See cilium on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for cilium meaning in All languages combined (18.4kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "ciliary"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "cilio-"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "kinocilium"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "monociliate"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "monocilium"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "stereocilium"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "uniciliate"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ḱel- (cover)"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "cilium",
"4": "",
"5": "eyelid"
},
"expansion": "Latin cilium (“eyelid”)",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Latin cilium (“eyelid”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "cilia",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cilia"
},
"expansion": "cilium (plural cilia)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"hyponyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "ciliolum"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "supercilium"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "flagellum"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Cytology",
"orig": "en:Cytology",
"parents": [
"Biology",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "30 28 31 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A short microscopic hairlike organelle projecting from a eukaryotic cell (such as a unicellular organism or one cell of a multicelled organism) which serve either for propulsion by causing currents in the surrounding fluid or as sensors."
],
"id": "en-cilium-en-noun-6E6hZISJ",
"links": [
[
"cytology",
"cytology"
],
[
"microscopic",
"microscopic"
],
[
"hairlike",
"hairlike"
],
[
"organelle",
"organelle"
],
[
"project",
"project"
],
[
"eukaryotic",
"eukaryotic"
],
[
"cell",
"cell"
],
[
"unicellular",
"unicellular"
],
[
"organism",
"organism"
],
[
"multicelled",
"multicelled"
],
[
"propulsion",
"propulsion"
],
[
"current",
"current"
],
[
"fluid",
"fluid"
],
[
"sensor",
"sensor"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(cytology) A short microscopic hairlike organelle projecting from a eukaryotic cell (such as a unicellular organism or one cell of a multicelled organism) which serve either for propulsion by causing currents in the surrounding fluid or as sensors."
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"cytology",
"medicine",
"natural-sciences",
"sciences"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "81 6 8 4",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "resna",
"sense": "hairlike organelle projecting from eukaryotic cell",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ресна"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 6 8 4",
"code": "zh",
"lang": "Chinese",
"sense": "hairlike organelle projecting from eukaryotic cell",
"word": "纖毛"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 6 8 4",
"code": "zh",
"lang": "Chinese",
"roman": "xiānmáo",
"sense": "hairlike organelle projecting from eukaryotic cell",
"word": "纤毛"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 6 8 4",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "hairlike organelle projecting from eukaryotic cell",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "řasinka"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 6 8 4",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "hairlike organelle projecting from eukaryotic cell",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "brva"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 6 8 4",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "hairlike organelle projecting from eukaryotic cell",
"word": "värekarva"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 6 8 4",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "vlefarída",
"sense": "hairlike organelle projecting from eukaryotic cell",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "βλεφαρίδα"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 6 8 4",
"code": "ckb",
"lang": "Central Kurdish",
"roman": "birjolle",
"sense": "hairlike organelle projecting from eukaryotic cell",
"word": "برژۆڵە"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 6 8 4",
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"sense": "hairlike organelle projecting from eukaryotic cell",
"word": "kûlk"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 6 8 4",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "hairlike organelle projecting from eukaryotic cell",
"word": "hururiki"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 6 8 4",
"code": "ne",
"lang": "Nepali",
"roman": "pakṣma",
"sense": "hairlike organelle projecting from eukaryotic cell",
"word": "पक्ष्म"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 6 8 4",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "hairlike organelle projecting from eukaryotic cell",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "rzęska"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 6 8 4",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "hairlike organelle projecting from eukaryotic cell",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cílio"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 6 8 4",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "resníčka",
"sense": "hairlike organelle projecting from eukaryotic cell",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ресни́чка"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 6 8 4",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "hairlike organelle projecting from eukaryotic cell",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cilio"
},
{
"_dis1": "81 6 8 4",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "hairlike organelle projecting from eukaryotic cell",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "cilie"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Entomology",
"orig": "en:Entomology",
"parents": [
"Arthropodology",
"Zoology",
"Biology",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "30 28 31 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"One of the fine hairs along an insect's wing."
],
"id": "en-cilium-en-noun-QhQhn5NF",
"links": [
[
"entomology",
"entomology"
],
[
"fine",
"fine"
],
[
"hair",
"hair"
],
[
"insect",
"insect"
],
[
"wing",
"wing"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(entomology) One of the fine hairs along an insect's wing."
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"entomology",
"natural-sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Botany",
"orig": "en:Botany",
"parents": [
"Biology",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "30 28 31 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Hairs or similar protrusions along the margin of an organ."
