"crwth" meaning in All languages combined

See crwth on Wiktionary

Noun [English]

IPA: /kɹuθ/ [General-American], /kɹuːθ/ [Received-Pronunciation] Audio: en-us-crwth.ogg Forms: crwths [plural]
Rhymes: -uːθ Etymology: From earlier crowd, from Middle English crowde, reinforced by and cognate to Welsh crwth; ultimately from Proto-Celtic *kruttos (“round thing”). Etymology templates: {{inh|en|enm|crowde}} Middle English crowde, {{der|en|cy|crwth}} Welsh crwth, {{der|en|cel-pro|*kruttos|t=round thing}} Proto-Celtic *kruttos (“round thing”) Head templates: {{en-noun}} crwth (plural crwths)
  1. (historical) An archaic stringed instrument associated particularly with Wales, though once played widely in Europe, and characterized by a vaulted back and enough space for the player to stop each of the six strings on the fingerboard. Played variously by plucking or bowing. Wikipedia link: crwth Tags: historical Categories (topical): String instruments Synonyms: chrotta, rote, crowd, cruth, crowth, crouth Derived forms: crowder, Crowder [surname] Translations (archaic stringed instrument): քրոթ (kʻrotʻ) (Armenian), krouzh (Breton), Crwth [feminine] (German), cruit [feminine] (Irish), crotta [feminine] (Italian), क्रुथ (kruth) (Marathi), crowde (Middle English), кро́та (króta) [feminine] (Russian), crota [feminine] (Spanish), crwth (Welsh)

Noun [Welsh]

IPA: /kruːθ/ Forms: crythau [plural], no-table-tags [table-tags], crwth [mutation, mutation-radical], grwth [mutation, mutation-soft], nghrwth [mutation, mutation-nasal], chrwth [mutation, mutation-aspirate]
Etymology: From Middle Welsh crwth, from Proto-Brythonic *kruθ, from Proto-Celtic *kruttos (“round thing”), perhaps related to Latvian krūtis (“breast, bust”), from Proto-Indo-European *krū̆t; but it could instead be loaned from a non-Indo-European substrate. Possibly related to Proto-Celtic *krundis (“round”). Compare Old Irish crott (“harp, lute”). Etymology templates: {{inh|cy|wlm|crwth}} Middle Welsh crwth, {{inh|cy|cel-bry-pro|*kruθ}} Proto-Brythonic *kruθ, {{inh|cy|cel-pro|*kruttos|t=round thing}} Proto-Celtic *kruttos (“round thing”), {{cog|lv|krūtis||breast, bust}} Latvian krūtis (“breast, bust”), {{der|cy|ine-pro|*krū̆t}} Proto-Indo-European *krū̆t, {{der|cy|qfa-sub|-}} substrate, {{cog|cel-pro|*krundis||round}} Proto-Celtic *krundis (“round”), {{cog|sga|crott|t=harp, lute}} Old Irish crott (“harp, lute”) Head templates: {{cy-noun|m|crythau}} crwth m (plural crythau) Inflection templates: {{cy-mut}}
  1. (music) crwth; fiddle, violin, viol Tags: masculine Categories (topical): Musical instruments, Animal sounds, String instruments
    Sense id: en-crwth-cy-noun-vKjYUvYi Disambiguation of Animal sounds: 43 13 32 11 Disambiguation of String instruments: 69 5 21 5 Topics: entertainment, lifestyle, music
  2. purring (of a cat) Tags: masculine
    Sense id: en-crwth-cy-noun-NW0bqRAK
  3. hump, hunch on the back, convexity; hunchback; hunchbacked, rounded, bent, convex Tags: masculine
    Sense id: en-crwth-cy-noun-bPlqQoVH Categories (other): Welsh entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Welsh entries with incorrect language header: 16 12 54 18
  4. anything of round or bulging shape, especially a vessel, basket, box Tags: masculine
    Sense id: en-crwth-cy-noun-bzccAeEz

Inflected forms

Alternative forms

Download JSON data for crwth meaning in All languages combined (9.5kB)

