See cirque on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for cirque meaning in All languages combined (17.9kB)
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*(s)ker- (turn)"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fr",
"3": "cirque",
"4": "",
"5": "circular arena; cirque"
},
"expansion": "French cirque (“circular arena; cirque”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "circus",
"4": "",
"5": "circle, ring"
},
"expansion": "Latin circus (“circle, ring”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "grc",
"3": "κίρκος",
"4": "",
"5": "circle, ring; racecourse, circus"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek κίρκος (kírkos, “circle, ring; racecourse, circus”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*(s)ker-",
"4": "",
"5": "to bend; to turn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker- (“to bend; to turn”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "3"
},
"expansion": "³",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "circus"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of circus",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from French cirque (“circular arena; cirque”), from Latin circus (“circle, ring”), from Ancient Greek κίρκος (kírkos, “circle, ring; racecourse, circus”), possibly ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker- (“to bend; to turn”). Doublet of circus.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "cirques",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "cirque (plural cirques)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1722, Laurence Echard, A General Ecclesiastical History from the Nativity of Our Blessed Saviour to the First Establishment of Christianity by Human Laws, under the Emperor Constantine the Great […], 6th edition, volume 1, London: Printed for Jacob Tonson, […], →OCLC, book 2 (From the Ascension of Our Blessed Saviour, to the Death of St. John, the Last Surviving Apostle), page 347",
"text": "Nero exhibited theſe Spectacles in his own Gardens, impiouſly joining to them the Diverſions of the Cirque, and appearing himſelf publicly in the Habit of a Charioteer, ſitting in his Chariot[…].",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A Roman circus."
],
"id": "en-cirque-en-noun-mQpVEjm5",
"links": [
[
"circus",
"circus"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical) A Roman circus."
],
"tags": [
"historical"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Geology",
"orig": "en:Geology",
"parents": [
"Earth sciences",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "23 68 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 65 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 70 8",
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Landforms",
"orig": "en:Landforms",
"parents": [
"Earth",
"Places",
"Nature",
"Names",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1855, Robert Browning, “Childe Roland to the Dark Tower Came”, in Men and Women, Boston, Mass.: Ticknor and Fields, published 1856, →OCLC, stanzas 22 and 23, page 102",
"text": "Whose savage trample thus could pad the dank / Soil to a plash? toads in a poisoned tank, / Or wild cats in a red-hot iron cage— / The fight must so have seemed in that fell cirque.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1981, T[homas] Coraghessan Boyle, Water Music, London: Granta Books, published 1998, page 344",
"text": "Of course it's going to be bad whenever the clouds let loose, but up here pussyfooting along the perimeter of toothy cirques and dead drops of anywhere from eighty to three hundred feet, it would be a disaster.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1991, Mark Helprin, A Soldier of the Great War, New York, N.Y.: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, page 569",
"text": "When the soldiers were not lost among tattered skeins of fog, they could see far out into the cirque, as if it were a bay of black water.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2008, Andrea M. J. Coronato, Fernando Coronato, Elizabeth Mazzoni, Miriam Vásquez, “The Physical Geography of Patagonia and Tierra del Fuego”, in J. Rabassa, editor, The Late Cenozoic of Patagonia and Tierra del Fuego, Elsevier, page 45",
"text": "Only a few lichens and mosses colonize the rocky walls of cirques and nunataks.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A curved depression or natural amphitheatre, especially one in a mountainside at the end of a valley."
