See borna on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for borna meaning in All languages combined (28.2kB)
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "East Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "orv",
"2": "борона"
},
"expansion": "Old East Slavic: борона (borona)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old East Slavic: борона (borona)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "be",
"2": "барана́"
},
"expansion": "Belarusian: барана́ (baraná)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Belarusian: барана́ (baraná)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "борона́"
},
"expansion": "Russian: борона́ (boroná)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Russian: борона́ (boroná)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "боро́нка",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Russian: боро́нка (borónka)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dialectal"
},
"expansion": "(dialectal)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Russian: боро́нка (borónka) (dialectal)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zle-ouk",
"2": "борона",
"alt": "борона́"
},
"expansion": "Old Ukrainian: борона́ (boroná)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Ukrainian: борона́ (boroná)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rue",
"2": "борона́"
},
"expansion": "Carpathian Rusyn: борона́ (boroná)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Carpathian Rusyn: борона́ (boroná)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "боро́на",
"3": "борона́"
},
"expansion": "Ukrainian: боро́на (boróna), борона́ (boroná)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ukrainian: боро́на (boróna), борона́ (boroná)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "бра́на"
},
"expansion": "Bulgarian: бра́на (brána)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "брана́"
},
"expansion": "брана́ (braná)",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dialectal"
},
"expansion": "(dialectal)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Bulgarian: бра́на (brána); брана́ (braná) (dialectal)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mk",
"2": "брана"
},
"expansion": "Macedonian: брана (brana)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Macedonian: брана (brana)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Serbo-Croatian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Serbo-Croatian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "бра́на",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Cyrillic script: бра́на",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "бра̑на"
},
"expansion": "бра̑на",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dialectal"
},
"expansion": "(dialectal)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Cyrillic script: бра́на; бра̑на (dialectal)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "brána",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Latin script: brána",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "brȃna"
},
"expansion": "brȃna",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dialectal"
},
"expansion": "(dialectal)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Latin script: brána; brȃna (dialectal)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sl",
"2": "brána"
},
"expansion": "Slovene: brána",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Slovene: brána"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "West Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-ocs",
"2": "brána"
},
"expansion": "Old Czech: brána",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Czech: brána"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "brána",
"3": "brány",
"g2": "p"
},
"expansion": "Czech: brána, brány pl",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Czech: brána, brány pl"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "brama",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Polish: brama",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Polish: brama"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "be",
"2": "бра́ма",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Belarusian: бра́ма (bráma)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Belarusian: бра́ма (bráma)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "бра́ма",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Ukrainian: бра́ма (bráma)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Ukrainian: бра́ма (bráma)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pox",
"2": "bornă"
},
"expansion": "Polabian: bornă",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Polabian: bornă"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "brona"
},
"expansion": "Old Polish: brona",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Polish: brona"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "brona"
},
"expansion": "Polish: brona",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Polish: brona"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sk",
"2": "brána",
"3": "brány",
"g2": "p"
},
"expansion": "Slovak: brána, brány pl",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sk",
"2": "brani",
"g": "p"
},
"expansion": "brani pl",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dialectal"
},
"expansion": "(dialectal)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Slovak: brána, brány pl; brani pl (dialectal)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Pomeranian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "csb",
"2": "barna",
"3": "bróna"
},
"expansion": "Kashubian: barna, bróna",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kashubian: barna, bróna"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-slv",
"2": "borna"
},
"expansion": "Slovincian: borna",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Slovincian: borna"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Sorbian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dsb",
"2": "brona"
},
"expansion": "Lower Sorbian: brona",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lower Sorbian: brona"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hsb",
"2": "bróna"
},
"expansion": "Upper Sorbian: bróna",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Upper Sorbian: bróna"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hu",
"2": "borona",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Hungarian: borona",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Hungarian: borona"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰerH-",
"id": "pierce"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰorh₃neh₂"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰorh₃neh₂",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*bʰerh₃-",
