See cilium on Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "ciliary"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "ciliate"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "Ciliate"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "cilio-"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "kinocilium"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "macrocilium"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "monociliate"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "monocilium"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "stereocilium"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "uniciliate"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
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"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ḱel- (cover)"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "cilium",
"4": "",
"5": "eyelid"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Latin cilium (“eyelid”)",
"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Latin cilium (“eyelid”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "cilia",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cilia"
},
"expansion": "cilium (plural cilia)",
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{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "ciliolum"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "supercilium"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "flagellum"
}
],
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{
"categories": [
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"name": "Cytology",
"orig": "en:Cytology",
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"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
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{
"_dis": "42 19 22 17",
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{
"_dis": "38 20 21 21",
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"_dis": "39 17 22 21",
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"_dis": "38 20 22 20",
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"_dis": "37 19 25 20",
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"_dis": "37 19 25 20",
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"_dis": "36 21 25 18",
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"_dis": "36 19 22 24",
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],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1892, Carl Friedrich Wilhelm Claus, edited by F. G. Heathcote, Elementary Text-book of Zoology:",
"text": "It is the deeper parts of such cells which give rise to delicate muscular fibres or networks of fibres, while the superficially placed body of the cell myoblast), the part which produces the above, performs other functions, and usually bears a cilium.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2006, Manfred Schliwa, Molecular Motors, page 359:",
"text": "The clockwise beating of cilia results in a net flow of extraembryonic fluid leftwards […]",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A short microscopic hairlike organelle projecting from a eukaryotic cell (such as a unicellular organism or one cell of a multicelled organism) which serve either for propulsion by causing currents in the surrounding fluid or as sensors."
],
"id": "en-cilium-en-noun-6E6hZISJ",
"links": [
[
"cytology",
"cytology"
],
[
"microscopic",
"microscopic"
],
[
"hairlike",
"hairlike"
],
[
"organelle",
"organelle"
],
[
"project",
"project"
],
[
"eukaryotic",
"eukaryotic"
],
[
"cell",
"cell"
],
[
"unicellular",
"unicellular"
],
[
"organism",
"organism"
],
[
"multicelled",
"multicelled"
],
[
"propulsion",
"propulsion"
],
[
"current",
"current"
],
[
"fluid",
"fluid"
],
[
"sensor",
"sensor"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(cytology) A short microscopic hairlike organelle projecting from a eukaryotic cell (such as a unicellular organism or one cell of a multicelled organism) which serve either for propulsion by causing currents in the surrounding fluid or as sensors."
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"cytology",
"medicine",
"natural-sciences",
"sciences"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "79 8 9 3",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "resna",
"sense": "hairlike organelle projecting from eukaryotic cell",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ресна"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 8 9 3",
"code": "zh",
"lang": "Chinese",
"roman": "xiānmáo",
"sense": "hairlike organelle projecting from eukaryotic cell",
"word": "纖毛 /纤毛"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 8 9 3",
"code": "zh",
"lang": "Chinese",
"roman": "xiānmáo",
"sense": "hairlike organelle projecting from eukaryotic cell",
"word": "纤毛"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 8 9 3",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "hairlike organelle projecting from eukaryotic cell",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "řasinka"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 8 9 3",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "hairlike organelle projecting from eukaryotic cell",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "brva"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 8 9 3",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "hairlike organelle projecting from eukaryotic cell",
"word": "värekarva"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 8 9 3",
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "vlefarída",
"sense": "hairlike organelle projecting from eukaryotic cell",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "βλεφαρίδα"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 8 9 3",
"code": "ckb",
"lang": "Central Kurdish",
"roman": "birjolle",
"sense": "hairlike organelle projecting from eukaryotic cell",
"word": "برژۆڵە"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 8 9 3",
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"sense": "hairlike organelle projecting from eukaryotic cell",
"word": "kûlk"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 8 9 3",
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "hairlike organelle projecting from eukaryotic cell",
"word": "hururiki"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 8 9 3",
"code": "ne",
"lang": "Nepali",
"roman": "pakṣma",
"sense": "hairlike organelle projecting from eukaryotic cell",
"word": "पक्ष्म"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 8 9 3",
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "hairlike organelle projecting from eukaryotic cell",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "rzęska"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 8 9 3",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "hairlike organelle projecting from eukaryotic cell",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cílio"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 8 9 3",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "resníčka",
"sense": "hairlike organelle projecting from eukaryotic cell",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ресни́чка"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 8 9 3",
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "hairlike organelle projecting from eukaryotic cell",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cilio"
},
{
"_dis1": "79 8 9 3",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "hairlike organelle projecting from eukaryotic cell",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "cilie"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Entomology",
"orig": "en:Entomology",
"parents": [
"Arthropodology",
"Zoology",
"Biology",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "30 29 31 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 12 13 11 16 16 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
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{
"_dis": "13 12 12 7 19 19 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"One of the fine hairs along an insect's wing."
