See curtail on Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "curtailable"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "curtail dog"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "curtailer"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "curtailment"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "uncurtailed"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "courtault",
"4": "",
"5": "which has been shortened"
},
"expansion": "Old French courtault (“which has been shortened”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "curtus"
},
"expansion": "Latin curtus",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Alteration of curtal, from Old French courtault (“which has been shortened”), itself from court (“short”) (from Latin curtus) + -ault",
"forms": [
{
"form": "curtails",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "curtailing",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "curtailed",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "curtailed",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "curtail (third-person singular simple present curtails, present participle curtailing, simple past and past participle curtailed)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "curt"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "curtal"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Curtailing horses procured long horse-hair.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To cut short the tail of an animal"
],
"id": "en-curtail-en-verb-U1sgYXRh",
"links": [
[
"cut",
"cut"
],
[
"tail",
"tail"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, obsolete) To cut short the tail of an animal"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"sense": "animal's tail",
"word": "crop"
},
{
"_dis1": "100 0 0",
"sense": "animal's tail",
"word": "dock"
}
],
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "91 4 6",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "podrjazvam",
"sense": "cut short an animal's tail",
"word": "подрязвам"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 4 6",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "cut short an animal's tail",
"word": "escurçar"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 4 6",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "cut short an animal's tail",
"word": "beknotten"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 4 6",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "cut short an animal's tail",
"word": "knotten"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 4 6",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "cut short an animal's tail",
"word": "kortwieken"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 4 6",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "cut short an animal's tail",
"word": "bekorten"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 4 6",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "cut short an animal's tail",
"word": "inkorten"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 4 6",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "cut short an animal's tail",
"word": "verkorten"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 4 6",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "cut short an animal's tail",
"word": "typistää"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 4 6",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "cut short an animal's tail",
"word": "écourter"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 4 6",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "cut short an animal's tail",
"word": "derrabar"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 4 6",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "cut short an animal's tail",
"word": "kupieren"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 4 6",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "cut short an animal's tail",
"word": "kupere"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 4 6",
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "cut short an animal's tail",
"word": "kupere"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 4 6",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "cut short an animal's tail",
"word": "derrabar"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 4 6",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "ukoráčivatʹ",
"sense": "cut short an animal's tail",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "укора́чивать"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 4 6",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "ukorotítʹ",
"sense": "cut short an animal's tail",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "укороти́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 4 6",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "obrezátʹ",
"sense": "cut short an animal's tail",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "обреза́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 4 6",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "obrézatʹ",
"sense": "cut short an animal's tail",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "обре́зать"
},
{
"_dis1": "91 4 6",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "cut short an animal's tail",
"word": "acortar"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "When the audience grew restless, the speaker curtailed her speech.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To shorten or abridge the duration of something; to truncate."
],
"id": "en-curtail-en-verb-PMNkanom",
"links": [
[
"shorten",
"shorten"
],
[
"abridge",
"abridge"
],
[
"truncate",
"truncate"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To shorten or abridge the duration of something; to truncate."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "7 89 4",
"sense": "shorten",
"word": "abbreviate"
}
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "6 91 3",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "skǎsjavam",
"sense": "shorten or abridge",
"word": "скъсявам"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 91 3",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "sǎkraštavam",
"sense": "shorten or abridge",
"word": "съкращавам"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 91 3",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "shorten or abridge",
"word": "escurçar"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 91 3",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "suōjiǎn",
"sense": "shorten or abridge",
"word": "缩减"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 91 3",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "jīngjiǎn",
"sense": "shorten or abridge",
"word": "精简"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 91 3",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "shorten or abridge",
"word": "zkrátit"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 91 3",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "shorten or abridge",
"word": "forkorte"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 91 3",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "shorten or abridge",
"word": "beknotten"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 91 3",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "shorten or abridge",
"word": "knotten"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 91 3",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "shorten or abridge",
"word": "kortwieken"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 91 3",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "shorten or abridge",
"word": "bekorten"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 91 3",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "shorten or abridge",
"word": "inkorten"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 91 3",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "shorten or abridge",
"word": "verkorten"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 91 3",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "shorten or abridge",
"word": "lyhentää"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 91 3",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "shorten or abridge",
"word": "écourter"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 91 3",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "shorten or abridge",
"word": "abréger"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 91 3",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "shorten or abridge",
"word": "recortar"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 91 3",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "shorten or abridge",
"word": "acurtar"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 91 3",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "shorten or abridge",
"word": "abreviar"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 91 3",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "shorten or abridge",
"word": "beschneiden"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 91 3",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "shorten or abridge",
"word": "stutzen"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 91 3",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "shorten or abridge",
"word": "verkürzen"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 91 3",
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "suntémnō",
"sense": "shorten or abridge",
"word": "συντέμνω"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 91 3",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "kitsér",
"sense": "shorten or abridge",
"word": "קִצֵּרקִצֵּר"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 91 3",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "tsimtsém",
"sense": "shorten or abridge",
"word": "צִמְצֵם"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 91 3",
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "shorten or abridge",
"word": "rekortar"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 91 3",
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "shorten or abridge",
"word": "abreviar"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 91 3",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "shorten or abridge",
"word": "giorraigh"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 91 3",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "shorten or abridge",
"word": "auporo"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 91 3",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "shorten or abridge",
"word": "tauporo"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 91 3",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "shorten or abridge",
"word": "totope"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 91 3",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "shorten or abridge",
"word": "forkorte"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 91 3",
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "shorten or abridge",
"word": "forkorte"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 91 3",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "shorten or abridge",
"word": "encurtar"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 91 3",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "sokraščátʹ",
