit), farmadach (Scottish Gaelic), surevnjiv [masculine] (Serbo-Croatian), за́видан [Cyrillic] (Serbo-Croatian), závidan [Roman] (Serbo-Croatian), závistlivý (Slovak), zavisten (Slovene), envidioso (Spanish), avundsjuk (Swedish), misundsam (Swedish), entsesse (Tocharian B), kıskanç (Turkish), за́здрісний (zázdrisnyj) (Ukrainian), зави́сний (zavýsnyj) (Ukrainian), peğil [common-gender] (Zazaki)
    Sense id: en-envious-en-adj-ur5tU5IZ Disambiguation of Emotions: 28 20 28 25 Categories (other): English entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 24 36 36 4 Disambiguation of 'feeling or exhibiting envy': 76 0 4 20
  2. Excessively careful; cautious. Categories (topical): Emotions Synonyms (excessively cautious): overcautious Translations (excessively careful): ylivarovainen (Finnish), betulich [dated] (German), fürsorglich (German), receloso (Spanish), vaksam (Swedish)
    Sense id: en-envious-en-adj-tnx5B5Bs Disambiguation of Emotions: 28 20 28 25 Categories (other): English entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 24 36 36 4 Disambiguation of 'excessively cautious': 3 94 2 1 Disambiguation of 'excessively careful': 1 98 1 0
  3. (obsolete) Malignant; mischievous; spiteful. Tags: obsolete Categories (topical): Emotions Translations (malignant; mischievous; spiteful): ilkeä (Finnish), φθονερός (fthonerós) [masculine] (Greek), envious (Middle English), zawistny (Polish), svartsjuk (Swedish)
    Sense id: en-envious-en-adj-oaWvCVrt Disambiguation of Emotions: 28 20 28 25 Categories (other): English entries with incorrect language header, English entries with topic categories using raw markup Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 24 36 36 4 Disambiguation of English entries with topic categories using raw markup: 22 24 51 3 Disambiguation of 'malignant; mischievous; spiteful': 2 0 97 1
  4. (obsolete, poetic) Inspiring envy. Tags: obsolete, poetic Categories (topical): Emotions
    Sense id: en-envious-en-adj-ww0~QROq Disambiguation of Emotions: 28 20 28 25
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Related terms: jealous

Adjective [Middle English]

IPA: /ɛnviˈuːs/, /ˈɛnvius/ Forms: enviouse [plural], enviouse [singular, weak]
Etymology: Borrowed from Middle French envieux, from Latin invidiōsus; equivalent to envie + -ous. Etymology templates: {{glossary|loanword|Borrowed}} Borrowed, {{bor|enm|frm|envieux|||g=|g2=|g3=|id=|lit=|nocat=|pos=|sc=|sort=|tr=|ts=}} Middle French envieux, {{bor+|enm|frm|envieux}} Borrowed from Middle French envieux, {{der|enm|la|invidiōsus}} Latin invidiōsus, {{af|enm|envie|-ous}} envie + -ous Head templates: {{head|enm|adjective|plural and weak singular|enviouse||{{{2}}}||{{{3}}}|head=}} envious (plural and weak singular enviouse), {{enm-adj|enviouse}} envious (plural and weak singular enviouse)
  1. aggressive, malignant
    Sense id: en-envious-enm-adj-O4ySCCsS
  2. envious (having envy)
    Sense id: en-envious-enm-adj-YJHSeyl1
  3. (rare) competitive Tags: rare Categories (topical): Emotions
    Sense id: en-envious-enm-adj-Ag2uODIZ Disambiguation of Emotions: 29 23 49 Categories (other): Middle English entries with incorrect language header, Middle English entries with topic categories using raw markup, Middle English terms suffixed with -ous Disambiguation of Middle English entries with incorrect language header: 38 7 55 Disambiguation of Middle English entries with topic categories using raw markup: 26 5 68 Disambiguation of Middle English terms suffixed with -ous: 19 6 75
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: envius, enwius, envyose, envyous, envyus

Adjective [Old French]

Forms: enviouse [feminine, nominative, oblique, singular]
Etymology: From Latin invidiōsus. Etymology templates: {{inh|fro|la|invidiōsus}} Latin invidiōsus Head templates: {{head|fro|adjective|oblique and nominative feminine singular|enviouse|||||||g=m|head=}} envious m (oblique and nominative feminine singular enviouse), {{fro-adj}} envious m (oblique and nominative feminine singular enviouse)
  1. envious; jealous Tags: masculine Synonyms: enviös, envieus
    Sense id: en-envious-fro-adj-~1W8Se~4 Categories (other): Old French entries with incorrect language header

Alternative forms

Download JSON data for envious meaning in All languages combined (19.7kB)

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*weyd-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "envious"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English envious",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "xno",
        "3": "envious"
      },
      "expansion": "Anglo-Norman envious",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "envieus"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French envieus",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "envious"
      },
      "expansion": "envious",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "envieux"
      },
      "expansion": "French envieux",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "invidiōsus"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin invidiōsus",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "envy"
      },
      "expansion": "envy",
      "name": "l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "invidious"
      },
      "expansion": "Doublet of invidious",
      "name": "doublet"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "æfestiġ"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English æfestiġ",
      "name": "noncog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English envious, from Anglo-Norman envious, from Old French envieus, envious (modern French envieux), from Latin invidiōsus; more at envy. Doublet of invidious, borrowed directly from Latin. Displaced native Old English æfestiġ.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "more envious",
      "tags": [
        "comparative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "most envious",
      "tags": [
        "superlative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "envious (comparative more envious, superlative most envious)",
      "name": "en-adj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "adj",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
      "word": "jealous"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "24 36 36 4",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "28 20 28 25",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Emotions",