"3": "",
"4": "to hit with a sharp instrument"
},
"expansion": "*bʰerh₃- (“to hit with a sharp instrument”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "forō",
"3": "",
"4": "to bore, pierce"
},
"expansion": "Latin forō (“to bore, pierce”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "bora",
"3": "",
"4": "to bore, drill"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse bora (“to bore, drill”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "φάρω"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek φάρω (phárō)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "φάρος"
},
"expansion": "φάρος (pháros)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*bьrdo",
"3": "",
"4": "weaving comb, reed"
},
"expansion": "*bьrdo (“weaving comb, reed”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*boriti",
"3": "*boriti sę",
"4": "to fight"
},
"expansion": "*boriti sę (“to fight”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*borzda",
"3": "",
"4": "furrow"
},
"expansion": "*borzda (“furrow”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*borniti",
"3": "",
"4": "to guard, protect, defend"
},
"expansion": "*borniti (“to guard, protect, defend”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*borti",
"3": "",
"4": "to fight, conquer"
},
"expansion": "*borti (“to fight, conquer”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "feriō",
"3": "",
"4": "to hit, strike"
},
"expansion": "Latin feriō (“to hit, strike”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "berja",
"3": "",
"4": "to beat, hit"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse berja (“to beat, hit”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*bʰerh₃-",
"3": "",
"4": "to hit with a sharp instrument"
},
"expansion": "*bʰerh₃- (“to hit with a sharp instrument”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "bránice",
"3": "",
"4": "membrane, diaphragm"
},
"expansion": "Czech bránice (“membrane, diaphragm”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sk",
"2": "branica",
"3": "",
"4": "membrane"
},
"expansion": "Slovak branica (“membrane”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sl",
"2": "brána"
},
"expansion": "Slovene brána",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sl",
"2": "bránica",
"3": "",
"4": "membrane"
},
"expansion": "bránica (“membrane”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "борона́",
"3": "",
"4": "harrow"
},
"expansion": "борона́ (boroná, “harrow”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "боро́на",
"3": "",
"4": "defense"
},
"expansion": "боро́на (boróna, “defense”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "ESSJa treats it as as a single headword, Derksen as two (separating meanings \"harrow\" and \"guarded entrance, barrier\"), and Sławski as three (\"harrow\", \"defended/defending object\" and \"membrane\").\nThe meaning \"harrow\" is from Proto-Indo-European *bʰorh₃neh₂, o-grade derivation from *bʰerh₃- (“to hit with a sharp instrument”). Cognates include Latin forō (“to bore, pierce”), Old Norse bora (“to bore, drill”) and Ancient Greek φάρω (phárō), φάρος (pháros). From the same root also Common Slavic *bьrdo (“weaving comb, reed”), *boriti sę (“to fight”), and *borzda (“furrow”).\nSławski derives the set of meanings \"protection, guard, defense; object of protecting, defending, gate, dam, barrier, fortification\" as an action noun of the verb *borniti (“to guard, protect, defend”). Derksen legitimizes separate treatment due to the semantic difficulties of connecting Common Slavic *borti (“to fight, conquer”) as well as other Indo-European cognates (Latin feriō (“to hit, strike”), Old Norse berja (“to beat, hit”)) with the root *bʰerh₃- (“to hit with a sharp instrument”).\nThe third separate meaning \"membrane\" (on the basis of Czech bránice (“membrane, diaphragm”), Slovak branica (“membrane”) and Slovene brána, bránica (“membrane”) is with uncertainty reconstructed by Sławski, with various explanations of origin.\nNote that Ukrainian distinguishes борона́ (boroná, “harrow”) from боро́на (boróna, “defense”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bōrnà",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "bornà",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "b",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accent-paradigm"
]
},
{
"form": "nominative",
"source": "declension"
},
{
"form": "bōrnà",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bõrně",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "bōrnỳ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "genitive",
"source": "declension"
},
{
"form": "bōrnỳ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bōrnù",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "bõrnъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dative",
"source": "declension"
},
{
"form": "bōrně̀",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bōrnàma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "bōrnàmъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "accusative",
"source": "declension"
},
{
"form": "bōrnǫ̀",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "instrumental",
"source": "declension"
},
{
"form": "bōrnòjǫ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bõrnǫ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bōrnàmī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "locative",
"source": "declension"
},
{
"form": "bōrnàsъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bōrnàxъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vocative",
"source": "declension"
},
{
"form": "borno",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "c",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accent-paradigm"
]
},
{
"form": "nominative",
"source": "declension"
},
{
"form": "bornà",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bȏrně",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "bȏrny",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "genitive",
"source": "declension"
},
{
"form": "borný",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bornù",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "bõrnъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dative",
"source": "declension"
},
{
"form": "borně̀",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bornàma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "bornàmъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "accusative",
"source": "declension"
},
{
"form": "bȏrnǫ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "instrumental",
"source": "declension"
},
{
"form": "bornojǫ́",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bornàmi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "locative",