"sense": "shorten or abridge",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "сокраща́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 91 3",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "sokratítʹ",
"sense": "shorten or abridge",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "сократи́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 91 3",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "urezátʹ",
"sense": "shorten or abridge",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "уреза́ть"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 91 3",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "urézatʹ",
"sense": "shorten or abridge",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "уре́зать"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 91 3",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "shorten or abridge",
"word": "giorraich"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 91 3",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "shorten or abridge",
"word": "skratiti"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 91 3",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "shorten or abridge",
"word": "smanjiti"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 91 3",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "shorten or abridge",
"word": "acortar"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 91 3",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "shorten or abridge",
"word": "truncar"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "8 5 6 81",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 7 6 81",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 6 8 76",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 5 5 85",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "23 14 13 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 12 10 67",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 13 9 70",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Catalan translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 11 16 63",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Czech translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 7 5 82",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Danish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 13 11 65",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Dutch translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 13 9 70",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Estonian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 11 7 74",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 12 14 60",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 13 9 70",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Galician translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 13 9 70",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 12 11 68",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Hebrew translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 8 7 78",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Ido translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 13 9 70",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Indonesian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 13 9 70",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Irish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 10 12 59",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Mandarin translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 13 9 70",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Maori translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 14 9 67",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 5 3 88",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 12 8 71",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 8 7 79",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 13 9 69",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 13 9 70",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 9 7 76",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Spanish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1960 December, “Talking of Trains: Branch report”, in Trains Illustrated, page 708:",
"text": "This is the rump of the C.L.C. branch to Southport Lord Street, which lost its passenger services beyond Aintree from January 7, 1952, whereupon the timetable between Gateacre and Aintree was greatly curtailed.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2018, “Israeli gov't is trying to defund +972 Magazine, report says”, in +972 Magazine:",
"text": "The current Israeli government has been working to curtail and eliminate critical voices within Israeli society in recent years, particularly those fighting to end the occupation and expose human rights violations against Palestinians and marginalized communities.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To limit or restrict, keep in check."
],
"id": "en-curtail-en-verb-kdsQF--2",
"links": [
[
"limit",
"limit"
],
[
"restrict",
"restrict"
],
[
"in check",
"in check"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, figuratively) To limit or restrict, keep in check."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 100",
"sense": "limit",
"word": "behedge"
}
],
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"transitive"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "5 2 93",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "ograníčavam",
"sense": "limit or restrict",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "ограни́чавам"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 2 93",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "xiànzhì",
"sense": "limit or restrict",
"word": "限制"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 2 93",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "zhìyuē",
"sense": "limit or restrict",
"word": "制约"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 2 93",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "limit or restrict",
"word": "omezit"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 2 93",
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "limit or restrict",
"word": "begrænse"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 2 93",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "limit or restrict",
"word": "beknotten"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 2 93",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "limit or restrict",
"word": "kort houden"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 2 93",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "limit or restrict",
"word": "kortwieken"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 2 93",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "limit or restrict",
"word": "beperken"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 2 93",
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "limit or restrict",
"word": "piirama"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 2 93",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "limit or restrict",
"word": "rajoittaa"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 2 93",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "limit or restrict",
"word": "restreindre"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 2 93",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "limit or restrict",
"word": "limitar"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 2 93",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "limit or restrict",
"word": "coartar"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 2 93",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "limit or restrict",
"word": "restrinxir"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 2 93",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "limit or restrict",
"word": "beschränken"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 2 93",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "limit or restrict",
"word": "beschneiden"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 2 93",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "limit or restrict",
"word": "drosseln"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 2 93",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "limit or restrict",
"word": "kürzen"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 2 93",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "limit or restrict",
"word": "totope"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 2 93",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "limit or restrict",
"word": "begrense"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 2 93",
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "limit or restrict",
"word": "avgrense"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 2 93",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "limit or restrict",
"word": "limitar"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 2 93",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "limit or restrict",
"word": "restringir"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 2 93",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "ograníčivatʹ",
"sense": "limit or restrict",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "ограни́чивать"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 2 93",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "ograníčitʹ",
"sense": "limit or restrict",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "ограни́чить"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 2 93",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "limit or restrict",
"word": "ograničiti"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 2 93",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "limit or restrict",
"word": "stegnuti"
},
{
"_dis1": "5 2 93",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "limit or restrict",
"word": "limitar"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kɜːˈteɪl/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kɚˈteɪl/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-curtail.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/7a/En-us-curtail.ogg/En-us-curtail.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7a/En-us-curtail.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-eɪl"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "shorten"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "control"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "limit"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "restrain"
}
],
"word": "curtail"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "courtault",
"4": "",
"5": "which has been shortened"
},
"expansion": "Old French courtault (“which has been shortened”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "curtus"
},
"expansion": "Latin curtus",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Alteration of curtal, from Old French courtault (“which has been shortened”), itself from court (“short”) (from Latin curtus) + -ault",
"forms": [
{
"form": "curtails",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "curtail (plural curtails)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Architecture",
"orig": "en:Architecture",
"parents": [
"Applied sciences",
"Art",
"Sciences",
"Culture",
"All topics",
"Society",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A scroll termination, as of a step, etc."