          "orig": "en:Emotions",
          "parents": [
            "Mind",
            "Human",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "an envious man, disposition, or attack; envious tongues",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Feeling or exhibiting envy; jealously desiring the excellence or good fortune of another; maliciously grudging"
      ],
      "id": "en-envious-en-adj-ur5tU5IZ",
      "links": [
        [
          "envy",
          "envy"
        ],
        [
          "excellence",
          "excellence"
        ],
        [
          "malicious",
          "malicious"
        ],
        [
          "grudging",
          "grudging"
        ]
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "76 0 4 20",
          "code": "ar",
          "lang": "Arabic",
          "roman": "ḥasūd",
          "sense": "feeling or exhibiting envy",
          "word": "حَسُود"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "76 0 4 20",
          "code": "arz",
          "lang": "Arabic",
          "roman": "ḥasūd",
          "sense": "feeling or exhibiting envy",
          "tags": [
            "Egyptian-Arabic"
          ],
          "word": "حسود"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "76 0 4 20",
          "code": "ajp",
          "lang": "Arabic",
          "roman": "ḥāsed",
          "sense": "feeling or exhibiting envy",
          "tags": [
            "South-Levantine-Arabic"
          ],
          "word": "حاسد"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "76 0 4 20",
          "code": "ajp",
          "lang": "Arabic",
          "roman": "ḡērān",
          "sense": "feeling or exhibiting envy",
          "tags": [
            "South-Levantine-Arabic"
          ],
          "word": "غيران"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "76 0 4 20",
          "code": "hy",
          "lang": "Armenian",
          "roman": "naxanjot",
          "sense": "feeling or exhibiting envy",
          "word": "նախանձոտ"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "76 0 4 20",
          "code": "hy",
          "lang": "Armenian",
          "roman": "naxanj",
          "sense": "feeling or exhibiting envy",
          "word": "նախանձ"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "76 0 4 20",
          "code": "az",
          "lang": "Azerbaijani",
          "sense": "feeling or exhibiting envy",
          "word": "paxıl"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "76 0 4 20",
          "code": "be",
          "lang": "Belarusian",
          "roman": "zajzdrósny",
          "sense": "feeling or exhibiting envy",
          "word": "зайздро́сны"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "76 0 4 20",
          "code": "be",
          "lang": "Belarusian",
          "roman": "zavísny",
          "sense": "feeling or exhibiting envy",
          "word": "заві́сны"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "76 0 4 20",
          "code": "bg",
          "lang": "Bulgarian",
          "roman": "zavístliv",
          "sense": "feeling or exhibiting envy",
          "word": "зави́стлив"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "76 0 4 20",
          "code": "ca",
          "lang": "Catalan",
          "sense": "feeling or exhibiting envy",
          "word": "envejós"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "76 0 4 20",
          "code": "ceb",
          "lang": "Cebuano",
          "sense": "feeling or exhibiting envy",
          "word": "suyaon"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "76 0 4 20",
          "code": "cmn",
          "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
          "roman": "jídù de",
          "sense": "feeling or exhibiting envy",
          "word": "嫉妒的"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "76 0 4 20",
          "code": "cs",
          "lang": "Czech",
          "sense": "feeling or exhibiting envy",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "závistivý"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "76 0 4 20",
          "code": "da",
          "lang": "Danish",
          "sense": "feeling or exhibiting envy",
          "word": "misundelig"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "76 0 4 20",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "feeling or exhibiting envy",
          "word": "jaloers"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "76 0 4 20",
          "code": "nl",
          "lang": "Dutch",
          "sense": "feeling or exhibiting envy",
          "word": "nijdig"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "76 0 4 20",
          "code": "et",
          "lang": "Estonian",
          "sense": "feeling or exhibiting envy",
          "word": "kade"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "76 0 4 20",
          "code": "fo",
          "lang": "Faroese",
          "sense": "feeling or exhibiting envy",
          "word": "øvundsjúkur"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "76 0 4 20",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "feeling or exhibiting envy",
          "word": "kateellinen"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "76 0 4 20",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "feeling or exhibiting envy",
          "word": "kade"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "76 0 4 20",
          "code": "fr",
          "lang": "French",
          "sense": "feeling or exhibiting envy",
          "word": "envieux"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "76 0 4 20",
          "code": "gl",
          "lang": "Galician",
          "sense": "feeling or exhibiting envy",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "envexoso"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "76 0 4 20",
          "code": "ka",
          "lang": "Georgian",
          "roman": "šuriani",
          "sense": "feeling or exhibiting envy",
          "word": "შურიანი"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "76 0 4 20",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "feeling or exhibiting envy",
          "word": "neidisch"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "76 0 4 20",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "feeling or exhibiting envy",
          "word": "neidvoll"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "76 0 4 20",
          "code": "el",
