See 鶏 on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for 鶏 meaning in All languages combined (14.9kB)
{
"lang": "Translingual",
"lang_code": "mul",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Translingual entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Translingual terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Translingual terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant script codes",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"鶏 (Kangxi radical 196, 鳥+8, 19 strokes, cangjie input 月人竹日火 (BOHAF), composition ⿰⿱爫夫鳥)"
],
"id": "en-鶏-mul-character-NI0aWT-2",
"links": [
[
"Kangxi radical",
"Kangxi radical"
],
[
"爫",
"爫#Translingual"
],
[
"夫",
"夫#Translingual"
],
[
"鳥",
"鳥#Translingual"
]
],
"raw_tags": [
"han"
]
}
],
"word": "鶏"
}
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant script codes",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "cockscomb",
"roman": "keikan",
"ruby": [
[
"鶏",
"けい"
],
[
"冠",
"かん"
]
],
"word": "鶏冠"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "chicken meat",
"roman": "keiniku",
"ruby": [
[
"鶏",
"けい"
],
[
"肉",
"にく"
]
],
"word": "鶏肉"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "ukokkei",
"word": "烏骨鶏: silky"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "breed of chicken",
"word": "silkie"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "gunkei",
"ruby": [
[
"軍",
"ぐん"
],
[
"鶏",
"けい"
]
],
"word": "軍鶏"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "rail; water rail",
"roman": "suikei",
"ruby": [
[
"水",
"すい"
],
[
"鶏",
"けい"
]
],
"word": "水鶏"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "poultry farming, chicken raising",
"roman": "yōkei",
"ruby": [
[
"養",
"よう"
],
[
"鶏",
"けい"
]
],
"word": "養鶏"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "kashiwa",
"word": "黄鶏: a Japanese native species of chicken with dark reddish-brown feathers"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "the meat thereof"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"topics": [
"meat",
"meats",
"food",
"lifestyle"
],
"word": "chicken"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "水鶏"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "rail, water rail",
"roman": "kuina",
"word": "秧鶏"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "gamecock",
"roman": "shamo",
"ruby": [
[
"軍鶏",
"シャモ"
]
],
"word": "軍鶏"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "bantam",
"roman": "chabo",
"ruby": [
[
"矮鶏",
"チャボ"
]
],
"word": "矮鶏"
}
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "“Jōyō” kanji",
"tags": [
"common"
]
},
{
"form": "鷄",
"tags": [
"kyūjitai"
]
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Common kanji",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"chicken"
],
"id": "en-鶏-ja-character-gR64G50R",
"links": [
[
"chicken",
"chicken"
]
],
"tags": [
"kanji",
"shinjitai"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Common kanji",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 38 23 14 14 10",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "ja",
"name": "Fowls",
"orig": "ja:Fowls",
"parents": [
"Birds",
"Vertebrates",
"Chordates",
"Animals",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"bird"
],
"id": "en-鶏-ja-character-elF57swP",
"links": [
[
"bird",
"bird"
]
],
"tags": [
"kanji",
"shinjitai"
]
}
],
"word": "鶏"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ニワトリ",
"lang": "ja"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "wp"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Chicken"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "wp"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "⟨nipa tu to₂ri⟩"
},
"expansion": "⟨nipa tu to₂ri⟩",
"name": "IPAfont"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "枕詞",
"3": "",
"4": "pillow word",
"pos": "an epithet as a poetic device",
"tr": "makura kotoba"
},
"expansion": "枕詞 (makura kotoba, “pillow word”, an epithet as a poetic device)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "庭つ鳥",
"tr": "niwa tsu tori"
},