"source": "declension"
},
{
"form": "bȏrně",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bornàsъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bornàxъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vocative",
"source": "declension"
},
{
"form": "borno",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bōrnà",
"ap": "b"
},
"name": "sla-decl-noun"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bornà",
"ap": "c"
},
"name": "sla-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/borna",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"english": "standoff, battle",
"word": "bornь"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"english": "prohibition",
"word": "zaborna"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"english": "interdict, veto",
"word": "vъzborna"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "13 47 40",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "46 33 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic nominals with accent paradigm b",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "46 33 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic nominals with accent paradigm c",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"harrow"
],
"id": "en-borna-sla-pro-noun-M1zZPT73",
"links": [
[
"harrow",
"harrow"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "13 47 40",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"guarded entrance, protection, barrier, defense"
],
"id": "en-borna-sla-pro-noun-Ds~fc9GP",
"links": [
[
"guard",
"guard"
],
[
"entrance",
"entrance"
],
[
"protection",
"protection"
],
[
"barrier",
"barrier"
],
[
"defense",
"defense"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "13 47 40",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"the object being defended/restrained or defending/restraining, especially fortified gate, dam, dike etc."
],
"id": "en-borna-sla-pro-noun-p6W4YEmK",
"links": [
[
"defended",
"defended"
],
[
"restrain",
"restrain"
],
[
"gate",
"gate"
],
[
"dam",
"dam"
],
[
"dike",
"dike"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension) the object being defended/restrained or defending/restraining, especially fortified gate, dam, dike etc."
],
"tags": [
"broadly",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Marko Snoj",
"Rick Derksen"
],
"word": "borna"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "borna",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "French entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "borner"
}
],
"glosses": [
"third-person singular past historic of borner"
],
"id": "en-borna-fr-verb-F3LQSUIy",
"links": [
[
"borner",
"borner#French"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"historic",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"word": "borna"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "noun form",
"g": "n"
},
"expansion": "borna n",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Norwegian Nynorsk entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "barn"
}
],
"glosses": [
"definite plural of barn"
],
"id": "en-borna-nn-noun-ZHRLnDhb",
"links": [
[
"barn",
"barn#Norwegian Nynorsk"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "barna"
}
],
"tags": [
"definite",
"form-of",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
}
],
"word": "borna"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "noun form"
},
"expansion": "borna",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Old Norse",
"lang_code": "non",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "11 18 14 18 18 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Norse entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "bora"
}
],
"glosses": [
"indefinite genitive plural of bora"
],
"id": "en-borna-non-noun-tTBIm2zc",
"links": [
[
"bora",
"bora#Old Norse"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
}
],
"word": "borna"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "participle form"
},
"expansion": "borna",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Old Norse",
"lang_code": "non",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "11 18 14 18 18 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Norse entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "borinn"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of borinn:\n## strong feminine accusative singular\n## strong masculine accusative plural\n## weak masculine oblique singular\n## weak feminine nominative singular\n## weak neuter singular",
"strong feminine accusative singular"
],
"id": "en-borna-non-verb-~wuP4GL4",
"links": [
[
"borinn",
"borinn#Old Norse"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"inflection of borinn:\n"
],
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"form-of",
"participle",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "11 18 14 18 18 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Norse entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "borinn"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of borinn:\n## strong feminine accusative singular\n## strong masculine accusative plural\n## weak masculine oblique singular\n## weak feminine nominative singular\n## weak neuter singular",
"strong masculine accusative plural"
],
"id": "en-borna-non-verb-~51yyRRG",
"links": [
[
"borinn",
"borinn#Old Norse"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"inflection of borinn:\n"
],
"tags": [
"accusative",
"form-of",
"masculine",
"participle",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "11 18 14 18 18 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Norse entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "borinn"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of borinn:\n## strong feminine accusative singular\n## strong masculine accusative plural\n## weak masculine oblique singular\n## weak feminine nominative singular\n## weak neuter singular",
"weak masculine oblique singular"
],
"id": "en-borna-non-verb-FFwyQk1q",
"links": [
[
"borinn",
"borinn#Old Norse"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"inflection of borinn:\n"
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"masculine",
"oblique",
"participle",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "11 18 14 18 18 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Norse entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "borinn"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of borinn:\n## strong feminine accusative singular\n## strong masculine accusative plural\n## weak masculine oblique singular\n## weak feminine nominative singular\n## weak neuter singular",
"weak feminine nominative singular"
],
"id": "en-borna-non-verb-NcJiNhKE",