          "lang": "Greek",
          "roman": "zilófthonos",
          "sense": "feeling or exhibiting envy",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "ζηλόφθονος"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "76 0 4 20",
          "code": "el",
          "lang": "Greek",
          "roman": "ziliáris",
          "sense": "feeling or exhibiting envy",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "ζηλιάρης"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "76 0 4 20",
          "code": "grc",
          "lang": "Ancient Greek",
          "roman": "phthonerós",
          "sense": "feeling or exhibiting envy",
          "word": "φθονερός"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "76 0 4 20",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "feeling or exhibiting envy",
          "word": "irigy"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "76 0 4 20",
          "code": "hu",
          "lang": "Hungarian",
          "sense": "feeling or exhibiting envy",
          "word": "irigykedő"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "76 0 4 20",
          "code": "id",
          "lang": "Indonesian",
          "sense": "feeling or exhibiting envy",
          "word": "iri"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "76 0 4 20",
          "code": "ga",
          "lang": "Irish",
          "sense": "feeling or exhibiting envy",
          "word": "éadmhar"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "76 0 4 20",
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "feeling or exhibiting envy",
          "word": "invidioso"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "76 0 4 20",
          "alt": "しっとぶかい",
          "code": "ja",
          "lang": "Japanese",
          "roman": "shitto bukai",
          "sense": "feeling or exhibiting envy",
          "word": "嫉妬深い"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "76 0 4 20",
          "code": "kk",
          "lang": "Kazakh",
          "roman": "qyzğanşaq",
          "sense": "feeling or exhibiting envy",
          "word": "қызғаншақ"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "76 0 4 20",
          "code": "ko",
          "lang": "Korean",
          "roman": "bureopda",
          "sense": "feeling or exhibiting envy",
          "word": "부럽다"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "76 0 4 20",
          "code": "lld",
          "lang": "Ladin",
          "sense": "feeling or exhibiting envy",
          "word": "nvidiëus"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "76 0 4 20",
          "code": "la",
          "lang": "Latin",
          "sense": "feeling or exhibiting envy",
          "word": "invidus"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "76 0 4 20",
          "code": "lv",
          "lang": "Latvian",
          "sense": "feeling or exhibiting envy",
          "word": "skaudīgs"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "76 0 4 20",
          "code": "mk",
          "lang": "Macedonian",
          "roman": "zavidliv",
          "sense": "feeling or exhibiting envy",
          "word": "завидлив"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "76 0 4 20",
          "code": "mi",
          "lang": "Maori",
          "sense": "feeling or exhibiting envy",
          "word": "haetara"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "76 0 4 20",
          "code": "enm",
          "lang": "Middle English",
          "sense": "feeling or exhibiting envy",
          "word": "envious"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "76 0 4 20",
          "code": "nrf",
          "lang": "Norman",
          "sense": "feeling or exhibiting envy",
          "word": "envieux"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "76 0 4 20",
          "code": "no",
          "lang": "Norwegian",
          "sense": "feeling or exhibiting envy",
          "word": "misunnelig"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "76 0 4 20",
          "code": "oc",
          "lang": "Occitan",
          "sense": "feeling or exhibiting envy",
          "word": "envejós"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "76 0 4 20",
          "code": "ang",
          "lang": "Old English",
          "sense": "feeling or exhibiting envy",
          "word": "æfestiġ"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "76 0 4 20",
          "code": "fa",
          "lang": "Persian",
          "roman": "hasud",
          "sense": "feeling or exhibiting envy",
          "word": "حسود"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "76 0 4 20",
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "feeling or exhibiting envy",
          "word": "zawistny"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "76 0 4 20",
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "feeling or exhibiting envy",
          "word": "zazdrosny"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "76 0 4 20",
          "code": "pt",
          "lang": "Portuguese",
          "sense": "feeling or exhibiting envy",
          "word": "invejoso"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "76 0 4 20",
          "code": "ro",
          "lang": "Romanian",
          "sense": "feeling or exhibiting envy",
          "word": "invidios"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "76 0 4 20",
          "code": "ro",
          "lang": "Romanian",
          "sense": "feeling or exhibiting envy",
          "word": "pizmaș"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "76 0 4 20",
          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "zavístlivyj",
          "sense": "feeling or exhibiting envy",
          "word": "зави́стливый"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "76 0 4 20",
          "code": "sa",
          "lang": "Sanskrit",
          "roman": "īrṣu",
          "sense": "feeling or exhibiting envy",
          "word": "ईर्षु"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "76 0 4 20",
          "code": "gd",
          "lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
          "sense": "feeling or exhibiting envy",
          "word": "farmadach"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "76 0 4 20",
          "code": "sh",
          "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
          "sense": "feeling or exhibiting envy",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "surevnjiv"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "76 0 4 20",