],
"id": "en-cirque-en-noun-Y4z2Yv0a",
"links": [
[
"geology",
"geology"
],
[
"depression",
"depression"
],
[
"amphitheatre",
"amphitheatre"
],
[
"mountainside",
"mountainside"
],
[
"valley",
"valley"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(geology) A curved depression or natural amphitheatre, especially one in a mountainside at the end of a valley."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "corrie"
},
{
"word": "combe"
},
{
"word": "cwm"
}
],
"topics": [
"geography",
"geology",
"natural-sciences"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "10 82 8",
"code": "an",
"lang": "Aragonese",
"sense": "curved depression in a mountainside",
"word": "cul"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 82 8",
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "kar",
"sense": "curved depression in a mountainside",
"word": "կար"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 82 8",
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "curved depression in a mountainside",
"word": "kar"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 82 8",
"code": "eu",
"lang": "Basque",
"sense": "curved depression in a mountainside",
"word": "zirku"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 82 8",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "cirkus",
"sense": "curved depression in a mountainside",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "циркус"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 82 8",
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "curved depression in a mountainside",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "circ"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 82 8",
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "bīngdǒu",
"sense": "curved depression in a mountainside",
"word": "冰斗"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 82 8",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "curved depression in a mountainside",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kar"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 82 8",
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "curved depression in a mountainside",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "keteldal"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 82 8",
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "curved depression in a mountainside",
"word": "cirko"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 82 8",
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "curved depression in a mountainside",
"word": "tsirkusorg"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 82 8",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "curved depression in a mountainside",
"word": "onsilo"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 82 8",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "curved depression in a mountainside",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cirque"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 82 8",
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "curved depression in a mountainside",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "circo"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 82 8",
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "ḳari",
"sense": "curved depression in a mountainside",
"word": "კარი"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 82 8",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "curved depression in a mountainside",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Kar"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 82 8",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "lekanopédio",
"sense": "curved depression in a mountainside",
"word": "λεκανοπέδιο"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 82 8",
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"sense": "curved depression in a mountainside",
"word": "קרקס קרחוני"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 82 8",
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "himgahvar",
"sense": "curved depression in a mountainside",
"word": "हिमगह्वर"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 82 8",
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "curved depression in a mountainside",
"word": "cirkuszvölgy"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 82 8",
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "curved depression in a mountainside",
"word": "coire"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 82 8",
"alt": "カール",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "kāru",
"sense": "curved depression in a mountainside",
"word": "圏谷"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 82 8",
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "qar",
"sense": "curved depression in a mountainside",
"word": "қар"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 82 8",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "kareu",
"sense": "curved depression in a mountainside",
"word": "카르"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 82 8",
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "curved depression in a mountainside",
"word": "kara"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 82 8",
"code": "mr",
"lang": "Marathi",
"roman": "himgavhar",
"sense": "curved depression in a mountainside",
"word": "हिमगव्हर"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 82 8",
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "curved depression in a mountainside",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "botn"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 82 8",
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "curved depression in a mountainside",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "botn"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 82 8",
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "curved depression in a mountainside",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "circ"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 82 8",
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"sense": "curved depression in a mountainside",
"word": "سیرک یخچالی"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 82 8",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "curved depression in a mountainside",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cyrk lodowcowy"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 82 8",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "curved depression in a mountainside",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kar"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 82 8",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "curved depression in a mountainside",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kocioł"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 82 8",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "curved depression in a mountainside",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "circo"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 82 8",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "cirk",
"sense": "curved depression in a mountainside",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "цирк"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 82 8",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "kar",
"sense": "curved depression in a mountainside",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "кар"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 82 8",
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "curved depression in a mountainside",
"word": "coire"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 82 8",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "curved depression in a mountainside",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cirk"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 82 8",
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "curved depression in a mountainside",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "цирк"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 82 8",
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "curved depression in a mountainside",
"word": "kar"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 82 8",
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "curved depression in a mountainside",
"word": "krnica"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 82 8",
"code": "ta",
"lang": "Tamil",
"roman": "paṉipaṟipaḷḷam",
"sense": "curved depression in a mountainside",
"word": "பனிபறிபள்ளம்"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 82 8",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "curved depression in a mountainside",
"word": "sirk"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 82 8",
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "curved depression in a mountainside",
"word": "buz yalağı"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 82 8",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "cyrk",
"sense": "curved depression in a mountainside",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "цирк"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 82 8",
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "kar",
"sense": "curved depression in a mountainside",
"word": "кар"
},
{
"_dis1": "10 82 8",
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "curved depression in a mountainside",
"word": "peiran"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1846, E[dward] Duke, “Stonehenge the Conjoint Temple of Saturn and the Sun”, in The Druidical Temples of the County of Wilts, London: John Russell Smith, 4, Old Compton Street, Soho Square; Salisbury, Wiltshire: W. B. Brodie and Co., →OCLC, pages 153–154",
"text": "Saturn has supplied to the Greeks and Romans the source of a beautiful personification; they have represented him as Time, […] thus with his scythe is he considered to cut down in endless succession every ripened race of man; and as the serpent is annually renewed by the cast of its skin, so is every falling race of man held to be renewed by a young and succeeding progeny; from hence arose the fiction, that Saturn devoured his own children, and hence also is the continuous cirque of imposts at Stonehenge an apt representation of this well imagined emblem.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1899, O[badiah] C[yrus] Auringer, J[eanie] Oliver Smith, “The Temptation”, in The Christ: A Poetical Study of His Life from Advent to Ascension, New York, N.Y., London: G. P. Putnam's Sons, the Knickerbocker Press, →OCLC, page 36",
"text": "[T]here our camp / Lay pitched that day beneath the sun's wide glare, / Amid the omnipresent desert wastes, / And few men stirred abroad. […] [A]nd the tents / Sagged lifeless all around their dusky cirque, / Whose every rope shone burnished in the glare, / And every tent-pin.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Something in the shape of a circle or ring."
