See -cha on Wiktionary
Download JSONL data for -cha meaning in All languages combined (12.4kB)
{
"etymology_text": "From an unstressed you (/jə/) after a word ending in /t/; the unstressed sequence /tj/ coalesces into /tʃ/ ⟨ch⟩ in many accents.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "pronoun",
"3": "clitic",
"cat2": "clitics"
},
"expansion": "-cha (clitic)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "pron",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "you",
"word": "ya"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English clitics",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "English pronouns",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2019 December 10, Yacht Club Games, \"Story\" (Reize), in Shovel Knight Showdown (version 4.1), Nintendo Switch",
"text": "Baz: 'BAD NEWS, BUD. I NEVER WANTED TO FIGHTCHA, BUT IF WE WANT OUT, WE GOTTA SCRAP! YOU 'N ME, MANO A MANO.'",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of ya (“you”)"
],
"id": "en--cha-en-pron-KnKWIx9E",
"links": [
[
"ya",
"ya#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(informal, used only after a /t/ sound) Alternative form of ya (“you”)"
],
"raw_tags": [
"used only after a /t/ sound"
],
"related": [
{
"word": "-ja"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "-choo"
},
{
"word": "-chu"
}
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"clitic",
"informal"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/tʃ(j)ə/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tʃ(j)æ/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
}
],
"word": "-cha"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*-xa",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *-xa",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*-xa"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-xa",
"name": "inh+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-xa.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-f",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-cha",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-chy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-chy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ch",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-sze",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-chom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-chę",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-chy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-chą",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-chami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-sze",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-chach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-cho",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-chy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-m-pr",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-cha",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-chy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-chy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-chów",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ch",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-sze",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-chom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-chę",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-chów",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ch",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-chą",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-chami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-sze",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-chach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-cho",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-chy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-m-pr",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-cha",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-chowie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-chy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-chów",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-sze",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-chom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-chę",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-chów",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-chą",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-chami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-sze",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-chach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-cho",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-chowie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-cha",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"cha"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-f"
},
{
"args": {
"genp": "-chów / -ch",
"nomp": "-chy"
},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-m-pr"
},
{
"args": {
"nomp": "-chowie"
},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-m-pr"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "gospodyni + -cha → gospocha",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "gorzałka + -cha → gocha",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "kiszka + -cha → kicha",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "kleryk + -cha → klecha",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "kmotra + -cha → kmocha",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "kreska + -cha → krecha",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "łyżka + -cha → łycha",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "misa + -cha → micha",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "pietruszka + -cha → pietrucha",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "plesz + -cha → plecha",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "wiązka + -cha → wiącha",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "wioska + -cha → wiocha",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "zagryzka + -cha → zagrycha",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"attached to truncated stems of common nouns to form feminine or masculine nouns, often augmentative or derogatory"
],
"id": "en--cha-pl-suffix-0hurgRmM",
"links": [
[
"truncated",
"truncated#English"
],
[
"stem",
"stem#English"
],
[
"common noun",
"common noun#English"
],
[
"augmentative",
"augmentative#English"
],
[
"derogatory",
"derogatory#English"
]
],
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "56 44",
"word": "-ch"
},
{
"_dis1": "56 44",
"word": "-och"
},
{
"_dis1": "56 44",
"word": "-uch"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "41 59",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with manual fragments",
"parents": [
"Links with manual fragments",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "43 57",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "43 57",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Krystyna + -cha → Krzycha",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Zofia + -cha → Zocha",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"attached to truncated stems of given names to form nicknames"
],
"id": "en--cha-pl-suffix-LqgQp-3H",
"links": [
[
"given name",
"given name#English"
],
[
"nickname",
"nickname#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/xa/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-a"
}
],
"word": "-cha"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "qu",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-cha",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Quechua",
"lang_code": "qu",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Quechua links with redundant target parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant target parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "56 44",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Quechua entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "apu (“chief”) → apuchay (“to honor”)"
},
{
"text": "pampa (“flat, plains”) → pampachay (“to level, to forgive”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Derivational suffix. To make or become something or someone."
],
"id": "en--cha-qu-suffix-9hDwUoRy",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "57 43",
"word": "-chá"
},
{
"_dis1": "57 43",
"word": "-chi"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Quechua links with redundant target parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant target parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "allqu (“dog”) → allqucha (“puppy”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Nominal suffix, diminutive. Used to indicate a smaller size."
