See 芥 on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for 芥 meaning in All languages combined (19.9kB)
{
"lang": "Translingual",
"lang_code": "mul",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Han char with multiple canj",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Translingual entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Translingual terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Translingual terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant script codes",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"芥 (Kangxi radical 140, 艸+4, 8 strokes in traditional Chinese and Korean, 7 strokes in mainland China and Japanese, cangjie input 廿人中中 (TOLL) or 難廿人中中 (XTOLL), four-corner 4422₈, composition ⿱艹介)"
],
"id": "en-芥-mul-character-FaC76Yrf",
"links": [
[
"Kangxi radical",
"Kangxi radical"
],
[
"艹",
"艹#Translingual"
],
[
"介",
"介#Translingual"
]
],
"raw_tags": [
"han"
]
}
],
"word": "芥"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "一芥"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "俛拾地芥"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "俯拾地芥"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "土芥"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "地芥"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "埃芥"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "chénjiè",
"word": "塵芥"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "chénjiè",
"word": "尘芥"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "塵芥蟲"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "尘芥虫"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "壤芥"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "大頭芥"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "大头芥"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "如拾地芥"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "山芥"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "引鍼拾芥"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "引针拾芥"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "拾地芥"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "拾芥"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "掌中芥"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "易如拾芥"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "橫芥"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "横芥"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "殺人如芥"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "杀人如芥"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "毛芥"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "毫芥"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "浮芥"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "石芥"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "視如土芥"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "视如土芥"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "視如草芥"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "视如草芥"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "視若草芥"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "视若草芥"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "纖芥"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "纤芥"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "纖芥不遺"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "纤芥不遗"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "纖芥無爽"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "纤芥无爽"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "腐芥"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "jièzǐ",
"word": "芥子"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "jièzǐ dúqì",
"word": "芥子毒氣"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "jièzǐ dúqì",
"word": "芥子毒气"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "芥子油"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "芥子須彌"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "芥子须弥"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "芥川賞"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "芥川赏"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "芥拾"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "芥拾青紫"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"english": "mustard",
"word": "芥末"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "芥視"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "芥视"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "芥羽"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "芥舟"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "芥菜"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "芥菜頭"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "芥菜头"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "jièdì",
"word": "芥蒂"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "芥蔕"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "芥蒂"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "芥藍"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "芥蓝"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "芥藍菜"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "芥蓝菜"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "芥蘭"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "芥兰"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "芥蠆"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "芥虿"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "芥辣"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "芥黃"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "芥黄"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "cǎojiè",
"word": "草芥"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "jīngjiè",
"word": "荊芥"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "jīngjiè",