],
"id": "en-cirque-en-noun-d4G-Q79l",
"links": [
[
"shape",
"shape#Noun"
],
[
"circle",
"circle#Noun"
],
[
"ring",
"ring#Noun"
]
],
"qualifier": "dated or literary",
"raw_glosses": [
"(dated or literary) Something in the shape of a circle or ring."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "circle"
},
{
"word": "ring"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/sɜːk/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/sɝk/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɜː(ɹ)k"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-cirque.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9e/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-cirque.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-cirque.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9e/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-cirque.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-cirque.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Calvert Watkins",
"North Cascades National Park"
],
"word": "cirque"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "circassien"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ar",
"2": "سِيرْك",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Arabic: سِيرْك (sīrk)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Arabic: سِيرْك (sīrk)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cirque",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: cirque",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: cirque"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "sirk",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Turkish: sirk",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Turkish: sirk"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "loanword",
"2": "Borrowed"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "la",
"3": "circus",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Latin circus",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "la",
"3": "circus"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Latin circus",
"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Latin circus.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "cirques",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "cirque m (plural cirques)",
"name": "fr-noun"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "cercle"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "11 40 42 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "French entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "84 4 11 2",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "fr",
"name": "Circus",
"orig": "fr:Circus",
"parents": [
"Entertainment",
"Theater",
"Culture",
"Art",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "76 3 18 3",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "fr",
"name": "Theater",
"orig": "fr:Theater",
"parents": [
"Art",
"Entertainment",
"Culture",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"circus"
],
"id": "en-cirque-fr-noun-rNjWG2mD",
"links": [
[
"circus",
"circus"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "fr",
"name": "Geology",
"orig": "fr:Geology",
"parents": [
"Earth sciences",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "11 40 42 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "French entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"cirque"
],
"id": "en-cirque-fr-noun-ih~Jy3xU",
"links": [
[
"geology",
"geology"
],
[
"cirque",
"cirque#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(geology) cirque"
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"topics": [
"geography",
"geology",
"natural-sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "11 40 42 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "French entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "The arena is full of blood",
"text": "1875 (year of first performance), Chanson du Toréador from Carmen by Bizet\nle cirque est plein de sang",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a circular arena, such as in the ancient Roman Empire"
],
"id": "en-cirque-fr-noun-RwFe8izo",
"links": [
[
"circular",
"circular"
],
[
"arena",
"arena"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical) a circular arena, such as in the ancient Roman Empire"
],
"tags": [
"historical",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "What is this nonsense!",
"text": "C’est quoi ce cirque !",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a mess, a disorder"
],
"id": "en-cirque-fr-noun-Az2kK-dT",
"links": [
[
"mess",
"mess#Noun_2"
],
[
"disorder",
"disorder"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(colloquial) a mess, a disorder"
],
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/siʁk/"
},
{
"audio": "Fr-cirque.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b9/Fr-cirque.ogg/Fr-cirque.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b9/Fr-cirque.ogg",
"text": "audio"
}
],
"word": "cirque"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English doublets",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms borrowed from French",
"English terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"English terms derived from French",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *(s)ker- (turn)",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"Rhymes:English/ɜː(ɹ)k",
"Rhymes:English/ɜː(ɹ)k/1 syllable",
"en:Landforms",
"fr:Circus",
"fr:Theater"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
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"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*(s)ker- (turn)"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "fr",
"3": "cirque",
"4": "",
"5": "circular arena; cirque"
},
"expansion": "French cirque (“circular arena; cirque”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "circus",
"4": "",
"5": "circle, ring"
},
