"-tos" meaning in All languages combined

See -tos on Wiktionary

Suffix [Latin]

Forms: -tōs [canonical]
Head templates: {{head|la|suffix form|head=-tōs}} -tōs
  1. masculine accusative plural of -tus Tags: accusative, form-of, masculine, morpheme, plural Form of: -tus
    Sense id: en--tos-la-suffix-uE1woIvg Categories (other): Latin entries with incorrect language header, Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries

Suffix [Proto-Indo-European]

Etymology: Possibly from *-t (adverbial ending) + *-os (athematic abl./gen.sg. ending). Head templates: {{head|ine-pro|suffix|cat2=adverb-forming suffixes}} *-tos
  1. Creates adverbs with ablative meaning: "from ...". Wikipedia link: Lexikon der indogermanischen Partikeln und Pronominalstämme, de:Brian D. Joseph Tags: morpheme, reconstruction

Adjective [Proto-Italic]

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *-tós (suffix creating verbal adjectives). Etymology templates: {{etymon|itc-pro|inh|ine-pro>*-tós>verbal adjectives|id=verbal adjectives}}, {{inh|itc-pro|ine-pro|*-tós|pos=suffix creating verbal adjectives}} Proto-Indo-European *-tós (suffix creating verbal adjectives) Head templates: {{head|itc-pro|suffix}} *-tos Inflection templates: {{itc-decl-adj-o+a|-t}}, {{itc-decl-adj-table|abl_pl_f=*-tais|abl_pl_m=*-tois|abl_pl_n=*-tois|abl_sg_f=*-tād|abl_sg_m=*-tōd|abl_sg_n=*-tōd|acc_pl_f=*-tans|acc_pl_m=*-tons|acc_pl_n=*-tā|acc_sg_f=*-tam|acc_sg_m=*-tom|acc_sg_n=*-tom|dat_pl_f=*-tais|dat_pl_m=*-tois|dat_pl_n=*-tois|dat_sg_f=*-tāi|dat_sg_m=*-tōi|dat_sg_n=*-tōi|gen_pl_f=*-tāzōm|gen_pl_m=*-tom|gen_pl_n=*-tom|gen_sg_f=*-tās|gen_sg_m=*-tosjo, -tī|gen_sg_n=*-tosjo, -tī|loc_pl_f=*-tais|loc_pl_m=*-tois|loc_pl_n=*-tois|loc_sg_f=*-tāi|loc_sg_m=*-tei|loc_sg_n=*-tei|nom_pl_f=*-tās|nom_pl_m=*-tōs, -toi|nom_pl_n=*-tā|nom_sg_f=*-tā|nom_sg_m=*-tos|nom_sg_n=*-tom|type=o/ā-stem|voc_pl_f=*-tās|voc_pl_m=*-tōs, -toi|voc_pl_n=*-tā|voc_sg_f=*-ta|voc_sg_m=*-te|voc_sg_n=*-tom}} Forms: no-table-tags [table-tags], -tos [masculine, nominative, singular], -tā [feminine, nominative, singular], -tom [neuter, nominative, singular], -te [masculine, singular, vocative], -ta [feminine, singular, vocative], -tom [neuter, singular, vocative], -tom [accusative, masculine, singular], -tam [accusative, feminine, singular], -tom [accusative, neuter, singular], -tosjo [genitive, masculine, singular], -tī [genitive, masculine, singular], -tās [feminine, genitive, singular], -tosjo [genitive, neuter, singular], -tī [genitive, neuter, singular], -tōi [dative, masculine, singular], -tāi [dative, feminine, singular], -tōi [dative, neuter, singular], -tōd [ablative, masculine, singular], -tād [ablative, feminine, singular], -tōd [ablative, neuter, singular], -tei [locative, masculine, singular], -tāi [feminine, locative, singular], -tei [locative, neuter, singular], -tōs [masculine, nominative, plural], -toi [masculine, nominative, plural], -tās [feminine, nominative, plural], -tā [neuter, nominative, plural], -tōs [masculine, plural, vocative], -toi [masculine, plural, vocative], -tās [feminine, plural, vocative], -tā [neuter, plural, vocative], -tons [accusative, masculine, plural], -tans [accusative, feminine, plural], -tā [accusative, neuter, plural], -tom [genitive, masculine, plural], -tāzōm [feminine, genitive, plural], -tom [genitive, neuter, plural], -tois [dative, masculine, plural], -tais [dative, feminine, plural], -tois [dative, neuter, plural], -tois [ablative, masculine, plural], -tais [ablative, feminine, plural], -tois [ablative, neuter, plural], -tois [locative, masculine, plural], -tais [feminine, locative, plural], -tois [locative, neuter, plural], *-sos [alternative]
  1. Creates verbal adjectives from verb stems. Tags: reconstruction
    Sense id: en--tos-itc-pro-adj-j87oxZia Categories (other): Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries, Proto-Italic entries with incorrect language header
{
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "-tōs",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "suffix form",
        "head": "-tōs"
      },
      "expansion": "-tōs",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Latin",
  "lang_code": "la",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "form_of": [
        {
          "word": "-tus"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "masculine accusative plural of -tus"
      ],
      "id": "en--tos-la-suffix-uE1woIvg",
      "links": [
        [
          "-tus",
          "-tus#Latin"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "form-of",
        "masculine",
        "morpheme",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "-tos"
}

