"南京" meaning in All languages combined

See 南京 on Wiktionary

Proper name [Chinese]

IPA: /nän³⁵ t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵/ [Mandarin, Sinological-IPA], /naːm²¹ kɪŋ⁵⁵/ [Cantonese, Sinological-IPA], /ⁿdam²² ken³³/ [Cantonese, Sinological-IPA, Taicheng, Taishanese], /nam¹¹ kin²⁴/ [Hakka, Meinong, Miaoli, Sinological-IPA, Sixian], /nam¹¹ kin⁴⁴/ [Hakka, Meixian, Sinological-IPA], /nˡaŋ⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋiŋ⁵⁵/ [Fuzhou, Sinological-IPA], /lam²⁴⁻²² kiã⁴⁴/ [Hokkien, Xiamen], /lam²⁴⁻²² kiã³³/ [Hokkien, Quanzhou], /lam¹³⁻²² kiã⁴⁴/ [Hokkien, Zhangzhou], /lam²⁴⁻¹¹ kiã⁴⁴/ [Hokkien, Taipei], /lam²³⁻³³ kiã⁴⁴/ [Hokkien, Kaohsiung], /lam⁵⁵⁻¹¹ kĩã³³/ [Sinological-IPA, Teochew], /nän³⁵ t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵/, /naːm²¹ kɪŋ⁵⁵/, /ⁿdam²² ken³³/, /nam¹¹ kin²⁴/, /nam¹¹ kin⁴⁴/, /nˡaŋ⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋiŋ⁵⁵/, /lam²⁴⁻²² kiã⁴⁴/, /lam²⁴⁻²² kiã³³/, /lam¹³⁻²² kiã⁴⁴/, /lam²⁴⁻¹¹ kiã⁴⁴/, /lam²³⁻³³ kiã⁴⁴/, /lam⁵⁵⁻¹¹ kĩã³³/, /nø²² t͡ɕin⁴⁴/ Chinese transliterations: Nánjīng [Mandarin, Pinyin], ㄋㄢˊ ㄐㄧㄥ [Mandarin, bopomofo], naam⁴ ging¹ [Cantonese, Guangzhou, Hong-Kong, Jyutping], nam³ gen¹ [Cantonese, Taishan, Wiktionary-specific], Nàm-kîn [Hakka, PFS, Sixian], nam² gin¹ [Guangdong, Hakka, Meixian], Nàng-gĭng, Lâm-kiaⁿ [Hokkien, POJ], lam⁵ gian¹ [Peng'im, Teochew], ⁶noe-cin, Nánjīng [Hanyu-Pinyin, Mandarin], Nánjing [Mandarin, Tongyong-Pinyin], Nan²-ching¹ [Mandarin, Wade-Giles], Nán-jīng [Mandarin, Yale], Nanjing [Gwoyeu-Romatsyh, Mandarin], Наньцзин [Mandarin, Palladius], Nanʹczin [Mandarin, Palladius], naam⁴ ging¹ [Cantonese, Jyutping], nàahm gīng [Cantonese, Yale], naam⁴ ging¹ [Cantonese, Pinyin], nam⁴ ging¹ [Cantonese, Guangdong-Romanization], nam³ gen¹ [Cantonese, Taicheng, Taishanese, Wiktionary-specific], Nàm-kîn [Hakka, Meinong, Miaoli, Phak-fa-su, Sixian], namˇ gin´ [Hakka, Hakka-Romanization-System, Meinong, Miaoli, Sixian], nam² gin¹ [Hagfa-Pinyim, Hakka, Meinong, Miaoli, Sixian], Nàng-gĭng [Foochow-Romanized, Fuzhou], Lâm-kiann [Hokkien, Tai-lo], lamkviaf [Hokkien, Phofsit-Daibuun], lâm kiaⁿ [POJ, Teochew], ⁶noe-cin [Wu], noe^去 cin [Wu], ³noe-jin [Wu], /nø²² t͡ɕin⁴⁴/ [Wu], nom kjaeng [Middle-Chinese]
Head templates: {{head|zh|proper noun}} 南京
  1. (~市) Nanjing (a subprovincial city, the provincial capital of Jiangsu, China) Categories (place): Cities in China, Cities in Jiangsu, Nanjing, Places in China, Places in Jiangsu Synonyms (chiefly literary or poetic): 金陵 (Jīnlíng) Derived forms: 南京大屠殺 (Nánjīng Dàtúshā), 南京大屠杀 (Nánjīng Dàtúshā), 南京條約, 南京条约, 南京話 (Nánjīnghuà), 南京话 (Nánjīnghuà)
    Sense id: en-南京-zh-name-QGeBQf~v Categories (other): Chinese entries with incorrect language header, Provincial capitals of China

Proper name [Japanese]