          "code": "sh",
          "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
          "sense": "feeling or exhibiting envy",
          "tags": [
            "Cyrillic"
          ],
          "word": "за́видан"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "76 0 4 20",
          "code": "sh",
          "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
          "sense": "feeling or exhibiting envy",
          "tags": [
            "Roman"
          ],
          "word": "závidan"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "76 0 4 20",
          "code": "sk",
          "lang": "Slovak",
          "sense": "feeling or exhibiting envy",
          "word": "závistlivý"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "76 0 4 20",
          "code": "sl",
          "lang": "Slovene",
          "sense": "feeling or exhibiting envy",
          "word": "zavisten"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "76 0 4 20",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "feeling or exhibiting envy",
          "word": "envidioso"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "76 0 4 20",
          "code": "sv",
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "sense": "feeling or exhibiting envy",
          "word": "avundsjuk"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "76 0 4 20",
          "code": "sv",
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "sense": "feeling or exhibiting envy",
          "word": "misundsam"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "76 0 4 20",
          "code": "txb",
          "lang": "Tocharian B",
          "sense": "feeling or exhibiting envy",
          "word": "entsesse"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "76 0 4 20",
          "code": "tr",
          "lang": "Turkish",
          "sense": "feeling or exhibiting envy",
          "word": "kıskanç"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "76 0 4 20",
          "code": "uk",
          "lang": "Ukrainian",
          "roman": "zázdrisnyj",
          "sense": "feeling or exhibiting envy",
          "word": "за́здрісний"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "76 0 4 20",
          "code": "uk",
          "lang": "Ukrainian",
          "roman": "zavýsnyj",
          "sense": "feeling or exhibiting envy",
          "word": "зави́сний"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "76 0 4 20",
          "code": "zza",
          "lang": "Zazaki",
          "sense": "feeling or exhibiting envy",
          "tags": [
            "common-gender"
          ],
          "word": "peğil"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "24 36 36 4",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "28 20 28 25",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Emotions",
          "orig": "en:Emotions",
          "parents": [
            "Mind",
            "Human",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Excessively careful; cautious."
      ],
      "id": "en-envious-en-adj-tnx5B5Bs",
      "links": [
        [
          "careful",
          "careful"
        ],
        [
          "cautious",
          "cautious"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "_dis1": "3 94 2 1",
          "sense": "excessively cautious",
          "word": "overcautious"
        }
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "1 98 1 0",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "excessively careful",
          "word": "ylivarovainen"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 98 1 0",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "excessively careful",
          "tags": [
            "dated"
          ],
          "word": "betulich"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 98 1 0",
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "excessively careful",
          "word": "fürsorglich"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 98 1 0",
          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
          "sense": "excessively careful",
          "word": "receloso"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "1 98 1 0",
          "code": "sv",
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "sense": "excessively careful",
          "word": "vaksam"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "24 36 36 4",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "22 24 51 3",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "28 20 28 25",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Emotions",
          "orig": "en:Emotions",
          "parents": [
            "Mind",
            "Human",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Malignant; mischievous; spiteful."
      ],
      "id": "en-envious-en-adj-oaWvCVrt",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(obsolete) Malignant; mischievous; spiteful."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "obsolete"
      ],
      "translations": [
        {
          "_dis1": "2 0 97 1",
          "code": "fi",
          "lang": "Finnish",
          "sense": "malignant; mischievous; spiteful",
          "word": "ilkeä"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 0 97 1",
          "code": "el",
          "lang": "Greek",
          "roman": "fthonerós",
          "sense": "malignant; mischievous; spiteful",
          "tags": [
            "masculine"
          ],
          "word": "φθονερός"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 0 97 1",
          "code": "enm",
          "lang": "Middle English",
          "sense": "malignant; mischievous; spiteful",
          "word": "envious"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 0 97 1",
          "code": "pl",
          "lang": "Polish",
          "sense": "malignant; mischievous; spiteful",
          "word": "zawistny"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "2 0 97 1",
          "code": "sv",
          "lang": "Swedish",
          "sense": "malignant; mischievous; spiteful",
          "word": "svartsjuk"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "28 20 28 25",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "en",
          "name": "Emotions",
          "orig": "en:Emotions",
          "parents": [
            "Mind",
            "Human",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Inspiring envy."
