See craw on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for craw meaning in All languages combined (12.8kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "stick in someone's craw"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Middle English",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "craue"
},
"expansion": "craue",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "dum",
"3": "crāghe"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch crāghe",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gml",
"3": "crāghe",
"t": "collar, neck"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German crāghe (“collar, neck”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*kragô",
"t": "throat"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *kragô (“throat”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*gʷrogʰ-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʷrogʰ-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*gʷrh₃-gʰ-",
"4": "throat, gullet"
},
"expansion": "*gʷrh₃-gʰ- (“throat, gullet”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "bráge",
"3": "",
"4": "throat, gullet"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish bráge (“throat, gullet”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "βρόχθος",
"t": "throat"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek βρόχθος (brókhthos, “throat”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Germanic",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "krave"
},
"expansion": "Danish krave",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Kragen",
"3": "",
"4": "collar"
},
"expansion": "German Kragen (“collar”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "Kraga",
"3": "kraga",
"t": "neck"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch kraga (“neck”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "kraag"
},
"expansion": "Dutch kraag",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "crag#Etymology 2",
"pos": "Etymology 2"
},
"expansion": "crag (Etymology 2)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Late Middle English, also attested as craue, from or related to Middle Dutch crāghe or Middle Low German crāghe (“collar, neck”), from Proto-Germanic *kragô (“throat”), probably from Proto-Indo-European *gʷrogʰ- or *gʷrh₃-gʰ- (“throat, gullet”), whence also Old Irish bráge (“throat, gullet”) and perhaps Ancient Greek βρόχθος (brókhthos, “throat”).\nOther Germanic cognates include Danish krave, German Kragen (“collar”) and Old Dutch kraga (“neck”) (whence modern Dutch kraag). See also crag (Etymology 2).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "craws",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "craw (plural craws)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"The stomach of an animal."
],
"id": "en-craw-en-noun-2wA1IdaO",
"links": [
[
"stomach",
"stomach"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) The stomach of an animal."
],
"tags": [
"archaic"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"The crop of a bird."
],
"id": "en-craw-en-noun-3K1tIv2F",
"links": [
[
"crop",
"crop"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "0 100",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "guša",
"sense": "Crop of a bird",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "гуша"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "Crop of a bird",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "goitre"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "Crop of a bird",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "jabot"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "Crop of a bird",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "prócar"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "Crop of a bird",
"word": "tāngaengae"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "Crop of a bird",
"word": "tenga"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "Crop of a bird",
"word": "tangai"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "Crop of a bird",
"word": "nae"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100",
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "kursak",
"sense": "Crop of a bird",
"word": "قورساق"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100",
"code": "pdt",
"lang": "Plautdietsch",
"sense": "Crop of a bird",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Kropp"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "Crop of a bird",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "papo"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "zob",
"sense": "Crop of a bird",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "зоб"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "Crop of a bird",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "(vtáčí) zob"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "Crop of a bird",
"word": "kursak"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kɹɔː/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔː"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-craw.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d5/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-craw.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-craw.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d5/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-craw.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-craw.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "crop"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "gullet"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "crag"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"crop (anatomy)"
],
"word": "craw"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Middle English",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "craue"
},
"expansion": "craue",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "dum",
"3": "crāghe"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch crāghe",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gml",
"3": "crāghe",
"t": "collar, neck"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German crāghe (“collar, neck”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*kragô",
"t": "throat"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *kragô (“throat”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*gʷrogʰ-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʷrogʰ-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*gʷrh₃-gʰ-",
"4": "throat, gullet"
},
"expansion": "*gʷrh₃-gʰ- (“throat, gullet”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "bráge",
"3": "",
"4": "throat, gullet"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish bráge (“throat, gullet”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "βρόχθος",
"t": "throat"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek βρόχθος (brókhthos, “throat”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Germanic",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "krave"
},
"expansion": "Danish krave",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Kragen",
"3": "",
"4": "collar"
},
"expansion": "German Kragen (“collar”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "Kraga",
"3": "kraga",
"t": "neck"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch kraga (“neck”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "kraag"
},
"expansion": "Dutch kraag",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "crag#Etymology 2",
"pos": "Etymology 2"
},
"expansion": "crag (Etymology 2)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Late Middle English, also attested as craue, from or related to Middle Dutch crāghe or Middle Low German crāghe (“collar, neck”), from Proto-Germanic *kragô (“throat”), probably from Proto-Indo-European *gʷrogʰ- or *gʷrh₃-gʰ- (“throat, gullet”), whence also Old Irish bráge (“throat, gullet”) and perhaps Ancient Greek βρόχθος (brókhthos, “throat”).\nOther Germanic cognates include Danish krave, German Kragen (“collar”) and Old Dutch kraga (“neck”) (whence modern Dutch kraag). See also crag (Etymology 2).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "craws",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "crawing",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "crawed",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "crawed",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "craw (third-person singular simple present craws, present participle crawing, simple past and past participle crawed)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "17 17 66",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 5 90",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English links with manual fragments",
"parents": [
"Links with manual fragments",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1828, David Macbeth Moir, The Life of Mansie Wauch",
"text": "The night was now pitmirk; the wind soughed amid the head-stones and railings of the gentry, (for we must all die,) and the black corbies in the steeple-holes cackled and crawed in a fearsome manner.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To caw, crow."