IPA: [nã̠ŋʲkʲĩɴ] Forms: 南京 [canonical] (ruby: (なん), (きん)), 南京 [canonical] (ruby: 南京(ナンキン)), Nankin [romanization]
Etymology: From Middle Chinese 南 (MC nom) + 京 (MC kjaeng). Etymology templates: {{bor|ja|ltc|-}} Middle Chinese, {{ltc-l|南}} 南 (MC nom), {{ltc-l|京}} 京 (MC kjaeng) Head templates: {{ja-pos|proper|なんきん|ナンキン}} 南(なん)京(きん) or 南京(ナンキン) • (Nankin)
  1. Nanjing (a major city, the provincial capital of Jiangsu, China) Categories (place): Cities in China, Cities in Jiangsu, Nanjing, Places in China, Places in Jiangsu Categories (lifeform): Gourd family plants, Vegetables Synonyms: 金陵 Derived forms: 南京錠 (Nankinjō) (ruby: (なん), (きん), (じょう)) (english: padlock), 南京虫 (Nankinmushi) (ruby: (なん), (きん), (むし)) (english: bedbug), 南京豆 (Nankinmame) (ruby: (なん), (きん), (まめ)) (english: peanut) Related terms: 北京 (Pekin) (ruby: (), (キン)), 東京 (Tonkin) (ruby: (トン), (キン)), 東京 (Tōkyō) (ruby: (とう), (きょう))
    Sense id: en-南京-ja-name-hF8KNIG8 Disambiguation of Gourd family plants: 58 18 23 Disambiguation of Vegetables: 72 7 21 Categories (other): Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys, Provincial capitals of China, Japanese entries with incorrect language header, Japanese links with redundant alt parameters, Japanese links with redundant wikilinks, Japanese terms with multiple readings, Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys, Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys Disambiguation of Japanese entries with incorrect language header: 80 1 19 Disambiguation of Japanese links with redundant alt parameters: 77 4 19 Disambiguation of Japanese links with redundant wikilinks: 77 4 19 Disambiguation of Japanese terms with multiple readings: 74 3 23 Disambiguation of Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys: 78 4 19 Disambiguation of Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys: 96 4
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 1

Noun [Japanese]

IPA: [nã̠ŋʲkʲĩɴ] Forms: 南京 [canonical] (ruby: (なん), (きん)), nankin [romanization]
Etymology: From Middle Chinese 南 (MC nom) + 京 (MC kjaeng). Etymology templates: {{bor|ja|ltc|-}} Middle Chinese, {{ltc-l|南}} 南 (MC nom), {{ltc-l|京}} 京 (MC kjaeng) Head templates: {{ja-noun|なんきん}} 南(なん)京(きん) • (nankin)
  1. pumpkin, squash Synonyms (pumpkin): 南瓜 (kabocha) [squash, ball-games, games, sports, hobbies, lifestyle], 唐茄子 (tōnasu) [squash, ball-games, games, sports, hobbies, lifestyle]
    Sense id: en-南京-ja-noun-oNwiqeBS
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 1

Noun [Japanese]

IPA: [nã̠ŋʲkʲo̞ː] Forms: 南京 [canonical] (ruby: (なん), (きょう)), nankyō [romanization], nankyau [romanization], なんきやう [hiragana, historical]
Head templates: {{ja-noun|なんきょう|hhira=なんきやう}} 南(なん)京(きょう) • (nankyō) ^(←なんきやう (nankyau)?)
  1. a southern capital (formerly used to refer to the city of Nara)
    Sense id: en-南京-ja-noun-ZOiGGpwt
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 2

Proper name [Korean]

Forms: Namgyeong [romanization], 남경 [hangeul]
  1. Hanja form of 남경 (“alternative name of Nanjing”). Tags: alt-of, hanja Alternative form of: 남경 (extra: alternative name of Nanjing)

Proper name [Vietnamese]

Head templates: {{head|vi|proper noun|head=|tr=}} 南京, {{vi-proper noun|sc=Hani}} 南京
  1. chữ Hán form of Nam Kinh (“Nanjing”).
    Sense id: en-南京-vi-name-FXNp2oY~ Categories (other): Vietnamese Chữ Hán, Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header

Alternative forms

Download JSON data for 南京 meaning in All languages combined (17.0kB)