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          "word": "chrotta"
        },
        {
          "word": "rote"
        },
        {
          "word": "crowd"
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        {
          "word": "cruth"
        },
        {
          "word": "crowth"
        },
        {
          "word": "crouth"
        }
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          "code": "hy",
          "lang": "Armenian",
          "roman": "kʻrotʻ",
          "sense": "archaic stringed instrument",
          "word": "քրոթ"
        },
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          "code": "br",
          "lang": "Breton",
          "sense": "archaic stringed instrument",
          "word": "krouzh"
        },
        {
          "code": "de",
          "lang": "German",
          "sense": "archaic stringed instrument",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "Crwth"
        },
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          "code": "ga",
          "lang": "Irish",
          "sense": "archaic stringed instrument",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "cruit"
        },
        {
          "code": "it",
          "lang": "Italian",
          "sense": "archaic stringed instrument",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
          "word": "crotta"
        },
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          "code": "mr",
          "lang": "Marathi",
          "roman": "kruth",
          "sense": "archaic stringed instrument",
          "word": "क्रुथ"
        },
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          "code": "enm",
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          "sense": "archaic stringed instrument",
          "word": "crowde"
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          "code": "ru",
          "lang": "Russian",
          "roman": "króta",
          "sense": "archaic stringed instrument",
          "tags": [
            "feminine"
          ],
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          "code": "es",
          "lang": "Spanish",
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            "feminine"
          ],
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          "sense": "archaic stringed instrument",
          "word": "crwth"
        }
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      ]
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      "ipa": "/kɹuθ/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kɹuːθ/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-uːθ"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-us-crwth.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/da/En-us-crwth.ogg/En-us-crwth.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/da/En-us-crwth.ogg"
    }
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}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cy",
        "2": "wlm",
        "3": "crwth"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Welsh crwth",
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    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cy",
        "2": "cel-bry-pro",
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        "plural"
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      "form": "no-table-tags",
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        "table-tags"
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      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
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    },
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      "form": "crwth",
      "source": "mutation",
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      "form": "grwth",
      "source": "mutation",
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        "mutation",
        "mutation-soft"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nghrwth",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "mutation",
        "mutation-nasal"
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      "form": "chrwth",
      "source": "mutation",
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  "lang_code": "cy",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
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      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "topical",
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            "Tools",
            "Art",
            "Sound",
            "Technology",
            "Culture",
            "Energy",
            "All topics",
            "Society",
            "Nature",
            "Fundamental"
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          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "43 13 32 11",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "cy",
          "name": "Animal sounds",
          "orig": "cy:Animal sounds",
          "parents": [
            "Sounds",
            "Vocalizations",
            "Sound",
            "Communication",
            "Energy",
            "All topics",
            "Nature",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "69 5 21 5",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "cy",
          "name": "String instruments",
          "orig": "cy:String instruments",
          "parents": [
            "Musical instruments",
            "Music",
            "Tools",
            "Art",
            "Sound",
            "Technology",
            "Culture",
            "Energy",
            "All topics",
            "Society",
            "Nature",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "crwth; fiddle, violin, viol"
      ],
      "id": "en-crwth-cy-noun-vKjYUvYi",
      "links": [
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          "music"
        ],
        [
          "crwth",
          "crwth#English"
        ],
        [
          "fiddle",
          "fiddle"
        ],
        [
          "violin",
          "violin"
        ],
        [
          "viol",
          "viol"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(music) crwth; fiddle, violin, viol"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "entertainment",
        "lifestyle",
        "music"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "purring (of a cat)"
      ],
      "id": "en-crwth-cy-noun-NW0bqRAK",
      "links": [
        [
          "purring",
          "purring"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
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          "_dis": "16 12 54 18",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Welsh entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "hump, hunch on the back, convexity; hunchback; hunchbacked, rounded, bent, convex"
      ],
      "id": "en-crwth-cy-noun-bPlqQoVH",
      "links": [
        [
          "hump",
          "hump"
        ],
        [
          "hunch",
          "hunch"
        ],
        [
          "convexity",