"links": [
[
"borinn",
"borinn#Old Norse"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"inflection of borinn:\n"
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"form-of",
"nominative",
"participle",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "11 18 14 18 18 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Norse entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "borinn"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of borinn:\n## strong feminine accusative singular\n## strong masculine accusative plural\n## weak masculine oblique singular\n## weak feminine nominative singular\n## weak neuter singular",
"weak neuter singular"
],
"id": "en-borna-non-verb-eM2agxFg",
"links": [
[
"borinn",
"borinn#Old Norse"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"inflection of borinn:\n"
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"neuter",
"participle",
"singular",
"weak"
]
}
],
"word": "borna"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "loanword",
"2": "Borrowed"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "fr",
"3": "borner",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "French borner",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "fr",
"3": "borner"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from French borner",
"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from French borner.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "a borna",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "bornează",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "bornat",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "conjugation-1",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ro-conj-a-ez",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a borna",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "bornând",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"gerund"
]
},
{
"form": "bornat",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "bornez",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bornezi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bornează",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "bornăm",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "bornați",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "bornează",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "bornam",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bornai",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "borna",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "bornam",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bornați",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "bornau",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "bornai",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"perfect",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bornași",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"perfect",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bornă",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"perfect",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "bornarăm",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"perfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bornarăți",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"perfect",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "bornară",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"perfect",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "bornasem",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"pluperfect",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bornaseși",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"pluperfect",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bornase",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"pluperfect",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "bornaserăm",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"pluperfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bornaserăți",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"pluperfect",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "bornaseră",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"pluperfect",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "să bornez",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "să bornezi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "să borneze",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "să bornăm",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "să bornați",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "să borneze",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "bornează",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bornați",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "nu borna",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"negative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "nu bornați",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"negative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bornează",
"2": "bornat"
},
"expansion": "a borna (third-person singular present bornează, past participle bornat) 1st conj.",
"name": "ro-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "ro-conj-a-ez"
}
],
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Romanian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Romanian verbs in 1st conjugation",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to put milestones or bollards"
],
"id": "en-borna-ro-verb-rHPCqQDH",
"links": [
[
"milestone",
"milestone"
],
[
"bollard",
"bollard"
]
],
"tags": [
"conjugation-1"
]
}
],
"word": "borna"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-slv",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*borna",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *borna",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-slv",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*borna"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *borna",
"name": "inh+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *borna.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "borna f",
"name": "zlw-slv-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"bor‧na"
],
"lang": "Slovincian",
"lang_code": "zlw-slv",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Slovincian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"harrow"
],
"id": "en-borna-zlw-slv-noun-M1zZPT73",
"links": [
[
"harrow",
"harrow"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈbɔrna/"
}
],
"word": "borna"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "noun form"
},
"expansion": "borna",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Swedish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "bo"
}
],
"glosses": [