],
"id": "en--cha-qu-suffix-SIf7MX7g",
"links": [
[
"diminutive",
"diminutive#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-cha"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uz",
"2": "trk-pro",
"3": "*-če",
"pos": "orientative–prolative suffix"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Turkic *-če (orientative–prolative suffix)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "az",
"2": "-cə"
},
"expansion": "Azerbaijani -cə",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kk",
"2": "-ше"
},
"expansion": "Kazakh -ше (-şe)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "-ce"
},
"expansion": "Turkish -ce",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Turkic *-če (orientative–prolative suffix). Cognate with Azerbaijani -cə, Kazakh -ше (-şe), Turkish -ce.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uz",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-cha",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Uzbek",
"lang_code": "uz",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "60 40",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Uzbek entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "oʻzbek (“Uzbek”) + -cha → oʻzbekcha (“Uzbek-style”)"
},
{
"text": "Ozarbayjon (“Azerbaijan”) + -cha → ozarbayjoncha (“Azerbaijani-style”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"suffix to form adverbs when added to names of ethnic groups or countries"
],
"id": "en--cha-uz-suffix--5ZlyiPg",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "oʻzbek (“Uzbek”) + -cha → oʻzbekcha (“Uzbek language”)"
},
{
"text": "Ozarbayjon (“Azerbaijan”) + -cha → ozarbayjoncha (“Azerbaijani language”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"names the languages of these groups or countries"
],
"id": "en--cha-uz-suffix-423TSO55",
"raw_glosses": [
"(nominalized adverbs) names the languages of these groups or countries"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "... tili"
}
],
"tags": [
"adverb",
"morpheme",
"noun-from-verb"
]
}
],
"word": "-cha"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mch",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-cha",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Ye'kwana",
"lang_code": "mch",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ye'kwana entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"allomorph of -ta used for stems that end in i"
],
"id": "en--cha-mch-suffix-jvzdmt7u",
"links": [
[
"-ta",
"-ta#Ye'kwana"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Ethnos360"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[-t͡ʃa]"
}
],
"word": "-cha"
}
{
"etymology_text": "From an unstressed you (/jə/) after a word ending in /t/; the unstressed sequence /tj/ coalesces into /tʃ/ ⟨ch⟩ in many accents.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "pronoun",
"3": "clitic",
"cat2": "clitics"
},
"expansion": "-cha (clitic)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "pron",
"related": [
{
"word": "-ja"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "you",
"word": "ya"
}
],
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English clitics",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English informal terms",
"English lemmas",
"English pronouns",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2019 December 10, Yacht Club Games, \"Story\" (Reize), in Shovel Knight Showdown (version 4.1), Nintendo Switch",
"text": "Baz: 'BAD NEWS, BUD. I NEVER WANTED TO FIGHTCHA, BUT IF WE WANT OUT, WE GOTTA SCRAP! YOU 'N ME, MANO A MANO.'",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of ya (“you”)"
],
"links": [
[
"ya",
"ya#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(informal, used only after a /t/ sound) Alternative form of ya (“you”)"
],
"raw_tags": [
"used only after a /t/ sound"
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"clitic",
"informal"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/tʃ(j)ə/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/tʃ(j)æ/",
"tags": [
"UK"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "-choo"
},
{
"word": "-chu"
}
],
"word": "-cha"
}
{
"categories": [
"Polish 1-syllable words",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish lemmas",
"Polish links with manual fragments",
"Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"Polish suffixes",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Polish terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Rhymes:Polish/a",
"Rhymes:Polish/a/1 syllable"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*-xa",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *-xa",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*-xa"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-xa",
"name": "inh+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-xa.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-f",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-cha",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-chy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-chy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ch",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-sze",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-chom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-chę",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-chy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-chą",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-chami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-sze",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-chach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-cho",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-chy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-m-pr",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-cha",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-chy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-chy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-chów",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ch",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-sze",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-chom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-chę",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-chów",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ch",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-chą",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-chami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-sze",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-chach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-cho",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-chy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-m-pr",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-cha",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-chowie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-chy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-chów",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-sze",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-chom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-chę",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-chów",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-chą",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-chami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-sze",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-chach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-cho",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-chowie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-cha",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"cha"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-f"