],
"id": "en-craw-en-verb-D0S-kh9s",
"links": [
[
"caw",
"caw"
],
[
"crow",
"crow"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) To caw, crow."
],
"tags": [
"archaic"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kɹɔː/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔː"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-craw.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d5/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-craw.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-craw.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d5/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-craw.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-craw.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "crag"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"crop (anatomy)"
],
"word": "craw"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "craw",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "crowe"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of crowe"
],
"id": "en-craw-enm-noun-MlZm5vLU",
"links": [
[
"crowe",
"crowe#Middle English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "craw"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "crawen",
"3": "",
"4": "crust, rind"
},
"expansion": "crawen (“crust, rind”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*greup"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *greup",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*krus-",
"4": "",
"5": "crust"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *krus- (“crust”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "crusta",
"3": "",
"4": "crust"
},
"expansion": "Latin crusta (“crust”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "κρύος",
"3": "",
"4": "frost, icy cold"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek κρύος (krúos, “frost, icy cold”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "κρύσταλλος",
"3": "",
"4": "crystal, ice"
},
"expansion": "κρύσταλλος (krústallos, “crystal, ice”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬑𐬭𐬎𐬰𐬛𐬭𐬀",
"t": "hard"
},
"expansion": "Avestan 𐬑𐬭𐬎𐬰𐬛𐬭𐬀 (xruzdra, “hard”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "क्रूड्",
"3": "",
"4": "thicken, make hard"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit क्रूड् (krūḍ, “thicken, make hard”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From crawen (“crust, rind”), from Proto-Celtic *greup, from Proto-Indo-European *krus- (“crust”), see also Latin crusta (“crust”), Ancient Greek κρύος (krúos, “frost, icy cold”), κρύσταλλος (krústallos, “crystal, ice”), Avestan 𐬑𐬭𐬎𐬰𐬛𐬭𐬀 (xruzdra, “hard”), Sanskrit क्रूड् (krūḍ, “thicken, make hard”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "crawiau",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "cy-mut-auto",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "craw",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"mutation",
"mutation-radical"
]
},
{
"form": "graw",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"mutation",
"mutation-soft"
]
},
{
"form": "nghraw",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"mutation",
"mutation-nasal"
]
},
{
"form": "chraw",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"mutation",
"mutation-aspirate"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "crawiau"
},
"expansion": "craw m (plural crawiau)",
"name": "cy-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "cy-mut-auto"
}
],
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"a rejected piece of slate, often used for building fences in quarrying regions of north Wales"
],
"id": "en-craw-cy-noun-UHjLa4vU",
"links": [
[
"slate",
"slate"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "27 73",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Welsh entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a bad person, a bad lot"
],
"id": "en-craw-cy-noun-Svx0dCRs",
"links": [
[
"bad",
"bad"
],
[
"bad lot",
"bad lot"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kraːu̯/",
"tags": [
"North-Wales"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/krau̯/",
"tags": [
"South-Wales"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"cy:craw"
],
"word": "craw"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English links with manual fragments",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle Dutch",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Middle Low German",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English verbs",
"Rhymes:English/ɔː",
"Rhymes:English/ɔː/1 syllable"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "stick in someone's craw"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Middle English",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "craue"
},
"expansion": "craue",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "dum",
"3": "crāghe"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch crāghe",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gml",
"3": "crāghe",
"t": "collar, neck"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German crāghe (“collar, neck”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*kragô",
"t": "throat"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *kragô (“throat”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*gʷrogʰ-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʷrogʰ-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*gʷrh₃-gʰ-",
"4": "throat, gullet"
},
"expansion": "*gʷrh₃-gʰ- (“throat, gullet”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "bráge",
"3": "",
"4": "throat, gullet"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish bráge (“throat, gullet”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "βρόχθος",
"t": "throat"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek βρόχθος (brókhthos, “throat”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Germanic",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "krave"
},
"expansion": "Danish krave",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Kragen",
"3": "",
"4": "collar"
},
"expansion": "German Kragen (“collar”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "Kraga",
"3": "kraga",
"t": "neck"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch kraga (“neck”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "kraag"
},
"expansion": "Dutch kraag",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "crag#Etymology 2",
"pos": "Etymology 2"
},