"definite plural of bo"
],
"id": "en-borna-sv-noun-rHEPJ-Cr",
"links": [
[
"bo",
"bo#Swedish"
]
],
"tags": [
"definite",
"form-of",
"plural"
]
}
],
"word": "borna"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "borna",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"French entries with incorrect language header",
"French non-lemma forms",
"French verb forms"
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "borner"
}
],
"glosses": [
"third-person singular past historic of borner"
],
"links": [
[
"borner",
"borner#French"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"historic",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"word": "borna"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "noun form",
"g": "n"
},
"expansion": "borna n",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Norwegian Nynorsk entries with incorrect language header",
"Norwegian Nynorsk non-lemma forms",
"Norwegian Nynorsk noun forms"
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "barn"
}
],
"glosses": [
"definite plural of barn"
],
"links": [
[
"barn",
"barn#Norwegian Nynorsk"
]
],
"tags": [
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"form-of",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "barna"
}
],
"word": "borna"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old Norse entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Norse non-lemma forms",
"Old Norse noun forms",
"Old Norse participle forms"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "noun form"
},
"expansion": "borna",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Old Norse",
"lang_code": "non",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "bora"
}
],
"glosses": [
"indefinite genitive plural of bora"
],
"links": [
[
"bora",
"bora#Old Norse"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"genitive",
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
}
],
"word": "borna"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old Norse entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Norse non-lemma forms",
"Old Norse noun forms",
"Old Norse participle forms"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "participle form"
},
"expansion": "borna",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Old Norse",
"lang_code": "non",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "borinn"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of borinn:\n## strong feminine accusative singular\n## strong masculine accusative plural\n## weak masculine oblique singular\n## weak feminine nominative singular\n## weak neuter singular",
"strong feminine accusative singular"
],
"links": [
[
"borinn",
"borinn#Old Norse"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"inflection of borinn:\n"
],
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"form-of",
"participle",
"singular",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "borinn"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of borinn:\n## strong feminine accusative singular\n## strong masculine accusative plural\n## weak masculine oblique singular\n## weak feminine nominative singular\n## weak neuter singular",
"strong masculine accusative plural"
],
"links": [
[
"borinn",
"borinn#Old Norse"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"inflection of borinn:\n"
],
"tags": [
"accusative",
"form-of",
"masculine",
"participle",
"plural",
"strong"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "borinn"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of borinn:\n## strong feminine accusative singular\n## strong masculine accusative plural\n## weak masculine oblique singular\n## weak feminine nominative singular\n## weak neuter singular",
"weak masculine oblique singular"
],
"links": [
[
"borinn",
"borinn#Old Norse"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"inflection of borinn:\n"
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"masculine",
"oblique",
"participle",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "borinn"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of borinn:\n## strong feminine accusative singular\n## strong masculine accusative plural\n## weak masculine oblique singular\n## weak feminine nominative singular\n## weak neuter singular",
"weak feminine nominative singular"
],
"links": [
[
"borinn",
"borinn#Old Norse"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"inflection of borinn:\n"
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"form-of",
"nominative",
"participle",
"singular",
"weak"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "borinn"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of borinn:\n## strong feminine accusative singular\n## strong masculine accusative plural\n## weak masculine oblique singular\n## weak feminine nominative singular\n## weak neuter singular",
"weak neuter singular"
],
"links": [
[
"borinn",
"borinn#Old Norse"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"inflection of borinn:\n"
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"neuter",
"participle",
"singular",
"weak"
]
}
],
"word": "borna"
}
{
"categories": [
"Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Slavic feminine nouns",
"Proto-Slavic hard a-stem nouns",
"Proto-Slavic lemmas",
"Proto-Slavic nominals with accent paradigm b",
"Proto-Slavic nominals with accent paradigm c",
"Proto-Slavic nouns",
"Proto-Slavic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Slavic terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰerH- (pierce)"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "East Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "orv",
"2": "борона"
},
"expansion": "Old East Slavic: борона (borona)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old East Slavic: борона (borona)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "be",
"2": "барана́"
},
"expansion": "Belarusian: барана́ (baraná)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Belarusian: барана́ (baraná)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "борона́"
},
"expansion": "Russian: борона́ (boroná)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Russian: борона́ (boroná)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "боро́нка",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Russian: боро́нка (borónka)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dialectal"
},
"expansion": "(dialectal)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Russian: боро́нка (borónka) (dialectal)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zle-ouk",
"2": "борона",
"alt": "борона́"
},
"expansion": "Old Ukrainian: борона́ (boroná)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Ukrainian: борона́ (boroná)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rue",