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 0,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "zh",
            "2": "南京"
          },
          "expansion": "南京",
          "name": "lang"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ja",
            "2": "-",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Japanese:",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "南京",
            "2": "なんきん",
            "gloss": ""
          },
          "expansion": "南京(なんきん) (nankin)",
          "name": "ja-r"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ko",
            "2": "남경(南京)",
            "3": "",
            "4": "",
            "5": "",
            "bor": "1",
            "t": "",
            "t2": "",
            "t3": "",
            "t4": ""
          },
          "expansion": "→ Korean: 남경(南京) (namgyeong)",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "vi",
            "2": "南京",
            "sc": "Hani"
          },
          "expansion": "南京",
          "name": "l"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "vi",
            "2": "Nam Kinh",
            "bor": "1",
            "t": "",
            "tr": "南京"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Vietnamese: Nam Kinh (南京)",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "南京",
            "2": "なんきん",
            "3": "남경",
            "4": "Nam Kinh",
            "5": "",
            "6": "",
            "h": "南京",
            "j2": "",
            "j2t": "",
            "j3": "",
            "j3t": "",
            "j4": "",
            "j4t": "",
            "jdesc": "",
            "jje2": "",
            "jje2t": "",
            "jje3": "",
            "jje3t": "",
            "jje4": "",
            "jje4t": "",
            "jjedesc": "",
            "jjet": "",
            "jt": "",
            "k2": "",
            "k2t": "",
            "k3": "",
            "k3t": "",
            "k4": "",
            "k4t": "",
            "kdesc": "",
            "kt": "",
            "o": "南京",
            "o2": "",
            "o2t": "",
            "o3": "",
            "o3t": "",
            "o4": "",
            "o4t": "",
            "odesc": "",
            "ot": "",
            "s": "南京",
            "v": "南京",
            "v2": "",
            "v2t": "",
            "v3": "",
            "v3t": "",
            "v4": "",
            "v4t": "",
            "vdesc": "",
            "vt": ""
          },
          "expansion": "Sino-Xenic (南京):\n* → Japanese: 南京(なんきん) (nankin)\n* → Korean: 남경(南京) (namgyeong)\n* → Vietnamese: Nam Kinh (南京)",
          "name": "CJKV/code"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "",
            "2": "なんきん",
            "3": "남경",
            "4": "Nam Kinh"
          },
          "expansion": "Sino-Xenic (南京):\n* → Japanese: 南京(なんきん) (nankin)\n* → Korean: 남경(南京) (namgyeong)\n* → Vietnamese: Nam Kinh (南京)",
          "name": "CJKV"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Sino-Xenic (南京):\n* → Japanese: 南京(なんきん) (nankin)\n* → Korean: 남경(南京) (namgyeong)\n* → Vietnamese: Nam Kinh (南京)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ka",
            "2": "ნანძინგი",
            "3": "ნანკინი",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Georgian: ნანძინგი (nanʒingi), ნანკინი (nanḳini)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Georgian: ნანძინგი (nanʒingi), ნანკინი (nanḳini)"
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "proper noun"
      },
      "expansion": "南京",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Chinese",
  "lang_code": "zh",
  "pos": "name",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "place",
          "langcode": "zh",
          "name": "Cities in China",
          "orig": "zh:Cities in China",
          "parents": [
            "Cities",
            "Places",
            "Polities",
            "Names",
            "All topics",
            "Proper nouns",
            "Terms by semantic function",
            "Fundamental",
            "Nouns",
            "Lemmas"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "place",
          "langcode": "zh",
          "name": "Cities in Jiangsu",
          "orig": "zh:Cities in Jiangsu",
          "parents": [
            "Cities",
            "Places",
            "Polities",
            "Names",
            "All topics",
            "Proper nouns",
            "Terms by semantic function",
            "Fundamental",
            "Nouns",
            "Lemmas"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "place",
          "langcode": "zh",
          "name": "Nanjing",
          "orig": "zh:Nanjing",
          "parents": [
            "Jiangsu",
            "China",
            "Asia",
            "Earth",
            "Eurasia",
            "Nature",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "place",
          "langcode": "zh",
          "name": "Places in China",
          "orig": "zh:Places in China",
          "parents": [
            "Places",
            "Names",
            "All topics",
            "Proper nouns",
            "Terms by semantic function",
            "Fundamental",
            "Nouns",
            "Lemmas"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "place",
          "langcode": "zh",
          "name": "Places in Jiangsu",
          "orig": "zh:Places in Jiangsu",
          "parents": [
            "Places",
            "Names",
            "All topics",
            "Proper nouns",
            "Terms by semantic function",
            "Fundamental",
            "Nouns",
            "Lemmas"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "zh",
          "name": "Provincial capitals of China",
          "orig": "zh:Provincial capitals of China",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "derived": [
        {
          "roman": "Nánjīng Dàtúshā",
          "word": "南京大屠殺"
        },
        {
          "roman": "Nánjīng Dàtúshā",
          "word": "南京大屠杀"
        },
        {
          "word": "南京條約"
        },
        {
          "word": "南京条约"
        },
        {
          "roman": "Nánjīnghuà",
          "word": "南京話"
        },
        {
          "roman": "Nánjīnghuà",
          "word": "南京话"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Nanjing (a subprovincial city, the provincial capital of Jiangsu, China)"
      ],
      "id": "en-南京-zh-name-QGeBQf~v",
      "links": [
        [
          "市",
          "市#Chinese"
        ],
        [
          "Nanjing",
          "Nanjing#English"
        ],
        [
          "provincial capital",
          "provincial capital"
        ],
        [
          "Jiangsu",
          "Jiangsu#English"
        ],
        [
          "China",
          "China#English"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(~市) Nanjing (a subprovincial city, the provincial capital of Jiangsu, China)"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "roman": "Jīnlíng",
          "sense": "chiefly literary or poetic",
          "word": "金陵"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Nánjīng"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "bopomofo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ㄋㄢˊ ㄐㄧㄥ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangzhou",
        "Hong-Kong",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "naam⁴ ging¹"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Taishan",