],
"id": "en-curtail-en-noun-g8KOr0~N",
"links": [
[
"architecture",
"architecture"
],
[
"scroll",
"scroll"
],
[
"termination",
"termination"
],
[
"step",
"step"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(architecture) A scroll termination, as of a step, etc."
],
"topics": [
"architecture"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kɜːˈteɪl/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kɚˈteɪl/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-curtail.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/7a/En-us-curtail.ogg/En-us-curtail.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7a/En-us-curtail.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-eɪl"
}
],
"word": "curtail"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Requests for review of Indonesian translations",
"Rhymes:English/eɪl",
"Rhymes:English/eɪl/2 syllables",
"Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Danish translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Estonian translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Hebrew translations",
"Terms with Ido translations",
"Terms with Indonesian translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Maori translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations",
"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "curtailable"
},
{
"word": "curtail dog"
},
{
"word": "curtailer"
},
{
"word": "curtailment"
},
{
"word": "uncurtailed"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "courtault",
"4": "",
"5": "which has been shortened"
},
"expansion": "Old French courtault (“which has been shortened”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "curtus"
},
"expansion": "Latin curtus",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Alteration of curtal, from Old French courtault (“which has been shortened”), itself from court (“short”) (from Latin curtus) + -ault",
"forms": [
{
"form": "curtails",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "curtailing",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "curtailed",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "curtailed",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "curtail (third-person singular simple present curtails, present participle curtailing, simple past and past participle curtailed)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"word": "curt"
},
{
"word": "curtal"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses",
"English terms with usage examples",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Curtailing horses procured long horse-hair.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To cut short the tail of an animal"
],
"links": [
[
"cut",
"cut"
],
[
"tail",
"tail"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, obsolete) To cut short the tail of an animal"
],
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with usage examples",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "When the audience grew restless, the speaker curtailed her speech.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To shorten or abridge the duration of something; to truncate."
],
"links": [
[
"shorten",
"shorten"
],
[
"abridge",
"abridge"
],
[
"truncate",
"truncate"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) To shorten or abridge the duration of something; to truncate."
],
"tags": [
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"English transitive verbs"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1960 December, “Talking of Trains: Branch report”, in Trains Illustrated, page 708:",
"text": "This is the rump of the C.L.C. branch to Southport Lord Street, which lost its passenger services beyond Aintree from January 7, 1952, whereupon the timetable between Gateacre and Aintree was greatly curtailed.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2018, “Israeli gov't is trying to defund +972 Magazine, report says”, in +972 Magazine:",
"text": "The current Israeli government has been working to curtail and eliminate critical voices within Israeli society in recent years, particularly those fighting to end the occupation and expose human rights violations against Palestinians and marginalized communities.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To limit or restrict, keep in check."
],
"links": [
[
"limit",
"limit"
],
[
"restrict",
"restrict"
],
[
"in check",
"in check"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, figuratively) To limit or restrict, keep in check."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"transitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kɜːˈteɪl/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kɚˈteɪl/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-curtail.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/7a/En-us-curtail.ogg/En-us-curtail.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7a/En-us-curtail.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-eɪl"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"sense": "animal's tail",
"word": "crop"
},
{
"sense": "animal's tail",
"word": "dock"
},
{
"sense": "shorten",
"word": "abbreviate"
},
{
"word": "shorten"
},
{
"sense": "limit",
"word": "behedge"
},
{
"word": "control"
},
{
"word": "limit"
},
{
"word": "restrain"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "podrjazvam",
"sense": "cut short an animal's tail",
"word": "подрязвам"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "cut short an animal's tail",
"word": "escurçar"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "cut short an animal's tail",
"word": "beknotten"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "cut short an animal's tail",
"word": "knotten"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "cut short an animal's tail",
"word": "kortwieken"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "cut short an animal's tail",
"word": "bekorten"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "cut short an animal's tail",
"word": "inkorten"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "cut short an animal's tail",
"word": "verkorten"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "cut short an animal's tail",
"word": "typistää"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "cut short an animal's tail",
"word": "écourter"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "cut short an animal's tail",
"word": "derrabar"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "cut short an animal's tail",
"word": "kupieren"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "cut short an animal's tail",
"word": "kupere"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "cut short an animal's tail",
"word": "kupere"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "cut short an animal's tail",
"word": "derrabar"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "ukoráčivatʹ",
"sense": "cut short an animal's tail",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "укора́чивать"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "ukorotítʹ",
"sense": "cut short an animal's tail",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "укороти́ть"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "obrezátʹ",
"sense": "cut short an animal's tail",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "обреза́ть"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "obrézatʹ",
"sense": "cut short an animal's tail",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "обре́зать"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "cut short an animal's tail",
"word": "acortar"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "skǎsjavam",
"sense": "shorten or abridge",
"word": "скъсявам"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "sǎkraštavam",
"sense": "shorten or abridge",
"word": "съкращавам"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "shorten or abridge",
"word": "escurçar"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "suōjiǎn",
"sense": "shorten or abridge",
"word": "缩减"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "jīngjiǎn",
"sense": "shorten or abridge",
"word": "精简"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "shorten or abridge",
"word": "zkrátit"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "shorten or abridge",