"expansion": "Latin circus (“circle, ring”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "grc",
"3": "κίρκος",
"4": "",
"5": "circle, ring; racecourse, circus"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek κίρκος (kírkos, “circle, ring; racecourse, circus”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*(s)ker-",
"4": "",
"5": "to bend; to turn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker- (“to bend; to turn”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "3"
},
"expansion": "³",
"name": "sup"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "circus"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of circus",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from French cirque (“circular arena; cirque”), from Latin circus (“circle, ring”), from Ancient Greek κίρκος (kírkos, “circle, ring; racecourse, circus”), possibly ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker- (“to bend; to turn”). Doublet of circus.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "cirques",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "cirque (plural cirques)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with historical senses",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1722, Laurence Echard, A General Ecclesiastical History from the Nativity of Our Blessed Saviour to the First Establishment of Christianity by Human Laws, under the Emperor Constantine the Great […], 6th edition, volume 1, London: Printed for Jacob Tonson, […], →OCLC, book 2 (From the Ascension of Our Blessed Saviour, to the Death of St. John, the Last Surviving Apostle), page 347",
"text": "Nero exhibited theſe Spectacles in his own Gardens, impiouſly joining to them the Diverſions of the Cirque, and appearing himſelf publicly in the Habit of a Charioteer, ſitting in his Chariot[…].",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A Roman circus."
],
"links": [
[
"circus",
"circus"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical) A Roman circus."
],
"tags": [
"historical"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"en:Geology"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1855, Robert Browning, “Childe Roland to the Dark Tower Came”, in Men and Women, Boston, Mass.: Ticknor and Fields, published 1856, →OCLC, stanzas 22 and 23, page 102",
"text": "Whose savage trample thus could pad the dank / Soil to a plash? toads in a poisoned tank, / Or wild cats in a red-hot iron cage— / The fight must so have seemed in that fell cirque.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1981, T[homas] Coraghessan Boyle, Water Music, London: Granta Books, published 1998, page 344",
"text": "Of course it's going to be bad whenever the clouds let loose, but up here pussyfooting along the perimeter of toothy cirques and dead drops of anywhere from eighty to three hundred feet, it would be a disaster.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1991, Mark Helprin, A Soldier of the Great War, New York, N.Y.: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, page 569",
"text": "When the soldiers were not lost among tattered skeins of fog, they could see far out into the cirque, as if it were a bay of black water.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "2008, Andrea M. J. Coronato, Fernando Coronato, Elizabeth Mazzoni, Miriam Vásquez, “The Physical Geography of Patagonia and Tierra del Fuego”, in J. Rabassa, editor, The Late Cenozoic of Patagonia and Tierra del Fuego, Elsevier, page 45",
"text": "Only a few lichens and mosses colonize the rocky walls of cirques and nunataks.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A curved depression or natural amphitheatre, especially one in a mountainside at the end of a valley."
],
"links": [
[
"geology",
"geology"
],
[
"depression",
"depression"
],
[
"amphitheatre",
"amphitheatre"
],
[
"mountainside",
"mountainside"
],
[
"valley",
"valley"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(geology) A curved depression or natural amphitheatre, especially one in a mountainside at the end of a valley."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "corrie"
},
{
"word": "combe"
},
{
"word": "cwm"
}
],
"topics": [
"geography",
"geology",
"natural-sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"English dated terms",
"English literary terms",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1846, E[dward] Duke, “Stonehenge the Conjoint Temple of Saturn and the Sun”, in The Druidical Temples of the County of Wilts, London: John Russell Smith, 4, Old Compton Street, Soho Square; Salisbury, Wiltshire: W. B. Brodie and Co., →OCLC, pages 153–154",
"text": "Saturn has supplied to the Greeks and Romans the source of a beautiful personification; they have represented him as Time, […] thus with his scythe is he considered to cut down in endless succession every ripened race of man; and as the serpent is annually renewed by the cast of its skin, so is every falling race of man held to be renewed by a young and succeeding progeny; from hence arose the fiction, that Saturn devoured his own children, and hence also is the continuous cirque of imposts at Stonehenge an apt representation of this well imagined emblem.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1899, O[badiah] C[yrus] Auringer, J[eanie] Oliver Smith, “The Temptation”, in The Christ: A Poetical Study of His Life from Advent to Ascension, New York, N.Y., London: G. P. Putnam's Sons, the Knickerbocker Press, →OCLC, page 36",
"text": "[T]here our camp / Lay pitched that day beneath the sun's wide glare, / Amid the omnipresent desert wastes, / And few men stirred abroad. […] [A]nd the tents / Sagged lifeless all around their dusky cirque, / Whose every rope shone burnished in the glare, / And every tent-pin.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Something in the shape of a circle or ring."