        "Wiktionary-specific"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "nam³ gen¹"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "PFS",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Nàm-kîn"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Guangdong",
        "Hakka",
        "Meixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "nam² gin¹"
    },
    {
      "zh-pron": "Nàng-gĭng"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Lâm-kiaⁿ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Peng'im",
        "Teochew"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "lam⁵ gian¹"
    },
    {
      "zh-pron": "⁶noe-cin"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hanyu-Pinyin",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Nánjīng"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Tongyong-Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Nánjing"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Wade-Giles"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Nan²-ching¹"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Nán-jīng"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Nanjing"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Наньцзин"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Nanʹczin"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/nän³⁵ t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "naam⁴ ging¹"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "nàahm gīng"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "naam⁴ ging¹"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangdong-Romanization"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "nam⁴ ging¹"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/naːm²¹ kɪŋ⁵⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Taicheng",
        "Taishanese",
        "Wiktionary-specific"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "nam³ gen¹"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ⁿdam²² ken³³/",
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Sinological-IPA",
        "Taicheng",
        "Taishanese"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Meinong",
        "Miaoli",
        "Phak-fa-su",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Nàm-kîn"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Hakka-Romanization-System",
        "Meinong",
        "Miaoli",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "namˇ gin´"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hagfa-Pinyim",
        "Hakka",
        "Meinong",
        "Miaoli",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "nam² gin¹"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/nam¹¹ kin²⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Meinong",
        "Miaoli",
        "Sinological-IPA",
        "Sixian"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/nam¹¹ kin⁴⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Meixian",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Foochow-Romanized",
        "Fuzhou"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Nàng-gĭng"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/nˡaŋ⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋiŋ⁵⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Fuzhou",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Tai-lo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Lâm-kiann"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Phofsit-Daibuun"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "lamkviaf"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/lam²⁴⁻²² kiã⁴⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Xiamen"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/lam²⁴⁻²² kiã³³/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Quanzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/lam¹³⁻²² kiã⁴⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Zhangzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/lam²⁴⁻¹¹ kiã⁴⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Taipei"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/lam²³⁻³³ kiã⁴⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Kaohsiung"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "POJ",
        "Teochew"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "lâm kiaⁿ"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/lam⁵⁵⁻¹¹ kĩã³³/",
      "tags": [
        "Sinological-IPA",
        "Teochew"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Wu"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "⁶noe-cin"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Wu"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "noe^去 cin"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Wu"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "³noe-jin"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Wu"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "/nø²² t͡ɕin⁴⁴/"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Middle-Chinese"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "nom kjaeng"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/nän³⁵ t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/naːm²¹ kɪŋ⁵⁵/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ⁿdam²² ken³³/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/nam¹¹ kin²⁴/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/nam¹¹ kin⁴⁴/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/nˡaŋ⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋiŋ⁵⁵/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/lam²⁴⁻²² kiã⁴⁴/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/lam²⁴⁻²² kiã³³/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/lam¹³⁻²² kiã⁴⁴/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/lam²⁴⁻¹¹ kiã⁴⁴/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/lam²³⁻³³ kiã⁴⁴/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/lam⁵⁵⁻¹¹ kĩã³³/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/nø²² t͡ɕin⁴⁴/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "南京"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "ltc",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Chinese",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "南"
      },
      "expansion": "南 (MC nom)",
      "name": "ltc-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "京"
      },
      "expansion": "京 (MC kjaeng)",
      "name": "ltc-l"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle Chinese 南 (MC nom) + 京 (MC kjaeng).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "南京",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "南",
          "なん"
        ],
        [
          "京",
          "きん"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "南京",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "南京",
          "ナンキン"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Nankin",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "proper",
        "2": "なんきん",
        "3": "ナンキン"
      },
      "expansion": "南(なん)京(きん) or 南京(ナンキン) • (Nankin)",
      "name": "ja-pos"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "name",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "place",
          "langcode": "ja",
          "name": "Cities in China",
          "orig": "ja:Cities in China",
          "parents": [
            "Cities",
            "Places",
            "Polities",
            "Names",
            "All topics",
            "Proper nouns",
            "Terms by semantic function",
            "Fundamental",
            "Nouns",
            "Lemmas"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "place",