"word": "forkorte"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "shorten or abridge",
"word": "beknotten"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "shorten or abridge",
"word": "knotten"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "shorten or abridge",
"word": "kortwieken"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "shorten or abridge",
"word": "bekorten"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "shorten or abridge",
"word": "inkorten"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "shorten or abridge",
"word": "verkorten"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "shorten or abridge",
"word": "lyhentää"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "shorten or abridge",
"word": "écourter"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "shorten or abridge",
"word": "abréger"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "shorten or abridge",
"word": "recortar"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "shorten or abridge",
"word": "acurtar"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "shorten or abridge",
"word": "abreviar"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "shorten or abridge",
"word": "beschneiden"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "shorten or abridge",
"word": "stutzen"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "shorten or abridge",
"word": "verkürzen"
},
{
"code": "grc",
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"roman": "suntémnō",
"sense": "shorten or abridge",
"word": "συντέμνω"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "kitsér",
"sense": "shorten or abridge",
"word": "קִצֵּרקִצֵּר"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"roman": "tsimtsém",
"sense": "shorten or abridge",
"word": "צִמְצֵם"
},
{
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "shorten or abridge",
"word": "rekortar"
},
{
"code": "io",
"lang": "Ido",
"sense": "shorten or abridge",
"word": "abreviar"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "shorten or abridge",
"word": "giorraigh"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "shorten or abridge",
"word": "auporo"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "shorten or abridge",
"word": "tauporo"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "shorten or abridge",
"word": "auporo"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "shorten or abridge",
"word": "totope"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "shorten or abridge",
"word": "forkorte"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "shorten or abridge",
"word": "forkorte"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "shorten or abridge",
"word": "encurtar"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "sokraščátʹ",
"sense": "shorten or abridge",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "сокраща́ть"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "sokratítʹ",
"sense": "shorten or abridge",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "сократи́ть"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "urezátʹ",
"sense": "shorten or abridge",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "уреза́ть"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "urézatʹ",
"sense": "shorten or abridge",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "уре́зать"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "shorten or abridge",
"word": "giorraich"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "shorten or abridge",
"word": "skratiti"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "shorten or abridge",
"word": "smanjiti"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "shorten or abridge",
"word": "acortar"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "shorten or abridge",
"word": "truncar"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "ograníčavam",
"sense": "limit or restrict",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "ограни́чавам"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "xiànzhì",
"sense": "limit or restrict",
"word": "限制"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "zhìyuē",
"sense": "limit or restrict",
"word": "制约"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "limit or restrict",
"word": "omezit"
},
{
"code": "da",
"lang": "Danish",
"sense": "limit or restrict",
"word": "begrænse"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "limit or restrict",
"word": "beknotten"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "limit or restrict",
"word": "kort houden"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "limit or restrict",
"word": "kortwieken"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "limit or restrict",
"word": "beperken"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "limit or restrict",
"word": "piirama"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "limit or restrict",
"word": "rajoittaa"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "limit or restrict",
"word": "restreindre"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "limit or restrict",
"word": "limitar"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "limit or restrict",
"word": "coartar"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "limit or restrict",
"word": "restrinxir"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "limit or restrict",
"word": "beschränken"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "limit or restrict",
"word": "beschneiden"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "limit or restrict",
"word": "drosseln"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "limit or restrict",
"word": "kürzen"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "limit or restrict",
"word": "totope"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "limit or restrict",
"word": "begrense"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "limit or restrict",
"word": "avgrense"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "limit or restrict",
"word": "limitar"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "limit or restrict",
"word": "restringir"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "ograníčivatʹ",
"sense": "limit or restrict",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
],
"word": "ограни́чивать"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "ograníčitʹ",
"sense": "limit or restrict",
"tags": [
"perfective"
],
"word": "ограни́чить"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "limit or restrict",
"word": "ograničiti"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "limit or restrict",
"word": "stegnuti"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "limit or restrict",
"word": "limitar"
}
],
"word": "curtail"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Old French",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Requests for review of Indonesian translations",
"Rhymes:English/eɪl",
"Rhymes:English/eɪl/2 syllables",
"Terms with Ancient Greek translations",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Catalan translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Danish translations",
"Terms with Dutch translations",
"Terms with Estonian translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Galician translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Hebrew translations",
"Terms with Ido translations",
"Terms with Indonesian translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Mandarin translations",
"Terms with Maori translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations",
"Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations",
"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fro",
"3": "courtault",
"4": "",
"5": "which has been shortened"
},
"expansion": "Old French courtault (“which has been shortened”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "curtus"
},
"expansion": "Latin curtus",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Alteration of curtal, from Old French courtault (“which has been shortened”), itself from court (“short”) (from Latin curtus) + -ault",
"forms": [
{
"form": "curtails",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "curtail (plural curtails)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"en:Architecture"
],
"glosses": [
"A scroll termination, as of a step, etc."