],
"id": "en-cilium-en-noun-QhQhn5NF",
"links": [
[
"entomology",
"entomology"
],
[
"fine",
"fine"
],
[
"hair",
"hair"
],
[
"insect",
"insect"
],
[
"wing",
"wing"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(entomology) One of the fine hairs along an insect's wing."
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"entomology",
"natural-sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Botany",
"orig": "en:Botany",
"parents": [
"Biology",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "30 29 31 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 12 13 11 16 16 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 12 12 7 19 19 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Hairs or similar protrusions along the margin of an organ."
],
"id": "en-cilium-en-noun-ADzdVjUx",
"links": [
[
"botany",
"botany"
],
[
"Hair",
"hair"
],
[
"protrusion",
"protrusion"
],
[
"margin",
"margin"
],
[
"organ",
"organ"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(botany) Hairs or similar protrusions along the margin of an organ."
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"botany",
"natural-sciences"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "9 21 69 2",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "resnica",
"sense": "hair along the margin of an organ",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ресница"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 21 69 2",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "hair along the margin of an organ",
"word": "ripsi"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Anatomy",
"orig": "en:Anatomy",
"parents": [
"Biology",
"Medicine",
"Sciences",
"Healthcare",
"All topics",
"Health",
"Fundamental",
"Body"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "30 29 31 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 12 13 11 16 16 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"An eyelash."
],
"id": "en-cilium-en-noun-JZ9j-zVw",
"links": [
[
"anatomy",
"anatomy"
],
[
"eyelash",
"eyelash"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(anatomy) An eyelash."
],
"topics": [
"anatomy",
"medicine",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈsɪl.i.əm/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɪliəm"
}
],
"word": "cilium"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "ciliāris"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "intercilium"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "supercilium"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Dalmatian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "čeja"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Italo-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "ciglio"
},
"expansion": "Italian: ciglio",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Italian: ciglio"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "scn",
"2": "cigghiu",
"3": "gigghiu"
},
"expansion": "Sicilian: cigghiu, gigghiu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sicilian: cigghiu, gigghiu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Insular Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sc",
"2": "chizu",
"3": "cillu",
"4": "chiza"
},
"expansion": "Sardinian: chizu, cillu, chiza",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sardinian: chizu, cillu, chiza"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "North Italian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fur",
"2": "cee"
},
"expansion": "Friulian: cee",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Friulian: cee"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ist",
"2": "sia"
},
"expansion": "Istriot: sia",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Istriot: sia"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lmo",
"2": "zida"
},
"expansion": "Lombard: zida",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lombard: zida"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pms",
"2": "sign",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Piedmontese: sign",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Piedmontese: sign"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rgn",
"2": "zida"
},
"expansion": "Romagnol: zida",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Romagnol: zida"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rm",
"2": "tschegl"
},
"expansion": "Romansch: tschegl",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Romansch: tschegl"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vec",
"2": "segia",
"3": "zheja",
"4": "cegia",
"5": "çéi"
},
"expansion": "Venetan: segia, zheja, cegia, çéi",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Venetan: segia, zheja, cegia, çéi"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Gallo-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "cella"
},
"expansion": "Catalan: cella",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Catalan: cella"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "cil",
"3": "cille"
},
"expansion": "Old French: cil, cille",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old French: cil, cille"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "cil"
},
"expansion": "French: cil",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "French: cil"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc",
"2": "cilh",
"3": "celh",
"4": "cilha",
"5": "celha"
},
"expansion": "Occitan: cilh, celh, cilha, celha",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Occitan: cilh, celh, cilha, celha"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Ibero-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "an",
"2": "cella"
},
"expansion": "Aragonese: cella",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Aragonese: cella"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ast",
"2": "ceya"
},
"expansion": "Asturian: ceya",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Asturian: ceya"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "cella"
},
"expansion": "Galician: cella",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Galician: cella"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "celha"