          "langcode": "ja",
          "name": "Cities in Jiangsu",
          "orig": "ja:Cities in Jiangsu",
          "parents": [
            "Cities",
            "Places",
            "Polities",
            "Names",
            "All topics",
            "Proper nouns",
            "Terms by semantic function",
            "Fundamental",
            "Nouns",
            "Lemmas"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "place",
          "langcode": "ja",
          "name": "Nanjing",
          "orig": "ja:Nanjing",
          "parents": [
            "Jiangsu",
            "China",
            "Asia",
            "Earth",
            "Eurasia",
            "Nature",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "place",
          "langcode": "ja",
          "name": "Places in China",
          "orig": "ja:Places in China",
          "parents": [
            "Places",
            "Names",
            "All topics",
            "Proper nouns",
            "Terms by semantic function",
            "Fundamental",
            "Nouns",
            "Lemmas"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "place",
          "langcode": "ja",
          "name": "Places in Jiangsu",
          "orig": "ja:Places in Jiangsu",
          "parents": [
            "Places",
            "Names",
            "All topics",
            "Proper nouns",
            "Terms by semantic function",
            "Fundamental",
            "Nouns",
            "Lemmas"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "ja",
          "name": "Provincial capitals of China",
          "orig": "ja:Provincial capitals of China",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "80 1 19",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "77 4 19",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant alt parameters",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "77 4 19",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant wikilinks",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "74 3 23",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with multiple readings",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "78 4 19",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "96 4",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with redundant sortkeys",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "58 18 23",
          "kind": "lifeform",
          "langcode": "ja",
          "name": "Gourd family plants",
          "orig": "ja:Gourd family plants",
          "parents": [
            "Cucurbitales order plants",
            "Plants",
            "Lifeforms",
            "All topics",
            "Life",
            "Fundamental",
            "Nature"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "72 7 21",
          "kind": "lifeform",
          "langcode": "ja",
          "name": "Vegetables",
          "orig": "ja:Vegetables",
          "parents": [
            "Foods",
            "Plants",
            "Eating",
            "Food and drink",
            "Lifeforms",
            "Human behaviour",
            "All topics",
            "Life",
            "Human",
            "Fundamental",
            "Nature"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "derived": [
        {
          "english": "padlock",
          "roman": "Nankinjō",
          "ruby": [
            [
              "南",
              "なん"
            ],
            [
              "京",
              "きん"
            ],
            [
              "錠",
              "じょう"
            ]
          ],
          "word": "南京錠"
        },
        {
          "english": "bedbug",
          "roman": "Nankinmushi",
          "ruby": [
            [
              "南",
              "なん"
            ],
            [
              "京",
              "きん"
            ],
            [
              "虫",
              "むし"
            ]
          ],
          "word": "南京虫"
        },
        {
          "english": "peanut",
          "roman": "Nankinmame",
          "ruby": [
            [
              "南",
              "なん"
            ],
            [
              "京",
              "きん"
            ],
            [
              "豆",
              "まめ"
            ]
          ],
          "word": "南京豆"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Nanjing (a major city, the provincial capital of Jiangsu, China)"
      ],
      "id": "en-南京-ja-name-hF8KNIG8",
      "links": [
        [
          "Nanjing",
          "Nanjing#English"
        ],
        [
          "provincial capital",
          "provincial capital"
        ],
        [
          "Jiangsu",
          "Jiangsu#English"
        ],
        [
          "China",
          "China#English"
        ]
      ],
      "related": [
        {
          "roman": "Pekin",
          "ruby": [
            [
              "北",
              "ペ"
            ],
            [
              "京",
              "キン"
            ]
          ],
          "word": "北京"
        },
        {
          "roman": "Tonkin",
          "ruby": [
            [
              "東",
              "トン"
            ],
            [
              "京",
              "キン"
            ]
          ],
          "word": "東京"
        },
        {
          "roman": "Tōkyō",
          "ruby": [
            [
              "東",
              "とう"
            ],
            [
              "京",
              "きょう"
            ]
          ],
          "word": "東京"
        }
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "金陵"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[nã̠ŋʲkʲĩɴ]"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "ja:南京"
  ],
  "word": "南京"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "ltc",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Chinese",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "南"
      },
      "expansion": "南 (MC nom)",
      "name": "ltc-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "京"
      },
      "expansion": "京 (MC kjaeng)",
      "name": "ltc-l"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle Chinese 南 (MC nom) + 京 (MC kjaeng).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "南京",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "南",
          "なん"
        ],
        [
          "京",
          "きん"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nankin",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "なんきん"
      },
      "expansion": "南(なん)京(きん) • (nankin)",
      "name": "ja-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "pumpkin, squash"
      ],
      "id": "en-南京-ja-noun-oNwiqeBS",
      "links": [
        [
          "pumpkin",
          "pumpkin"
        ],
        [
          "squash",
          "squash"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "roman": "kabocha",
          "sense": "pumpkin",
          "topics": [
            "squash",
            "ball-games",
            "games",
            "sports",
            "hobbies",
            "lifestyle"
          ],
          "word": "南瓜"
        },
        {
          "roman": "tōnasu",
          "sense": "pumpkin",
          "topics": [
            "squash",
            "ball-games",
            "games",
            "sports",
            "hobbies",
            "lifestyle"
          ],
          "word": "唐茄子"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[nã̠ŋʲkʲĩɴ]"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "ja:南京"
  ],
  "word": "南京"
}