"2": "борона́"
},
"expansion": "Carpathian Rusyn: борона́ (boroná)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Carpathian Rusyn: борона́ (boroná)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "боро́на",
"3": "борона́"
},
"expansion": "Ukrainian: боро́на (boróna), борона́ (boroná)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ukrainian: боро́на (boróna), борона́ (boroná)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "South Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "бра́на"
},
"expansion": "Bulgarian: бра́на (brána)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "брана́"
},
"expansion": "брана́ (braná)",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dialectal"
},
"expansion": "(dialectal)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Bulgarian: бра́на (brána); брана́ (braná) (dialectal)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mk",
"2": "брана"
},
"expansion": "Macedonian: брана (brana)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Macedonian: брана (brana)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Serbo-Croatian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Serbo-Croatian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "бра́на",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Cyrillic script: бра́на",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "бра̑на"
},
"expansion": "бра̑на",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dialectal"
},
"expansion": "(dialectal)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Cyrillic script: бра́на; бра̑на (dialectal)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "brána",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Latin script: brána",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "brȃna"
},
"expansion": "brȃna",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dialectal"
},
"expansion": "(dialectal)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Latin script: brána; brȃna (dialectal)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sl",
"2": "brána"
},
"expansion": "Slovene: brána",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Slovene: brána"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "West Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-ocs",
"2": "brána"
},
"expansion": "Old Czech: brána",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Czech: brána"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "brána",
"3": "brány",
"g2": "p"
},
"expansion": "Czech: brána, brány pl",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Czech: brána, brány pl"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "brama",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Polish: brama",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Polish: brama"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "be",
"2": "бра́ма",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Belarusian: бра́ма (bráma)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Belarusian: бра́ма (bráma)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "бра́ма",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Ukrainian: бра́ма (bráma)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Ukrainian: бра́ма (bráma)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pox",
"2": "bornă"
},
"expansion": "Polabian: bornă",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Polabian: bornă"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "brona"
},
"expansion": "Old Polish: brona",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Polish: brona"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "brona"
},
"expansion": "Polish: brona",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Polish: brona"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sk",
"2": "brána",
"3": "brány",
"g2": "p"
},
"expansion": "Slovak: brána, brány pl",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sk",
"2": "brani",
"g": "p"
},
"expansion": "brani pl",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dialectal"
},
"expansion": "(dialectal)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Slovak: brána, brány pl; brani pl (dialectal)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Pomeranian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "csb",
"2": "barna",
"3": "bróna"
},
"expansion": "Kashubian: barna, bróna",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kashubian: barna, bróna"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-slv",
"2": "borna"
},
"expansion": "Slovincian: borna",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Slovincian: borna"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Sorbian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dsb",
"2": "brona"
},
"expansion": "Lower Sorbian: brona",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lower Sorbian: brona"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hsb",
"2": "bróna"
},
"expansion": "Upper Sorbian: bróna",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Upper Sorbian: bróna"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hu",
"2": "borona",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Hungarian: borona",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Hungarian: borona"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰerH-",
"id": "pierce"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰorh₃neh₂"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰorh₃neh₂",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*bʰerh₃-",
"3": "",
"4": "to hit with a sharp instrument"
},
"expansion": "*bʰerh₃- (“to hit with a sharp instrument”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "forō",
"3": "",
"4": "to bore, pierce"
},
"expansion": "Latin forō (“to bore, pierce”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "bora",
"3": "",
"4": "to bore, drill"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse bora (“to bore, drill”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "φάρω"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek φάρω (phárō)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "φάρος"
},
"expansion": "φάρος (pháros)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*bьrdo",
"3": "",
"4": "weaving comb, reed"
},
"expansion": "*bьrdo (“weaving comb, reed”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*boriti",
"3": "*boriti sę",
"4": "to fight"
},
"expansion": "*boriti sę (“to fight”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*borzda",
"3": "",
"4": "furrow"
},
"expansion": "*borzda (“furrow”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*borniti",
"3": "",
"4": "to guard, protect, defend"
},
"expansion": "*borniti (“to guard, protect, defend”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*borti",