],
"links": [
[
"shape",
"shape#Noun"
],
[
"circle",
"circle#Noun"
],
[
"ring",
"ring#Noun"
]
],
"qualifier": "dated or literary",
"raw_glosses": [
"(dated or literary) Something in the shape of a circle or ring."
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "circle"
},
{
"word": "ring"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/sɜːk/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/sɝk/",
"tags": [
"General-American"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɜː(ɹ)k"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-cirque.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9e/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-cirque.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-cirque.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9e/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-cirque.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-cirque.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "an",
"lang": "Aragonese",
"sense": "curved depression in a mountainside",
"word": "cul"
},
{
"code": "hy",
"lang": "Armenian",
"roman": "kar",
"sense": "curved depression in a mountainside",
"word": "կար"
},
{
"code": "az",
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"sense": "curved depression in a mountainside",
"word": "kar"
},
{
"code": "eu",
"lang": "Basque",
"sense": "curved depression in a mountainside",
"word": "zirku"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "cirkus",
"sense": "curved depression in a mountainside",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "циркус"
},
{
"code": "ca",
"lang": "Catalan",
"sense": "curved depression in a mountainside",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "circ"
},
{
"code": "cmn",
"lang": "Chinese Mandarin",
"roman": "bīngdǒu",
"sense": "curved depression in a mountainside",
"word": "冰斗"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "curved depression in a mountainside",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kar"
},
{
"code": "nl",
"lang": "Dutch",
"sense": "curved depression in a mountainside",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "keteldal"
},
{
"code": "eo",
"lang": "Esperanto",
"sense": "curved depression in a mountainside",
"word": "cirko"
},
{
"code": "et",
"lang": "Estonian",
"sense": "curved depression in a mountainside",
"word": "tsirkusorg"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "curved depression in a mountainside",
"word": "onsilo"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"sense": "curved depression in a mountainside",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cirque"
},
{
"code": "gl",
"lang": "Galician",
"sense": "curved depression in a mountainside",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "circo"
},
{
"code": "ka",
"lang": "Georgian",
"roman": "ḳari",
"sense": "curved depression in a mountainside",
"word": "კარი"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"sense": "curved depression in a mountainside",
"tags": [
"neuter"
],
"word": "Kar"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "lekanopédio",
"sense": "curved depression in a mountainside",
"word": "λεκανοπέδιο"
},
{
"code": "he",
"lang": "Hebrew",
"sense": "curved depression in a mountainside",
"word": "קרקס קרחוני"
},
{
"code": "hi",
"lang": "Hindi",
"roman": "himgahvar",
"sense": "curved depression in a mountainside",
"word": "हिमगह्वर"
},
{
"code": "hu",
"lang": "Hungarian",
"sense": "curved depression in a mountainside",
"word": "cirkuszvölgy"
},
{
"code": "ga",
"lang": "Irish",
"sense": "curved depression in a mountainside",
"word": "coire"
},
{
"alt": "カール",
"code": "ja",
"lang": "Japanese",
"roman": "kāru",
"sense": "curved depression in a mountainside",
"word": "圏谷"
},
{
"code": "kk",
"lang": "Kazakh",
"roman": "qar",
"sense": "curved depression in a mountainside",
"word": "қар"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"roman": "kareu",
"sense": "curved depression in a mountainside",
"word": "카르"
},
{
"code": "lt",
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"sense": "curved depression in a mountainside",
"word": "kara"
},
{
"code": "mr",
"lang": "Marathi",
"roman": "himgavhar",
"sense": "curved depression in a mountainside",
"word": "हिमगव्हर"
},
{
"code": "nb",
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"sense": "curved depression in a mountainside",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "botn"
},
{
"code": "nn",
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"sense": "curved depression in a mountainside",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "botn"
},
{
"code": "oc",
"lang": "Occitan",
"sense": "curved depression in a mountainside",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "circ"
},
{
"code": "fa",
"lang": "Persian",
"sense": "curved depression in a mountainside",
"word": "سیرک یخچالی"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "curved depression in a mountainside",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cyrk lodowcowy"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "curved depression in a mountainside",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kar"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "curved depression in a mountainside",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "kocioł"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "curved depression in a mountainside",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "circo"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "cirk",