"expansion": "crag (Etymology 2)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Late Middle English, also attested as craue, from or related to Middle Dutch crāghe or Middle Low German crāghe (“collar, neck”), from Proto-Germanic *kragô (“throat”), probably from Proto-Indo-European *gʷrogʰ- or *gʷrh₃-gʰ- (“throat, gullet”), whence also Old Irish bráge (“throat, gullet”) and perhaps Ancient Greek βρόχθος (brókhthos, “throat”).\nOther Germanic cognates include Danish krave, German Kragen (“collar”) and Old Dutch kraga (“neck”) (whence modern Dutch kraag). See also crag (Etymology 2).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "craws",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "craw (plural craws)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with archaic senses"
],
"glosses": [
"The stomach of an animal."
],
"links": [
[
"stomach",
"stomach"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) The stomach of an animal."
],
"tags": [
"archaic"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"The crop of a bird."
],
"links": [
[
"crop",
"crop"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kɹɔː/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔː"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-craw.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d5/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-craw.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-craw.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d5/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-craw.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-craw.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "crop"
},
{
"word": "gullet"
},
{
"word": "crag"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "guša",
"sense": "Crop of a bird",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "гуша"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "Crop of a bird",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "goitre"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "Crop of a bird",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "jabot"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "Crop of a bird",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "prócar"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "Crop of a bird",
"word": "tāngaengae"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "Crop of a bird",
"word": "tenga"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "Crop of a bird",
"word": "tangai"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "Crop of a bird",
"word": "nae"
},
{
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "kursak",
"sense": "Crop of a bird",
"word": "قورساق"
},
{
"code": "pdt",
"lang": "Plautdietsch",
"sense": "Crop of a bird",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Kropp"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "Crop of a bird",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "papo"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "zob",
"sense": "Crop of a bird",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "зоб"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "Crop of a bird",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "(vtáčí) zob"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "Crop of a bird",
"word": "kursak"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"crop (anatomy)"
],
"word": "craw"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English links with manual fragments",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle Dutch",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Middle Low German",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English verbs",
"Rhymes:English/ɔː",
"Rhymes:English/ɔː/1 syllable"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Middle English",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "craue"
},
"expansion": "craue",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "dum",
"3": "crāghe"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch crāghe",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gml",
"3": "crāghe",
"t": "collar, neck"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German crāghe (“collar, neck”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*kragô",
"t": "throat"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *kragô (“throat”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*gʷrogʰ-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʷrogʰ-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*gʷrh₃-gʰ-",
"4": "throat, gullet"
},
"expansion": "*gʷrh₃-gʰ- (“throat, gullet”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "bráge",
"3": "",
"4": "throat, gullet"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish bráge (“throat, gullet”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "βρόχθος",
"t": "throat"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek βρόχθος (brókhthos, “throat”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Germanic",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "krave"
},
"expansion": "Danish krave",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Kragen",
"3": "",
"4": "collar"
},
"expansion": "German Kragen (“collar”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "Kraga",
"3": "kraga",
"t": "neck"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch kraga (“neck”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "kraag"
},
"expansion": "Dutch kraag",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "crag#Etymology 2",
"pos": "Etymology 2"
},
"expansion": "crag (Etymology 2)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Late Middle English, also attested as craue, from or related to Middle Dutch crāghe or Middle Low German crāghe (“collar, neck”), from Proto-Germanic *kragô (“throat”), probably from Proto-Indo-European *gʷrogʰ- or *gʷrh₃-gʰ- (“throat, gullet”), whence also Old Irish bráge (“throat, gullet”) and perhaps Ancient Greek βρόχθος (brókhthos, “throat”).\nOther Germanic cognates include Danish krave, German Kragen (“collar”) and Old Dutch kraga (“neck”) (whence modern Dutch kraag). See also crag (Etymology 2).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "craws",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "crawing",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "crawed",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "crawed",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "craw (third-person singular simple present craws, present participle crawing, simple past and past participle crawed)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with archaic senses",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1828, David Macbeth Moir, The Life of Mansie Wauch",
"text": "The night was now pitmirk; the wind soughed amid the head-stones and railings of the gentry, (for we must all die,) and the black corbies in the steeple-holes cackled and crawed in a fearsome manner.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To caw, crow."