      ],
      "id": "en-envious-en-adj-ww0~QROq",
      "links": [
        [
          "poetic",
          "poetic"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(obsolete, poetic) Inspiring envy."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "obsolete",
        "poetic"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈɛnviːəs/"
    },
    {
      "audio": "En-uk-envious.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/86/En-uk-envious.ogg/En-uk-envious.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/86/En-uk-envious.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "UK"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (UK)"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vininn126-envious.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/12/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vininn126-envious.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vininn126-envious.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/12/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vininn126-envious.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vininn126-envious.wav.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (US)"
    },
    {
      "enpr": "ĕnʹvēəs"
    }
  ],
  "word": "envious"
}

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "envious"
          },
          "expansion": "English: envious",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "English: envious"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "loanword",
        "2": "Borrowed"
      },
      "expansion": "Borrowed",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "frm",
        "3": "envieux",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Middle French envieux",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "frm",
        "3": "envieux"
      },
      "expansion": "Borrowed from Middle French envieux",
      "name": "bor+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "invidiōsus"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin invidiōsus",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "envie",
        "3": "-ous"
      },
      "expansion": "envie + -ous",
      "name": "af"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Borrowed from Middle French envieux, from Latin invidiōsus; equivalent to envie + -ous.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "enviouse",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "enviouse",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "adjective",
        "3": "plural and weak singular",
        "4": "enviouse",
        "5": "",
        "6": "{{{2}}}",
        "7": "",
        "8": "{{{3}}}",
        "head": ""
      },
      "expansion": "envious (plural and weak singular enviouse)",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enviouse"
      },
      "expansion": "envious (plural and weak singular enviouse)",
      "name": "enm-adj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle English",
  "lang_code": "enm",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "aggressive, malignant"
      ],
      "id": "en-envious-enm-adj-O4ySCCsS",
      "links": [
        [
          "aggressive",
          "aggressive"
        ],
        [
          "malignant",
          "malignant"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "envious (having envy)"
      ],
      "id": "en-envious-enm-adj-YJHSeyl1",
      "links": [
        [
          "envious",
          "envious#English"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "38 7 55",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "26 5 68",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "19 6 75",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle English terms suffixed with -ous",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "29 23 49",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "enm",
          "name": "Emotions",
          "orig": "enm:Emotions",
          "parents": [
            "Mind",
            "Human",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "competitive"
      ],
      "id": "en-envious-enm-adj-Ag2uODIZ",
      "links": [
        [
          "competitive",
          "competitive"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(rare) competitive"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "rare"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ɛnviˈuːs/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈɛnvius/"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "envius"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "enwius"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "envyose"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "envyous"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "envyus"
    }
  ],
  "word": "envious"
}

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fr",
            "2": "envieux"
          },
          "expansion": "French: envieux",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "French: envieux"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nrf",
            "2": "envieux"
          },
          "expansion": "Norman: envieux",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Norman: envieux"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "enm",
            "2": "envious",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Middle English: envious, envius, enwius, envyose, envyous, envyus\nEnglish: envious",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Middle English: envious, envius, enwius, envyose, envyous, envyus\nEnglish: envious"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "invidiōsus"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin invidiōsus",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Latin invidiōsus.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "enviouse",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "oblique",
        "singular"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "10": "",
        "2": "adjective",
        "3": "oblique and nominative feminine singular",
        "4": "enviouse",
        "5": "",
        "6": "",
        "7": "",
        "8": "",
        "9": "",
        "g": "m",
        "head": ""
      },
      "expansion": "envious m (oblique and nominative feminine singular enviouse)",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "envious m (oblique and nominative feminine singular enviouse)",
      "name": "fro-adj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old French",
  "lang_code": "fro",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old French entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "But [he] was very cruel and very jealous",
          "ref": "c. 1170, Wace, Le Roman de Rou",
          "text": "Mez mult part fu cruel e mult fu envious",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "envious; jealous"
      ],
      "id": "en-envious-fro-adj-~1W8Se~4",
      "links": [
        [
          "envious",
          "envious#English"
        ],
        [
          "jealous",
          "jealous"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "enviös"
        },
        {
          "word": "envieus"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "envious"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "English 3-syllable words",
    "English adjectives",
    "English doublets",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
    "English lemmas",
    "English terms derived from Anglo-Norman",
    "English terms derived from Latin",
    "English terms derived from Middle English",
    "English terms derived from Old French",
    "English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *weyd-",
    "English terms inherited from Middle English",
    "English terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "English terms with audio links",
    "en:Emotions"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*weyd-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "envious"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English envious",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "xno",
        "3": "envious"
      },
      "expansion": "Anglo-Norman envious",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "fro",
        "3": "envieus"
      },
      "expansion": "Old French envieus",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "envious"
      },
      "expansion": "envious",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fr",
        "2": "envieux"
      },
      "expansion": "French envieux",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "invidiōsus"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin invidiōsus",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "envy"
      },
      "expansion": "envy",
      "name": "l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "invidious"
      },
      "expansion": "Doublet of invidious",
      "name": "doublet"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "æfestiġ"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English æfestiġ",
      "name": "noncog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English envious, from Anglo-Norman envious, from Old French envieus, envious (modern French envieux), from Latin invidiōsus; more at envy. Doublet of invidious, borrowed directly from Latin. Displaced native Old English æfestiġ.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "more envious",
      "tags": [
        "comparative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "most envious",
      "tags": [
        "superlative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "envious (comparative more envious, superlative most envious)",
      "name": "en-adj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "adj",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "jealous"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "an envious man, disposition, or attack; envious tongues",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Feeling or exhibiting envy; jealously desiring the excellence or good fortune of another; maliciously grudging"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "envy",
          "envy"
        ],
        [
          "excellence",
          "excellence"
        ],
        [
          "malicious",
          "malicious"
        ],
        [
          "grudging",
          "grudging"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "Excessively careful; cautious."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "careful",
          "careful"
        ],
        [
          "cautious",
          "cautious"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with obsolete senses"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Malignant; mischievous; spiteful."