"expansion": "庭つ鳥 (niwa tsu tori)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ojp",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "庭",
"3": "つ",
"4": "鳥",
"pos2": "Old Japanese possessive particle",
"t1": "garden",
"t3": "bird",
"tr1": "niwa",
"tr2": "tsu",
"tr3": "tori"
},
"expansion": "庭 (niwa, “garden”) + つ (tsu, Old Japanese possessive particle) + 鳥 (tori, “bird”)",
"name": "compound"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ojp",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "⟨nipa tu to₂ri⟩ → */nipatːəri/ → /nifatori/ → /niwatori/\nOriginally derived from the 枕詞 (makura kotoba, “pillow word”, an epithet as a poetic device) compound phrase 庭つ鳥 (niwa tsu tori), 庭 (niwa, “garden”) + つ (tsu, Old Japanese possessive particle) + 鳥 (tori, “bird”), used in Old Japanese poetry as an allusive introduction to kake, the older word for “chicken” (see below). The medial tsu disappeared over time, yielding modern Japanese niwatori.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "鶏",
"ruby": [
[
"鶏",
"にわとり"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "鶏",
"ruby": [
[
"鶏",
"ニワトリ"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "niwatori",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "nifatori",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "にはとり",
"roman": "nifatori",
"tags": [
"hiragana",
"historical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "にわとり",
"2": "ニワトリ",
"hist1": "にはとり"
},
"expansion": "鶏(にわとり) or 鶏(ニワトリ) • (niwatori) ^(←にはとり (nifatori)?)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"proverbs": [
{
"english": "why chop a chicken with a meat cleaver? → don't exaggerate",
"roman": "niwatori o saku ni izukun zo gyūtō o mochiin",
"ruby": [
[
"鶏",
"にわとり"
],
[
"割",
"さ"
],
[
"焉",
"いずく"
],
[
"牛",
"ぎゅう"
],
[
"刀",
"とう"
],
[
"用",
"もち"
]
],
"word": "鶏を割くに焉んぞ牛刀を用いん"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 0 47 21 21 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 0 41 26 26 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 0 49 18 18 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 0 39 27 27 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "61 39",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a domesticated chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus)"
],
"id": "en-鶏-ja-noun-MFwRGKu7",
"links": [
[
"domesticate",
"domesticate"
],
[
"chicken",
"chicken"
],
[
"Gallus gallus",
"Gallus gallus#Translingual"
],
[
"domesticus",
"domesticus"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "臼辺鳥"
},
{
"word": "鳥"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "にわとり"
},
{
"ipa": "[ɲ̟iɰᵝa̠to̞ɾʲi]"
}
],
"word": "鶏"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "⟨kake₁⟩"
},
"expansion": "⟨kake₁⟩",
"name": "IPAfont"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ojp",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"nodots": "1"
},
"expansion": "CE",
"name": "C.E."
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "CE",
"name": "CE"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja"
},
"expansion": "Onomatopoeic",
"name": "onom"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cluck"
},
"expansion": "cluck",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "⟨kake₁⟩ → */kakʲe/ → /kake/\nFrom Old Japanese, first attested in the Kojiki (712 CE).\nOnomatopoeic of the sound made by a chicken. Compare English cluck.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "鶏",
"ruby": [
[
"鶏",
"かけ"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "kake",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "かけ"
},
"expansion": "鶏(かけ) • (kake)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese onomatopoeias",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "the garden bird, the chicken clucks",
"ref": "711–712, Kojiki, (poem 2)",
"roman": "...niwa tsu tori, kake wa naku...",
"ruby": [
[
"爾波都登理",
"にはつとり"
],
[
"迦祁",
"かけ"
],
[
"波那久",
"はなく"
],
[
"庭",
"には"
],
[
"鳥",
"とり"
],
[
"鶏",
"かけ"
],
[
"鳴",
"な"
]
],
"text": "… 爾波都登理 迦祁波那久 … [Man'yōgana]\n[...] 庭つ鳥 鶏は鳴く [...] [Modern spelling]"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a chicken (domesticated fowl)"