"word": "荆芥"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "草芥人命"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "蒂芥"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "蔕芥"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "薹芥"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "蜀芥"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "蠆芥"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "虿芥"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "負芥"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "负芥"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "遺芥"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "遗芥"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "針芥"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "针芥"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "針芥之合"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "针芥之合"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "針芥之契"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "针芥之契"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "針芥之投"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "针芥之投"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "針芥相投"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "针芥相投"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "鍼芥相投"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "須彌芥子"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "须弥芥子"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tai-pro",
"2": "*kaːtᴰ",
"bor": "1",
"t": "mustard greens"
},
"expansion": "→ Proto-Tai: *kaːtᴰ (“mustard greens”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Proto-Tai: *kaːtᴰ (“mustard greens”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tai-swe-pro",
"2": "*kaːtᴰ",
"t": "mustard greens"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Southwestern Tai: *kaːtᴰ (“mustard greens”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Southwestern Tai: *kaːtᴰ (“mustard greens”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lo",
"2": "ກາດ"
},
"expansion": "Lao: ກາດ (kāt)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lao: ກາດ (kāt)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "shn",
"2": "ၵၢတ်ႇ"
},
"expansion": "Shan: ၵၢတ်ႇ (kàat)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Shan: ၵၢတ်ႇ (kàat)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "th",
"2": "กาด"
},
"expansion": "Thai: กาด (gàat)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Thai: กาด (gàat)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Schuessler (2007)"
},
"expansion": "Schuessler (2007)",
"name": "zh-ref"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "okm",
"2": "갓"
},
"expansion": "Middle Korean 갓 (kas)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tai-swe-pro",
"2": "*ka:tᴰ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Southwestern Tai *ka:tᴰ",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "th",
"2": "กาด"
},
"expansion": "Thai กาด (gàat)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lo",
"2": "ກາດ"
},
"expansion": "Lao ກາດ (kāt)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "shn",
"2": "ၵၢတ်ႇ"
},
"expansion": "Shan ၵၢတ်ႇ (kàat)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mkh-vie-pro",
"2": "*kaːs"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Vietic *kaːs",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "cải"
},
"expansion": "Vietnamese cải",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mtq",
"2": "cái"
},
"expansion": "Muong cái",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "thm",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Thavung",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tai-pro",
"2": "*ka:tᴰ"
},
"expansion": "*ka:tᴰ",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "The meaning \"mustard green\" is attested earliest in the Book of Rites; \"small grass\" in Zuo zhuan (Ai 1).\nSchuessler (2007) compares it to Middle Korean 갓 (kas), Proto-Southwestern Tai *ka:tᴰ (> Thai กาด (gàat), Lao ກາດ (kāt), Shan ၵၢတ်ႇ (kàat)), Proto-Vietic *kaːs (> Vietnamese cải, Muong cái, & Thavung kajh¹). However, all those foreign items might have been loaned from Late Old Chinese or Eastern Han Chinese (as proposed by Pittayaporn for *ka:tᴰ),",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "hanzi"
},
"expansion": "芥",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "99 0 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Mince was made in spring, with onions; in autumn, with the mustard plant.",
"ref": "膾：春用蔥，秋用芥。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]",
"text": "脍：春用葱，秋用芥。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]\nFrom: The Book of Rites, c. 4ᵗʰ – 2ⁿᵈ century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version\nKuài: chūn yòng cōng, qiū yòng jiè. [Pinyin]",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"mustard greens (Brassica juncea)"
],
"id": "en-芥-zh-character-ClrV1Ei0",
"links": [
[
"mustard greens",
"mustard greens"
],
[
"Brassica juncea",
"Brassica juncea#Translingual"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "I have heard that States flourish when they regard their people as if apprehensive of their receiving hurt:;`——that brings prosperity. States again perish when they treat their people as earth or grass; —that brings calamity.",
"ref": "臣聞：「國之興也，視民如傷，是其福也。其亡也，以民為土芥，是其禍也。」 [Classical Chinese, trad.]",
"text": "臣闻：「国之兴也，视民如伤，是其福也。其亡也，以民为土芥，是其祸也。」 [Classical Chinese, simp.]\nFrom: Commentary of Zuo, c. 4ᵗʰ century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version\nChén wén: “Guó zhī xìng yě, shì mín rú shāng, shì qí fú yě. Qí wáng yě, yǐ mín wèi tǔjiè, shì qí huò yě.” [Pinyin]",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "When the prince regards his ministers as earth or as grass, they regard him as a robber and an enemy.",
"ref": "君之視臣如土芥，則臣視君如寇讎 [Classical Chinese, trad.]",
"text": "君之视臣如土芥，则臣视君如寇雠 [Classical Chinese, simp.]\nFrom: Mencius, c. 4ᵗʰ century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version\njūn zhī shì chén rú tǔjiè, zé chén shì jūn rú kòuchóu [Pinyin]",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "Tip water from a cup into a cavity, and a leaf of grass will float on it like were a boat.",
"ref": "覆杯水於坳堂之上，則芥為之舟。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]",