          "convexity"
        ],
        [
          "hunchback",
          "hunchback"
        ],
        [
          "hunchbacked",
          "hunchbacked"
        ],
        [
          "rounded",
          "rounded"
        ],
        [
          "bent",
          "bent"
        ],
        [
          "convex",
          "convex"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "anything of round or bulging shape, especially a vessel, basket, box"
      ],
      "id": "en-crwth-cy-noun-bzccAeEz",
      "links": [
        [
          "round",
          "round"
        ],
        [
          "bulging",
          "bulging"
        ],
        [
          "vessel",
          "vessel"
        ],
        [
          "basket",
          "basket"
        ],
        [
          "box",
          "box"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/kruːθ/"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Brill Publishers"
  ],
  "word": "crwth"
}
{
  "categories": [
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    "cy:String instruments"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "crowder"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
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      ],
      "word": "Crowder"
    }
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    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From earlier crowd, from Middle English crowde, reinforced by and cognate to Welsh crwth; ultimately from Proto-Celtic *kruttos (“round thing”).",
  "forms": [
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      "form": "crwths",
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  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "crwth (plural crwths)",
      "name": "en-noun"
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  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English 1-syllable words",
        "English countable nouns",
        "English entries with incorrect language header",
        "English entries with language name categories using raw markup",
        "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
        "English lemmas",
        "English nouns",
        "English terms derived from Middle English",
        "English terms derived from Proto-Celtic",
        "English terms derived from Welsh",
        "English terms inherited from Middle English",
        "English terms with IPA pronunciation",
        "English terms with audio links",
        "English terms with historical senses",
        "English terms with quotations",
        "English terms with vocalic W",
        "English words without vowels",
        "Rhymes:English/uːθ",
        "Rhymes:English/uːθ/1 syllable",
        "Terms with Armenian translations",
        "Terms with Breton translations",
        "Terms with German translations",
        "Terms with Irish translations",
        "Terms with Italian translations",
        "Terms with Marathi translations",
        "Terms with Middle English translations",
        "Terms with Russian translations",
        "Terms with Spanish translations",
        "Terms with Welsh translations",
        "en:String instruments"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "ref": "1895, John Frederick Rowbotham, The Troubadours and Courts of Love",
          "text": "We find in one period crwths, with the strings twanged with the right hand, and stopped above with the left, being held as we hold a violoncello to-day, but being small, on the lap.",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "An archaic stringed instrument associated particularly with Wales, though once played widely in Europe, and characterized by a vaulted back and enough space for the player to stop each of the six strings on the fingerboard. Played variously by plucking or bowing."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "archaic",
          "archaic"
        ],
        [
          "instrument",
          "instrument"
        ],
        [
          "Wales",
          "Wales"
        ],
        [
          "Europe",
          "Europe"
        ],
        [
          "fingerboard",
          "fingerboard"
        ],
        [
          "pluck",
          "pluck"
        ],
        [
          "bow",
          "bow"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(historical) An archaic stringed instrument associated particularly with Wales, though once played widely in Europe, and characterized by a vaulted back and enough space for the player to stop each of the six strings on the fingerboard. Played variously by plucking or bowing."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "historical"
      ],
      "wikipedia": [
        "crwth"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/kɹuθ/",
      "tags": [
        "General-American"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kɹuːθ/",
      "tags": [
        "Received-Pronunciation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-uːθ"
    },
    {
      "audio": "en-us-crwth.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/da/En-us-crwth.ogg/En-us-crwth.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/da/En-us-crwth.ogg"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "word": "chrotta"
    },
    {
      "word": "rote"
    },
    {
      "word": "crowd"
    },
    {
      "word": "cruth"
    },
    {
      "word": "crowth"
    },
    {
      "word": "crouth"
    }
  ],
  "translations": [
    {
      "code": "hy",
      "lang": "Armenian",
      "roman": "kʻrotʻ",
      "sense": "archaic stringed instrument",
      "word": "քրոթ"
    },
    {
      "code": "br",
      "lang": "Breton",
      "sense": "archaic stringed instrument",
      "word": "krouzh"
    },
    {
      "code": "de",
      "lang": "German",
      "sense": "archaic stringed instrument",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "Crwth"
    },
    {
      "code": "ga",
      "lang": "Irish",
      "sense": "archaic stringed instrument",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "cruit"
    },
    {
      "code": "it",
      "lang": "Italian",
      "sense": "archaic stringed instrument",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "crotta"
    },
    {
      "code": "mr",
      "lang": "Marathi",
      "roman": "kruth",
      "sense": "archaic stringed instrument",
      "word": "क्रुथ"
    },
    {
      "code": "enm",
      "lang": "Middle English",
      "sense": "archaic stringed instrument",
      "word": "crowde"
    },
    {
      "code": "ru",
      "lang": "Russian",
      "roman": "króta",
      "sense": "archaic stringed instrument",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "кро́та"
    },
    {
      "code": "es",
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "sense": "archaic stringed instrument",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ],
      "word": "crota"
    },
    {
      "code": "cy",
      "lang": "Welsh",
      "sense": "archaic stringed instrument",
      "word": "crwth"
    }
  ],