},
"expansion": "Portuguese: celha",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Portuguese: celha"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "ceja",
"3": "cejo"
},
"expansion": "Spanish: ceja, cejo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Spanish: ceja, cejo"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Borrowings:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cilium",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: cilium",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: cilium"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "io",
"2": "cilio",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Ido: cilio",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Ido: cilio"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "cílio",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Portuguese: cílio",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Portuguese: cílio"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "ciliu",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Romanian: ciliu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Romanian: ciliu"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "cilio",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Spanish: cilio",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Spanish: cilio"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "cilie",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Swedish: cilie",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Swedish: cilie"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ḱel- (cover)"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*keljom"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *keljom",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*ḱel-yo-m"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ḱel-yo-m",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ḱel-",
"4": "",
"5": "to cover"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ḱel- (“to cover”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "κῠ́λᾱ",
"t": "the parts under the eyes"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek κῠ́λᾱ (kŭ́lā, “the parts under the eyes”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Italic *keljom, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱel-yo-m, which is derived from Proto-Indo-European *ḱel- (“to cover”). Alternatively, compare Ancient Greek κῠ́λᾱ (kŭ́lā, “the parts under the eyes”) (though Beekes doubts this connection and derives the latter from Pre-Greek).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ciliī",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "cilī",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "cilium",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cilia",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ciliī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cilī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciliōrum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ciliō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciliīs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cilium",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cilia",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ciliō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciliīs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cilium",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "cilia",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cilium<2>"
},
"expansion": "cilium n (genitive ciliī or cilī); second declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cilium<2>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Anatomy",
"orig": "la:Anatomy",
"parents": [
"Biology",
"Medicine",
"Sciences",
"Healthcare",
"All topics",
"Health",
"Fundamental",
"Body"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "16 12 13 11 16 16 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 12 12 7 19 19 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 34 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 37 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin neuter nouns in the second declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "35 35 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin terms suffixed with -ium",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "35 35 30",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Eye",
"orig": "la:Eye",
"parents": [
"Face",
"Vision",
"Head and neck",
"Senses",
"Body parts",
"Perception",
"Body",
"Anatomy",
"All topics",
"Biology",
"Medicine",
"Fundamental",
"Sciences",
"Healthcare",
"Health"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"eyelid"
],
"id": "en-cilium-la-noun-oGA4awfi",
"links": [
[
"anatomy",
"anatomy"
],
[
"eyelid",
"eyelid"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(anatomy) eyelid"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "palpebra"
}
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"neuter"
],
"topics": [
"anatomy",
"medicine",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "supercilium"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Anatomy",
"orig": "la:Anatomy",
"parents": [
"Biology",
"Medicine",
"Sciences",
"Healthcare",
"All topics",
"Health",
"Fundamental",
"Body"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "16 12 13 11 16 16 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 12 12 7 19 19 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 34 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 37 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin neuter nouns in the second declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "35 35 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin terms suffixed with -ium",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "35 35 30",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Eye",
"orig": "la:Eye",
"parents": [
"Face",
"Vision",
"Head and neck",
"Senses",
"Body parts",
"Perception",
"Body",
"Anatomy",
"All topics",
"Biology",
"Medicine",
"Fundamental",
"Sciences",
"Healthcare",
"Health"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"eyelid",