],
"id": "en-鶏-ja-noun-QQnhwonw",
"links": [
[
"chicken",
"chicken"
],
[
"domesticate",
"domesticate#English"
],
[
"fowl",
"fowl#English"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "臼辺鳥"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ka̠ke̞]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Kojiki"
],
"word": "鶏"
}
{
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "くだかけ",
"tr": "kudakake"
},
"expansion": "くだかけ (kudakake)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "くた",
"3": "鶏",
"t2": "chicken; rooster",
"tr1": "kuta/kuda",
"tr2": "kake"
},
"expansion": "くた (kuta/kuda) + 鶏 (kake, “chicken; rooster”)",
"name": "com"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": ",",
"name": ","
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "百済鶏",
"lit": "Baekje chicken",
"tr": "kudara-kake"
},
"expansion": "百済鶏 (kudara-kake, literally “Baekje chicken”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "管掛",
"tr": "kuda-kake"
},
"expansion": "管掛 (kuda-kake)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "数連",
"tr": "kazutsura"
},
"expansion": "数連 (kazutsura)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ain",
"3": "コタン",
"sort": "くたかけ",
"t": "village",
"tr": "kotan"
},
"expansion": "Ainu コタン (kotan, “village”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "village",
"w": "1"
},
"expansion": "English village",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "villa"
},
"expansion": "villa",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "This word has also been spelled as <i class=\"Jpan mention\" lang=\"ja\">くだかけ</i> (kudakake). This word must have been a compound of <i class=\"Jpan mention\" lang=\"ja\">くた</i> (kuta/kuda) + <i class=\"Jpan mention\" lang=\"ja\">鶏</i> (kake, “chicken; rooster”).\nHowever, the initial kuta-/kuda- portion has been subject to debate. Several sources have attempted to give an etymology:\n# The Hikobae of 1847 and the Daigenkai derive kuta- as a word meaning 'stinky'.\n# The Kita-no-bezuihitsu, Meigentsū, and the Minakata-Kumakusu derive this from <i class=\"Jpan mention\" lang=\"ja\">百済鶏</i> (kudara-kake, literally “Baekje chicken”), saying that the chicken was imported from there.\n# The Wakun-no-Shiori derives kuta as an eastern word for \"house\". The same source also supposes a Sanskrit origin, transcribed as kukutaeshira, and also supposes it was derived from <i class=\"Jpan mention\" lang=\"ja\">管掛</i> (kuda-kake) from the way it has a good voice.\n# The Honchō Jigen derives this from kudo-kake, where kudo- means 'a passing sound' and -kake means 'to put on'.\n# The Myōgoki derives kuda- from <i class=\"Jpan mention\" lang=\"ja\">数連</i> (kazutsura), while -kake is an onomatopoeic sound.\nThe third etymology is the most likely, as this note appears in several manuscripts of The Tales of Ise, and Vovin (2021) identifies kuda- with Ainu <i class=\"Kana mention\" lang=\"ain\">コタン</i> (kotan, “village”) (c.f. English <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"en\">village</i> and <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"en\">villa</i>). He also identifies the poem in The Tales of Ise as being a hybrid Japanese-Ainu poem.",
"bg": "#FFFFFF",
"title": "Etymological details"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "collapse"
}
],
"etymology_text": "First attested in The Tales of Ise.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "鶏",
"ruby": [
[
"鶏",
"くたかけ"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "kutakake",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "くたかけ"
},
"expansion": "鶏(くたかけ) • (kutakake)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a chicken (domesticated fowl)"
],
"id": "en-鶏-ja-noun-QQnhwonw1",
"links": [
[
"chicken",
"chicken"
],
[
"domesticate",
"domesticate#English"
],
[
"fowl",
"fowl#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) a chicken (domesticated fowl)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "臼辺鳥"
}
],
"tags": [