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "xfa",
            "2": "-𐌕𐌏𐌔"
          },
          "expansion": "Faliscan: -𐌕𐌏𐌔 (-tos)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Faliscan: -𐌕𐌏𐌔 (-tos)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "la",
            "2": "-tus"
          },
          "expansion": "Latin: -tus",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "almost all perfect past participles (except e.g. mortuus and derivates (dēmortuus, ēmortuus etc.))"
          },
          "expansion": "(almost all perfect past participles (except e.g. mortuus and derivates (dēmortuus, ēmortuus etc.)))",
          "name": "q"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Latin: -tus, -sus (almost all perfect past participles (except e.g. mortuus and derivates (dēmortuus, ēmortuus etc.)))"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "itc-pro",
        "2": "inh",
        "3": "ine-pro>*-tós>verbal adjectives",
        "id": "verbal adjectives"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "etymon"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "itc-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*-tós",
        "pos": "suffix creating verbal adjectives"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-tós (suffix creating verbal adjectives)",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *-tós (suffix creating verbal adjectives).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "itc-decl-adj-o+a",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-tos",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-tā",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-tom",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-te",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ta",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-tom",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-tom",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-tam",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-tom",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-tosjo",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-tī",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-tās",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-tosjo",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-tī",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-tōi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-tāi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-tōi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-tōd",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-tād",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-tōd",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-tei",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-tāi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-tei",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-tōs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-toi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-tās",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-tā",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-tōs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-toi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-tās",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-tā",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-tons",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-tans",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-tā",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-tom",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-tāzōm",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-tom",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-tois",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-tais",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-tois",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-tois",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-tais",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "feminine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-tois",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-tois",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-tais",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-tois",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "*-sos",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "itc-pro",
        "2": "suffix"
      },
      "expansion": "*-tos",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "-t"
      },
      "name": "itc-decl-adj-o+a"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "abl_pl_f": "*-tais",
        "abl_pl_m": "*-tois",
        "abl_pl_n": "*-tois",
        "abl_sg_f": "*-tād",
        "abl_sg_m": "*-tōd",
        "abl_sg_n": "*-tōd",
        "acc_pl_f": "*-tans",
        "acc_pl_m": "*-tons",
        "acc_pl_n": "*-tā",
        "acc_sg_f": "*-tam",
        "acc_sg_m": "*-tom",
        "acc_sg_n": "*-tom",
        "dat_pl_f": "*-tais",
        "dat_pl_m": "*-tois",
        "dat_pl_n": "*-tois",
        "dat_sg_f": "*-tāi",
        "dat_sg_m": "*-tōi",
        "dat_sg_n": "*-tōi",
        "gen_pl_f": "*-tāzōm",
        "gen_pl_m": "*-tom",
        "gen_pl_n": "*-tom",
        "gen_sg_f": "*-tās",
        "gen_sg_m": "*-tosjo, -tī",
        "gen_sg_n": "*-tosjo, -tī",
        "loc_pl_f": "*-tais",
        "loc_pl_m": "*-tois",
        "loc_pl_n": "*-tois",
        "loc_sg_f": "*-tāi",
        "loc_sg_m": "*-tei",
        "loc_sg_n": "*-tei",
        "nom_pl_f": "*-tās",
        "nom_pl_m": "*-tōs, -toi",
        "nom_pl_n": "*-tā",
        "nom_sg_f": "*-tā",
        "nom_sg_m": "*-tos",
        "nom_sg_n": "*-tom",
        "type": "o/ā-stem",
        "voc_pl_f": "*-tās",
        "voc_pl_m": "*-tōs, -toi",
        "voc_pl_n": "*-tā",
        "voc_sg_f": "*-ta",
        "voc_sg_m": "*-te",
        "voc_sg_n": "*-tom"
      },
      "name": "itc-decl-adj-table"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Italic",
  "lang_code": "itc-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/-tos",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Italic entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Creates verbal adjectives from verb stems."
      ],
      "id": "en--tos-itc-pro-adj-j87oxZia",
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "-tos"
}