"text": "覆杯水于坳堂之上，则芥为之舟。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]\nFrom: Zhuangzi, circa 3ʳᵈ – 2ⁿᵈ centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version\nFù bēi shuǐ yú àotáng zhī shàng, zé jiè wéi zhī zhōu. [Pinyin]",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"small grass"
],
"id": "en-芥-zh-character-dehwBgyd",
"links": [
[
"small",
"small"
],
[
"grass",
"grass"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(literary) small grass"
],
"tags": [
"literary"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"triviality"
],
"id": "en-芥-zh-character-uizPFEgL",
"links": [
[
"triviality",
"triviality"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(literary, figurative) triviality"
],
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"literary"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "jiè"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "gài"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "jie⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "gai⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄐㄧㄝˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄍㄞˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Chengdu",
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin",
"Sichuanese"
],
"zh-pron": "jiai⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong-Kong",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "gaai³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Taishan",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "gai¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gan",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "gai⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"PFS",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "kie"
},
{
"tags": [
"Guangdong",
"Hakka",
"Meixian"
],
"zh-pron": "giai⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Jin",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "jie³"
},
{
"zh-pron": "guo̿i"
},
{
"zh-pron": "gái"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "kòa"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "kè"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "kài"
},
{
"tags": [
"Peng'im",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "gai³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Peng'im",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "kah⁴"
},
{
"zh-pron": "¹ka"
},
{
"zh-pron": "gai⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "jiè"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄐㄧㄝˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "jiè"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "chieh⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "jyè"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "jieh"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "цзе"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "cze"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡ɕi̯ɛ⁵¹/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "gài"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄍㄞˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "gài"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "kai⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "gài"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "gay"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "гай"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "gaj"
},
{
"ipa": "/kaɪ̯⁵¹/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Chengdu",
"Latinxua-Sin-Wenz",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "giai"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡ɕiɛi²¹³/",
"tags": [
"Chengdu",
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "gaai³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "gaai"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "gaai³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "gai³"
},
{
"ipa": "/kaːi̯³³/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Taicheng",
"Taishanese",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "gai¹"
},
{
"ipa": "/kai³³/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Taicheng",
"Taishanese"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Gan",
"Nanchang",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "gai⁴"
},
{
"ipa": "/kai³⁵/",
"tags": [
"Gan",
"Nanchang",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "kie"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "gie"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hagfa-Pinyim",
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "gie⁴"
},
{
"ipa": "/ki̯e⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Sixian"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kiaɪ⁵³/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meixian",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Jin",
"Taiyuan",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "jie³"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡ɕie⁴⁵/",
"tags": [
"Jin",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Taiyuan"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Jian'ou",
"Kienning-Colloquial-Romanized"
],
"zh-pron": "guo̿i"
},
{
"ipa": "/kuɛ³³/",
"tags": [
"Jian'ou",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Foochow-Romanized",
"Fuzhou"
],
"zh-pron": "gái"
},
{
"ipa": "/kɑi²¹³/",
"tags": [
"Fuzhou",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "kuà"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "kè"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "kài"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "koax"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "kex"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "kaix"
},
{