"archaic"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[kɯ̟ᵝta̠ka̠ke̞]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Daigenkai",
"Hikobae",
"Honchō Jigen",
"Jōdai Tokushu Kanazukai",
"Kita-no-bezuihitsu",
"Meigentsū",
"Minakata-Kumakusu",
"Myōgoki",
"The Tales of Ise",
"Wakun-no-Shiori"
],
"word": "鶏"
}
{
"etymology_number": 4,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "鳥",
"3": "",
"4": "bird",
"tr": "tori"
},
"expansion": "鳥 (tori, “bird”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From 鳥 (tori, “bird”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "鶏",
"ruby": [
[
"鶏",
"とり"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "tori",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "とり"
},
"expansion": "鶏(とり) • (tori)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "(tori): a chicken (domesticated fowl); chicken meat",
"word": "鳥"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "cock's false cry",
"roman": "tori no sorane",
"ruby": [
[
"鶏",
"とり"
],
[
"空",
"そら"
],
[
"音",
"ね"
]
],
"word": "鶏の空音"
},
{
"english": "cockscomb",
"roman": "tosaka",
"ruby": [
[
"鶏",
"と"
],
[
"冠",
"さか"
]
],
"word": "鶏冠"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative spelling of 鳥 (tori): a chicken (domesticated fowl); chicken meat"
],
"id": "en-鶏-ja-noun-PnSuyK-x",
"links": [
[
"鳥",
"鳥#Japanese"
],
[
"chicken",
"chicken"
],
[
"domesticate",
"domesticate#English"
],
[
"fowl",
"fowl#English"
],
[
"meat",
"meat"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "とり"
},
{
"ipa": "[to̞ɾʲi]"
}
],
"word": "鶏"
}
{
"categories": [
"Common kanji",
"Japanese Han characters",
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese kanji with goon reading け",
"Japanese kanji with historical kun reading にはとり",
"Japanese kanji with kan'on reading けい",
"Japanese kanji with kun reading かけ",
"Japanese kanji with kun reading くたかけ",
"Japanese kanji with kun reading とり",
"Japanese kanji with kun reading にわとり",
"Japanese kanji with kun readings missing okurigana designation",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese single-kanji terms",
"Japanese terms spelled with secondary school kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with 鶏",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with redundant script codes",
"Japanese terms with redundant transliterations",
"Japanese terms written with one Han script character",
"ja:Fowls"
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "cockscomb",
"roman": "keikan",
"ruby": [
[
"鶏",
"けい"
],
[
"冠",
"かん"
]
],
"word": "鶏冠"
},
{
"english": "chicken meat",
"roman": "keiniku",
"ruby": [
[
"鶏",
"けい"
],
[
"肉",
"にく"
]
],
"word": "鶏肉"
},
{
"roman": "ukokkei",
"word": "烏骨鶏: silky"
},
{
"english": "breed of chicken",
"word": "silkie"
},
{
"roman": "gunkei",
"ruby": [
[
"軍",
"ぐん"
],
[
"鶏",
"けい"
]
],
"word": "軍鶏"
},
{
"english": "rail; water rail",
"roman": "suikei",
"ruby": [
[
"水",
"すい"
],
[
"鶏",
"けい"
]
],
"word": "水鶏"
},
{
"english": "poultry farming, chicken raising",
"roman": "yōkei",
"ruby": [
[
"養",
"よう"
],
[
"鶏",
"けい"
]
],
"word": "養鶏"
},
{
"roman": "kashiwa",
"word": "黄鶏: a Japanese native species of chicken with dark reddish-brown feathers"
},
{
"word": "the meat thereof"
},
{
"topics": [
"meat",
"meats",
"food",
"lifestyle"
],
"word": "chicken"
},
{
"word": "水鶏"
},
{
"english": "rail, water rail",
"roman": "kuina",
"word": "秧鶏"
},
{
"english": "gamecock",
"roman": "shamo",
"ruby": [
[
"軍鶏",
"シャモ"
]
],
"word": "軍鶏"
},
{
"english": "bantam",
"roman": "chabo",
"ruby": [
[
"矮鶏",
"チャボ"
]
],
"word": "矮鶏"
}
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "“Jōyō” kanji",
"tags": [
"common"
]
},
{
"form": "鷄",
"tags": [
"kyūjitai"
]
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"chicken"
],
"links": [
[
"chicken",
"chicken"
]
],
"tags": [
"kanji",
"shinjitai"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"bird"
],
"links": [
[
"bird",
"bird"
]
],
"tags": [
"kanji",
"shinjitai"
]
}
],
"word": "鶏"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese compound terms",
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese single-kanji terms",
"Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms inherited from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms spelled with secondary school kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with 鶏",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Japanese terms written with one Han script character",
"ja:Fowls"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ニワトリ",
"lang": "ja"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "wp"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Chicken"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "wp"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "⟨nipa tu to₂ri⟩"
},
"expansion": "⟨nipa tu to₂ri⟩",
"name": "IPAfont"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "枕詞",
"3": "",
"4": "pillow word",
"pos": "an epithet as a poetic device",
"tr": "makura kotoba"
},
"expansion": "枕詞 (makura kotoba, “pillow word”, an epithet as a poetic device)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "庭つ鳥",
"tr": "niwa tsu tori"
},
"expansion": "庭つ鳥 (niwa tsu tori)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ojp",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "庭",
"3": "つ",
"4": "鳥",
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"t1": "garden",
"t3": "bird",
"tr1": "niwa",
"tr2": "tsu",
"tr3": "tori"
},
"expansion": "庭 (niwa, “garden”) + つ (tsu, Old Japanese possessive particle) + 鳥 (tori, “bird”)",
"name": "compound"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ojp",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "⟨nipa tu to₂ri⟩ → */nipatːəri/ → /nifatori/ → /niwatori/\nOriginally derived from the 枕詞 (makura kotoba, “pillow word”, an epithet as a poetic device) compound phrase 庭つ鳥 (niwa tsu tori), 庭 (niwa, “garden”) + つ (tsu, Old Japanese possessive particle) + 鳥 (tori, “bird”), used in Old Japanese poetry as an allusive introduction to kake, the older word for “chicken” (see below). The medial tsu disappeared over time, yielding modern Japanese niwatori.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "鶏",
"ruby": [
[
"鶏",
"にわとり"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "鶏",
"ruby": [
[
"鶏",
"ニワトリ"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "niwatori",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "nifatori",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "にはとり",
"roman": "nifatori",
"tags": [
"hiragana",
"historical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "にわとり",
"2": "ニワトリ",
"hist1": "にはとり"
},
"expansion": "鶏(にわとり) or 鶏(ニワトリ) • (niwatori) ^(←にはとり (nifatori)?)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"proverbs": [
{
"english": "why chop a chicken with a meat cleaver? → don't exaggerate",
"roman": "niwatori o saku ni izukun zo gyūtō o mochiin",
"ruby": [
[
"鶏",
"にわとり"
],
[
"割",
"さ"
],
[
"焉",
"いずく"
],
[
"牛",
"ぎゅう"
],
[
"刀",
"とう"
],
[
"用",
"もち"
]
],
"word": "鶏を割くに焉んぞ牛刀を用いん"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"a domesticated chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus)"
],
"links": [
[
"domesticate",
"domesticate"
],
[
"chicken",
"chicken"
],
[
"Gallus gallus",
"Gallus gallus#Translingual"
],
[
"domesticus",
"domesticus"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "臼辺鳥"
},
{
"word": "鳥"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "にわとり"
},
{
"ipa": "[ɲ̟iɰᵝa̠to̞ɾʲi]"
}
],
"word": "鶏"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese onomatopoeias",
"Japanese single-kanji terms",
"Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms inherited from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms spelled with secondary school kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with 鶏",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms written with one Han script character",
"ja:Fowls"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "⟨kake₁⟩"
},
"expansion": "⟨kake₁⟩",
"name": "IPAfont"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ojp",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"nodots": "1"
},
"expansion": "CE",
"name": "C.E."