],
"links": [
[
"caw",
"caw"
],
[
"crow",
"crow"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) To caw, crow."
],
"tags": [
"archaic"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kɹɔː/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔː"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-craw.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d5/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-craw.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-craw.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d5/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-craw.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-craw.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "crag"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"crop (anatomy)"
],
"word": "craw"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "craw",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "crowe"
}
],
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English nouns"
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of crowe"
],
"links": [
[
"crowe",
"crowe#Middle English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "craw"
}
{
"categories": [
"Welsh countable nouns",
"Welsh entries with incorrect language header",
"Welsh lemmas",
"Welsh masculine nouns",
"Welsh nouns",
"Welsh nouns with red links in their headword lines",
"Welsh terms derived from Proto-Celtic",
"Welsh terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Welsh terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "crawen",
"3": "",
"4": "crust, rind"
},
"expansion": "crawen (“crust, rind”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*greup"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *greup",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*krus-",
"4": "",
"5": "crust"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *krus- (“crust”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "crusta",
"3": "",
"4": "crust"
},
"expansion": "Latin crusta (“crust”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "κρύος",
"3": "",
"4": "frost, icy cold"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek κρύος (krúos, “frost, icy cold”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "κρύσταλλος",
"3": "",
"4": "crystal, ice"
},
"expansion": "κρύσταλλος (krústallos, “crystal, ice”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬑𐬭𐬎𐬰𐬛𐬭𐬀",
"t": "hard"
},
"expansion": "Avestan 𐬑𐬭𐬎𐬰𐬛𐬭𐬀 (xruzdra, “hard”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "क्रूड्",
"3": "",
"4": "thicken, make hard"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit क्रूड् (krūḍ, “thicken, make hard”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From crawen (“crust, rind”), from Proto-Celtic *greup, from Proto-Indo-European *krus- (“crust”), see also Latin crusta (“crust”), Ancient Greek κρύος (krúos, “frost, icy cold”), κρύσταλλος (krústallos, “crystal, ice”), Avestan 𐬑𐬭𐬎𐬰𐬛𐬭𐬀 (xruzdra, “hard”), Sanskrit क्रूड् (krūḍ, “thicken, make hard”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "crawiau",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "cy-mut-auto",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "craw",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"mutation",
"mutation-radical"
]
},
{
"form": "graw",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"mutation",
"mutation-soft"
]
},
{
"form": "nghraw",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"mutation",
"mutation-nasal"
]
},
{
"form": "chraw",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"mutation",
"mutation-aspirate"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "crawiau"
},
"expansion": "craw m (plural crawiau)",
"name": "cy-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "cy-mut-auto"
}
],
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"a rejected piece of slate, often used for building fences in quarrying regions of north Wales"
],
"links": [
[
"slate",
"slate"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"a bad person, a bad lot"
],
"links": [
[
"bad",
"bad"
],
[
"bad lot",
"bad lot"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kraːu̯/",
"tags": [
"North-Wales"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/krau̯/",
"tags": [
"South-Wales"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"cy:craw"
],
"word": "craw"
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2512",
"msg": "rejected heuristic header: table cell identified as header based on style, BUT Welsh is not in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS; cleaned text: graw, style: padding-bottom:4px;////NodeKind.TABLE_CELL",
"path": [
"craw"
],
"section": "Welsh",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "craw",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2512",
"msg": "rejected heuristic header: table cell identified as header based on style, BUT Welsh is not in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS; cleaned text: nghraw, style: padding-bottom:4px;////NodeKind.TABLE_CELL",
"path": [
"craw"
],
"section": "Welsh",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "craw",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2512",
"msg": "rejected heuristic header: table cell identified as header based on style, BUT Welsh is not in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS; cleaned text: chraw, style: padding-bottom:4px;////NodeKind.TABLE_CELL",
"path": [
"craw"
],
"section": "Welsh",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "craw",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.