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(obsolete) Malignant; mischievous; spiteful."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "obsolete"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "English poetic terms",
        "English terms with obsolete senses"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Inspiring envy."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "poetic",
          "poetic"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(obsolete, poetic) Inspiring envy."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "obsolete",
        "poetic"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈɛnviːəs/"
    },
    {
      "audio": "En-uk-envious.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/86/En-uk-envious.ogg/En-uk-envious.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/86/En-uk-envious.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "UK"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (UK)"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vininn126-envious.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/12/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vininn126-envious.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vininn126-envious.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/12/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vininn126-envious.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vininn126-envious.wav.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "US"
      ],
      "text": "Audio (US)"
    },
    {
      "enpr": "ĕnʹvēəs"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "sense": "excessively cautious",
      "word": "overcautious"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "ar",
      "lang": "Arabic",
      "roman": "ḥasūd",
      "sense": "feeling or exhibiting envy",
      "word": "حَسُود"
    },
    {
      "code": "arz",
      "lang": "Arabic",
      "roman": "ḥasūd",
      "sense": "feeling or exhibiting envy",
      "tags": [
        "Egyptian-Arabic"
      ],
      "word": "حسود"
    },
    {
      "code": "ajp",
      "lang": "Arabic",
      "roman": "ḥāsed",
      "sense": "feeling or exhibiting envy",
      "tags": [
        "South-Levantine-Arabic"
      ],
      "word": "حاسد"
    },
    {
      "code": "ajp",
      "lang": "Arabic",
      "roman": "ḡērān",
      "sense": "feeling or exhibiting envy",
      "tags": [
        "South-Levantine-Arabic"
      ],
      "word": "غيران"
    },
    {
      "code": "hy",
      "lang": "Armenian",
      "roman": "naxanjot",
      "sense": "feeling or exhibiting envy",
      "word": "նախանձոտ"
    },
    {
      "code": "hy",
      "lang": "Armenian",
      "roman": "naxanj",
      "sense": "feeling or exhibiting envy",
      "word": "նախանձ"
    },
    {
      "code": "az",
      "lang": "Azerbaijani",
      "sense": "feeling or exhibiting envy",
      "word": "paxıl"
    },
    {
      "code": "be",
      "lang": "Belarusian",
      "roman": "zajzdrósny",
      "sense": "feeling or exhibiting envy",
      "word": "зайздро́сны"
    },
    {
      "code": "be",
      "lang": "Belarusian",
      "roman": "zavísny",
      "sense": "feeling or exhibiting envy",
      "word": "заві́сны"
    },
    {
      "code": "bg",
      "lang": "Bulgarian",
      "roman": "zavístliv",
      "sense": "feeling or exhibiting envy",
      "word": "зави́стлив"
    },
    {
      "code": "ca",
      "lang": "Catalan",
      "sense": "feeling or exhibiting envy",
      "word": "envejós"
    },
    {
      "code": "ceb",
      "lang": "Cebuano",
      "sense": "feeling or exhibiting envy",
      "word": "suyaon"
    },
    {
      "code": "cmn",
      "lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
      "roman": "jídù de",
      "sense": "feeling or exhibiting envy",
      "word": "嫉妒的"
    },
    {
      "code": "cs",
      "lang": "Czech",
      "sense": "feeling or exhibiting envy",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "závistivý"
    },
    {
      "code": "da",
      "lang": "Danish",
      "sense": "feeling or exhibiting envy",
      "word": "misundelig"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "feeling or exhibiting envy",
      "word": "jaloers"
    },
    {
      "code": "nl",
      "lang": "Dutch",
      "sense": "feeling or exhibiting envy",
      "word": "nijdig"
    },
    {
      "code": "et",
      "lang": "Estonian",
      "sense": "feeling or exhibiting envy",
      "word": "kade"
    },
    {
      "code": "fo",
      "lang": "Faroese",
      "sense": "feeling or exhibiting envy",
      "word": "øvundsjúkur"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "feeling or exhibiting envy",
      "word": "kateellinen"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "feeling or exhibiting envy",
      "word": "kade"
    },
    {
      "code": "fr",
      "lang": "French",
      "sense": "feeling or exhibiting envy",
      "word": "envieux"
    },
    {
      "code": "gl",
      "lang": "Galician",
      "sense": "feeling or exhibiting envy",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "envexoso"
    },
    {
      "code": "ka",
      "lang": "Georgian",
      "roman": "šuriani",
      "sense": "feeling or exhibiting envy",
      "word": "შურიანი"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "feeling or exhibiting envy",
      "word": "neidisch"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "feeling or exhibiting envy",
      "word": "neidvoll"
    },
    {
      "code": "el",
      "lang": "Greek",
      "roman": "zilófthonos",
      "sense": "feeling or exhibiting envy",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "ζηλόφθονος"
    },
    {
      "code": "el",
      "lang": "Greek",
      "roman": "ziliáris",
      "sense": "feeling or exhibiting envy",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "ζηλιάρης"
    },
    {
      "code": "grc",
      "lang": "Ancient Greek",
      "roman": "phthonerós",
      "sense": "feeling or exhibiting envy",
      "word": "φθονερός"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "feeling or exhibiting envy",
      "word": "irigy"
    },
    {
      "code": "hu",
      "lang": "Hungarian",
      "sense": "feeling or exhibiting envy",
      "word": "irigykedő"
    },
    {
      "code": "id",
      "lang": "Indonesian",
