See -cha in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "sla-pro:*-xa<id:nominal>",
"id": "nominal",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Slavic *-xa\nPolish -cha",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
"expansion": "I",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*-xa",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *-xa",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*-xa"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-xa",
"name": "inh+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Slavic *-xa\nPolish -cha\nInherited from Proto-Slavic *-xa.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-f",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-cha",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-chy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-chy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ch",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-sze",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-chom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-chę",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-chy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-chą",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-chami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-sze",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-chach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-cho",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-chy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-m-pr",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-cha",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-chy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-chy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-chów",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ch",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-sze",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-chom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-chę",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-chów",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ch",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-chą",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-chami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-sze",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-chach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-cho",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-chy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-m-pr",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-cha",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-chowie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-chy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-chów",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-sze",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-chom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-chę",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-chów",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-chą",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-chami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-sze",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-chach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-cho",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-chowie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-cha",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"-cha"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"",
"cha"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-f"
},
{
"args": {
"genp": "-chów / -ch",
"nomp": "-chy"
},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-m-pr"
},
{
"args": {
"nomp": "-chowie"
},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-m-pr"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "suffix",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "55 45",
"word": "-ch"
},
{
"_dis1": "55 45",
"word": "-och"
},
{
"_dis1": "55 45",
"word": "-uch"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "27 31 24 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 22 24 4 17 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 6 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 22 24 2 18 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "47 53",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "gospodyni + -cha → gospocha",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "gorzałka + -cha → gocha",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "kiszka + -cha → kicha",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "kleryk + -cha → klecha",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "kmotra + -cha → kmocha",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "kreska + -cha → krecha",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "łyżka + -cha → łycha",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "misa + -cha → micha",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "pietruszka + -cha → pietrucha",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "plesz + -cha → plecha",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "wiązka + -cha → wiącha",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "wioska + -cha → wiocha",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "zagryzka + -cha → zagrycha",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"attached to truncated stems of common nouns to form feminine or masculine nouns, often augmentative or derogatory"
],
"id": "en--cha-pl-suffix-0hurgRmM",
"links": [
[
"truncated",
"truncated#English"
],
[
"stem",
"stem#English"
],
[
"common noun",
"common noun#English"
],
[
"augmentative",
"augmentative#English"
],
[
"derogatory",
"derogatory#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "27 31 24 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 22 24 4 17 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 6 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 22 24 2 18 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "43 57",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "43 57",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries referencing missing etymons",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "44 56",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "47 53",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "39 61",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with manual fragments",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "42 58",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "42 58",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Krystyna + -cha → Krzycha",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Zofia + -cha → Zocha",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"attached to truncated stems of given names to form nicknames"
],
"id": "en--cha-pl-suffix-LqgQp-3H",
"links": [
[
"given name",
"given name#English"
],
[
"nickname",
"nickname#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/xa/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-a"
}
],
"word": "-cha"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 6 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Polish 1-syllable words",
"Polish entries referencing missing etymons",
"Polish entries with etymology trees",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish lemmas",
"Polish links with manual fragments",
"Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"Polish suffixes",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Polish terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Rhymes:Polish/a",
"Rhymes:Polish/a/1 syllable"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "sla-pro:*-xa<id:nominal>",
"id": "nominal",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Slavic *-xa\nPolish -cha",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
"expansion": "I",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*-xa",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *-xa",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*-xa"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-xa",
"name": "inh+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Slavic *-xa\nPolish -cha\nInherited from Proto-Slavic *-xa.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-f",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-cha",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-chy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-chy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ch",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-sze",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-chom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-chę",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-chy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-chą",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-chami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-sze",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-chach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-cho",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-chy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-m-pr",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-cha",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-chy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-chy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-chów",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ch",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-sze",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-chom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-chę",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-chów",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ch",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-chą",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-chami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-sze",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-chach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-cho",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-chy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-m-pr",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-cha",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-chowie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-chy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-chów",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-sze",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-chom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-chę",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-chów",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-chą",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-chami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-sze",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-chach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-cho",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-chowie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-cha",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"-cha"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"",
"cha"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-f"
},
{
"args": {
"genp": "-chów / -ch",
"nomp": "-chy"
},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-m-pr"
},
{
"args": {
"nomp": "-chowie"
},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-m-pr"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "suffix",
"related": [
{
"word": "-ch"
},
{
"word": "-och"
},
{
"word": "-uch"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "gospodyni + -cha → gospocha",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "gorzałka + -cha → gocha",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "kiszka + -cha → kicha",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "kleryk + -cha → klecha",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "kmotra + -cha → kmocha",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "kreska + -cha → krecha",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "łyżka + -cha → łycha",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "misa + -cha → micha",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "pietruszka + -cha → pietrucha",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "plesz + -cha → plecha",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "wiązka + -cha → wiącha",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "wioska + -cha → wiocha",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "zagryzka + -cha → zagrycha",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"attached to truncated stems of common nouns to form feminine or masculine nouns, often augmentative or derogatory"
],
"links": [
[
"truncated",
"truncated#English"
],
[
"stem",
"stem#English"
],
[
"common noun",
"common noun#English"
],
[
"augmentative",
"augmentative#English"
],
[
"derogatory",
"derogatory#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "Krystyna + -cha → Krzycha",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Zofia + -cha → Zocha",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"attached to truncated stems of given names to form nicknames"
],
"links": [
[
"given name",
"given name#English"
],
[
"nickname",
"nickname#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/xa/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-a"
}
],
"word": "-cha"
}
Download raw JSONL data for -cha meaning in Polish (7.1kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Polish dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-01-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-01-01 using wiktextract (f492ef9 and 9905b1f). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.