"-ch" meaning in Polish

See -ch in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Suffix

IPA: /x/
Etymology: Inherited from Old Polish -ch, from Proto-Slavic *-xъ. Etymology templates: {{glossary|Inherited}} Inherited, {{inh|pl|zlw-opl|-ch|||g=|g2=|g3=|id=|lit=|nocat=|pos=|sc=|sort=|tr=|ts=}} Old Polish -ch, {{inh+|pl|zlw-opl|-ch}} Inherited from Old Polish -ch, {{inh|pl|sla-pro|*-xъ}} Proto-Slavic *-xъ Head templates: {{head|pl|suffixes}} -ch
  1. attached to truncated stems of common nouns to form masculine, often augmentative or derogatory, nouns Tags: morpheme
    Sense id: en--ch-pl-suffix-3xvV26ke
  2. attached to truncated stems of masculine given names to form nicknames Tags: morpheme
    Sense id: en--ch-pl-suffix-XD-jszkA Categories (other): Polish entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Polish entries with incorrect language header: 42 58
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Related terms: -cha, -och, -uch

Download JSON data for -ch meaning in Polish (2.2kB)

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "zlw-opl",
        "3": "-ch",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Old Polish -ch",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "zlw-opl",
        "3": "-ch"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Old Polish -ch",
      "name": "inh+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "sla-pro",
        "3": "*-xъ"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *-xъ",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Old Polish -ch, from Proto-Slavic *-xъ.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "suffixes"
      },
      "expansion": "-ch",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "ch"
  ],
  "lang": "Polish",
  "lang_code": "pl",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "-cha"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "-och"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "-uch"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "brat + -ch → brach",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "gamrat + -ch → gach",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "kmotr + -ch → kmoch",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "Moskal + -ch → moch",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "piasek + -ch → piach",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "stryj + -ch → strych",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "attached to truncated stems of common nouns to form masculine, often augmentative or derogatory, nouns"
      ],
      "id": "en--ch-pl-suffix-3xvV26ke",
      "links": [
        [
          "common noun",
          "common noun#English"
        ],
        [
          "augmentative",
          "augmentative#English"
        ],
        [
          "derogatory",
          "derogatory#English"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "42 58",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "Stanisław + -ch → Stach",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "Zdzisław + -ch → Zdzich",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "Zbigniew + -ch → Zbych",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "attached to truncated stems of masculine given names to form nicknames"
      ],
      "id": "en--ch-pl-suffix-XD-jszkA",
      "links": [
        [
          "truncated",
          "truncated#English"
        ],
        [
          "stem",
          "stem#English"
        ],
        [
          "given name",
          "given name#English"
        ],
        [
          "nickname",
          "nickname#English"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/x/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "-ch"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
    "Polish lemmas",
    "Polish suffixes",
    "Polish terms with IPA pronunciation"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "zlw-opl",
        "3": "-ch",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Old Polish -ch",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "zlw-opl",
        "3": "-ch"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Old Polish -ch",
      "name": "inh+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "sla-pro",
        "3": "*-xъ"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *-xъ",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Old Polish -ch, from Proto-Slavic *-xъ.",
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "pl",
        "2": "suffixes"
      },
      "expansion": "-ch",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "hyphenation": [
    "ch"
  ],
  "lang": "Polish",
  "lang_code": "pl",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "-cha"
    },
    {
      "word": "-och"
    },
    {
      "word": "-uch"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "brat + -ch → brach",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "gamrat + -ch → gach",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "kmotr + -ch → kmoch",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "Moskal + -ch → moch",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "piasek + -ch → piach",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "stryj + -ch → strych",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "attached to truncated stems of common nouns to form masculine, often augmentative or derogatory, nouns"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "common noun",
          "common noun#English"
        ],
        [
          "augmentative",
          "augmentative#English"
        ],
        [
          "derogatory",
          "derogatory#English"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    },
    {
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "Stanisław + -ch → Stach",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "Zdzisław + -ch → Zdzich",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "Zbigniew + -ch → Zbych",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "attached to truncated stems of masculine given names to form nicknames"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "truncated",
          "truncated#English"
        ],
        [
          "stem",
          "stem#English"
        ],
        [
          "given name",
          "given name#English"
        ],
        [
          "nickname",
          "nickname#English"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/x/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "-ch"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Polish dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-03-12 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-03-01 using wiktextract (68773ab and 5f6ddbb). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.