],
"links": [
[
"architecture",
"architecture"
],
[
"scroll",
"scroll"
],
[
"termination",
"termination"
],
[
"step",
"step"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(architecture) A scroll termination, as of a step, etc."
],
"topics": [
"architecture"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kɜːˈteɪl/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kɚˈteɪl/",
"tags": [
"US"
]
},
{
"audio": "en-us-curtail.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/7a/En-us-curtail.ogg/En-us-curtail.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7a/En-us-curtail.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-eɪl"
}
],
"word": "curtail"
}
Download raw JSONL data for curtail meaning in All languages combined (16.6kB)
{
"called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425uppercase_tags",
"msg": "curtail/English/verb: invalid uppercase tag Received-Pronunciation not in or uppercase_tags: {\"categories\": [\"English countable nouns\", \"English entries with incorrect language header\", \"English lemmas\", \"English nouns\", \"English terms derived from Latin\", \"English terms derived from Old French\", \"English verbs\", \"Entries with translation boxes\", \"Pages with 1 entry\", \"Pages with entries\", \"Requests for review of Indonesian translations\", \"Rhymes:English/eɪl\", \"Rhymes:English/eɪl/2 syllables\", \"Terms with Ancient Greek translations\", \"Terms with Bulgarian translations\", \"Terms with Catalan translations\", \"Terms with Czech translations\", \"Terms with Danish translations\", \"Terms with Dutch translations\", \"Terms with Estonian translations\", \"Terms with Finnish translations\", \"Terms with French translations\", \"Terms with Galician translations\", \"Terms with German translations\", \"Terms with Hebrew translations\", \"Terms with Ido translations\", \"Terms with Indonesian translations\", \"Terms with Irish translations\", \"Terms with Mandarin translations\", \"Terms with Maori translations\", \"Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations\", \"Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations\", \"Terms with Portuguese translations\", \"Terms with Russian translations\", \"Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations\", \"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations\", \"Terms with Spanish translations\"], \"derived\": [{\"word\": \"curtailable\"}, {\"word\": \"curtail dog\"}, {\"word\": \"curtailer\"}, {\"word\": \"curtailment\"}, {\"word\": \"uncurtailed\"}], \"etymology_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"fro\", \"3\": \"courtault\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"which has been shortened\"}, \"expansion\": \"Old French courtault (“which has been shortened”)\", \"name\": \"der\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"la\", \"3\": \"curtus\"}, \"expansion\": \"Latin curtus\", \"name\": \"der\"}], \"etymology_text\": \"Alteration of curtal, from Old French courtault (“which has been shortened”), itself from court (“short”) (from Latin curtus) + -ault\", \"forms\": [{\"form\": \"curtails\", \"tags\": [\"present\", \"singular\", \"third-person\"]}, {\"form\": \"curtailing\", \"tags\": [\"participle\", \"present\"]}, {\"form\": \"curtailed\", \"tags\": [\"participle\", \"past\"]}, {\"form\": \"curtailed\", \"tags\": [\"past\"]}], \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {}, \"expansion\": \"curtail (third-person singular simple present curtails, present participle curtailing, simple past and past participle curtailed)\", \"name\": \"en-verb\"}], \"lang\": \"English\", \"lang_code\": \"en\", \"pos\": \"verb\", \"related\": [{\"word\": \"curt\"}, {\"word\": \"curtal\"}], \"senses\": [{\"categories\": [\"English terms with obsolete senses\", \"English terms with usage examples\", \"English transitive verbs\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"Curtailing horses procured long horse-hair.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"To cut short the tail of an animal\"], \"links\": [[\"cut\", \"cut\"], [\"tail\", \"tail\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(transitive, obsolete) To cut short the tail of an animal\"], \"tags\": [\"obsolete\", \"transitive\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with usage examples\", \"English transitive verbs\"], \"examples\": [{\"text\": \"When the audience grew restless, the speaker curtailed her speech.\", \"type\": \"example\"}], \"glosses\": [\"To shorten or abridge the duration of something; to truncate.\"], \"links\": [[\"shorten\", \"shorten\"], [\"abridge\", \"abridge\"], [\"truncate\", \"truncate\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(transitive) To shorten or abridge the duration of something; to truncate.\"], \"tags\": [\"transitive\"]}, {\"categories\": [\"English terms with quotations\", \"English transitive verbs\"], \"examples\": [{\"ref\": \"1960 December, “Talking of Trains: Branch report”, in Trains Illustrated, page 708:\", \"text\": \"This is the rump of the C.L.C. branch to Southport Lord Street, which lost its passenger services beyond Aintree from January 7, 1952, whereupon the timetable between Gateacre and Aintree was greatly curtailed.