"3": "",
"4": "to fight, conquer"
},
"expansion": "*borti (“to fight, conquer”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "feriō",
"3": "",
"4": "to hit, strike"
},
"expansion": "Latin feriō (“to hit, strike”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "berja",
"3": "",
"4": "to beat, hit"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse berja (“to beat, hit”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*bʰerh₃-",
"3": "",
"4": "to hit with a sharp instrument"
},
"expansion": "*bʰerh₃- (“to hit with a sharp instrument”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "bránice",
"3": "",
"4": "membrane, diaphragm"
},
"expansion": "Czech bránice (“membrane, diaphragm”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sk",
"2": "branica",
"3": "",
"4": "membrane"
},
"expansion": "Slovak branica (“membrane”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sl",
"2": "brána"
},
"expansion": "Slovene brána",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sl",
"2": "bránica",
"3": "",
"4": "membrane"
},
"expansion": "bránica (“membrane”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "борона́",
"3": "",
"4": "harrow"
},
"expansion": "борона́ (boroná, “harrow”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "боро́на",
"3": "",
"4": "defense"
},
"expansion": "боро́на (boróna, “defense”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "ESSJa treats it as as a single headword, Derksen as two (separating meanings \"harrow\" and \"guarded entrance, barrier\"), and Sławski as three (\"harrow\", \"defended/defending object\" and \"membrane\").\nThe meaning \"harrow\" is from Proto-Indo-European *bʰorh₃neh₂, o-grade derivation from *bʰerh₃- (“to hit with a sharp instrument”). Cognates include Latin forō (“to bore, pierce”), Old Norse bora (“to bore, drill”) and Ancient Greek φάρω (phárō), φάρος (pháros). From the same root also Common Slavic *bьrdo (“weaving comb, reed”), *boriti sę (“to fight”), and *borzda (“furrow”).\nSławski derives the set of meanings \"protection, guard, defense; object of protecting, defending, gate, dam, barrier, fortification\" as an action noun of the verb *borniti (“to guard, protect, defend”). Derksen legitimizes separate treatment due to the semantic difficulties of connecting Common Slavic *borti (“to fight, conquer”) as well as other Indo-European cognates (Latin feriō (“to hit, strike”), Old Norse berja (“to beat, hit”)) with the root *bʰerh₃- (“to hit with a sharp instrument”).\nThe third separate meaning \"membrane\" (on the basis of Czech bránice (“membrane, diaphragm”), Slovak branica (“membrane”) and Slovene brána, bránica (“membrane”) is with uncertainty reconstructed by Sławski, with various explanations of origin.\nNote that Ukrainian distinguishes борона́ (boroná, “harrow”) from боро́на (boróna, “defense”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bōrnà",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "bornà",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "b",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accent-paradigm"
]
},
{
"form": "nominative",
"source": "declension"
},
{
"form": "bōrnà",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bõrně",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "bōrnỳ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "genitive",
"source": "declension"
},
{
"form": "bōrnỳ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bōrnù",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "bõrnъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dative",
"source": "declension"
},
{
"form": "bōrně̀",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bōrnàma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "bōrnàmъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "accusative",
"source": "declension"
},
{
"form": "bōrnǫ̀",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "instrumental",
"source": "declension"
},
{
"form": "bōrnòjǫ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bõrnǫ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bōrnàmī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "locative",
"source": "declension"
},
{
"form": "bōrnàsъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bōrnàxъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vocative",
"source": "declension"
},
{
"form": "borno",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "c",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accent-paradigm"
]
},
{
"form": "nominative",
"source": "declension"
},
{
"form": "bornà",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bȏrně",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "bȏrny",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "genitive",
"source": "declension"
},
{
"form": "borný",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bornù",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "bõrnъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dative",
"source": "declension"
},
{
"form": "borně̀",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bornàma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "bornàmъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "accusative",
"source": "declension"
},
{
"form": "bȏrnǫ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "instrumental",
"source": "declension"
},
{
"form": "bornojǫ́",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bornàmi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "locative",
"source": "declension"
},
{
"form": "bȏrně",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bornàsъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bornàxъ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "vocative",
"source": "declension"
},
{
"form": "borno",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bōrnà",
"ap": "b"
},
"name": "sla-decl-noun"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bornà",
"ap": "c"
},
"name": "sla-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/borna",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"english": "standoff, battle",
"word": "bornь"
},
{
"english": "prohibition",
"word": "zaborna"
},
{
"english": "interdict, veto",
"word": "vъzborna"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"sla-pro:Tools"
],
"glosses": [
"harrow"
],
"links": [
[
"harrow",
"harrow"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"guarded entrance, protection, barrier, defense"
],
"links": [
[
"guard",
"guard"
],
[
"entrance",
"entrance"
],
[
"protection",
"protection"
],
[
"barrier",
"barrier"
],
[
"defense",
"defense"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"the object being defended/restrained or defending/restraining, especially fortified gate, dam, dike etc."
