See craw in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "crawful"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "crawthumper"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "crawthumping"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
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}
],
"etymology_templates": [
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"2": "enm",
"3": "-"
},
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{
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"2": "dum",
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"name": "der"
},
{
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"2": "gml",
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"name": "der"
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{
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},
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},
{
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"2": "βρόχθος",
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},
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"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
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},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʷerh₃- (“to swallow, devour”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
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"2": "gurges",
"3": "",
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},
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"name": "cog"
},
{
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"2": "-"
},
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"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
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"2": "krave"
},
"expansion": "Danish krave",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
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"2": "Kragen",
"3": "",
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},
"expansion": "German Kragen (“collar”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
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"2": "Kraga",
"3": "kraga",
"t": "neck"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch kraga (“neck”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "kraag"
},
"expansion": "Dutch kraag",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Late Middle English, also attested as craue, from or related to Middle Dutch crāghe or Middle Low German crāghe (“collar, neck”), from Proto-Germanic *kragô (“throat”), probably from Proto-Indo-European *gʷrogʰ- or *gʷrh₃-gʰ- (“throat, gullet”), whence also Proto-Celtic *brāgants (“throat, gullet”) and perhaps Ancient Greek βρόχθος (brókhthos, “throat”). The root appears to be an extension of Proto-Indo-European *gʷerh₃- (“to swallow, devour”), though the identity and meaning of the suffix is unclear. Compare Latin gurges (“gulf, bay; whirlpool, eddy”).\nOther Germanic cognates include Danish krave, German Kragen (“collar”) and Old Dutch kraga (“neck”) (whence modern Dutch kraag). See also crag (Etymology 2).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "craws",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
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"args": {},
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"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"The stomach of an animal."
],
"id": "en-craw-en-noun-2wA1IdaO",
"links": [
[
"stomach",
"stomach"
]
],
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"(archaic) The stomach of an animal."
],
"tags": [
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]
},
{
"glosses": [
"The crop of a bird."
],
"id": "en-craw-en-noun-3K1tIv2F",
"links": [
[
"crop",
"crop"
]
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "0 100",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "guša",
"sense": "Crop of a bird",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "гуша"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
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"word": "kupu"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100",
"code": "fr",
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"sense": "Crop of a bird",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "goitre"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100",
"code": "fr",
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"tags": [
"masculine"
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},
{
"_dis1": "0 100",
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"sense": "Crop of a bird",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
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},
{
"_dis1": "0 100",
"code": "mi",
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"sense": "Crop of a bird",
"word": "tāngaengae"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "Crop of a bird",
"word": "tenga"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "Crop of a bird",
"word": "tangai"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "Crop of a bird",
"word": "nae"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100",
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "kursak",
"sense": "Crop of a bird",
"word": "قورساق"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100",
"code": "pdt",
"lang": "Plautdietsch",
"sense": "Crop of a bird",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Kropp"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "Crop of a bird",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "papo"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "zob",
"sense": "Crop of a bird",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "зоб"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "Crop of a bird",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "(vtáčí) zob"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 100",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "Crop of a bird",
"word": "kursak"
}
]
}
],
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"ipa": "/kɹɔː/"
},
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"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-craw.wav",
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},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔː"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "crop"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "gullet"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "crag"
}
],
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"Akademie-Verlag",
"Berlin",
"Brill Publishers",
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{
"form": "craws",
"tags": [
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"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "crawing",
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"present"
]
},
{
"form": "crawed",
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"past"
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},
{
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}
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"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
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"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
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"Entry maintenance"
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
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{
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{
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{
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},
{
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{
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"parents": [],
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}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1828, David Macbeth Moir, The Life of Mansie Wauch:",
"text": "The night was now pitmirk; the wind soughed amid the head-stones and railings of the gentry, (for we must all die,) and the black corbies in the steeple-holes cackled and crawed in a fearsome manner.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
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"To caw, crow."