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}, {\"ref\": \"2018, “Israeli gov't is trying to defund +972 Magazine, report says”, in +972 Magazine:\", \"text\": \"The current Israeli government has been working to curtail and eliminate critical voices within Israeli society in recent years, particularly those fighting to end the occupation and expose human rights violations against Palestinians and marginalized communities.\", \"type\": \"quote\"}], \"glosses\": [\"To limit or restrict, keep in check.\"], \"links\": [[\"limit\", \"limit\"], [\"restrict\", \"restrict\"], [\"in check\", \"in check\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(transitive, figuratively) To limit or restrict, keep in check.\"], \"tags\": [\"figuratively\", \"transitive\"]}], \"sounds\": [{\"ipa\": \"/kɜːˈteɪl/\", \"tags\": [\"Received-Pronunciation\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/kɚˈteɪl/\", \"tags\": [\"US\"]}, {\"audio\": \"en-us-curtail.ogg\", \"mp3_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/7a/En-us-curtail.ogg/En-us-curtail.ogg.mp3\", \"ogg_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7a/En-us-curtail.ogg\"}, {\"rhymes\": \"-eɪl\"}], \"synonyms\": [{\"sense\": \"animal's tail\", \"word\": \"crop\"}, {\"sense\": \"animal's tail\", \"word\": \"dock\"}, {\"sense\": \"shorten\", \"word\": \"abbreviate\"}, {\"word\": \"shorten\"}, {\"sense\": \"limit\", \"word\": \"behedge\"}, {\"word\": \"control\"}, {\"word\": \"limit\"}, {\"word\": \"restrain\"}], \"translations\": [{\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"podrjazvam\", \"sense\": \"cut short an animal's tail\", \"word\": \"подрязвам\"}, {\"code\": \"ca\", \"lang\": \"Catalan\", \"sense\": \"cut short an animal's tail\", \"word\": \"escurçar\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"cut short an animal's tail\", \"word\": \"beknotten\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"cut short an animal's tail\", \"word\": \"knotten\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"cut short an animal's tail\", \"word\": \"kortwieken\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"cut short an animal's tail\", \"word\": \"bekorten\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"cut short an animal's tail\", \"word\": \"inkorten\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"cut short an animal's tail\", \"word\": \"verkorten\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"cut short an animal's tail\", \"word\": \"typistää\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"cut short an animal's tail\", \"word\": \"écourter\"}, {\"code\": \"gl\", \"lang\": \"Galician\", \"sense\": \"cut short an animal's tail\", \"word\": \"derrabar\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"cut short an animal's tail\", \"word\": \"kupieren\"}, {\"code\": \"nb\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian Bokmål\", \"sense\": \"cut short an animal's tail\", \"word\": \"kupere\"}, {\"code\": \"nn\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian Nynorsk\", \"sense\": \"cut short an animal's tail\", \"word\": \"kupere\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"cut short an animal's tail\", \"word\": \"derrabar\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"ukoráčivatʹ\", \"sense\": \"cut short an animal's tail\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"укора́чивать\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"ukorotítʹ\", \"sense\": \"cut short an animal's tail\", \"tags\": [\"perfective\"], \"word\": \"укороти́ть\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"obrezátʹ\", \"sense\": \"cut short an animal's tail\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"обреза́ть\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"obrézatʹ\", \"sense\": \"cut short an animal's tail\", \"tags\": [\"perfective\"], \"word\": \"обре́зать\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"cut short an animal's tail\", \"word\": \"acortar\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"skǎsjavam\", \"sense\": \"shorten or abridge\", \"word\": \"скъсявам\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"sǎkraštavam\", \"sense\": \"shorten or abridge\", \"word\": \"съкращавам\"}, {\"code\": \"ca\", \"lang\": \"Catalan\", \"sense\": \"shorten or abridge\", \"word\": \"escurçar\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"suōjiǎn\", \"sense\": \"shorten or abridge\", \"word\": \"缩减\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"jīngjiǎn\", \"sense\": \"shorten or abridge\", \"word\": \"精简\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"shorten or abridge\", \"word\": \"zkrátit\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"shorten or abridge\", \"word\": \"forkorte\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"shorten or abridge\", \"word\": \"beknotten\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"shorten or abridge\", \"word\": \"knotten\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"shorten or