],
"id": "en-cilium-en-noun-ADzdVjUx",
"links": [
[
"botany",
"botany"
],
[
"Hair",
"hair"
],
[
"protrusion",
"protrusion"
],
[
"margin",
"margin"
],
[
"organ",
"organ"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(botany) Hairs or similar protrusions along the margin of an organ."
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"botany",
"natural-sciences"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "6 19 74 1",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "resnica",
"sense": "hair along the margin of an organ",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ресница"
},
{
"_dis1": "6 19 74 1",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "hair along the margin of an organ",
"word": "ripsi"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Anatomy",
"orig": "en:Anatomy",
"parents": [
"Biology",
"Medicine",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "30 28 31 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An eyelash."
],
"id": "en-cilium-en-noun-JZ9j-zVw",
"links": [
[
"anatomy",
"anatomy"
],
[
"eyelash",
"eyelash"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(anatomy) An eyelash."
],
"topics": [
"anatomy",
"medicine",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈsɪl.i.əm/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɪliəm"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"cilium"
],
"word": "cilium"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "ciliāris"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "intercilium"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "supercilium"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Dalmatian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dlm",
"2": "čeja"
},
"expansion": "čeja",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "čeja"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Italo-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "ciglio"
},
"expansion": "Italian: ciglio",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Italian: ciglio"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "scn",
"2": "cigghiu",
"3": "gigghiu"
},
"expansion": "Sicilian: cigghiu, gigghiu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sicilian: cigghiu, gigghiu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Insular Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sc",
"2": "chizu",
"3": "cillu",
"4": "chiza"
},
"expansion": "Sardinian: chizu, cillu, chiza",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sardinian: chizu, cillu, chiza"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "North Italian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fur",
"2": "cee"
},
"expansion": "Friulian: cee",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Friulian: cee"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ist",
"2": "sia"
},
"expansion": "Istriot: sia",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Istriot: sia"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lmo",
"2": "zida"
},
"expansion": "Lombard: zida",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lombard: zida"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rgn",
"2": "zida"
},
"expansion": "Romagnol: zida",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Romagnol: zida"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rm",
"2": "tschegl"
},
"expansion": "Romansch: tschegl",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Romansch: tschegl"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vec",
"2": "segia",
"3": "zheja",
"4": "cegia",
"5": "çéi"
},
"expansion": "Venetian: segia, zheja, cegia, çéi",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Venetian: segia, zheja, cegia, çéi"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Gallo-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "cella"
},
"expansion": "Catalan: cella",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Catalan: cella"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "cil",
"3": "cille"
},
"expansion": "Old French: cil, cille",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old French: cil, cille"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "cil"
},
"expansion": "French: cil",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "French: cil"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc",
"2": "cilh",
"3": "celh",
"4": "cilha",
"5": "celha"
},
"expansion": "Occitan: cilh, celh, cilha, celha",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Occitan: cilh, celh, cilha, celha"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Ibero-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "an",
"2": "zella"
},
"expansion": "Aragonese: zella",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Aragonese: zella"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ast",
"2": "ceya"
},
"expansion": "Asturian: ceya",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Asturian: ceya"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "cella"
},
"expansion": "Galician: cella",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Galician: cella"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "celha"
},
"expansion": "Portuguese: celha",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Portuguese: celha"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "ceja",
"3": "cejo"
},
"expansion": "Spanish: ceja, cejo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Spanish: ceja, cejo"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Borrowings:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cilium",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: cilium",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: cilium"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "io",
"2": "cilio",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Ido: cilio",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Ido: cilio"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "cílio",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Portuguese: cílio",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Portuguese: cílio"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "ciliu",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Romanian: ciliu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Romanian: ciliu"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "cilio",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Spanish: cilio",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Spanish: cilio"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "cilie",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Swedish: cilie",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Swedish: cilie"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ḱel- (cover)"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*keljom"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *keljom",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*ḱel-yo-m"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ḱel-yo-m",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ḱel-",
"4": "",
"5": "to cover"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ḱel- (“to cover”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "κῠ́λᾱ",
