See -cha on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_text": "From an unstressed you (/jə/) after a word ending in /t/; the unstressed sequence /tj/ coalesces into /tʃ/ ⟨ch⟩ in many accents.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "pronoun",
"3": "clitic",
"cat2": "clitics"
},
"expansion": "-cha (clitic)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "pron",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "you",
"word": "ya"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English clitics",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English pronouns",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 5 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2019 December 10, Yacht Club Games, \"Story\" (Reize), in Shovel Knight Showdown (version 4.1), Nintendo Switch",
"text": "Baz: 'BAD NEWS, BUD. I NEVER WANTED TO FIGHTCHA, BUT IF WE WANT OUT, WE GOTTA SCRAP! YOU 'N ME, MANO A MANO.'",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of ya (“you”)"
],
"id": "en--cha-en-pron-KnKWIx9E",
"links": [
[
"ya",
"ya#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(informal, used only after a /t/ sound) Alternative form of ya (“you”)"
],
"raw_tags": [
"used only after a /t/ sound"
],
"related": [
{
"word": "-ja"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "-choo"
},
{
"word": "-chu"
}
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"clitic",
"informal"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/tʃ(j)ə/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tʃ(j)æ/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
}
],
"word": "-cha"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*-xa",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *-xa",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*-xa"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-xa",
"name": "inh+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-xa.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-f",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-cha",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-chy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-chy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ch",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-sze",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-chom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-chę",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-chy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-chą",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-chami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-sze",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-chach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-cho",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-chy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-m-pr",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-cha",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-chy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-chy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-chów",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ch",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-sze",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-chom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-chę",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-chów",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ch",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-chą",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-chami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-sze",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-chach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-cho",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-chy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-m-pr",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-cha",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-chowie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-chy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-chów",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-sze",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-chom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-chę",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-chów",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-chą",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-chami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-sze",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-chach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-cho",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-chowie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-cha",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"[please"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-f"
},
{
"args": {
"genp": "-chów / -ch",
"nomp": "-chy"
},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-m-pr"
},
{
"args": {
"nomp": "-chowie"
},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-m-pr"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "suffix",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "55 45",
"word": "-ch"
},
{
"_dis1": "55 45",
"word": "-och"
},
{
"_dis1": "55 45",
"word": "-uch"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "28 31 24 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 22 23 5 17 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 5 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 22 24 3 18 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "49 51",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "gospodyni + -cha → gospocha",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "gorzałka + -cha → gocha",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "kiszka + -cha → kicha",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "kleryk + -cha → klecha",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "kmotra + -cha → kmocha",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "kreska + -cha → krecha",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "łyżka + -cha → łycha",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "misa + -cha → micha",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "pietruszka + -cha → pietrucha",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "plesz + -cha → plecha",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "wiązka + -cha → wiącha",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "wioska + -cha → wiocha",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "zagryzka + -cha → zagrycha",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"attached to truncated stems of common nouns to form feminine or masculine nouns, often augmentative or derogatory"
],
"id": "en--cha-pl-suffix-0hurgRmM",
"links": [
[
"truncated",
"truncated#English"
],
[
"stem",
"stem#English"
],
[
"common noun",
"common noun#English"
],
[
"augmentative",
"augmentative#English"
],
[
"derogatory",
"derogatory#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "28 31 24 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 22 23 5 17 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 5 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 22 24 3 18 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "44 56",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with Template:pl-pr without syllabification",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "49 51",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "41 59",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with manual fragments",
"parents": [
"Links with manual fragments",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "41 59",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "42 58",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Krystyna + -cha → Krzycha",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Zofia + -cha → Zocha",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"attached to truncated stems of given names to form nicknames"
],
"id": "en--cha-pl-suffix-LqgQp-3H",
"links": [
[
"given name",
"given name#English"
],
[
"nickname",
"nickname#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/xa/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-a"
}
],
"word": "-cha"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "qu",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-cha",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Quechua",
"lang_code": "qu",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Quechua links with redundant target parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant target parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "21 22 23 5 17 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 5 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 22 24 3 18 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "68 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Quechua entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "apu (“chief”) → apuchay (“to turn into a chief ⇒ to honor”)"
},
{
"text": "pampa (“flat, plains”) → pampachay (“to turn into a plain ⇒ to level, to demolish, to forgive”)"
},
{
"text": "wasi (“house”) → wasichay (“to build a house”)"
},
{
"text": "qura (“grass”) → qurachay (“to remove grass ⇒ to weed”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Factive suffix. Verbalizes nouns (N→V). Expresses that the head noun is being made, built, shaped, turned into, added or removed from something else."