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "CE",
"name": "CE"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja"
},
"expansion": "Onomatopoeic",
"name": "onom"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cluck"
},
"expansion": "cluck",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "⟨kake₁⟩ → */kakʲe/ → /kake/\nFrom Old Japanese, first attested in the Kojiki (712 CE).\nOnomatopoeic of the sound made by a chicken. Compare English cluck.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "鶏",
"ruby": [
[
"鶏",
"かけ"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "kake",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "かけ"
},
"expansion": "鶏(かけ) • (kake)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "the garden bird, the chicken clucks",
"ref": "711–712, Kojiki, (poem 2)",
"roman": "...niwa tsu tori, kake wa naku...",
"ruby": [
[
"爾波都登理",
"にはつとり"
],
[
"迦祁",
"かけ"
],
[
"波那久",
"はなく"
],
[
"庭",
"には"
],
[
"鳥",
"とり"
],
[
"鶏",
"かけ"
],
[
"鳴",
"な"
]
],
"text": "… 爾波都登理 迦祁波那久 … [Man'yōgana]\n[...] 庭つ鳥 鶏は鳴く [...] [Modern spelling]"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a chicken (domesticated fowl)"
],
"links": [
[
"chicken",
"chicken"
],
[
"domesticate",
"domesticate#English"
],
[
"fowl",
"fowl#English"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "臼辺鳥"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ka̠ke̞]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Kojiki"
],
"word": "鶏"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese compound terms",
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese single-kanji terms",
"Japanese terms derived from Ainu",
"Japanese terms spelled with secondary school kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with 鶏",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms written with one Han script character",
"ja:Fowls"
],
"etymology_number": 3,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "くだかけ",
"tr": "kudakake"
},
"expansion": "くだかけ (kudakake)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "くた",
"3": "鶏",
"t2": "chicken; rooster",
"tr1": "kuta/kuda",
"tr2": "kake"
},
"expansion": "くた (kuta/kuda) + 鶏 (kake, “chicken; rooster”)",
"name": "com"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": ",",
"name": ","
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "百済鶏",
"lit": "Baekje chicken",
"tr": "kudara-kake"
},
"expansion": "百済鶏 (kudara-kake, literally “Baekje chicken”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "管掛",
"tr": "kuda-kake"
},
"expansion": "管掛 (kuda-kake)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "数連",
"tr": "kazutsura"
},
"expansion": "数連 (kazutsura)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ain",
"3": "コタン",
"sort": "くたかけ",
"t": "village",
"tr": "kotan"
},
"expansion": "Ainu コタン (kotan, “village”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "village",
"w": "1"
},
"expansion": "English village",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "villa"
},
"expansion": "villa",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "This word has also been spelled as <i class=\"Jpan mention\" lang=\"ja\">くだかけ</i> (kudakake). This word must have been a compound of <i class=\"Jpan mention\" lang=\"ja\">くた</i> (kuta/kuda) + <i class=\"Jpan mention\" lang=\"ja\">鶏</i> (kake, “chicken; rooster”).\nHowever, the initial kuta-/kuda- portion has been subject to debate. Several sources have attempted to give an etymology:\n# The Hikobae of 1847 and the Daigenkai derive kuta- as a word meaning 'stinky'.\n# The Kita-no-bezuihitsu, Meigentsū, and the Minakata-Kumakusu derive this from <i class=\"Jpan mention\" lang=\"ja\">百済鶏</i> (kudara-kake, literally “Baekje chicken”), saying that the chicken was imported from there.\n# The Wakun-no-Shiori derives kuta as an eastern word for \"house\". The same source also supposes a Sanskrit origin, transcribed as kukutaeshira, and also supposes it was derived from <i class=\"Jpan mention\" lang=\"ja\">管掛</i> (kuda-kake) from the way it has a good voice.\n# The Honchō Jigen derives this from kudo-kake, where kudo- means 'a passing sound' and -kake means 'to put on'.\n# The Myōgoki derives kuda- from <i class=\"Jpan mention\" lang=\"ja\">数連</i> (kazutsura), while -kake is an onomatopoeic sound.\nThe third etymology is the most likely, as this note appears in several manuscripts of The Tales of Ise, and Vovin (2021) identifies kuda- with Ainu <i class=\"Kana mention\" lang=\"ain\">コタン</i> (kotan, “village”) (c.f. English <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"en\">village</i> and <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"en\">villa</i>). He also identifies the poem in The Tales of Ise as being a hybrid Japanese-Ainu poem.",