"t": "the parts under the eyes"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek κῠ́λᾱ (kúlā, “the parts under the eyes”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Italic *keljom, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱel-yo-m, which is derived from Proto-Indo-European *ḱel- (“to cover”). Alternatively compare Ancient Greek κῠ́λᾱ (kúlā, “the parts under the eyes”) (though Beekes doubts this connection and derives the latter from Pre-Greek).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ciliī",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "cilī",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "cilium",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cilia",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ciliī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cilī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciliōrum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ciliō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciliīs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cilium",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cilia",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ciliō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciliīs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cilium",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "cilia",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cilium<2>"
},
"expansion": "cilium n (genitive ciliī or cilī); second declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cilium<2>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Anatomy",
"orig": "la:Anatomy",
"parents": [
"Biology",
"Medicine",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "34 34 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "38 38 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "36 36 28",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin terms suffixed with -ium",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 33 33",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Eye",
"orig": "la:Eye",
"parents": [
"Face",
"Vision",
"Head and neck",
"Senses",
"Body parts",
"Perception",
"Body",
"Anatomy",
"Human",
"Biology",
"Medicine",
"All topics",
"Sciences",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"eyelid"
],
"id": "en-cilium-la-noun-oGA4awfi",
"links": [
[
"anatomy",
"anatomy"
],
[
"eyelid",
"eyelid"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(anatomy) eyelid"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "palpebra"
}
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"neuter"
],
"topics": [
"anatomy",
"medicine",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "supercilium"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Anatomy",
"orig": "la:Anatomy",
"parents": [
"Biology",
"Medicine",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "34 34 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "38 38 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "36 36 28",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin terms suffixed with -ium",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 33 33",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Eye",
"orig": "la:Eye",
"parents": [
"Face",
"Vision",
"Head and neck",
"Senses",
"Body parts",
"Perception",
"Body",
"Anatomy",
"Human",
"Biology",
"Medicine",
"All topics",
"Sciences",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"eyelid",
"lower eyelid"
],
"id": "en-cilium-la-noun-jafC-7Ap",
"links": [
[
"anatomy",
"anatomy"
],
[
"eyelid",
"eyelid"
],
[
"lower",
"lower"
]
],
"qualifier": "transferred sense",
"raw_glosses": [
"(anatomy) eyelid",
"(transferred sense) lower eyelid"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "palpebra"
}
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"neuter"
],
"topics": [
"anatomy",
"medicine",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Medieval Latin",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "34 34 33",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "38 38 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 30 39",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin neuter nouns in the second declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "36 36 28",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin terms suffixed with -ium",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 33 33",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Eye",
"orig": "la:Eye",
"parents": [
"Face",
"Vision",
"Head and neck",
"Senses",
"Body parts",
"Perception",
"Body",
"Anatomy",
"Human",
"Biology",
"Medicine",
"All topics",
"Sciences",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"eyelash"
],
"id": "en-cilium-la-noun-cOvPgAFF",
"links": [
[
"eyelash",
"eyelash"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Medieval Latin, usually in the plural) eyelash"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "palpebra"
}
],
"tags": [
"Medieval-Latin",
"declension-2",
"neuter",
"plural-normally"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈki.li.um/",
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈkɪlʲiʊ̃ˑ]",
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈt͡ʃi.li.um/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈt͡ʃiːlium]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "cilium"
}
{
"categories": [
"English 3-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English nouns with irregular plurals",
"English terms borrowed from Latin",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ḱel- (cover)",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Rhymes:English/ɪliəm",
"Rhymes:English/ɪliəm/3 syllables",
"la:Eye"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "ciliary"
},
{
"word": "cilio-"
},
{
"word": "kinocilium"
},
{
"word": "monociliate"
},
{
"word": "monocilium"
},
{
"word": "stereocilium"
},
{
"word": "uniciliate"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ḱel- (cover)"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "cilium",
"4": "",
"5": "eyelid"
},
"expansion": "Latin cilium (“eyelid”)",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Latin cilium (“eyelid”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "cilia",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cilia"
},
"expansion": "cilium (plural cilia)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"hyponyms": [
{
"word": "ciliolum"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "supercilium"
},
{
"word": "flagellum"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"en:Cytology"
],
"glosses": [
"A short microscopic hairlike organelle projecting from a eukaryotic cell (such as a unicellular organism or one cell of a multicelled organism) which serve either for propulsion by causing currents in the surrounding fluid or as sensors."
],
"links": [
[
"cytology",
"cytology"
],
[
"microscopic",
"microscopic"
],
[
"hairlike",
"hairlike"
],
[
"organelle",
"organelle"
],
[
"project",
"project"
],
[
"eukaryotic",
"eukaryotic"
],
[
"cell",
"cell"
],
[
"unicellular",
"unicellular"
],
[
"organism",
"organism"
],
[
"multicelled",
"multicelled"
],
[
"propulsion",
"propulsion"
],
[
"current",
"current"
],
[
"fluid",
"fluid"
],
[
"sensor",
"sensor"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(cytology) A short microscopic hairlike organelle projecting from a eukaryotic cell (such as a unicellular organism or one cell of a multicelled organism) which serve either for propulsion by causing currents in the surrounding fluid or as sensors."