"ipa": "/kua²¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ke²¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kai²¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kua⁴¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ke⁴¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kai⁴¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kua²¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ke²¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kai²¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kua¹¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ke¹¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kai¹¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kua²¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ke²¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kai²¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"POJ",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "kài"
},
{
"tags": [
"POJ",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "khah"
},
{
"ipa": "/kai²¹³/",
"tags": [
"Sinological-IPA",
"Teochew"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰaʔ²/",
"tags": [
"Sinological-IPA",
"Teochew"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "¹ka"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "ka^平"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "/ka⁵³/"
},
{
"tags": [
"Changsha",
"Wiktionary-specific",
"Xiang"
],
"zh-pron": "gai⁴"
},
{
"ipa": "/kai̯⁴⁵/",
"tags": [
"Changsha",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Xiang"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Middle-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "keajH"
},
{
"tags": [
"Baxter-Sagart",
"Old-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "/*kˤr[e][t]-s/"
},
{
"tags": [
"Old-Chinese",
"Zhengzhang"
],
"zh-pron": "/*kreːds/"
},
{
"other": "/ kè /"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡ɕi̯ɛ⁵¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kaɪ̯⁵¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡ɕiɛi²¹³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kaːi̯³³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kai³³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kai³⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ki̯e⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kiaɪ⁵³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡ɕie⁴⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kuɛ³³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kɑi²¹³/"
},
{
"other": "/ kè /"
},
{
"ipa": "/kua²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ke²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kai²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kua⁴¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ke⁴¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kai⁴¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kua²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ke²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kai²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kua¹¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ke¹¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kai¹¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kua²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ke²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kai²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kai²¹³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰaʔ²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ka⁵³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kai̯⁴⁵/"
},
{
"other": "[e]"
},
{
"other": "[t]"
},
{
"other": "/*kreːds/"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Book of Rites",
"Eastern Han Chinese",
"Zuo zhuan"
],
"word": "芥"
}
{
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "47 53",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Kanji used for names",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"mustard"
],
"id": "en-芥-ja-character-NStbZpnY",
"links": [
[
"mustard",
"mustard"
]
],
"tags": [
"Jinmeiyō",
"kanji"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 100",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 100",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "47 53",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Kanji used for names",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"rubbish, trash, dust"
],
"id": "en-芥-ja-character-taYcY07T",
"links": [
[
"rubbish",
"rubbish"
],
[
"trash",
"trash"
],
[
"dust",
"dust"
]
],
"tags": [
"Jinmeiyō",
"kanji"
]
}
],
"word": "芥"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "gae",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "개",
"tags": [
"hangeul"
]
},
{
"form": "gae",
"tags": [
"revised"
]
},
{
"form": "kae",
"tags": [
"McCune-Reischauer"
]
},
{
"form": "kay",
"tags": [
"Yale"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ko",
"2": "Han characters",
"sc": "Kore",
"sort": "개",
"tr": "gae"
},
"expansion": "芥 • (gae)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"eumhun": "",
"hangeul": "개",
"mr": "kae",
"rv": "gae",
"y": "kay"
},
"expansion": "芥 • (gae) (hangeul 개, revised gae, McCune–Reischauer kae, Yale kay)",
"name": "ko-hanja"
}
],
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Korean entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Korean terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Korean terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant script codes",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"id": "en-芥-ko-character-47DEQpj8",
"raw_tags": [
"Hanja"
],
"tags": [
"no-gloss"
]
}
],
"word": "芥"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "giới",
"tags": [
"Hán-Nôm"
]
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"id": "en-芥-vi-character-47DEQpj8",
"raw_tags": [
"han"
],
"tags": [
"no-gloss"
]
}
],
"word": "芥"
}
{
"categories": [
"Chinese Han characters",
"Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"Chinese lemmas",
"Chinese nouns",
"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Eastern Min lemmas",
"Eastern Min nouns",
"Middle Chinese lemmas",
"Northern Min lemmas",
"Northern Min nouns",