abridge\", \"word\": \"kortwieken\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"shorten or abridge\", \"word\": \"bekorten\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"shorten or abridge\", \"word\": \"inkorten\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"shorten or abridge\", \"word\": \"verkorten\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"shorten or abridge\", \"word\": \"lyhentää\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"shorten or abridge\", \"word\": \"écourter\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"shorten or abridge\", \"word\": \"abréger\"}, {\"code\": \"gl\", \"lang\": \"Galician\", \"sense\": \"shorten or abridge\", \"word\": \"recortar\"}, {\"code\": \"gl\", \"lang\": \"Galician\", \"sense\": \"shorten or abridge\", \"word\": \"acurtar\"}, {\"code\": \"gl\", \"lang\": \"Galician\", \"sense\": \"shorten or abridge\", \"word\": \"abreviar\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"shorten or abridge\", \"word\": \"beschneiden\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"shorten or abridge\", \"word\": \"stutzen\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"shorten or abridge\", \"word\": \"verkürzen\"}, {\"code\": \"grc\", \"lang\": \"Ancient Greek\", \"roman\": \"suntémnō\", \"sense\": \"shorten or abridge\", \"word\": \"συντέμνω\"}, {\"code\": \"he\", \"lang\": \"Hebrew\", \"roman\": \"kitsér\", \"sense\": \"shorten or abridge\", \"word\": \"קִצֵּרקִצֵּר\"}, {\"code\": \"he\", \"lang\": \"Hebrew\", \"roman\": \"tsimtsém\", \"sense\": \"shorten or abridge\", \"word\": \"צִמְצֵם\"}, {\"code\": \"io\", \"lang\": \"Ido\", \"sense\": \"shorten or abridge\", \"word\": \"rekortar\"}, {\"code\": \"io\", \"lang\": \"Ido\", \"sense\": \"shorten or abridge\", \"word\": \"abreviar\"}, {\"code\": \"ga\", \"lang\": \"Irish\", \"sense\": \"shorten or abridge\", \"word\": \"giorraigh\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"shorten or abridge\", \"word\": \"auporo\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"shorten or abridge\", \"word\": \"tauporo\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"shorten or abridge\", \"word\": \"auporo\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"shorten or abridge\", \"word\": \"totope\"}, {\"code\": \"nb\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian Bokmål\", \"sense\": \"shorten or abridge\", \"word\": \"forkorte\"}, {\"code\": \"nn\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian Nynorsk\", \"sense\": \"shorten or abridge\", \"word\": \"forkorte\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"shorten or abridge\", \"word\": \"encurtar\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"sokraščátʹ\", \"sense\": \"shorten or abridge\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"сокраща́ть\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"sokratítʹ\", \"sense\": \"shorten or abridge\", \"tags\": [\"perfective\"], \"word\": \"сократи́ть\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"urezátʹ\", \"sense\": \"shorten or abridge\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"уреза́ть\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"urézatʹ\", \"sense\": \"shorten or abridge\", \"tags\": [\"perfective\"], \"word\": \"уре́зать\"}, {\"code\": \"gd\", \"lang\": \"Scottish Gaelic\", \"sense\": \"shorten or abridge\", \"word\": \"giorraich\"}, {\"code\": \"sh\", \"lang\": \"Serbo-Croatian\", \"sense\": \"shorten or abridge\", \"word\": \"skratiti\"}, {\"code\": \"sh\", \"lang\": \"Serbo-Croatian\", \"sense\": \"shorten or abridge\", \"word\": \"smanjiti\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"shorten or abridge\", \"word\": \"acortar\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"shorten or abridge\", \"word\": \"truncar\"}, {\"code\": \"bg\", \"lang\": \"Bulgarian\", \"roman\": \"ograníčavam\", \"sense\": \"limit or restrict\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"ограни́чавам\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"xiànzhì\", \"sense\": \"limit or restrict\", \"word\": \"限制\"}, {\"code\": \"cmn\", \"lang\": \"Chinese Mandarin\", \"roman\": \"zhìyuē\", \"sense\": \"limit or restrict\", \"word\": \"制约\"}, {\"code\": \"cs\", \"lang\": \"Czech\", \"sense\": \"limit or restrict\", \"word\": \"omezit\"}, {\"code\": \"da\", \"lang\": \"Danish\", \"sense\": \"limit or restrict\", \"word\": \"begrænse\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"limit or restrict\", \"word\": \"beknotten\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"limit or restrict\", \"word\": \"kort houden\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"limit or restrict\", \"word\": \"kortwieken\"}, {\"code\": \"nl\", \"lang\": \"Dutch\", \"sense\": \"limit or restrict\", \"word\": \"beperken\"}, {\"code\": \"et\", \"lang\": \"Estonian\", \"sense\": \"limit or restrict\", \"word\": \"piirama\"}, {\"code\": \"fi\", \"lang\": \"Finnish\", \"sense\": \"limit or restrict\", \"word\": \"rajoittaa\"}, {\"code\": \"fr\", \"lang\": \"French\", \"sense\": \"limit or restrict\", \"word\": \"restreindre\"}, {\"code\": \"gl\", \"lang\": \"Galician\", \"sense\": \"limit