"bg": "#FFFFFF",
"title": "Etymological details"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "collapse"
}
],
"etymology_text": "First attested in The Tales of Ise.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "鶏",
"ruby": [
[
"鶏",
"くたかけ"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "kutakake",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "くたかけ"
},
"expansion": "鶏(くたかけ) • (kutakake)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Japanese terms with archaic senses",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys"
],
"glosses": [
"a chicken (domesticated fowl)"
],
"links": [
[
"chicken",
"chicken"
],
[
"domesticate",
"domesticate#English"
],
[
"fowl",
"fowl#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(archaic) a chicken (domesticated fowl)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "臼辺鳥"
}
],
"tags": [
"archaic"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[kɯ̟ᵝta̠ka̠ke̞]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Daigenkai",
"Hikobae",
"Honchō Jigen",
"Jōdai Tokushu Kanazukai",
"Kita-no-bezuihitsu",
"Meigentsū",
"Minakata-Kumakusu",
"Myōgoki",
"The Tales of Ise",
"Wakun-no-Shiori"
],
"word": "鶏"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese single-kanji terms",
"Japanese terms spelled with secondary school kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with 鶏",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with multiple readings",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms written with one Han script character",
"ja:Fowls"
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "cock's false cry",
"roman": "tori no sorane",
"ruby": [
[
"鶏",
"とり"
],
[
"空",
"そら"
],
[
"音",
"ね"
]
],
"word": "鶏の空音"
},
{
"english": "cockscomb",
"roman": "tosaka",
"ruby": [
[
"鶏",
"と"
],
[
"冠",
"さか"
]
],
"word": "鶏冠"
}
],
"etymology_number": 4,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "鳥",
"3": "",
"4": "bird",
"tr": "tori"
},
"expansion": "鳥 (tori, “bird”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From 鳥 (tori, “bird”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "鶏",
"ruby": [
[
"鶏",
"とり"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "tori",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "とり"
},
"expansion": "鶏(とり) • (tori)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "(tori): a chicken (domesticated fowl); chicken meat",
"word": "鳥"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative spelling of 鳥 (tori): a chicken (domesticated fowl); chicken meat"
],
"links": [
[
"鳥",
"鳥#Japanese"
],
[
"chicken",
"chicken"
],
[
"domesticate",
"domesticate#English"
],
[
"fowl",
"fowl#English"
],
[
"meat",
"meat"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "とり"
},
{
"ipa": "[to̞ɾʲi]"
}
],
"word": "鶏"
}
{
"categories": [
"ja:Fowls"
],
"lang": "Translingual",
"lang_code": "mul",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Han char without four",
"Han script characters",
"Translingual entries with incorrect language header",
"Translingual lemmas",
"Translingual symbols",
"Translingual terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Translingual terms with redundant script codes"
],
"glosses": [
"鶏 (Kangxi radical 196, 鳥+8, 19 strokes, cangjie input 月人竹日火 (BOHAF), composition ⿰⿱爫夫鳥)"
],
"links": [
[
"Kangxi radical",
"Kangxi radical"
],
[
"爫",
"爫#Translingual"
],
[
"夫",
"夫#Translingual"
],
[
"鳥",
"鳥#Translingual"
]
],
"raw_tags": [
"han"
]
}
],
"word": "鶏"
}
{
"called_from": "parser/304",
"msg": "HTML tag <span> not properly closed",
"path": [
"鶏"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "鶏",
"trace": "started on line 2, detected on line 2"
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"鶏"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "鶏",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"鶏"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "鶏",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"鶏"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "鶏",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"鶏"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "鶏",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.