{
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "南京",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "南",
          "なん"
        ],
        [
          "京",
          "きょう"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nankyō",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nankyau",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "なんきやう",
      "roman": "nankyau",
      "tags": [
        "hiragana",
        "historical"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "なんきょう",
        "hhira": "なんきやう"
      },
      "expansion": "南(なん)京(きょう) • (nankyō) ^(←なんきやう (nankyau)?)",
      "name": "ja-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "a southern capital (formerly used to refer to the city of Nara)"
      ],
      "id": "en-南京-ja-noun-ZOiGGpwt",
      "links": [
        [
          "Nara",
          "Nara"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "other": "なんきょー"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[nã̠ŋʲkʲo̞ː]"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "ja:南京"
  ],
  "word": "南京"
}

{
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "Namgyeong",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "남경",
      "tags": [
        "hangeul"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Korean",
  "lang_code": "ko",
  "pos": "name",
  "senses": [
    {
      "alt_of": [
        {
          "extra": "alternative name of Nanjing",
          "word": "남경"
        }
      ],
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Korean entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Korean terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Korean terms with redundant script codes",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with redundant script codes",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Hanja form of 남경 (“alternative name of Nanjing”)."
      ],
      "id": "en-南京-ko-name-dPI-4K2R",
      "links": [
        [
          "Hanja",
          "hanja#English"
        ],
        [
          "남경",
          "남경#Korean"
        ],
        [
          "Nanjing",
          "Nanjing"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "alt-of",
        "hanja"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "南京"
}