],
"links": [
[
"defended",
"defended"
],
[
"restrain",
"restrain"
],
[
"gate",
"gate"
],
[
"dam",
"dam"
],
[
"dike",
"dike"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(by extension) the object being defended/restrained or defending/restraining, especially fortified gate, dam, dike etc."
],
"tags": [
"broadly",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Marko Snoj",
"Rick Derksen"
],
"word": "borna"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "loanword",
"2": "Borrowed"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "fr",
"3": "borner",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "French borner",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "fr",
"3": "borner"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from French borner",
"name": "bor+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from French borner.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "a borna",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "bornează",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "bornat",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "conjugation-1",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ro-conj-a-ez",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a borna",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "bornând",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"gerund"
]
},
{
"form": "bornat",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "bornez",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bornezi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bornează",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "bornăm",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "bornați",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "bornează",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "bornam",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bornai",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "borna",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "bornam",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bornați",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "bornau",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"indicative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "bornai",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"perfect",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bornași",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"perfect",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bornă",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"perfect",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "bornarăm",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"perfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bornarăți",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"perfect",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "bornară",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"perfect",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "bornasem",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"pluperfect",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bornaseși",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"pluperfect",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bornase",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"pluperfect",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "bornaserăm",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"pluperfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bornaserăți",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"pluperfect",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "bornaseră",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"pluperfect",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "să bornez",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "să bornezi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "să borneze",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "să bornăm",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "să bornați",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "să borneze",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "bornează",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bornați",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "nu borna",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"negative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "nu bornați",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"negative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bornează",
"2": "bornat"
},
"expansion": "a borna (third-person singular present bornează, past participle bornat) 1st conj.",
"name": "ro-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "ro-conj-a-ez"
}
],
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Romanian entries with incorrect language header",
"Romanian lemmas",
"Romanian terms borrowed from French",
"Romanian terms derived from French",
"Romanian verbs",
"Romanian verbs in 1st conjugation"
],
"glosses": [
"to put milestones or bollards"
],
"links": [
[
"milestone",
"milestone"
],
[
"bollard",
"bollard"
]
],
"tags": [
"conjugation-1"
]
}
],
"word": "borna"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-slv",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*borna",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *borna",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-slv",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*borna"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *borna",
"name": "inh+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *borna.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "borna f",
"name": "zlw-slv-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"bor‧na"
],
"lang": "Slovincian",
"lang_code": "zlw-slv",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Slovincian entries with incorrect language header",
"Slovincian feminine nouns",
"Slovincian lemmas",
"Slovincian nouns",
"Slovincian terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Slovincian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Slovincian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"zlw-slv:Tools"
],
"glosses": [
"harrow"
],
"links": [
[
"harrow",
"harrow"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈbɔrna/"
}
],
"word": "borna"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "noun form"
},
"expansion": "borna",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Swedish entries with incorrect language header",
"Swedish non-lemma forms",
"Swedish noun forms"
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "bo"
}
],
"glosses": [
"definite plural of bo"
],
"links": [
[
"bo",
"bo#Swedish"
]
],
"tags": [
"definite",
"form-of",
"plural"
]
}
],
"word": "borna"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.