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"cytology",
"medicine",
"natural-sciences",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Entomology"
],
"glosses": [
"One of the fine hairs along an insect's wing."
],
"links": [
[
"entomology",
"entomology"
],
[
"fine",
"fine"
],
[
"hair",
"hair"
],
[
"insect",
"insect"
],
[
"wing",
"wing"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(entomology) One of the fine hairs along an insect's wing."
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"entomology",
"natural-sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Botany"
],
"glosses": [
"Hairs or similar protrusions along the margin of an organ."
],
"links": [
[
"botany",
"botany"
],
[
"Hair",
"hair"
],
[
"protrusion",
"protrusion"
],
[
"margin",
"margin"
],
[
"organ",
"organ"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(botany) Hairs or similar protrusions along the margin of an organ."
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"botany",
"natural-sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Anatomy"
],
"glosses": [
"An eyelash."
],
"links": [
[
"anatomy",
"anatomy"
],
[
"eyelash",
"eyelash"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(anatomy) An eyelash."
],
"topics": [
"anatomy",
"medicine",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈsɪl.i.əm/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɪliəm"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "resna",
"sense": "hairlike organelle projecting from eukaryotic cell",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ресна"
},
{
"code": "zh",
"lang": "Chinese",
"sense": "hairlike organelle projecting from eukaryotic cell",
"word": "纖毛"
},
{
"code": "zh",
"lang": "Chinese",
"roman": "xiānmáo",
"sense": "hairlike organelle projecting from eukaryotic cell",
"word": "纤毛"
},
{
"code": "zh",
"lang": "Chinese",
"roman": "xiānmáo",
"sense": "hairlike organelle projecting from eukaryotic cell",
"word": "纤毛"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "hairlike organelle projecting from eukaryotic cell",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "řasinka"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "hairlike organelle projecting from eukaryotic cell",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "brva"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "hairlike organelle projecting from eukaryotic cell",
"word": "värekarva"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "vlefarída",
"sense": "hairlike organelle projecting from eukaryotic cell",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "βλεφαρίδα"
},
{
"code": "ckb",
"lang": "Central Kurdish",
"roman": "birjolle",
"sense": "hairlike organelle projecting from eukaryotic cell",
"word": "برژۆڵە"
},
{
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"sense": "hairlike organelle projecting from eukaryotic cell",
"word": "kûlk"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "hairlike organelle projecting from eukaryotic cell",
"word": "hururiki"
},
{
"code": "ne",
"lang": "Nepali",
"roman": "pakṣma",
"sense": "hairlike organelle projecting from eukaryotic cell",
"word": "पक्ष्म"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "hairlike organelle projecting from eukaryotic cell",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "rzęska"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "hairlike organelle projecting from eukaryotic cell",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cílio"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "resníčka",
"sense": "hairlike organelle projecting from eukaryotic cell",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ресни́чка"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "hairlike organelle projecting from eukaryotic cell",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cilio"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "hairlike organelle projecting from eukaryotic cell",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "cilie"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "resnica",
"sense": "hair along the margin of an organ",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ресница"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "hair along the margin of an organ",
"word": "ripsi"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"cilium"
],
"word": "cilium"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latin 3-syllable words",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin neuter nouns",
"Latin neuter nouns in the second declension",
"Latin nouns",
"Latin second declension nouns",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"Latin terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ḱel- (cover)",
"Latin terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latin terms inherited from Proto-Italic",
"Latin terms suffixed with -ium",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"la:Eye"
],
"derived": [
{
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "ciliāris"
},
{
"word": "intercilium"
},
{
"word": "supercilium"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Dalmatian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dlm",
"2": "čeja"
},
"expansion": "čeja",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "čeja"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Italo-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "ciglio"
},
"expansion": "Italian: ciglio",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Italian: ciglio"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "scn",
"2": "cigghiu",
"3": "gigghiu"
},
"expansion": "Sicilian: cigghiu, gigghiu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sicilian: cigghiu, gigghiu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Insular Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sc",
"2": "chizu",
"3": "cillu",
"4": "chiza"
},
"expansion": "Sardinian: chizu, cillu, chiza",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sardinian: chizu, cillu, chiza"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "North Italian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fur",
"2": "cee"
},
"expansion": "Friulian: cee",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Friulian: cee"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ist",
"2": "sia"
},
"expansion": "Istriot: sia",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Istriot: sia"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lmo",
"2": "zida"
},
"expansion": "Lombard: zida",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lombard: zida"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rgn",
"2": "zida"
},
"expansion": "Romagnol: zida",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Romagnol: zida"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rm",
"2": "tschegl"
},
"expansion": "Romansch: tschegl",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Romansch: tschegl"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vec",