{
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "vi",
        "2": "proper noun",
        "head": "",
        "tr": ""
      },
      "expansion": "南京",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "sc": "Hani"
      },
      "expansion": "南京",
      "name": "vi-proper noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Vietnamese",
  "lang_code": "vi",
  "pos": "name",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Vietnamese Chữ Hán",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "chữ Hán form of Nam Kinh (“Nanjing”)."
      ],
      "id": "en-南京-vi-name-FXNp2oY~",
      "links": [
        [
          "chữ Hán",
          "chữ Hán#Vietnamese"
        ],
        [
          "Nam Kinh",
          "Nam Kinh#Vietnamese"
        ],
        [
          "Nanjing",
          "Nanjing"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "南京"
}
{
  "derived": [
    {
      "roman": "Nánjīng Dàtúshā",
      "word": "南京大屠殺"
    },
    {
      "roman": "Nánjīng Dàtúshā",
      "word": "南京大屠杀"
    },
    {
      "word": "南京條約"
    },
    {
      "word": "南京条约"
    },
    {
      "roman": "Nánjīnghuà",
      "word": "南京話"
    },
    {
      "roman": "Nánjīnghuà",
      "word": "南京话"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 0,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "zh",
            "2": "南京"
          },
          "expansion": "南京",
          "name": "lang"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ja",
            "2": "-",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Japanese:",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "南京",
            "2": "なんきん",
            "gloss": ""
          },
          "expansion": "南京(なんきん) (nankin)",
          "name": "ja-r"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ko",
            "2": "남경(南京)",
            "3": "",
            "4": "",
            "5": "",
            "bor": "1",
            "t": "",
            "t2": "",
            "t3": "",
            "t4": ""
          },
          "expansion": "→ Korean: 남경(南京) (namgyeong)",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "vi",
            "2": "南京",
            "sc": "Hani"
          },
          "expansion": "南京",
          "name": "l"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "vi",
            "2": "Nam Kinh",
            "bor": "1",
            "t": "",
            "tr": "南京"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Vietnamese: Nam Kinh (南京)",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "南京",
            "2": "なんきん",
            "3": "남경",
            "4": "Nam Kinh",
            "5": "",
            "6": "",
            "h": "南京",
            "j2": "",
            "j2t": "",
            "j3": "",
            "j3t": "",
            "j4": "",
            "j4t": "",
            "jdesc": "",
            "jje2": "",
            "jje2t": "",
            "jje3": "",
            "jje3t": "",
            "jje4": "",
            "jje4t": "",
            "jjedesc": "",
            "jjet": "",
            "jt": "",
            "k2": "",
            "k2t": "",
            "k3": "",
            "k3t": "",
            "k4": "",
            "k4t": "",
            "kdesc": "",
            "kt": "",
            "o": "南京",
            "o2": "",
            "o2t": "",
            "o3": "",
            "o3t": "",
            "o4": "",
            "o4t": "",
            "odesc": "",
            "ot": "",
            "s": "南京",
            "v": "南京",
            "v2": "",
            "v2t": "",
            "v3": "",
            "v3t": "",
            "v4": "",
            "v4t": "",
            "vdesc": "",
            "vt": ""
          },
          "expansion": "Sino-Xenic (南京):\n* → Japanese: 南京(なんきん) (nankin)\n* → Korean: 남경(南京) (namgyeong)\n* → Vietnamese: Nam Kinh (南京)",
          "name": "CJKV/code"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "",
            "2": "なんきん",
            "3": "남경",
            "4": "Nam Kinh"
          },
          "expansion": "Sino-Xenic (南京):\n* → Japanese: 南京(なんきん) (nankin)\n* → Korean: 남경(南京) (namgyeong)\n* → Vietnamese: Nam Kinh (南京)",
          "name": "CJKV"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Sino-Xenic (南京):\n* → Japanese: 南京(なんきん) (nankin)\n* → Korean: 남경(南京) (namgyeong)\n* → Vietnamese: Nam Kinh (南京)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ka",
            "2": "ნანძინგი",
            "3": "ნანკინი",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Georgian: ნანძინგი (nanʒingi), ნანკინი (nanḳini)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Georgian: ნანძინგი (nanʒingi), ნანკინი (nanḳini)"
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "zh",
        "2": "proper noun"
      },
      "expansion": "南京",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Chinese",
  "lang_code": "zh",
  "pos": "name",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Cantonese lemmas",
        "Cantonese proper nouns",
        "Cantonese terms with audio links",
        "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
        "Chinese lemmas",
        "Chinese proper nouns",
        "Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
        "Eastern Min lemmas",
        "Eastern Min proper nouns",
        "Hakka lemmas",
        "Hakka proper nouns",
        "Hokkien lemmas",
        "Hokkien proper nouns",
        "Mandarin lemmas",
        "Mandarin proper nouns",
        "Mandarin terms with audio links",
        "Middle Chinese lemmas",
        "Taishanese lemmas",
        "Taishanese proper nouns",
        "Teochew lemmas",
        "Teochew proper nouns",
        "Wu lemmas",
        "Wu proper nouns",
        "zh:Cities in China",
        "zh:Cities in Jiangsu",
        "zh:Nanjing",
        "zh:Places in China",
        "zh:Places in Jiangsu",
        "zh:Provincial capitals of China"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Nanjing (a subprovincial city, the provincial capital of Jiangsu, China)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "市",
          "市#Chinese"
        ],
        [
          "Nanjing",
          "Nanjing#English"
        ],
        [
          "provincial capital",
          "provincial capital"
        ],
        [
          "Jiangsu",
          "Jiangsu#English"
        ],
        [
          "China",
          "China#English"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(~市) Nanjing (a subprovincial city, the provincial capital of Jiangsu, China)"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Nánjīng"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "bopomofo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "ㄋㄢˊ ㄐㄧㄥ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangzhou",
        "Hong-Kong",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "naam⁴ ging¹"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Taishan",
        "Wiktionary-specific"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "nam³ gen¹"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "PFS",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Nàm-kîn"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Guangdong",
        "Hakka",
        "Meixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "nam² gin¹"
    },
    {
      "zh-pron": "Nàng-gĭng"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Lâm-kiaⁿ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Peng'im",
        "Teochew"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "lam⁵ gian¹"
    },
    {
      "zh-pron": "⁶noe-cin"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hanyu-Pinyin",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Nánjīng"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Tongyong-Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Nánjing"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Wade-Giles"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Nan²-ching¹"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Nán-jīng"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