or restrict\", \"word\": \"limitar\"}, {\"code\": \"gl\", \"lang\": \"Galician\", \"sense\": \"limit or restrict\", \"word\": \"coartar\"}, {\"code\": \"gl\", \"lang\": \"Galician\", \"sense\": \"limit or restrict\", \"word\": \"restrinxir\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"limit or restrict\", \"word\": \"beschränken\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"limit or restrict\", \"word\": \"beschneiden\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"limit or restrict\", \"word\": \"drosseln\"}, {\"code\": \"de\", \"lang\": \"German\", \"sense\": \"limit or restrict\", \"word\": \"kürzen\"}, {\"code\": \"mi\", \"lang\": \"Maori\", \"sense\": \"limit or restrict\", \"word\": \"totope\"}, {\"code\": \"nb\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian Bokmål\", \"sense\": \"limit or restrict\", \"word\": \"begrense\"}, {\"code\": \"nn\", \"lang\": \"Norwegian Nynorsk\", \"sense\": \"limit or restrict\", \"word\": \"avgrense\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"limit or restrict\", \"word\": \"limitar\"}, {\"code\": \"pt\", \"lang\": \"Portuguese\", \"sense\": \"limit or restrict\", \"word\": \"restringir\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"ograníčivatʹ\", \"sense\": \"limit or restrict\", \"tags\": [\"imperfective\"], \"word\": \"ограни́чивать\"}, {\"code\": \"ru\", \"lang\": \"Russian\", \"roman\": \"ograníčitʹ\", \"sense\": \"limit or restrict\", \"tags\": [\"perfective\"], \"word\": \"ограни́чить\"}, {\"code\": \"sh\", \"lang\": \"Serbo-Croatian\", \"sense\": \"limit or restrict\", \"word\": \"ograničiti\"}, {\"code\": \"sh\", \"lang\": \"Serbo-Croatian\", \"sense\": \"limit or restrict\", \"word\": \"stegnuti\"}, {\"code\": \"es\", \"lang\": \"Spanish\", \"sense\": \"limit or restrict\", \"word\": \"limitar\"}], \"word\": \"curtail\"}",
"path": [],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "curtail",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425uppercase_tags",
"msg": "curtail/English/noun: invalid uppercase tag Received-Pronunciation not in or uppercase_tags: {\"categories\": [\"English countable nouns\", \"English entries with incorrect language header\", \"English lemmas\", \"English nouns\", \"English terms derived from Latin\", \"English terms derived from Old French\", \"English verbs\", \"Entries with translation boxes\", \"Pages with 1 entry\", \"Pages with entries\", \"Requests for review of Indonesian translations\", \"Rhymes:English/eɪl\", \"Rhymes:English/eɪl/2 syllables\", \"Terms with Ancient Greek translations\", \"Terms with Bulgarian translations\", \"Terms with Catalan translations\", \"Terms with Czech translations\", \"Terms with Danish translations\", \"Terms with Dutch translations\", \"Terms with Estonian translations\", \"Terms with Finnish translations\", \"Terms with French translations\", \"Terms with Galician translations\", \"Terms with German translations\", \"Terms with Hebrew translations\", \"Terms with Ido translations\", \"Terms with Indonesian translations\", \"Terms with Irish translations\", \"Terms with Mandarin translations\", \"Terms with Maori translations\", \"Terms with Norwegian Bokmål translations\", \"Terms with Norwegian Nynorsk translations\", \"Terms with Portuguese translations\", \"Terms with Russian translations\", \"Terms with Scottish Gaelic translations\", \"Terms with Serbo-Croatian translations\", \"Terms with Spanish translations\"], \"etymology_templates\": [{\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"fro\", \"3\": \"courtault\", \"4\": \"\", \"5\": \"which has been shortened\"}, \"expansion\": \"Old French courtault (“which has been shortened”)\", \"name\": \"der\"}, {\"args\": {\"1\": \"en\", \"2\": \"la\", \"3\": \"curtus\"}, \"expansion\": \"Latin curtus\", \"name\": \"der\"}], \"etymology_text\": \"Alteration of curtal, from Old French courtault (“which has been shortened”), itself from court (“short”) (from Latin curtus) + -ault\", \"forms\": [{\"form\": \"curtails\", \"tags\": [\"plural\"]}], \"head_templates\": [{\"args\": {}, \"expansion\": \"curtail (plural curtails)\", \"name\": \"en-noun\"}], \"lang\": \"English\", \"lang_code\": \"en\", \"pos\": \"noun\", \"senses\": [{\"categories\": [\"en:Architecture\"], \"glosses\": [\"A scroll termination, as of a step, etc.\"], \"links\": [[\"architecture\", \"architecture\"], [\"scroll\", \"scroll\"], [\"termination\", \"termination\"], [\"step\", \"step\"]], \"raw_glosses\": [\"(architecture) A scroll termination, as of a step, etc.\"], \"topics\": [\"architecture\"]}], \"sounds\": [{\"ipa\": \"/kɜːˈteɪl/\", \"tags\": [\"Received-Pronunciation\"]}, {\"ipa\": \"/kɚˈteɪl/\", \"tags\": [\"US\"]}, {\"audio\": \"en-us-curtail.ogg\", \"mp3_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/7a/En-us-curtail.ogg/En-us-curtail.ogg.mp3\", \"ogg_url\": \"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7a/En-us-curtail.ogg\"}, {\"rhymes\": \"-eɪl\"}], \"word\": \"curtail\"}",
"path": [],
"section": "English",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "curtail",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.