"Old Chinese lemmas"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "一芥"
},
{
"word": "俛拾地芥"
},
{
"word": "俯拾地芥"
},
{
"word": "土芥"
},
{
"word": "地芥"
},
{
"word": "埃芥"
},
{
"roman": "chénjiè",
"word": "塵芥"
},
{
"roman": "chénjiè",
"word": "尘芥"
},
{
"word": "塵芥蟲"
},
{
"word": "尘芥虫"
},
{
"word": "壤芥"
},
{
"word": "大頭芥"
},
{
"word": "大头芥"
},
{
"word": "如拾地芥"
},
{
"word": "山芥"
},
{
"word": "引鍼拾芥"
},
{
"word": "引针拾芥"
},
{
"word": "拾地芥"
},
{
"word": "拾芥"
},
{
"word": "掌中芥"
},
{
"word": "易如拾芥"
},
{
"word": "橫芥"
},
{
"word": "横芥"
},
{
"word": "殺人如芥"
},
{
"word": "杀人如芥"
},
{
"word": "毛芥"
},
{
"word": "毫芥"
},
{
"word": "浮芥"
},
{
"word": "石芥"
},
{
"word": "視如土芥"
},
{
"word": "视如土芥"
},
{
"word": "視如草芥"
},
{
"word": "视如草芥"
},
{
"word": "視若草芥"
},
{
"word": "视若草芥"
},
{
"word": "纖芥"
},
{
"word": "纤芥"
},
{
"word": "纖芥不遺"
},
{
"word": "纤芥不遗"
},
{
"word": "纖芥無爽"
},
{
"word": "纤芥无爽"
},
{
"word": "腐芥"
},
{
"roman": "jièzǐ",
"word": "芥子"
},
{
"roman": "jièzǐ dúqì",
"word": "芥子毒氣"
},
{
"roman": "jièzǐ dúqì",
"word": "芥子毒气"
},
{
"word": "芥子油"
},
{
"word": "芥子須彌"
},
{
"word": "芥子须弥"
},
{
"word": "芥川賞"
},
{
"word": "芥川赏"
},
{
"word": "芥拾"
},
{
"word": "芥拾青紫"
},
{
"english": "mustard",
"word": "芥末"
},
{
"word": "芥視"
},
{
"word": "芥视"
},
{
"word": "芥羽"
},
{
"word": "芥舟"
},
{
"word": "芥菜"
},
{
"word": "芥菜頭"
},
{
"word": "芥菜头"
},
{
"roman": "jièdì",
"word": "芥蒂"
},
{
"word": "芥蔕"
},
{
"word": "芥蒂"
},
{
"word": "芥藍"
},
{
"word": "芥蓝"
},
{
"word": "芥藍菜"
},
{
"word": "芥蓝菜"
},
{
"word": "芥蘭"
},
{
"word": "芥兰"
},
{
"word": "芥蠆"
},
{
"word": "芥虿"
},
{
"word": "芥辣"
},
{
"word": "芥黃"
},
{
"word": "芥黄"
},
{
"roman": "cǎojiè",
"word": "草芥"
},
{
"roman": "jīngjiè",
"word": "荊芥"
},
{
"roman": "jīngjiè",
"word": "荆芥"
},
{
"word": "草芥人命"
},
{
"word": "蒂芥"
},
{
"word": "蔕芥"
},
{
"word": "薹芥"
},
{
"word": "蜀芥"
},
{
"word": "蠆芥"
},
{
"word": "虿芥"
},
{
"word": "負芥"
},
{
"word": "负芥"
},
{
"word": "遺芥"
},
{
"word": "遗芥"
},
{
"word": "針芥"
},
{
"word": "针芥"
},
{
"word": "針芥之合"
},
{
"word": "针芥之合"
},
{
"word": "針芥之契"
},
{
"word": "针芥之契"
},
{
"word": "針芥之投"
},
{
"word": "针芥之投"
},
{
"word": "針芥相投"
},
{
"word": "针芥相投"
},
{
"word": "鍼芥相投"
},
{
"word": "須彌芥子"
},
{
"word": "须弥芥子"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tai-pro",
"2": "*kaːtᴰ",
"bor": "1",
"t": "mustard greens"
},
"expansion": "→ Proto-Tai: *kaːtᴰ (“mustard greens”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Proto-Tai: *kaːtᴰ (“mustard greens”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tai-swe-pro",
"2": "*kaːtᴰ",
"t": "mustard greens"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Southwestern Tai: *kaːtᴰ (“mustard greens”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Southwestern Tai: *kaːtᴰ (“mustard greens”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lo",
"2": "ກາດ"
},
"expansion": "Lao: ກາດ (kāt)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lao: ກາດ (kāt)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "shn",
"2": "ၵၢတ်ႇ"
},
"expansion": "Shan: ၵၢတ်ႇ (kàat)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Shan: ၵၢတ်ႇ (kàat)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "th",
"2": "กาด"
},
"expansion": "Thai: กาด (gàat)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Thai: กาด (gàat)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Schuessler (2007)"
},
"expansion": "Schuessler (2007)",
"name": "zh-ref"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "okm",
"2": "갓"
},
"expansion": "Middle Korean 갓 (kas)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tai-swe-pro",
"2": "*ka:tᴰ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Southwestern Tai *ka:tᴰ",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "th",
"2": "กาด"
},
"expansion": "Thai กาด (gàat)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lo",
"2": "ກາດ"
},
"expansion": "Lao ກາດ (kāt)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "shn",
"2": "ၵၢတ်ႇ"
},
"expansion": "Shan ၵၢတ်ႇ (kàat)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mkh-vie-pro",
"2": "*kaːs"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Vietic *kaːs",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "cải"
},
"expansion": "Vietnamese cải",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mtq",
"2": "cái"
},
"expansion": "Muong cái",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "thm",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Thavung",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tai-pro",
"2": "*ka:tᴰ"
},
"expansion": "*ka:tᴰ",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "The meaning \"mustard green\" is attested earliest in the Book of Rites; \"small grass\" in Zuo zhuan (Ai 1).\nSchuessler (2007) compares it to Middle Korean 갓 (kas), Proto-Southwestern Tai *ka:tᴰ (> Thai กาด (gàat), Lao ກາດ (kāt), Shan ၵၢတ်ႇ (kàat)), Proto-Vietic *kaːs (> Vietnamese cải, Muong cái, & Thavung kajh¹). However, all those foreign items might have been loaned from Late Old Chinese or Eastern Han Chinese (as proposed by Pittayaporn for *ka:tᴰ),",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "hanzi"
},
"expansion": "芥",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Literary Chinese terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Mince was made in spring, with onions; in autumn, with the mustard plant.",
"ref": "膾：春用蔥，秋用芥。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]",
"text": "脍：春用葱，秋用芥。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]\nFrom: The Book of Rites, c. 4ᵗʰ – 2ⁿᵈ century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version\nKuài: chūn yòng cōng, qiū yòng jiè. [Pinyin]",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"mustard greens (Brassica juncea)"
],
"links": [
[
"mustard greens",
"mustard greens"
],
[
"Brassica juncea",
"Brassica juncea#Translingual"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Chinese literary terms",
