See -ch in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "inh",
"3": "zlw-opl>-ch>noun-forming suffix",
"id": "noun-forming suffix",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Slavic *-xъ\nOld Polish -ch\nPolish -ch",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "-ch",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old Polish -ch",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "-ch"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old Polish -ch",
"name": "inh+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Slavic *-xъ\nOld Polish -ch\nPolish -ch\nInherited from Old Polish -ch.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-ich",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-ch",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"[please"
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "suffix",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "-cha"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "-och"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "-uch"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "49 51",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "47 53",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with Template:pl-pr without syllabification",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "51 49",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [
"Entries with etymology trees",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "48 52",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "brat + -ch → brach",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "gamrat + -ch → gach",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "kmotr + -ch → kmoch",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Moskal + -ch → moch",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "piasek + -ch → piach",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "stryj + -ch → strych",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"attached to truncated stems of common nouns to form masculine, often augmentative or derogatory, nouns"
],
"id": "en--ch-pl-suffix-3xvV26ke",
"links": [
[
"common noun",
"common noun#English"
],
[
"augmentative",
"augmentative#English"
],
[
"derogatory",
"derogatory#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "49 51",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "47 53",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with Template:pl-pr without syllabification",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "51 49",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [
"Entries with etymology trees",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "48 52",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "Stanisław + -ch → Stach",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Zdzisław + -ch → Zdzich",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Zbigniew + -ch → Zbych",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"attached to truncated stems of masculine given names to form nicknames"
],
"id": "en--ch-pl-suffix-XD-jszkA",
"links": [
[
"truncated",
"truncated#English"
],
[
"stem",
"stem#English"
],
[
"given name",
"given name#English"
],
[
"nickname",
"nickname#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/x/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-x"
}
],
"word": "-ch"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 4 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Polish entries with Template:pl-pr without syllabification",
"Polish entries with etymology trees",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish lemmas",
"Polish suffixes",
"Polish terms derived from Old Polish",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Polish terms inherited from Old Polish",
"Polish terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Rhymes:Polish/x",
"Rhymes:Polish/x/1 syllable"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "inh",
"3": "zlw-opl>-ch>noun-forming suffix",
"id": "noun-forming suffix",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Slavic *-xъ\nOld Polish -ch\nPolish -ch",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "-ch",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old Polish -ch",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "zlw-opl",
"3": "-ch"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old Polish -ch",
"name": "inh+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Slavic *-xъ\nOld Polish -ch\nPolish -ch\nInherited from Old Polish -ch.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-ich",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-ch",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"[please"
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "suffix",
"related": [
{
"word": "-cha"
},
{
"word": "-och"
},
{
"word": "-uch"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "brat + -ch → brach",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "gamrat + -ch → gach",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "kmotr + -ch → kmoch",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Moskal + -ch → moch",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "piasek + -ch → piach",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "stryj + -ch → strych",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"attached to truncated stems of common nouns to form masculine, often augmentative or derogatory, nouns"
],
"links": [
[
"common noun",
"common noun#English"
],
[
"augmentative",
"augmentative#English"
],
[
"derogatory",
"derogatory#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "Stanisław + -ch → Stach",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Zdzisław + -ch → Zdzich",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Zbigniew + -ch → Zbych",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"attached to truncated stems of masculine given names to form nicknames"
],
"links": [
[
"truncated",
"truncated#English"
],
[
"stem",
"stem#English"
],
[
"given name",
"given name#English"
],
[
"nickname",
"nickname#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/x/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-x"
}
],
"word": "-ch"
}
Download raw JSONL data for -ch meaning in Polish (2.7kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Polish dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-03-09 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-03-02 using wiktextract (32c88e6 and 633533e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.