"lower eyelid"
],
"id": "en-cilium-la-noun-jafC-7Ap",
"links": [
[
"anatomy",
"anatomy"
],
[
"eyelid",
"eyelid"
],
[
"lower",
"lower"
]
],
"qualifier": "transferred sense",
"raw_glosses": [
"(anatomy) eyelid",
"(transferred sense) lower eyelid"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "palpebra"
}
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"neuter"
],
"topics": [
"anatomy",
"medicine",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Medieval Latin",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "16 12 13 11 16 16 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 12 12 7 19 19 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "34 34 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 37 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin neuter nouns in the second declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "35 35 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin terms suffixed with -ium",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "35 35 30",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Eye",
"orig": "la:Eye",
"parents": [
"Face",
"Vision",
"Head and neck",
"Senses",
"Body parts",
"Perception",
"Body",
"Anatomy",
"All topics",
"Biology",
"Medicine",
"Fundamental",
"Sciences",
"Healthcare",
"Health"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"eyelash"
],
"id": "en-cilium-la-noun-cOvPgAFF",
"links": [
[
"eyelash",
"eyelash"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Medieval Latin, usually in the plural) eyelash"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "palpebra"
}
],
"tags": [
"Medieval-Latin",
"declension-2",
"neuter",
"plural-normally"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈki.li.um/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈkɪlʲiʊ̃ˑ]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈt͡ʃi.li.um/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈt͡ʃiːlium]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "cilium"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English nouns with irregular plurals",
"English terms borrowed from Latin",
"English terms derived from Latin",
"English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ḱel- (cover)",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:English/ɪliəm",
"Rhymes:English/ɪliəm/3 syllables",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Central Kurdish translations",
"Terms with Chinese translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with Greek translations",
"Terms with Maori translations",
"Terms with Nepali translations",
"Terms with Northern Kurdish translations",
"Terms with Polish translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Spanish translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations",
"la:Eye"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "ciliary"
},
{
"word": "ciliate"
},
{
"word": "Ciliate"
},
{
"word": "cilio-"
},
{
"word": "kinocilium"
},
{
"word": "macrocilium"
},
{
"word": "monociliate"
},
{
"word": "monocilium"
},
{
"word": "stereocilium"
},
{
"word": "uniciliate"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ḱel- (cover)"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "la",
"3": "cilium",
"4": "",
"5": "eyelid"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Latin cilium (“eyelid”)",
"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Latin cilium (“eyelid”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "cilia",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cilia"
},
"expansion": "cilium (plural cilia)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"hyponyms": [
{
"word": "ciliolum"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "supercilium"
},
{
"word": "flagellum"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations",
"Quotation templates to be cleaned",
"en:Cytology"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1892, Carl Friedrich Wilhelm Claus, edited by F. G. Heathcote, Elementary Text-book of Zoology:",
"text": "It is the deeper parts of such cells which give rise to delicate muscular fibres or networks of fibres, while the superficially placed body of the cell myoblast), the part which produces the above, performs other functions, and usually bears a cilium.",
"type": "quote"
},
{
"ref": "2006, Manfred Schliwa, Molecular Motors, page 359:",
"text": "The clockwise beating of cilia results in a net flow of extraembryonic fluid leftwards […]",
"type": "quote"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A short microscopic hairlike organelle projecting from a eukaryotic cell (such as a unicellular organism or one cell of a multicelled organism) which serve either for propulsion by causing currents in the surrounding fluid or as sensors."
],
"links": [
[
"cytology",
"cytology"
],
[
"microscopic",
"microscopic"
],
[
"hairlike",
"hairlike"
],
[
"organelle",
"organelle"
],
[
"project",
"project"
],
[
"eukaryotic",
"eukaryotic"
],
[
"cell",
"cell"
],
[
"unicellular",
"unicellular"
],
[
"organism",
"organism"
],
[
"multicelled",
"multicelled"
],
[
"propulsion",
"propulsion"
],
[
"current",
"current"
],
[
"fluid",
"fluid"
],
[
"sensor",
"sensor"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(cytology) A short microscopic hairlike organelle projecting from a eukaryotic cell (such as a unicellular organism or one cell of a multicelled organism) which serve either for propulsion by causing currents in the surrounding fluid or as sensors."
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"cytology",
"medicine",
"natural-sciences",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Entomology"
],
"glosses": [
"One of the fine hairs along an insect's wing."
],
"links": [
[
"entomology",
"entomology"
],
[
"fine",
"fine"
],
[
"hair",
"hair"
],
[
"insect",
"insect"
],
[
"wing",
"wing"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(entomology) One of the fine hairs along an insect's wing."
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"entomology",
"natural-sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Botany"
],
"glosses": [
"Hairs or similar protrusions along the margin of an organ."