"Literary Chinese terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "I have heard that States flourish when they regard their people as if apprehensive of their receiving hurt:;`——that brings prosperity. States again perish when they treat their people as earth or grass; —that brings calamity.",
"ref": "臣聞：「國之興也，視民如傷，是其福也。其亡也，以民為土芥，是其禍也。」 [Classical Chinese, trad.]",
"text": "臣闻：「国之兴也，视民如伤，是其福也。其亡也，以民为土芥，是其祸也。」 [Classical Chinese, simp.]\nFrom: Commentary of Zuo, c. 4ᵗʰ century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version\nChén wén: “Guó zhī xìng yě, shì mín rú shāng, shì qí fú yě. Qí wáng yě, yǐ mín wèi tǔjiè, shì qí huò yě.” [Pinyin]",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "When the prince regards his ministers as earth or as grass, they regard him as a robber and an enemy.",
"ref": "君之視臣如土芥，則臣視君如寇讎 [Classical Chinese, trad.]",
"text": "君之视臣如土芥，则臣视君如寇雠 [Classical Chinese, simp.]\nFrom: Mencius, c. 4ᵗʰ century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version\njūn zhī shì chén rú tǔjiè, zé chén shì jūn rú kòuchóu [Pinyin]",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "Tip water from a cup into a cavity, and a leaf of grass will float on it like were a boat.",
"ref": "覆杯水於坳堂之上，則芥為之舟。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]",
"text": "覆杯水于坳堂之上，则芥为之舟。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]\nFrom: Zhuangzi, circa 3ʳᵈ – 2ⁿᵈ centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version\nFù bēi shuǐ yú àotáng zhī shàng, zé jiè wéi zhī zhōu. [Pinyin]",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"small grass"
],
"links": [
[
"small",
"small"
],
[
"grass",
"grass"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(literary) small grass"
],
"tags": [
"literary"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Chinese literary terms"
],
"glosses": [
"triviality"
],
"links": [
[
"triviality",
"triviality"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(literary, figurative) triviality"
],
"tags": [
"figuratively",
"literary"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "jiè"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "gài"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "jie⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "gai⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄐㄧㄝˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo",
"standard"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄍㄞˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Chengdu",
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin",
"Sichuanese"
],
"zh-pron": "jiai⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangzhou",
"Hong-Kong",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "gaai³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Taishan",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "gai¹"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gan",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "gai⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"PFS",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "kie"
},
{
"tags": [
"Guangdong",
"Hakka",
"Meixian"
],
"zh-pron": "giai⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Jin",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "jie³"
},
{
"zh-pron": "guo̿i"
},
{
"zh-pron": "gái"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "kòa"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "kè"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "kài"
},
{
"tags": [
"Peng'im",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "gai³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Peng'im",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "kah⁴"
},
{
"zh-pron": "¹ka"
},
{
"zh-pron": "gai⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "jiè"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄐㄧㄝˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "jiè"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "chieh⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "jyè"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "jieh"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "цзе"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "cze"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡ɕi̯ɛ⁵¹/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "gài"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄍㄞˋ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "gài"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "kai⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "gài"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "gay"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "гай"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "gaj"
},
{
"ipa": "/kaɪ̯⁵¹/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Chengdu",
"Latinxua-Sin-Wenz",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "giai"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡ɕiɛi²¹³/",
"tags": [
"Chengdu",
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "gaai³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "gaai"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "gaai³"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "gai³"
},
{
"ipa": "/kaːi̯³³/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Taicheng",
"Taishanese",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "gai¹"
},
{
"ipa": "/kai³³/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Taicheng",
"Taishanese"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Gan",
"Nanchang",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "gai⁴"
},
{
"ipa": "/kai³⁵/",
"tags": [
"Gan",
"Nanchang",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Phak-fa-su",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "kie"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Hakka-Romanization-System",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "gie"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hagfa-Pinyim",
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sixian"