},
{
"args": {
"genp": "-chów / -ch",
"nomp": "-chy"
},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-m-pr"
},
{
"args": {
"nomp": "-chowie"
},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-m-pr"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "suffix",
"related": [
{
"word": "-ch"
},
{
"word": "-och"
},
{
"word": "-uch"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "gospodyni + -cha → gospocha",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "gorzałka + -cha → gocha",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "kiszka + -cha → kicha",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "kleryk + -cha → klecha",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "kmotra + -cha → kmocha",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "kreska + -cha → krecha",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "łyżka + -cha → łycha",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "misa + -cha → micha",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "pietruszka + -cha → pietrucha",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "plesz + -cha → plecha",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "wiązka + -cha → wiącha",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "wioska + -cha → wiocha",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "zagryzka + -cha → zagrycha",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"attached to truncated stems of common nouns to form feminine or masculine nouns, often augmentative or derogatory"
],
"links": [
[
"truncated",
"truncated#English"
],
[
"stem",
"stem#English"
],
[
"common noun",
"common noun#English"
],
[
"augmentative",
"augmentative#English"
],
[
"derogatory",
"derogatory#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "Krystyna + -cha → Krzycha",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Zofia + -cha → Zocha",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"attached to truncated stems of given names to form nicknames"
],
"links": [
[
"given name",
"given name#English"
],
[
"nickname",
"nickname#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/xa/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-a"
}
],
"word": "-cha"
}
{
"categories": [
"Quechua entries with incorrect language header",
"Quechua lemmas",
"Quechua suffixes"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "qu",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-cha",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Quechua",
"lang_code": "qu",
"pos": "suffix",
"related": [
{
"word": "-chá"
},
{
"word": "-chi"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Quechua links with redundant target parameters"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "apu (“chief”) → apuchay (“to honor”)"
},
{
"text": "pampa (“flat, plains”) → pampachay (“to level, to forgive”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Derivational suffix. To make or become something or someone."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Quechua links with redundant target parameters"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "allqu (“dog”) → allqucha (“puppy”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Nominal suffix, diminutive. Used to indicate a smaller size."
],
"links": [
[
"diminutive",
"diminutive#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-cha"
}
{
"categories": [
"Uzbek entries with incorrect language header",
"Uzbek lemmas",
"Uzbek suffixes",
"Uzbek terms derived from Proto-Turkic",
"Uzbek terms inherited from Proto-Turkic"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uz",
"2": "trk-pro",
"3": "*-če",
"pos": "orientative–prolative suffix"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Turkic *-če (orientative–prolative suffix)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "az",
"2": "-cə"
},
"expansion": "Azerbaijani -cə",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kk",
"2": "-ше"
},
"expansion": "Kazakh -ше (-şe)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "-ce"
},
"expansion": "Turkish -ce",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Turkic *-če (orientative–prolative suffix). Cognate with Azerbaijani -cə, Kazakh -ше (-şe), Turkish -ce.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uz",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-cha",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Uzbek",
"lang_code": "uz",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "oʻzbek (“Uzbek”) + -cha → oʻzbekcha (“Uzbek-style”)"
},
{
"text": "Ozarbayjon (“Azerbaijan”) + -cha → ozarbayjoncha (“Azerbaijani-style”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"suffix to form adverbs when added to names of ethnic groups or countries"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "oʻzbek (“Uzbek”) + -cha → oʻzbekcha (“Uzbek language”)"
},
{
"text": "Ozarbayjon (“Azerbaijan”) + -cha → ozarbayjoncha (“Azerbaijani language”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"names the languages of these groups or countries"
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(nominalized adverbs) names the languages of these groups or countries"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "... tili"
}
],
"tags": [
"adverb",
"morpheme",
"noun-from-verb"
]
}
],
"word": "-cha"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mch",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-cha",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Ye'kwana",
"lang_code": "mch",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Ye'kwana entries with incorrect language header",
"Ye'kwana lemmas",
"Ye'kwana suffixes",
"Ye'kwana terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"glosses": [
"allomorph of -ta used for stems that end in i"
],
"links": [
[
"-ta",
"-ta#Ye'kwana"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Ethnos360"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[-t͡ʃa]"
}
],
"word": "-cha"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-07-22 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-07-20 using wiktextract (0af6c06 and 6aeea9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.