      "sense": "feeling or exhibiting envy",
      "word": "iri"
    },
    {
      "code": "ga",
      "lang": "Irish",
      "sense": "feeling or exhibiting envy",
      "word": "éadmhar"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "feeling or exhibiting envy",
      "word": "invidioso"
    },
    {
      "alt": "しっとぶかい",
      "code": "ja",
      "lang": "Japanese",
      "roman": "shitto bukai",
      "sense": "feeling or exhibiting envy",
      "word": "嫉妬深い"
    },
    {
      "code": "kk",
      "lang": "Kazakh",
      "roman": "qyzğanşaq",
      "sense": "feeling or exhibiting envy",
      "word": "қызғаншақ"
    },
    {
      "code": "ko",
      "lang": "Korean",
      "roman": "bureopda",
      "sense": "feeling or exhibiting envy",
      "word": "부럽다"
    },
    {
      "code": "lld",
      "lang": "Ladin",
      "sense": "feeling or exhibiting envy",
      "word": "nvidiëus"
    },
    {
      "code": "la",
      "lang": "Latin",
      "sense": "feeling or exhibiting envy",
      "word": "invidus"
    },
    {
      "code": "lv",
      "lang": "Latvian",
      "sense": "feeling or exhibiting envy",
      "word": "skaudīgs"
    },
    {
      "code": "mk",
      "lang": "Macedonian",
      "roman": "zavidliv",
      "sense": "feeling or exhibiting envy",
      "word": "завидлив"
    },
    {
      "code": "mi",
      "lang": "Maori",
      "sense": "feeling or exhibiting envy",
      "word": "haetara"
    },
    {
      "code": "enm",
      "lang": "Middle English",
      "sense": "feeling or exhibiting envy",
      "word": "envious"
    },
    {
      "code": "nrf",
      "lang": "Norman",
      "sense": "feeling or exhibiting envy",
      "word": "envieux"
    },
    {
      "code": "no",
      "lang": "Norwegian",
      "sense": "feeling or exhibiting envy",
      "word": "misunnelig"
    },
    {
      "code": "oc",
      "lang": "Occitan",
      "sense": "feeling or exhibiting envy",
      "word": "envejós"
    },
    {
      "code": "ang",
      "lang": "Old English",
      "sense": "feeling or exhibiting envy",
      "word": "æfestiġ"
    },
    {
      "code": "fa",
      "lang": "Persian",
      "roman": "hasud",
      "sense": "feeling or exhibiting envy",
      "word": "حسود"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "feeling or exhibiting envy",
      "word": "zawistny"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "feeling or exhibiting envy",
      "word": "zazdrosny"
    },
    {
      "code": "pt",
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "sense": "feeling or exhibiting envy",
      "word": "invejoso"
    },
    {
      "code": "ro",
      "lang": "Romanian",
      "sense": "feeling or exhibiting envy",
      "word": "invidios"
    },
    {
      "code": "ro",
      "lang": "Romanian",
      "sense": "feeling or exhibiting envy",
      "word": "pizmaș"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "zavístlivyj",
      "sense": "feeling or exhibiting envy",
      "word": "зави́стливый"
    },
    {
      "code": "sa",
      "lang": "Sanskrit",
      "roman": "īrṣu",
      "sense": "feeling or exhibiting envy",
      "word": "ईर्षु"
    },
    {
      "code": "gd",
      "lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
      "sense": "feeling or exhibiting envy",
      "word": "farmadach"
    },
    {
      "code": "sh",
      "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
      "sense": "feeling or exhibiting envy",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "surevnjiv"
    },
    {
      "code": "sh",
      "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
      "sense": "feeling or exhibiting envy",
      "tags": [
        "Cyrillic"
      ],
      "word": "за́видан"
    },
    {
      "code": "sh",
      "lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
      "sense": "feeling or exhibiting envy",
      "tags": [
        "Roman"
      ],
      "word": "závidan"
    },
    {
      "code": "sk",
      "lang": "Slovak",
      "sense": "feeling or exhibiting envy",
      "word": "závistlivý"
    },
    {
      "code": "sl",
      "lang": "Slovene",
      "sense": "feeling or exhibiting envy",
      "word": "zavisten"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "feeling or exhibiting envy",
      "word": "envidioso"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "feeling or exhibiting envy",
      "word": "avundsjuk"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "feeling or exhibiting envy",
      "word": "misundsam"
    },
    {
      "code": "txb",
      "lang": "Tocharian B",
      "sense": "feeling or exhibiting envy",
      "word": "entsesse"
    },
    {
      "code": "tr",
      "lang": "Turkish",
      "sense": "feeling or exhibiting envy",
      "word": "kıskanç"
    },
    {
      "code": "uk",
      "lang": "Ukrainian",
      "roman": "zázdrisnyj",
      "sense": "feeling or exhibiting envy",
      "word": "за́здрісний"
    },
    {
      "code": "uk",
      "lang": "Ukrainian",
      "roman": "zavýsnyj",
      "sense": "feeling or exhibiting envy",
      "word": "зави́сний"
    },
    {
      "code": "zza",
      "lang": "Zazaki",
      "sense": "feeling or exhibiting envy",
      "tags": [
        "common-gender"
      ],
      "word": "peğil"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "excessively careful",
      "word": "ylivarovainen"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "excessively careful",
      "tags": [
        "dated"
      ],
      "word": "betulich"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "excessively careful",
      "word": "fürsorglich"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "excessively careful",
      "word": "receloso"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "excessively careful",
      "word": "vaksam"
    },
    {
      "code": "fi",
      "lang": "Finnish",
      "sense": "malignant; mischievous; spiteful",
      "word": "ilkeä"
    },
    {
      "code": "el",
      "lang": "Greek",
      "roman": "fthonerós",
      "sense": "malignant; mischievous; spiteful",
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "word": "φθονερός"
    },
    {
      "code": "enm",
      "lang": "Middle English",
      "sense": "malignant; mischievous; spiteful",
      "word": "envious"
    },
    {
      "code": "pl",
      "lang": "Polish",