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "grk-pro",
            "2": "*-tós"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *-tós",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Hellenic: *-tós"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "grc",
            "2": "-τός"
          },
          "expansion": "Ancient Greek: -τός (-tós)",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "as in ἐντός (entós)"
          },
          "expansion": "(as in ἐντός (entós))",
          "name": "q"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Ancient Greek: -τός (-tós) (as in ἐντός (entós))"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "iir-pro",
            "2": "*-tas"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *-tas",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *-tas"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "inc-pro",
            "2": "*-tas"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *-tas",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *-tas"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sa",
            "2": "-तस्"
          },
          "expansion": "Sanskrit: -तस् (-tas)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Sanskrit: -तस् (-tas)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ira-pro",
            "2": "*-tah"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *-tah",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Iranian: *-tah"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ae-yng",
            "2": "-𐬙𐬋"
          },
          "expansion": "Younger Avestan: -𐬙𐬋 (-tō)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Younger Avestan: -𐬙𐬋 (-tō)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "peo",
            "2": "-𐎫",
            "ts": "-ta"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Persian: -𐎫 (-t /⁠-ta⁠/)",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "as in 𐎱𐎽𐎻𐎹𐎫 (p-ru-vi-y-t /⁠paruviyata⁠/, “from long ago”)"
          },
          "expansion": "(as in 𐎱𐎽𐎻𐎹𐎫 (p-ru-vi-y-t /⁠paruviyata⁠/, “from long ago”))",
          "name": "q"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Persian: -𐎫 (-t /⁠-ta⁠/) (as in 𐎱𐎽𐎻𐎹𐎫 (p-ru-vi-y-t /⁠paruviyata⁠/, “from long ago”))"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "itc-pro",
            "2": "*-tos"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Italic: *-tos",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Italic: *-tos"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "la",
            "2": "-tus",
            "id": "adverb"
          },
          "expansion": "Latin: -tus",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Latin: -tus"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Possibly from *-t (adverbial ending) + *-os (athematic abl./gen.sg. ending).",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "suffix",
        "cat2": "adverb-forming suffixes"
      },
      "expansion": "*-tos",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
  "lang_code": "ine-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-tos",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Entries with collapsible category trees for nonexistent categories",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages using catfix",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Creates adverbs with ablative meaning: \"from ...\"."
      ],
      "id": "en--tos-ine-pro-suffix-p6dv8AcJ",
      "links": [
        [
          "ablative",
          "ablative#English"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme",
        "reconstruction"
      ],
      "wikipedia": [
        "Lexikon der indogermanischen Partikeln und Pronominalstämme",
        "de:Brian D. Joseph"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "-tos"
}
{
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "-tōs",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "suffix form",
        "head": "-tōs"
      },
      "expansion": "-tōs",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Latin",
  "lang_code": "la",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
        "Latin non-lemma forms",
        "Latin suffix forms",
        "Pages with 1 entry",
        "Pages with entries"
      ],
      "form_of": [
        {
          "word": "-tus"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "masculine accusative plural of -tus"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "-tus",
          "-tus#Latin"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "form-of",
        "masculine",
        "morpheme",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "-tos"
}