],
"zh-pron": "gie⁴"
},
{
"ipa": "/ki̯e⁵⁵/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meinong",
"Miaoli",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Sixian"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kiaɪ⁵³/",
"tags": [
"Hakka",
"Meixian",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Jin",
"Taiyuan",
"Wiktionary-specific"
],
"zh-pron": "jie³"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡ɕie⁴⁵/",
"tags": [
"Jin",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Taiyuan"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Jian'ou",
"Kienning-Colloquial-Romanized"
],
"zh-pron": "guo̿i"
},
{
"ipa": "/kuɛ³³/",
"tags": [
"Jian'ou",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Foochow-Romanized",
"Fuzhou"
],
"zh-pron": "gái"
},
{
"ipa": "/kɑi²¹³/",
"tags": [
"Fuzhou",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "kuà"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "kè"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "kài"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "koax"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "kex"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "kaix"
},
{
"ipa": "/kua²¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ke²¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kai²¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kua⁴¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ke⁴¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kai⁴¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kua²¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ke²¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kai²¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kua¹¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ke¹¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kai¹¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kua²¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ke²¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kai²¹/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"POJ",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "kài"
},
{
"tags": [
"POJ",
"Teochew"
],
"zh-pron": "khah"
},
{
"ipa": "/kai²¹³/",
"tags": [
"Sinological-IPA",
"Teochew"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰaʔ²/",
"tags": [
"Sinological-IPA",
"Teochew"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "¹ka"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "ka^平"
},
{
"tags": [
"Wu"
],
"zh-pron": "/ka⁵³/"
},
{
"tags": [
"Changsha",
"Wiktionary-specific",
"Xiang"
],
"zh-pron": "gai⁴"
},
{
"ipa": "/kai̯⁴⁵/",
"tags": [
"Changsha",
"Sinological-IPA",
"Xiang"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Middle-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "keajH"
},
{
"tags": [
"Baxter-Sagart",
"Old-Chinese"
],
"zh-pron": "/*kˤr[e][t]-s/"
},
{
"tags": [
"Old-Chinese",
"Zhengzhang"
],
"zh-pron": "/*kreːds/"
},
{
"other": "/ kè /"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡ɕi̯ɛ⁵¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kaɪ̯⁵¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡ɕiɛi²¹³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kaːi̯³³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kai³³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kai³⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ki̯e⁵⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kiaɪ⁵³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡ɕie⁴⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kuɛ³³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kɑi²¹³/"
},
{
"other": "/ kè /"
},
{
"ipa": "/kua²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ke²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kai²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kua⁴¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ke⁴¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kai⁴¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kua²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ke²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kai²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kua¹¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ke¹¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kai¹¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kua²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ke²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kai²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kai²¹³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kʰaʔ²/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ka⁵³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/kai̯⁴⁵/"
},
{
"other": "[e]"
},
{
"other": "[t]"
},
{
"other": "/*kreːds/"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Book of Rites",
"Eastern Han Chinese",
"Zuo zhuan"
],
"word": "芥"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese Han characters",
"Japanese kanji with goon reading け",
"Japanese kanji with kan'on reading かい",
"Japanese kanji with kun reading あくた",
"Japanese kanji with kun reading からし",
"Japanese kanji with kun reading ごみ",
"Japanese terms spelled with 芥",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Japanese terms with redundant transliterations",
"Kanji used for names"
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"mustard"
],
"links": [
[
"mustard",
"mustard"
]
],
"tags": [
"Jinmeiyō",
"kanji"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"rubbish, trash, dust"
],
"links": [
[
"rubbish",
"rubbish"
],
[
"trash",
"trash"
],
[
"dust",
"dust"
]
],
"tags": [
"Jinmeiyō",
"kanji"
]
}
],
"word": "芥"
}
{
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "soft-redirect",
"redirects": [
"芥子"
],
"word": "芥"
}
{
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "soft-redirect",
"redirects": [
"あくた"
],
"word": "芥"
}
{
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "soft-redirect",
"redirects": [
"ゴミ"
],