"2": "segia",
"3": "zheja",
"4": "cegia",
"5": "çéi"
},
"expansion": "Venetian: segia, zheja, cegia, çéi",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Venetian: segia, zheja, cegia, çéi"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Gallo-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "cella"
},
"expansion": "Catalan: cella",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Catalan: cella"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "cil",
"3": "cille"
},
"expansion": "Old French: cil, cille",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old French: cil, cille"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "cil"
},
"expansion": "French: cil",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "French: cil"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc",
"2": "cilh",
"3": "celh",
"4": "cilha",
"5": "celha"
},
"expansion": "Occitan: cilh, celh, cilha, celha",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Occitan: cilh, celh, cilha, celha"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Ibero-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "an",
"2": "zella"
},
"expansion": "Aragonese: zella",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Aragonese: zella"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ast",
"2": "ceya"
},
"expansion": "Asturian: ceya",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Asturian: ceya"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "cella"
},
"expansion": "Galician: cella",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Galician: cella"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "celha"
},
"expansion": "Portuguese: celha",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Portuguese: celha"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "ceja",
"3": "cejo"
},
"expansion": "Spanish: ceja, cejo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Spanish: ceja, cejo"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Borrowings:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cilium",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: cilium",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: cilium"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "io",
"2": "cilio",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Ido: cilio",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Ido: cilio"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "cílio",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Portuguese: cílio",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Portuguese: cílio"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "ciliu",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Romanian: ciliu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Romanian: ciliu"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "cilio",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Spanish: cilio",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Spanish: cilio"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "cilie",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Swedish: cilie",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Swedish: cilie"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ḱel- (cover)"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*keljom"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *keljom",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*ḱel-yo-m"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ḱel-yo-m",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ḱel-",
"4": "",
"5": "to cover"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ḱel- (“to cover”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "κῠ́λᾱ",
"t": "the parts under the eyes"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek κῠ́λᾱ (kúlā, “the parts under the eyes”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Italic *keljom, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱel-yo-m, which is derived from Proto-Indo-European *ḱel- (“to cover”). Alternatively compare Ancient Greek κῠ́λᾱ (kúlā, “the parts under the eyes”) (though Beekes doubts this connection and derives the latter from Pre-Greek).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ciliī",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "cilī",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "cilium",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cilia",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ciliī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cilī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciliōrum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ciliō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciliīs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cilium",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cilia",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ciliō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciliīs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cilium",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "cilia",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cilium<2>"
},
"expansion": "cilium n (genitive ciliī or cilī); second declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cilium<2>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"la:Anatomy"
],
"glosses": [
"eyelid"
],
"links": [
[
"anatomy",
"anatomy"
],
[
"eyelid",
"eyelid"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(anatomy) eyelid"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "palpebra"
}
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"neuter"
],
"topics": [
"anatomy",
"medicine",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "supercilium"
}
],
"categories": [
"Latin terms with transferred senses",
"la:Anatomy"
],
"glosses": [
"eyelid",
"lower eyelid"
],
"links": [
[
"anatomy",
"anatomy"
],
[
"eyelid",
"eyelid"
],
[
"lower",
"lower"
]
],
"qualifier": "transferred sense",
"raw_glosses": [
"(anatomy) eyelid",
"(transferred sense) lower eyelid"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "palpebra"
}
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"neuter"
],
"topics": [
"anatomy",
"medicine",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Medieval Latin"
],
"glosses": [
"eyelash"
],
"links": [
[
"eyelash",
"eyelash"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Medieval Latin, usually in the plural) eyelash"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "palpebra"
}
],
"tags": [
"Medieval-Latin",
"declension-2",
"neuter",
"plural-normally"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈki.li.um/",
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈkɪlʲiʊ̃ˑ]",
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈt͡ʃi.li.um/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈt͡ʃiːlium]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "cilium"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.