],
"links": [
[
"botany",
"botany"
],
[
"Hair",
"hair"
],
[
"protrusion",
"protrusion"
],
[
"margin",
"margin"
],
[
"organ",
"organ"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(botany) Hairs or similar protrusions along the margin of an organ."
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"botany",
"natural-sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Anatomy"
],
"glosses": [
"An eyelash."
],
"links": [
[
"anatomy",
"anatomy"
],
[
"eyelash",
"eyelash"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(anatomy) An eyelash."
],
"topics": [
"anatomy",
"medicine",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈsɪl.i.əm/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɪliəm"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "resna",
"sense": "hairlike organelle projecting from eukaryotic cell",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ресна"
},
{
"code": "zh",
"lang": "Chinese",
"roman": "xiānmáo",
"sense": "hairlike organelle projecting from eukaryotic cell",
"word": "纖毛 /纤毛"
},
{
"code": "zh",
"lang": "Chinese",
"roman": "xiānmáo",
"sense": "hairlike organelle projecting from eukaryotic cell",
"word": "纤毛"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "hairlike organelle projecting from eukaryotic cell",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "řasinka"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"sense": "hairlike organelle projecting from eukaryotic cell",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "brva"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "hairlike organelle projecting from eukaryotic cell",
"word": "värekarva"
},
{
"code": "el",
"lang": "Greek",
"roman": "vlefarída",
"sense": "hairlike organelle projecting from eukaryotic cell",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "βλεφαρίδα"
},
{
"code": "ckb",
"lang": "Central Kurdish",
"roman": "birjolle",
"sense": "hairlike organelle projecting from eukaryotic cell",
"word": "برژۆڵە"
},
{
"code": "kmr",
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"sense": "hairlike organelle projecting from eukaryotic cell",
"word": "kûlk"
},
{
"code": "mi",
"lang": "Maori",
"sense": "hairlike organelle projecting from eukaryotic cell",
"word": "hururiki"
},
{
"code": "ne",
"lang": "Nepali",
"roman": "pakṣma",
"sense": "hairlike organelle projecting from eukaryotic cell",
"word": "पक्ष्म"
},
{
"code": "pl",
"lang": "Polish",
"sense": "hairlike organelle projecting from eukaryotic cell",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "rzęska"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"sense": "hairlike organelle projecting from eukaryotic cell",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cílio"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"roman": "resníčka",
"sense": "hairlike organelle projecting from eukaryotic cell",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ресни́чка"
},
{
"code": "es",
"lang": "Spanish",
"sense": "hairlike organelle projecting from eukaryotic cell",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "cilio"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"sense": "hairlike organelle projecting from eukaryotic cell",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "cilie"
},
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"roman": "resnica",
"sense": "hair along the margin of an organ",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "ресница"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"sense": "hair along the margin of an organ",
"word": "ripsi"
}
],
"word": "cilium"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latin 3-syllable words",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin neuter nouns",
"Latin neuter nouns in the second declension",
"Latin nouns",
"Latin second declension nouns",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"Latin terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ḱel- (cover)",
"Latin terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latin terms inherited from Proto-Italic",
"Latin terms suffixed with -ium",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"la:Eye"
],
"derived": [
{
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "ciliāris"
},
{
"word": "intercilium"
},
{
"word": "supercilium"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Dalmatian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "čeja"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Italo-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "ciglio"
},
"expansion": "Italian: ciglio",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Italian: ciglio"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "scn",
"2": "cigghiu",
"3": "gigghiu"
},
"expansion": "Sicilian: cigghiu, gigghiu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sicilian: cigghiu, gigghiu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Insular Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sc",
"2": "chizu",
"3": "cillu",
"4": "chiza"
},
"expansion": "Sardinian: chizu, cillu, chiza",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sardinian: chizu, cillu, chiza"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "North Italian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fur",
"2": "cee"
},
"expansion": "Friulian: cee",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Friulian: cee"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ist",
"2": "sia"
},
"expansion": "Istriot: sia",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Istriot: sia"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lmo",
"2": "zida"
},
"expansion": "Lombard: zida",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lombard: zida"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pms",
"2": "sign",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Piedmontese: sign",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Piedmontese: sign"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rgn",
"2": "zida"
},
"expansion": "Romagnol: zida",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Romagnol: zida"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rm",
"2": "tschegl"
},
"expansion": "Romansch: tschegl",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Romansch: tschegl"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vec",
"2": "segia",
"3": "zheja",
"4": "cegia",
"5": "çéi"
},
"expansion": "Venetan: segia, zheja, cegia, çéi",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Venetan: segia, zheja, cegia, çéi"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Gallo-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "cella"
},
