See -cha in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "inh",
"3": "sla-pro>*-xa>nominal",
"id": "nominal",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Slavic *-xa\nPolish -cha",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*-xa",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *-xa",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*-xa"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-xa",
"name": "inh+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Slavic *-xa\nPolish -cha\nInherited from Proto-Slavic *-xa.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-f",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-cha",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-chy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-chy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ch",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-sze",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-chom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-chę",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-chy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-chą",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-chami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-sze",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-chach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-cho",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-chy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-m-pr",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-cha",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-chy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-chy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-chów",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ch",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-sze",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-chom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-chę",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-chów",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ch",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-chą",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-chami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-sze",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-chach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-cho",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-chy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-m-pr",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-cha",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-chowie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-chy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-chów",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-sze",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-chom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-chę",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-chów",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-chą",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-chami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-sze",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-chach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-cho",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-chowie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-cha",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"[please"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-f"
},
{
"args": {
"genp": "-chów / -ch",
"nomp": "-chy"
},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-m-pr"
},
{
"args": {
"nomp": "-chowie"
},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-m-pr"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "suffix",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "55 45",
"word": "-ch"
},
{
"_dis1": "55 45",
"word": "-och"
},
{
"_dis1": "55 45",
"word": "-uch"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "28 31 24 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 22 23 5 17 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 6 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 22 24 3 18 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "46 54",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries referencing etymons with invalid IDs",
"parents": [
"Entries referencing etymons with invalid IDs",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "46 54",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "gospodyni + -cha → gospocha",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "gorzałka + -cha → gocha",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "kiszka + -cha → kicha",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "kleryk + -cha → klecha",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "kmotra + -cha → kmocha",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "kreska + -cha → krecha",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "łyżka + -cha → łycha",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "misa + -cha → micha",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "pietruszka + -cha → pietrucha",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "plesz + -cha → plecha",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "wiązka + -cha → wiącha",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "wioska + -cha → wiocha",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "zagryzka + -cha → zagrycha",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"attached to truncated stems of common nouns to form feminine or masculine nouns, often augmentative or derogatory"
],
"id": "en--cha-pl-suffix-0hurgRmM",
"links": [
[
"truncated",
"truncated#English"
],
[
"stem",
"stem#English"
],
[
"common noun",
"common noun#English"
],
[
"augmentative",
"augmentative#English"
],
[
"derogatory",
"derogatory#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "28 31 24 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 22 23 5 17 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 6 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 22 24 3 18 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "46 54",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries referencing etymons with invalid IDs",
"parents": [
"Entries referencing etymons with invalid IDs",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "44 56",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with Template:pl-pr without syllabification",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "43 57",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [
"Entries with etymology trees",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "46 54",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "41 59",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with manual fragments",
"parents": [
"Links with manual fragments",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "41 59",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "42 58",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Krystyna + -cha → Krzycha",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Zofia + -cha → Zocha",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"attached to truncated stems of given names to form nicknames"
],
"id": "en--cha-pl-suffix-LqgQp-3H",
"links": [
[
"given name",
"given name#English"
],
[
"nickname",
"nickname#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/xa/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-a"
}
],
"word": "-cha"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 6 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Polish 1-syllable words",
"Polish entries referencing etymons with invalid IDs",
"Polish entries with Template:pl-pr without syllabification",
"Polish entries with etymology trees",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish lemmas",
"Polish links with manual fragments",
"Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"Polish suffixes",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Polish terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Rhymes:Polish/a",
"Rhymes:Polish/a/1 syllable"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "inh",
"3": "sla-pro>*-xa>nominal",
"id": "nominal",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Slavic *-xa\nPolish -cha",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*-xa",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *-xa",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*-xa"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-xa",
"name": "inh+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Slavic *-xa\nPolish -cha\nInherited from Proto-Slavic *-xa.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-f",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-cha",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-chy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-chy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ch",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-sze",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-chom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-chę",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-chy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-chą",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-chami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-sze",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-chach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-cho",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-chy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-m-pr",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-cha",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-chy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-chy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-chów",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ch",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-sze",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-chom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-chę",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-chów",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ch",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-chą",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-chami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-sze",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-chach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-cho",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-chy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-m-pr",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-cha",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-chowie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-chy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-chów",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-sze",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-chom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-chę",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-chów",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-chą",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-chami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-sze",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-chach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-cho",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-chowie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-cha",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"[please"
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-f"
},
{
"args": {
"genp": "-chów / -ch",
"nomp": "-chy"
},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-m-pr"
},
{
"args": {
"nomp": "-chowie"
},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-m-pr"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "suffix",
"related": [
{
"word": "-ch"
},
{
"word": "-och"
},
{
"word": "-uch"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "gospodyni + -cha → gospocha",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "gorzałka + -cha → gocha",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "kiszka + -cha → kicha",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "kleryk + -cha → klecha",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "kmotra + -cha → kmocha",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "kreska + -cha → krecha",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "łyżka + -cha → łycha",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "misa + -cha → micha",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "pietruszka + -cha → pietrucha",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "plesz + -cha → plecha",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "wiązka + -cha → wiącha",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "wioska + -cha → wiocha",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "zagryzka + -cha → zagrycha",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"attached to truncated stems of common nouns to form feminine or masculine nouns, often augmentative or derogatory"
],
"links": [
[
"truncated",
"truncated#English"
],
[
"stem",
"stem#English"
],
[
"common noun",
"common noun#English"
],
[
"augmentative",
"augmentative#English"
],
[
"derogatory",
"derogatory#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "Krystyna + -cha → Krzycha",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Zofia + -cha → Zocha",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"attached to truncated stems of given names to form nicknames"
],
"links": [
[
"given name",
"given name#English"
],
[
"nickname",
"nickname#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/xa/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-a"
}
],
"word": "-cha"
}
Download raw JSONL data for -cha meaning in Polish (7.0kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Polish dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-04-10 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-04-03 using wiktextract (74c5344 and fb63907). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.