],
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[
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"crow"
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],
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]
}
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"derived": [
{
"word": "crawful"
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{
"word": "crawthumper"
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{
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{
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],
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],
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"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-craw.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d5/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-craw.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-craw.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d5/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-craw.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-craw.wav.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔː"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "crop"
},
{
"word": "gullet"
},
{
"word": "crag"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "guša",
"sense": "Crop of a bird",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "гуша"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "Crop of a bird",
"word": "kupu"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "Crop of a bird",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "goitre"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "Crop of a bird",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "jabot"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "Crop of a bird",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "prócar"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "Crop of a bird",
"word": "tāngaengae"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "Crop of a bird",
"word": "tenga"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "Crop of a bird",
"word": "tangai"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "Crop of a bird",
"word": "nae"
},
{
"code": "ota",
"lang": "Ottoman Turkish",
"roman": "kursak",
"sense": "Crop of a bird",
"word": "قورساق"
},
{
"code": "pdt",
"lang": "Plautdietsch",
"sense": "Crop of a bird",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Kropp"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "Crop of a bird",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "papo"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "zob",
"sense": "Crop of a bird",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "зоб"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "Crop of a bird",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "(vtáčí) zob"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "Crop of a bird",
"word": "kursak"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Akademie-Verlag",
"Berlin",
"Brill Publishers",
"Wolfgang Pfeifer (etymologist)",
"crop (anatomy)"
],
"word": "craw"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English links with manual fragments",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from Middle Dutch",
"English terms derived from Middle English",
"English terms derived from Middle Low German",
"English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms inherited from Middle English",
"English verbs",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ɔː",
"Rhymes:English/ɔː/1 syllable",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with Irish translations",
"Terms with Maori translations",
"Terms with Ottoman Turkish translations",
"Terms with Plautdietsch translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Slovak translations",
"Terms with Turkish translations"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "enm",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Middle English",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "dum",
"3": "crāghe"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch crāghe",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gml",
"3": "crāghe",
"t": "collar, neck"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German crāghe (“collar, neck”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*kragô",
"t": "throat"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *kragô (“throat”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*gʷrogʰ-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʷrogʰ-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*brāgants",
"t": "throat, gullet"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *brāgants (“throat, gullet”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "βρόχθος",
"t": "throat"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek βρόχθος (brókhthos, “throat”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gʷerh₃-",
"t": "to swallow, devour"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʷerh₃- (“to swallow, devour”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "gurges",
"3": "",
"4": "gulf, bay; whirlpool, eddy"
},
"expansion": "Latin gurges (“gulf, bay; whirlpool, eddy”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Germanic",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "krave"
},
"expansion": "Danish krave",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Kragen",
"3": "",
"4": "collar"
},
"expansion": "German Kragen (“collar”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "Kraga",
"3": "kraga",
"t": "neck"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch kraga (“neck”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "kraag"
},
"expansion": "Dutch kraag",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Late Middle English, also attested as craue, from or related to Middle Dutch crāghe or Middle Low German crāghe (“collar, neck”), from Proto-Germanic *kragô (“throat”), probably from Proto-Indo-European *gʷrogʰ- or *gʷrh₃-gʰ- (“throat, gullet”), whence also Proto-Celtic *brāgants (“throat, gullet”) and perhaps Ancient Greek βρόχθος (brókhthos, “throat”). The root appears to be an extension of Proto-Indo-European *gʷerh₃- (“to swallow, devour”), though the identity and meaning of the suffix is unclear. Compare Latin gurges (“gulf, bay; whirlpool, eddy”).\nOther Germanic cognates include Danish krave, German Kragen (“collar”) and Old Dutch kraga (“neck”) (whence modern Dutch kraag). See also crag (Etymology 2).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "craws",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "crawing",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "crawed",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "crawed",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "craw (third-person singular simple present craws, present participle crawing, simple past and past participle crawed)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with archaic senses",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1828, David Macbeth Moir, The Life of Mansie Wauch:",
"text": "The night was now pitmirk; the wind soughed amid the head-stones and railings of the gentry, (for we must all die,) and the black corbies in the steeple-holes cackled and crawed in a fearsome manner.",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"To caw, crow."
],
"links": [
[
"caw",
"caw"
],
[
"crow",
"crow"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) To caw, crow."
],
"tags": [
"archaic"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/kɹɔː/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-craw.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d5/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-craw.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-craw.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d5/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-craw.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-craw.wav.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔː"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "crag"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Akademie-Verlag",
"Berlin",
"Brill Publishers",
"Wolfgang Pfeifer (etymologist)",
"crop (anatomy)"
],
"word": "craw"
}
Download raw JSONL data for craw meaning in English (11.1kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-10 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-01 using wiktextract (df33d17 and 4ed51a5). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.