"expansion": "Catalan: cella",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Catalan: cella"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "cil",
"3": "cille"
},
"expansion": "Old French: cil, cille",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old French: cil, cille"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "cil"
},
"expansion": "French: cil",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "French: cil"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc",
"2": "cilh",
"3": "celh",
"4": "cilha",
"5": "celha"
},
"expansion": "Occitan: cilh, celh, cilha, celha",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Occitan: cilh, celh, cilha, celha"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Ibero-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "an",
"2": "cella"
},
"expansion": "Aragonese: cella",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Aragonese: cella"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ast",
"2": "ceya"
},
"expansion": "Asturian: ceya",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Asturian: ceya"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "cella"
},
"expansion": "Galician: cella",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Galician: cella"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "celha"
},
"expansion": "Portuguese: celha",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Portuguese: celha"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "ceja",
"3": "cejo"
},
"expansion": "Spanish: ceja, cejo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Spanish: ceja, cejo"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Borrowings:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cilium",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: cilium",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: cilium"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "io",
"2": "cilio",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Ido: cilio",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Ido: cilio"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "cílio",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Portuguese: cílio",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Portuguese: cílio"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "ciliu",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Romanian: ciliu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Romanian: ciliu"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "cilio",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Spanish: cilio",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Spanish: cilio"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "cilie",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Swedish: cilie",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Swedish: cilie"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ḱel- (cover)"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*keljom"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *keljom",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*ḱel-yo-m"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ḱel-yo-m",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ḱel-",
"4": "",
"5": "to cover"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ḱel- (“to cover”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "κῠ́λᾱ",
"t": "the parts under the eyes"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek κῠ́λᾱ (kŭ́lā, “the parts under the eyes”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Italic *keljom, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱel-yo-m, which is derived from Proto-Indo-European *ḱel- (“to cover”). Alternatively, compare Ancient Greek κῠ́λᾱ (kŭ́lā, “the parts under the eyes”) (though Beekes doubts this connection and derives the latter from Pre-Greek).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ciliī",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "cilī",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "cilium",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cilia",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ciliī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cilī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciliōrum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ciliō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciliīs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cilium",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cilia",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ciliō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ciliīs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cilium",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "cilia",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cilium<2>"
},
"expansion": "cilium n (genitive ciliī or cilī); second declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cilium<2>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"la:Anatomy"
],
"glosses": [
"eyelid"
],
"links": [
[
"anatomy",
"anatomy"
],
[
"eyelid",
"eyelid"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(anatomy) eyelid"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "palpebra"
}
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"neuter"
],
"topics": [
"anatomy",
"medicine",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "supercilium"
}
],
"categories": [
"Latin terms with transferred senses",
"la:Anatomy"
],
"glosses": [
"eyelid",
"lower eyelid"
],
"links": [
[
"anatomy",
"anatomy"
],
[
"eyelid",
"eyelid"
],
[
"lower",
"lower"
]
],
"qualifier": "transferred sense",
"raw_glosses": [
"(anatomy) eyelid",
"(transferred sense) lower eyelid"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "palpebra"
}
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"neuter"
],
"topics": [
"anatomy",
"medicine",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Medieval Latin"
],
"glosses": [
"eyelash"
],
"links": [
[
"eyelash",
"eyelash"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Medieval Latin, usually in the plural) eyelash"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "palpebra"
}
],
"tags": [
"Medieval-Latin",
"declension-2",
"neuter",
"plural-normally"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈki.li.um/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈkɪlʲiʊ̃ˑ]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈt͡ʃi.li.um/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈt͡ʃiːlium]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "cilium"
}
Download raw JSONL data for cilium meaning in All languages combined (15.7kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-20 using wiktextract (c15a5ce and 5c11237). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.