  "word": "crwth"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Welsh countable nouns",
    "Welsh entries with incorrect language header",
    "Welsh lemmas",
    "Welsh masculine nouns",
    "Welsh nouns",
    "Welsh terms derived from Middle Welsh",
    "Welsh terms derived from Proto-Brythonic",
    "Welsh terms derived from Proto-Celtic",
    "Welsh terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Welsh terms derived from substrate languages",
    "Welsh terms inherited from Middle Welsh",
    "Welsh terms inherited from Proto-Brythonic",
    "Welsh terms inherited from Proto-Celtic",
    "Welsh terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "cy:Animal sounds",
    "cy:String instruments"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cy",
        "2": "wlm",
        "3": "crwth"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Welsh crwth",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cy",
        "2": "cel-bry-pro",
        "3": "*kruθ"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Brythonic *kruθ",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cy",
        "2": "cel-pro",
        "3": "*kruttos",
        "t": "round thing"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Celtic *kruttos (“round thing”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "krūtis",
        "3": "",
        "4": "breast, bust"
      },
      "expansion": "Latvian krūtis (“breast, bust”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cy",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*krū̆t"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *krū̆t",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cy",
        "2": "qfa-sub",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "substrate",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cel-pro",
        "2": "*krundis",
        "3": "",
        "4": "round"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Celtic *krundis (“round”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "crott",
        "t": "harp, lute"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Irish crott (“harp, lute”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle Welsh crwth, from Proto-Brythonic *kruθ, from Proto-Celtic *kruttos (“round thing”), perhaps related to Latvian krūtis (“breast, bust”), from Proto-Indo-European *krū̆t; but it could instead be loaned from a non-Indo-European substrate. Possibly related to Proto-Celtic *krundis (“round”). Compare Old Irish crott (“harp, lute”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "crythau",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "cy-mut",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "crwth",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "mutation",
        "mutation-radical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "grwth",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "mutation",
        "mutation-soft"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nghrwth",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "mutation",
        "mutation-nasal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "chrwth",
      "source": "mutation",
      "tags": [
        "mutation",
        "mutation-aspirate"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "m",
        "2": "crythau"
      },
      "expansion": "crwth m (plural crythau)",
      "name": "cy-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "cy-mut"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Welsh",
  "lang_code": "cy",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "cy:Musical instruments"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "crwth; fiddle, violin, viol"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "music",
          "music"
        ],
        [
          "crwth",
          "crwth#English"
        ],
        [
          "fiddle",
          "fiddle"
        ],
        [
          "violin",
          "violin"
        ],
        [
          "viol",
          "viol"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(music) crwth; fiddle, violin, viol"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "entertainment",
        "lifestyle",
        "music"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "purring (of a cat)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "purring",
          "purring"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "hump, hunch on the back, convexity; hunchback; hunchbacked, rounded, bent, convex"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "hump",
          "hump"
        ],
        [
          "hunch",
          "hunch"
        ],
        [
          "convexity",
          "convexity"
        ],
        [
          "hunchback",
          "hunchback"
        ],
        [
          "hunchbacked",
          "hunchbacked"
        ],
        [
          "rounded",
          "rounded"
        ],
        [
          "bent",
          "bent"
        ],
        [
          "convex",
          "convex"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "anything of round or bulging shape, especially a vessel, basket, box"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "round",
          "round"
        ],
        [
          "bulging",
          "bulging"
        ],
        [
          "vessel",
          "vessel"
        ],
        [
          "basket",
          "basket"
        ],
        [
          "box",
          "box"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/kruːθ/"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Brill Publishers"
  ],
  "word": "crwth"
}
{
  "called_from": "inflection/2522",
  "msg": "rejected heuristic header: table cell identified as header based on style, BUT the cleaned text is not in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Welsh]; cleaned text: grwth, style: padding-bottom:4px;////NodeKind.TABLE_CELL",
  "path": [
    "crwth"
  ],
  "section": "Welsh",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "crwth",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/2522",
  "msg": "rejected heuristic header: table cell identified as header based on style, BUT the cleaned text is not in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Welsh]; cleaned text: nghrwth, style: padding-bottom:4px;////NodeKind.TABLE_CELL",
  "path": [
    "crwth"
  ],
  "section": "Welsh",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "crwth",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/2522",
  "msg": "rejected heuristic header: table cell identified as header based on style, BUT the cleaned text is not in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Welsh]; cleaned text: chrwth, style: padding-bottom:4px;////NodeKind.TABLE_CELL",
  "path": [
    "crwth"
  ],
  "section": "Welsh",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "crwth",
  "trace": ""
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-06-23 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-06-20 using wiktextract (1b9bfc5 and 0136956). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.