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "grk-pro",
            "2": "*-tós"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *-tós",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Hellenic: *-tós"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "grc",
            "2": "-τός"
          },
          "expansion": "Ancient Greek: -τός (-tós)",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "as in ἐντός (entós)"
          },
          "expansion": "(as in ἐντός (entós))",
          "name": "q"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Ancient Greek: -τός (-tós) (as in ἐντός (entós))"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "iir-pro",
            "2": "*-tas"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *-tas",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *-tas"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "inc-pro",
            "2": "*-tas"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *-tas",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *-tas"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sa",
            "2": "-तस्"
          },
          "expansion": "Sanskrit: -तस् (-tas)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Sanskrit: -तस् (-tas)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ira-pro",
            "2": "*-tah"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *-tah",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Iranian: *-tah"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ae-yng",
            "2": "-𐬙𐬋"
          },
          "expansion": "Younger Avestan: -𐬙𐬋 (-tō)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Younger Avestan: -𐬙𐬋 (-tō)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "peo",
            "2": "-𐎫",
            "ts": "-ta"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Persian: -𐎫 (-t /⁠-ta⁠/)",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "as in 𐎱𐎽𐎻𐎹𐎫 (p-ru-vi-y-t /⁠paruviyata⁠/, “from long ago”)"
          },
          "expansion": "(as in 𐎱𐎽𐎻𐎹𐎫 (p-ru-vi-y-t /⁠paruviyata⁠/, “from long ago”))",
          "name": "q"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Persian: -𐎫 (-t /⁠-ta⁠/) (as in 𐎱𐎽𐎻𐎹𐎫 (p-ru-vi-y-t /⁠paruviyata⁠/, “from long ago”))"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "itc-pro",
            "2": "*-tos"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Italic: *-tos",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Italic: *-tos"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "la",
            "2": "-tus",
            "id": "adverb"
          },
          "expansion": "Latin: -tus",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Latin: -tus"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Possibly from *-t (adverbial ending) + *-os (athematic abl./gen.sg. ending).",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "suffix",
        "cat2": "adverb-forming suffixes"
      },
      "expansion": "*-tos",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
  "lang_code": "ine-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-tos",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Entries with collapsible category trees for nonexistent categories",
        "Pages using catfix",
        "Pages with 1 entry",
        "Pages with entries",
        "Proto-Indo-European adverb-forming suffixes",
        "Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
        "Proto-Indo-European lemmas",
        "Proto-Indo-European suffixes"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Creates adverbs with ablative meaning: \"from ...\"."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "ablative",
          "ablative#English"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme",
        "reconstruction"
      ],
      "wikipedia": [
        "Lexikon der indogermanischen Partikeln und Pronominalstämme",
        "de:Brian D. Joseph"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "-tos"
}