"sense": "curved depression in a mountainside",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "цирк"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "kar",
"sense": "curved depression in a mountainside",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "кар"
},
{
"code": "gd",
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"sense": "curved depression in a mountainside",
"word": "coire"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "curved depression in a mountainside",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cirk"
},
{
"code": "sh",
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"sense": "curved depression in a mountainside",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "цирк"
},
{
"code": "sk",
"lang": "Slovak",
"sense": "curved depression in a mountainside",
"word": "kar"
},
{
"code": "sl",
"lang": "Slovene",
"sense": "curved depression in a mountainside",
"word": "krnica"
},
{
"code": "ta",
"lang": "Tamil",
"roman": "paṉipaṟipaḷḷam",
"sense": "curved depression in a mountainside",
"word": "பனிபறிபள்ளம்"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "curved depression in a mountainside",
"word": "sirk"
},
{
"code": "tr",
"lang": "Turkish",
"sense": "curved depression in a mountainside",
"word": "buz yalağı"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "cyrk",
"sense": "curved depression in a mountainside",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "цирк"
},
{
"code": "uk",
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"roman": "kar",
"sense": "curved depression in a mountainside",
"word": "кар"
},
{
"code": "cy",
"lang": "Welsh",
"sense": "curved depression in a mountainside",
"word": "peiran"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Calvert Watkins",
"North Cascades National Park"
],
"word": "cirque"
}
{
"categories": [
"French 1-syllable words",
"French countable nouns",
"French entries with incorrect language header",
"French lemmas",
"French masculine nouns",
"French nouns",
"French terms borrowed from Latin",
"French terms derived from Latin",
"French terms with IPA pronunciation",
"French terms with audio links",
"fr:Circus",
"fr:Theater"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "circassien"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ar",
"2": "سِيرْك",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Arabic: سِيرْك (sīrk)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Arabic: سِيرْك (sīrk)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cirque",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: cirque",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: cirque"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "sirk",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Turkish: sirk",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Turkish: sirk"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "loanword",
"2": "Borrowed"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "la",
"3": "circus",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Latin circus",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "la",
"3": "circus"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Latin circus",
"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Latin circus.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "cirques",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "cirque m (plural cirques)",
"name": "fr-noun"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "cercle"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"circus"
],
"links": [
[
"circus",
"circus"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"fr:Geology"
],
"glosses": [
"cirque"
],
"links": [
[
"geology",
"geology"
],
[
"cirque",
"cirque#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(geology) cirque"
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"topics": [
"geography",
"geology",
"natural-sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"French terms with historical senses",
"French terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "The arena is full of blood",
"text": "1875 (year of first performance), Chanson du Toréador from Carmen by Bizet\nle cirque est plein de sang",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a circular arena, such as in the ancient Roman Empire"
],
"links": [
[
"circular",
"circular"
],
[
"arena",
"arena"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical) a circular arena, such as in the ancient Roman Empire"
],
"tags": [
"historical",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"French colloquialisms",
"French terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "What is this nonsense!",
"text": "C’est quoi ce cirque !",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a mess, a disorder"
],
"links": [
[
"mess",
"mess#Noun_2"
],
[
"disorder",
"disorder"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(colloquial) a mess, a disorder"
],
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/siʁk/"
},
{
"audio": "Fr-cirque.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b9/Fr-cirque.ogg/Fr-cirque.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b9/Fr-cirque.ogg",
"text": "audio"
}
],
"word": "cirque"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.