],
"id": "en--cha-qu-suffix-iNpsODHc",
"links": [
[
"Factive",
"factive#English"
],
[
"Verbalizes",
"verbalize#English"
],
[
"noun",
"noun#English"
],
[
"made",
"make#English"
],
[
"built",
"build#English"
],
[
"shaped",
"shape#English"
],
[
"turned into",
"turn into#English"
],
[
"added",
"add#English"
],
[
"removed",
"remove#English"
]
],
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "71 29",
"word": "-chá"
},
{
"_dis1": "71 29",
"word": "-chi"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Quechua links with redundant target parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant target parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "allqu (“dog”) → allqucha (“puppy”)"
},
{
"text": "allqu (“dog”) → allqchay (“my (dear) dog”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Diminutive suffix (N→N). Used to indicate a smaller size or to convey affection."
],
"id": "en--cha-qu-suffix-KPB~quuO",
"links": [
[
"Diminutive",
"diminutive#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/t͡ʃa/"
}
],
"word": "-cha"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uz",
"2": "trk-pro",
"3": "*-če",
"pos": "orientative–prolative suffix"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Turkic *-če (orientative–prolative suffix)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "az",
"2": "-cə"
},
"expansion": "Azerbaijani -cə",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kk",
"2": "-ше"
},
"expansion": "Kazakh -ше (-şe)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "-ce"
},
"expansion": "Turkish -ce",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Turkic *-če (orientative–prolative suffix). Cognate with Azerbaijani -cə, Kazakh -ше (-şe), Turkish -ce.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uz",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-cha",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Uzbek",
"lang_code": "uz",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "28 31 24 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 22 23 5 17 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 5 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 22 24 3 18 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "60 40",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Uzbek entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "oʻzbek (“Uzbek”) + -cha → oʻzbekcha (“Uzbek-style”)"
},
{
"text": "Ozarbayjon (“Azerbaijan”) + -cha → ozarbayjoncha (“Azerbaijani-style”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"suffix to form adverbs when added to names of ethnic groups or countries"
],
"id": "en--cha-uz-suffix--5ZlyiPg",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "28 31 24 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 22 23 5 17 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 5 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 22 24 3 18 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "oʻzbek (“Uzbek”) + -cha → oʻzbekcha (“Uzbek language”)"
},
{
"text": "Ozarbayjon (“Azerbaijan”) + -cha → ozarbayjoncha (“Azerbaijani language”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"names the languages of these groups or countries"
],
"id": "en--cha-uz-suffix-423TSO55",
"raw_glosses": [
"(nominalized adverbs) names the languages of these groups or countries"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "... tili"
}
],
"tags": [
"adverb",
"morpheme",
"noun-from-verb"
]
}
],
"word": "-cha"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mch",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-cha",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Ye'kwana",
"lang_code": "mch",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 5 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ye'kwana entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"allomorph of -ta used for stems that end in i"
],
"id": "en--cha-mch-suffix-jvzdmt7u",
"links": [
[
"-ta",
"-ta#Ye'kwana"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Ethnos360"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[-t͡ʃa]"
}
],
"word": "-cha"
}
{
"etymology_text": "From an unstressed you (/jə/) after a word ending in /t/; the unstressed sequence /tj/ coalesces into /tʃ/ ⟨ch⟩ in many accents.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "pronoun",
"3": "clitic",
"cat2": "clitics"
},
"expansion": "-cha (clitic)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "pron",
"related": [
{
"word": "-ja"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "you",
"word": "ya"
}
],
"categories": [
"English clitics",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English informal terms",
"English lemmas",
"English pronouns",
"English terms with quotations",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2019 December 10, Yacht Club Games, \"Story\" (Reize), in Shovel Knight Showdown (version 4.1), Nintendo Switch",
"text": "Baz: 'BAD NEWS, BUD. I NEVER WANTED TO FIGHTCHA, BUT IF WE WANT OUT, WE GOTTA SCRAP! YOU 'N ME, MANO A MANO.'",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of ya (“you”)"
],
"links": [
[
"ya",
"ya#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(informal, used only after a /t/ sound) Alternative form of ya (“you”)"
],
"raw_tags": [
"used only after a /t/ sound"
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"clitic",
"informal"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/tʃ(j)ə/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tʃ(j)æ/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "-choo"
},
{
"word": "-chu"
}
],
"word": "-cha"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Polish 1-syllable words",
"Polish entries with Template:pl-pr without syllabification",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish lemmas",
"Polish links with manual fragments",
"Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"Polish suffixes",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Polish terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Rhymes:Polish/a",
"Rhymes:Polish/a/1 syllable"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*-xa",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *-xa",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*-xa"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-xa",
"name": "inh+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-xa.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-f",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-cha",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-chy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-chy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ch",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-sze",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-chom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-chę",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-chy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-chą",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-chami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-sze",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-chach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-cho",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-chy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-m-pr",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-cha",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-chy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-chy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-chów",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ch",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-sze",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-chom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-chę",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-chów",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ch",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-chą",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-chami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-sze",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-chach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-cho",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-chy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-m-pr",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-cha",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-chowie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-chy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-chów",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-sze",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-chom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-chę",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-chów",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-chą",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-chami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-sze",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-chach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-cho",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-chowie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-cha",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"[please"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-f"