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "xfa",
            "2": "-𐌕𐌏𐌔"
          },
          "expansion": "Faliscan: -𐌕𐌏𐌔 (-tos)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Faliscan: -𐌕𐌏𐌔 (-tos)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "la",
            "2": "-tus"
          },
          "expansion": "Latin: -tus",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "almost all perfect past participles (except e.g. mortuus and derivates (dēmortuus, ēmortuus etc.))"
          },
          "expansion": "(almost all perfect past participles (except e.g. mortuus and derivates (dēmortuus, ēmortuus etc.)))",
          "name": "q"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Latin: -tus, -sus (almost all perfect past participles (except e.g. mortuus and derivates (dēmortuus, ēmortuus etc.)))"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "itc-pro",
        "2": "inh",
        "3": "ine-pro>*-tós>verbal adjectives",
        "id": "verbal adjectives"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "etymon"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "itc-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*-tós",
        "pos": "suffix creating verbal adjectives"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-tós (suffix creating verbal adjectives)",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *-tós (suffix creating verbal adjectives).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "itc-decl-adj-o+a",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-tos",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-tā",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-tom",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-te",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ta",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-tom",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-tom",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-tam",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-tom",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-tosjo",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-tī",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-tās",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-tosjo",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-tī",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-tōi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-tāi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-tōi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-tōd",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-tād",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-tōd",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-tei",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-tāi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-tei",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-tōs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-toi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-tās",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-tā",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-tōs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-toi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-tās",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-tā",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-tons",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-tans",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-tā",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-tom",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-tāzōm",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-tom",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-tois",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-tais",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-tois",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-tois",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-tais",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "feminine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-tois",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-tois",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-tais",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-tois",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "*-sos",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "itc-pro",
        "2": "suffix"
      },
      "expansion": "*-tos",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "-t"
      },
      "name": "itc-decl-adj-o+a"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "abl_pl_f": "*-tais",
        "abl_pl_m": "*-tois",
        "abl_pl_n": "*-tois",
        "abl_sg_f": "*-tād",
        "abl_sg_m": "*-tōd",
        "abl_sg_n": "*-tōd",
        "acc_pl_f": "*-tans",
        "acc_pl_m": "*-tons",
        "acc_pl_n": "*-tā",
        "acc_sg_f": "*-tam",
        "acc_sg_m": "*-tom",
        "acc_sg_n": "*-tom",
        "dat_pl_f": "*-tais",
        "dat_pl_m": "*-tois",
        "dat_pl_n": "*-tois",
        "dat_sg_f": "*-tāi",
        "dat_sg_m": "*-tōi",
        "dat_sg_n": "*-tōi",
        "gen_pl_f": "*-tāzōm",
        "gen_pl_m": "*-tom",
        "gen_pl_n": "*-tom",
        "gen_sg_f": "*-tās",
        "gen_sg_m": "*-tosjo, -tī",
        "gen_sg_n": "*-tosjo, -tī",
        "loc_pl_f": "*-tais",
        "loc_pl_m": "*-tois",
        "loc_pl_n": "*-tois",
        "loc_sg_f": "*-tāi",
        "loc_sg_m": "*-tei",
        "loc_sg_n": "*-tei",
        "nom_pl_f": "*-tās",
        "nom_pl_m": "*-tōs, -toi",
        "nom_pl_n": "*-tā",
        "nom_sg_f": "*-tā",
        "nom_sg_m": "*-tos",
        "nom_sg_n": "*-tom",
        "type": "o/ā-stem",
        "voc_pl_f": "*-tās",
        "voc_pl_m": "*-tōs, -toi",
        "voc_pl_n": "*-tā",
        "voc_sg_f": "*-ta",
        "voc_sg_m": "*-te",
        "voc_sg_n": "*-tom"
      },
      "name": "itc-decl-adj-table"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Italic",
  "lang_code": "itc-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/-tos",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Pages with 1 entry",
        "Pages with entries",
        "Proto-Italic entries with incorrect language header",
        "Proto-Italic lemmas",
        "Proto-Italic o/ā-stem adjectives",
        "Proto-Italic suffixes",
        "Proto-Italic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
        "Proto-Italic terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Creates verbal adjectives from verb stems."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "-tos"
}

Download raw JSONL data for -tos meaning in All languages combined (10.6kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-04-08 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-04-03 using wiktextract (51d164f and fb63907). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.