      "sense": "malignant; mischievous; spiteful",
      "word": "zawistny"
    },
    {
      "code": "sv",
      "lang": "Swedish",
      "sense": "malignant; mischievous; spiteful",
      "word": "svartsjuk"
    }
  ],
  "word": "envious"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Middle English adjectives",
    "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
    "Middle English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
    "Middle English lemmas",
    "Middle English terms borrowed from Middle French",
    "Middle English terms derived from Latin",
    "Middle English terms derived from Middle French",
    "Middle English terms suffixed with -ous",
    "Middle English terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "enm:Emotions"
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "envious"
          },
          "expansion": "English: envious",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "English: envious"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "loanword",
        "2": "Borrowed"
      },
      "expansion": "Borrowed",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "frm",
        "3": "envieux",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Middle French envieux",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "frm",
        "3": "envieux"
      },
      "expansion": "Borrowed from Middle French envieux",
      "name": "bor+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "invidiōsus"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin invidiōsus",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "envie",
        "3": "-ous"
      },
      "expansion": "envie + -ous",
      "name": "af"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Borrowed from Middle French envieux, from Latin invidiōsus; equivalent to envie + -ous.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "enviouse",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "enviouse",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "adjective",
        "3": "plural and weak singular",
        "4": "enviouse",
        "5": "",
        "6": "{{{2}}}",
        "7": "",
        "8": "{{{3}}}",
        "head": ""
      },
      "expansion": "envious (plural and weak singular enviouse)",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enviouse"
      },
      "expansion": "envious (plural and weak singular enviouse)",
      "name": "enm-adj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle English",
  "lang_code": "enm",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "aggressive, malignant"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "aggressive",
          "aggressive"
        ],
        [
          "malignant",
          "malignant"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "envious (having envy)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "envious",
          "envious#English"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Middle English terms with rare senses"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "competitive"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "competitive",
          "competitive"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(rare) competitive"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "rare"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ɛnviˈuːs/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈɛnvius/"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "word": "envius"
    },
    {
      "word": "enwius"
    },
    {
      "word": "envyose"
    },
    {
      "word": "envyous"
    },
    {
      "word": "envyus"
    }
  ],
  "word": "envious"
}

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fr",
            "2": "envieux"
          },
          "expansion": "French: envieux",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "French: envieux"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nrf",
            "2": "envieux"
          },
          "expansion": "Norman: envieux",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Norman: envieux"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "enm",
            "2": "envious",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Middle English: envious, envius, enwius, envyose, envyous, envyus\nEnglish: envious",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Middle English: envious, envius, enwius, envyose, envyous, envyus\nEnglish: envious"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "2": "la",
        "3": "invidiōsus"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin invidiōsus",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Latin invidiōsus.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "enviouse",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "oblique",
        "singular"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fro",
        "10": "",
        "2": "adjective",
        "3": "oblique and nominative feminine singular",
        "4": "enviouse",
        "5": "",
        "6": "",
        "7": "",
        "8": "",
        "9": "",
        "g": "m",
        "head": ""
      },
      "expansion": "envious m (oblique and nominative feminine singular enviouse)",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "envious m (oblique and nominative feminine singular enviouse)",
      "name": "fro-adj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old French",
  "lang_code": "fro",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Old French adjectives",
        "Old French entries with incorrect language header",
        "Old French lemmas",
        "Old French terms derived from Latin",
        "Old French terms inherited from Latin",
        "Old French terms with quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "But [he] was very cruel and very jealous",
          "ref": "c. 1170, Wace, Le Roman de Rou",
          "text": "Mez mult part fu cruel e mult fu envious",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "envious; jealous"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "envious",
          "envious#English"
        ],
        [
          "jealous",
          "jealous"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "word": "enviös"
    },
    {
      "word": "envieus"
    }
  ],
  "word": "envious"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.