},
{
"args": {
"genp": "-chów / -ch",
"nomp": "-chy"
},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-m-pr"
},
{
"args": {
"nomp": "-chowie"
},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-m-pr"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "suffix",
"related": [
{
"word": "-ch"
},
{
"word": "-och"
},
{
"word": "-uch"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "gospodyni + -cha → gospocha",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "gorzałka + -cha → gocha",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "kiszka + -cha → kicha",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "kleryk + -cha → klecha",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "kmotra + -cha → kmocha",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "kreska + -cha → krecha",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "łyżka + -cha → łycha",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "misa + -cha → micha",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "pietruszka + -cha → pietrucha",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "plesz + -cha → plecha",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "wiązka + -cha → wiącha",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "wioska + -cha → wiocha",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "zagryzka + -cha → zagrycha",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"attached to truncated stems of common nouns to form feminine or masculine nouns, often augmentative or derogatory"
],
"links": [
[
"truncated",
"truncated#English"
],
[
"stem",
"stem#English"
],
[
"common noun",
"common noun#English"
],
[
"augmentative",
"augmentative#English"
],
[
"derogatory",
"derogatory#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "Krystyna + -cha → Krzycha",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Zofia + -cha → Zocha",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"attached to truncated stems of given names to form nicknames"
],
"links": [
[
"given name",
"given name#English"
],
[
"nickname",
"nickname#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/xa/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-a"
}
],
"word": "-cha"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Quechua entries with incorrect language header",
"Quechua lemmas",
"Quechua suffixes"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "qu",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-cha",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Quechua",
"lang_code": "qu",
"pos": "suffix",
"related": [
{
"word": "-chá"
},
{
"word": "-chi"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Quechua links with redundant target parameters"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "apu (“chief”) → apuchay (“to turn into a chief ⇒ to honor”)"
},
{
"text": "pampa (“flat, plains”) → pampachay (“to turn into a plain ⇒ to level, to demolish, to forgive”)"
},
{
"text": "wasi (“house”) → wasichay (“to build a house”)"
},
{
"text": "qura (“grass”) → qurachay (“to remove grass ⇒ to weed”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Factive suffix. Verbalizes nouns (N→V). Expresses that the head noun is being made, built, shaped, turned into, added or removed from something else."
],
"links": [
[
"Factive",
"factive#English"
],
[
"Verbalizes",
"verbalize#English"
],
[
"noun",
"noun#English"
],
[
"made",
"make#English"
],
[
"built",
"build#English"
],
[
"shaped",
"shape#English"
],
[
"turned into",
"turn into#English"
],
[
"added",
"add#English"
],
[
"removed",
"remove#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Quechua links with redundant target parameters"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "allqu (“dog”) → allqucha (“puppy”)"
},
{
"text": "allqu (“dog”) → allqchay (“my (dear) dog”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Diminutive suffix (N→N). Used to indicate a smaller size or to convey affection."
],
"links": [
[
"Diminutive",
"diminutive#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/t͡ʃa/"
}
],
"word": "-cha"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Uzbek entries with incorrect language header",
"Uzbek lemmas",
"Uzbek suffixes",
"Uzbek terms derived from Proto-Turkic",
"Uzbek terms inherited from Proto-Turkic"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uz",
"2": "trk-pro",
"3": "*-če",
"pos": "orientative–prolative suffix"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Turkic *-če (orientative–prolative suffix)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "az",
"2": "-cə"
},
"expansion": "Azerbaijani -cə",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kk",
"2": "-ше"
},
"expansion": "Kazakh -ше (-şe)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "-ce"
},
"expansion": "Turkish -ce",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Turkic *-če (orientative–prolative suffix). Cognate with Azerbaijani -cə, Kazakh -ше (-şe), Turkish -ce.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uz",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-cha",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Uzbek",
"lang_code": "uz",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "oʻzbek (“Uzbek”) + -cha → oʻzbekcha (“Uzbek-style”)"
},
{
"text": "Ozarbayjon (“Azerbaijan”) + -cha → ozarbayjoncha (“Azerbaijani-style”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"suffix to form adverbs when added to names of ethnic groups or countries"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "oʻzbek (“Uzbek”) + -cha → oʻzbekcha (“Uzbek language”)"
},
{
"text": "Ozarbayjon (“Azerbaijan”) + -cha → ozarbayjoncha (“Azerbaijani language”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"names the languages of these groups or countries"
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(nominalized adverbs) names the languages of these groups or countries"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "... tili"
}
],
"tags": [
"adverb",
"morpheme",
"noun-from-verb"
]
}
],
"word": "-cha"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mch",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-cha",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Ye'kwana",
"lang_code": "mch",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Ye'kwana entries with incorrect language header",
"Ye'kwana lemmas",
"Ye'kwana suffixes",
"Ye'kwana terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"glosses": [
"allomorph of -ta used for stems that end in i"
],
"links": [
[
"-ta",
"-ta#Ye'kwana"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Ethnos360"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[-t͡ʃa]"
}
],
"word": "-cha"
}
Download raw JSONL data for -cha meaning in All languages combined (12.0kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-01 using wiktextract (b941637 and 4230888). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.