"word": "芥"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "gae",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "개",
"tags": [
"hangeul"
]
},
{
"form": "gae",
"tags": [
"revised"
]
},
{
"form": "kae",
"tags": [
"McCune-Reischauer"
]
},
{
"form": "kay",
"tags": [
"Yale"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ko",
"2": "Han characters",
"sc": "Kore",
"sort": "개",
"tr": "gae"
},
"expansion": "芥 • (gae)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"eumhun": "",
"hangeul": "개",
"mr": "kae",
"rv": "gae",
"y": "kay"
},
"expansion": "芥 • (gae) (hangeul 개, revised gae, McCune–Reischauer kae, Yale kay)",
"name": "ko-hanja"
}
],
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Korean Han characters",
"Korean entries with incorrect language header",
"Korean lemmas",
"Korean terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Korean terms with redundant script codes"
],
"raw_tags": [
"Hanja"
],
"tags": [
"no-gloss"
]
}
],
"word": "芥"
}
{
"lang": "Translingual",
"lang_code": "mul",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Han char with multiple canj",
"Han script characters",
"Translingual entries with incorrect language header",
"Translingual lemmas",
"Translingual symbols",
"Translingual terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Translingual terms with redundant script codes"
],
"glosses": [
"芥 (Kangxi radical 140, 艸+4, 8 strokes in traditional Chinese and Korean, 7 strokes in mainland China and Japanese, cangjie input 廿人中中 (TOLL) or 難廿人中中 (XTOLL), four-corner 4422₈, composition ⿱艹介)"
],
"links": [
[
"Kangxi radical",
"Kangxi radical"
],
[
"艹",
"艹#Translingual"
],
[
"介",
"介#Translingual"
]
],
"raw_tags": [
"han"
]
}
],
"word": "芥"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "giới",
"tags": [
"Hán-Nôm"
]
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "character",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Vietnamese Han characters",
"Vietnamese Han characters with unconfirmed readings",
"Vietnamese lemmas"
],
"raw_tags": [
"han"
],
"tags": [
"no-gloss"
]
}
],
"word": "芥"
}
{
"called_from": "parser/304",
"msg": "HTML tag <ul> not properly closed",
"path": [
"芥"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "芥",
"trace": "started on line 103, detected on line 113"
}
{
"called_from": "parser/304",
"msg": "HTML tag <ul> not properly closed",
"path": [
"芥"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "芥",
"trace": "started on line 96, detected on line 113"
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai)'",
"path": [
"芥"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "芥",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Eastern Min'",
"path": [
"芥"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "芥",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺'",
"path": [
"芥"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "芥",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Northern Min'",
"path": [
"芥"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "芥",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Shanghai):'",
"path": [
"芥"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "芥",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary)'",
"path": [
"芥"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "芥",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Wugniu'",
"path": [
"芥"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "芥",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'MiniDict'",
"path": [
"芥"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "芥",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Southern Min'",
"path": [
"芥"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "芥",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Chinese)⁺'",
"path": [
"芥"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "芥",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Northern Min (KCR)'",
"path": [
"芥"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "芥",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Wu (Wugniu)'",
"path": [
"芥"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "芥",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Eastern Min (BUC)'",
"path": [
"芥"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "芥",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Northern)'",
"path": [
"芥"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "芥",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Sinological IPA (Shanghai)'",
"path": [
"芥"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "芥",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425",
"msg": "芥/Japanese/soft-redirect: missing \"senses\" in data (must have at least one sense, add empty sense with \"no-gloss\" tag if none otherwise available): {\"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"lang_code\": \"ja\", \"pos\": \"soft-redirect\", \"redirects\": [\"芥子\"], \"word\": \"芥\"}",
"path": [],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "soft-redirect",
"title": "芥",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425",
"msg": "芥/Japanese/soft-redirect: missing \"senses\" in data (must have at least one sense, add empty sense with \"no-gloss\" tag if none otherwise available): {\"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"lang_code\": \"ja\", \"pos\": \"soft-redirect\", \"redirects\": [\"あくた\"], \"word\": \"芥\"}",
"path": [],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "soft-redirect",
"title": "芥",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "wiktionary/179/20240425",
"msg": "芥/Japanese/soft-redirect: missing \"senses\" in data (must have at least one sense, add empty sense with \"no-gloss\" tag if none otherwise available): {\"lang\": \"Japanese\", \"lang_code\": \"ja\", \"pos\": \"soft-redirect\", \"redirects\": [\"ゴミ\"], \"word\": \"芥\"}",
"path": [],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "soft-redirect",
"title": "芥",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.