See -tos in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xfa",
"2": "-𐌕𐌏𐌔"
},
"expansion": "Faliscan: -𐌕𐌏𐌔 (-tos)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Faliscan: -𐌕𐌏𐌔 (-tos)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "-tus"
},
"expansion": "Latin: -tus",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "almost all perfect past participles (except e.g. mortuus and derivates (dēmortuus, ēmortuus etc.))"
},
"expansion": "(almost all perfect past participles (except e.g. mortuus and derivates (dēmortuus, ēmortuus etc.)))",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Latin: -tus, -sus (almost all perfect past participles (except e.g. mortuus and derivates (dēmortuus, ēmortuus etc.)))"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "inh",
"3": "ine-pro>*-tós>verbal adjectives",
"id": "verbal adjectives"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*-tós",
"pos": "suffix creating verbal adjectives"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-tós (suffix creating verbal adjectives)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *-tós (suffix creating verbal adjectives).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "itc-decl-adj-o+a",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-tos",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-tā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-tom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-te",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-tom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-tom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-tam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-tom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-tosjo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-tī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-tās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-tosjo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-tī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-tōi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-tāi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-tōi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-tōd",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-tād",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-tōd",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-tei",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-tāi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-tei",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-tōs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-toi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-tās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-tā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-tōs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-toi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-tās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-tā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-tons",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-tans",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-tā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-tom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-tāzōm",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-tom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-tois",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-tais",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-tois",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-tois",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-tais",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-tois",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-tois",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-tais",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-tois",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "*-sos",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "*-tos",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-t"
},
"name": "itc-decl-adj-o+a"
},
{
"args": {
"abl_pl_f": "*-tais",
"abl_pl_m": "*-tois",
"abl_pl_n": "*-tois",
"abl_sg_f": "*-tād",
"abl_sg_m": "*-tōd",
"abl_sg_n": "*-tōd",
"acc_pl_f": "*-tans",
"acc_pl_m": "*-tons",
"acc_pl_n": "*-tā",
"acc_sg_f": "*-tam",
"acc_sg_m": "*-tom",
"acc_sg_n": "*-tom",
"dat_pl_f": "*-tais",
"dat_pl_m": "*-tois",
"dat_pl_n": "*-tois",
"dat_sg_f": "*-tāi",
"dat_sg_m": "*-tōi",
"dat_sg_n": "*-tōi",
"gen_pl_f": "*-tāzōm",
"gen_pl_m": "*-tom",
"gen_pl_n": "*-tom",
"gen_sg_f": "*-tās",
"gen_sg_m": "*-tosjo, -tī",
"gen_sg_n": "*-tosjo, -tī",
"loc_pl_f": "*-tais",
"loc_pl_m": "*-tois",
"loc_pl_n": "*-tois",
"loc_sg_f": "*-tāi",
"loc_sg_m": "*-tei",
"loc_sg_n": "*-tei",
"nom_pl_f": "*-tās",
"nom_pl_m": "*-tōs, -toi",
"nom_pl_n": "*-tā",
"nom_sg_f": "*-tā",
"nom_sg_m": "*-tos",
"nom_sg_n": "*-tom",
"type": "o/ā-stem",
"voc_pl_f": "*-tās",
"voc_pl_m": "*-tōs, -toi",
"voc_pl_n": "*-tā",
"voc_sg_f": "*-ta",
"voc_sg_m": "*-te",
"voc_sg_n": "*-tom"
},
"name": "itc-decl-adj-table"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Italic",
"lang_code": "itc-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/-tos",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Italic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Creates verbal adjectives from verb stems."
],
"id": "en--tos-itc-pro-adj-j87oxZia",
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "-tos"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xfa",
"2": "-𐌕𐌏𐌔"
},
"expansion": "Faliscan: -𐌕𐌏𐌔 (-tos)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Faliscan: -𐌕𐌏𐌔 (-tos)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "-tus"
},
"expansion": "Latin: -tus",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "almost all perfect past participles (except e.g. mortuus and derivates (dēmortuus, ēmortuus etc.))"
},
"expansion": "(almost all perfect past participles (except e.g. mortuus and derivates (dēmortuus, ēmortuus etc.)))",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Latin: -tus, -sus (almost all perfect past participles (except e.g. mortuus and derivates (dēmortuus, ēmortuus etc.)))"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "inh",
"3": "ine-pro>*-tós>verbal adjectives",
"id": "verbal adjectives"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*-tós",
"pos": "suffix creating verbal adjectives"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-tós (suffix creating verbal adjectives)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *-tós (suffix creating verbal adjectives).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "itc-decl-adj-o+a",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-tos",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-tā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-tom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-te",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-tom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-tom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-tam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-tom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-tosjo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-tī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-tās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-tosjo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-tī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-tōi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-tāi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-tōi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-tōd",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-tād",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-tōd",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-tei",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-tāi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-tei",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-tōs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-toi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-tās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-tā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-tōs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-toi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-tās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-tā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-tons",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-tans",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-tā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-tom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-tāzōm",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-tom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-tois",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-tais",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-tois",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-tois",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-tais",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-tois",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-tois",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-tais",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-tois",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "*-sos",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "*-tos",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-t"
},
"name": "itc-decl-adj-o+a"
},
{
"args": {
"abl_pl_f": "*-tais",
"abl_pl_m": "*-tois",
"abl_pl_n": "*-tois",
"abl_sg_f": "*-tād",
"abl_sg_m": "*-tōd",
"abl_sg_n": "*-tōd",
"acc_pl_f": "*-tans",
"acc_pl_m": "*-tons",
"acc_pl_n": "*-tā",
"acc_sg_f": "*-tam",
"acc_sg_m": "*-tom",
"acc_sg_n": "*-tom",
"dat_pl_f": "*-tais",
"dat_pl_m": "*-tois",
"dat_pl_n": "*-tois",
"dat_sg_f": "*-tāi",
"dat_sg_m": "*-tōi",
"dat_sg_n": "*-tōi",
"gen_pl_f": "*-tāzōm",
"gen_pl_m": "*-tom",
"gen_pl_n": "*-tom",
"gen_sg_f": "*-tās",
"gen_sg_m": "*-tosjo, -tī",
"gen_sg_n": "*-tosjo, -tī",
"loc_pl_f": "*-tais",
"loc_pl_m": "*-tois",
"loc_pl_n": "*-tois",
"loc_sg_f": "*-tāi",
"loc_sg_m": "*-tei",
"loc_sg_n": "*-tei",
"nom_pl_f": "*-tās",
"nom_pl_m": "*-tōs, -toi",
"nom_pl_n": "*-tā",
"nom_sg_f": "*-tā",
"nom_sg_m": "*-tos",
"nom_sg_n": "*-tom",
"type": "o/ā-stem",
"voc_pl_f": "*-tās",
"voc_pl_m": "*-tōs, -toi",
"voc_pl_n": "*-tā",
"voc_sg_f": "*-ta",
"voc_sg_m": "*-te",
"voc_sg_n": "*-tom"
},
"name": "itc-decl-adj-table"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Italic",
"lang_code": "itc-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/-tos",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Italic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Italic lemmas",
"Proto-Italic o/ā-stem adjectives",
"Proto-Italic suffixes",
"Proto-Italic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Italic terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European"
],
"glosses": [
"Creates verbal adjectives from verb stems."
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "-tos"
}
Download raw JSONL data for -tos meaning in Proto-Italic (7.0kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Italic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-03-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-03-02 using wiktextract (db0bec0 and 633533e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.