        "Mandarin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Nanjing"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Наньцзин"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Nanʹczin"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/nän³⁵ t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "naam⁴ ging¹"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "nàahm gīng"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "naam⁴ ging¹"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangdong-Romanization"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "nam⁴ ging¹"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/naːm²¹ kɪŋ⁵⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Taicheng",
        "Taishanese",
        "Wiktionary-specific"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "nam³ gen¹"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ⁿdam²² ken³³/",
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Sinological-IPA",
        "Taicheng",
        "Taishanese"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Meinong",
        "Miaoli",
        "Phak-fa-su",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Nàm-kîn"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Hakka-Romanization-System",
        "Meinong",
        "Miaoli",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "namˇ gin´"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hagfa-Pinyim",
        "Hakka",
        "Meinong",
        "Miaoli",
        "Sixian"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "nam² gin¹"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/nam¹¹ kin²⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Meinong",
        "Miaoli",
        "Sinological-IPA",
        "Sixian"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/nam¹¹ kin⁴⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Hakka",
        "Meixian",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Foochow-Romanized",
        "Fuzhou"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Nàng-gĭng"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/nˡaŋ⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋiŋ⁵⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Fuzhou",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Tai-lo"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "Lâm-kiann"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Phofsit-Daibuun"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "lamkviaf"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/lam²⁴⁻²² kiã⁴⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Xiamen"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/lam²⁴⁻²² kiã³³/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Quanzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/lam¹³⁻²² kiã⁴⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Zhangzhou"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/lam²⁴⁻¹¹ kiã⁴⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Taipei"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/lam²³⁻³³ kiã⁴⁴/",
      "tags": [
        "Hokkien",
        "Kaohsiung"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "POJ",
        "Teochew"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "lâm kiaⁿ"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/lam⁵⁵⁻¹¹ kĩã³³/",
      "tags": [
        "Sinological-IPA",
        "Teochew"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Wu"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "⁶noe-cin"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Wu"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "noe^去 cin"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Wu"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "³noe-jin"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Wu"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "/nø²² t͡ɕin⁴⁴/"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Middle-Chinese"
      ],
      "zh-pron": "nom kjaeng"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/nän³⁵ t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/naːm²¹ kɪŋ⁵⁵/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ⁿdam²² ken³³/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/nam¹¹ kin²⁴/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/nam¹¹ kin⁴⁴/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/nˡaŋ⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ⁽ᵏ⁻⁾ŋiŋ⁵⁵/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/lam²⁴⁻²² kiã⁴⁴/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/lam²⁴⁻²² kiã³³/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/lam¹³⁻²² kiã⁴⁴/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/lam²⁴⁻¹¹ kiã⁴⁴/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/lam²³⁻³³ kiã⁴⁴/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/lam⁵⁵⁻¹¹ kĩã³³/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/nø²² t͡ɕin⁴⁴/"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "roman": "Jīnlíng",
      "sense": "chiefly literary or poetic",
      "word": "金陵"
    }
  ],
  "word": "南京"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
    "Japanese lemmas",
    "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
    "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
    "Japanese nouns",
    "Japanese proper nouns",
    "Japanese terms borrowed from Middle Chinese",
    "Japanese terms derived from Middle Chinese",
    "Japanese terms spelled with second grade kanji",
    "Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Japanese terms with audio links",
    "Japanese terms with multiple readings",
    "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
    "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
    "Japanese terms written with two Han script characters",
    "Requests for audio pronunciation in Japanese entries",
    "ja:Gourd family plants",
    "ja:Vegetables"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "english": "padlock",
      "roman": "Nankinjō",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "南",
          "なん"
        ],
        [
          "京",
          "きん"
        ],
        [
          "錠",
          "じょう"
        ]
      ],
      "word": "南京錠"
    },
    {
      "english": "bedbug",
      "roman": "Nankinmushi",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "南",
          "なん"
        ],
        [
          "京",
          "きん"
        ],
        [
          "虫",
          "むし"
        ]
      ],
      "word": "南京虫"
    },
    {
      "english": "peanut",
      "roman": "Nankinmame",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "南",
          "なん"
        ],
        [
          "京",
          "きん"
        ],
        [
          "豆",
          "まめ"
        ]
      ],
      "word": "南京豆"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "ltc",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Chinese",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "南"
      },
      "expansion": "南 (MC nom)",
      "name": "ltc-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "京"
      },
      "expansion": "京 (MC kjaeng)",
      "name": "ltc-l"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle Chinese 南 (MC nom) + 京 (MC kjaeng).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "南京",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "南",
          "なん"
        ],
        [
          "京",
          "きん"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "南京",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "南京",
          "ナンキン"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Nankin",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "proper",
        "2": "なんきん",
        "3": "ナンキン"
      },
      "expansion": "南(なん)京(きん) or 南京(ナンキン) • (Nankin)",
      "name": "ja-pos"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "name",
  "related": [
    {
      "roman": "Pekin",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "北",
          "ペ"
        ],
        [
          "京",
          "キン"
        ]
      ],
      "word": "北京"
    },
    {
      "roman": "Tonkin",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "東",
          "トン"
        ],
        [
          "京",
          "キン"
        ]
      ],
      "word": "東京"
    },
    {
      "roman": "Tōkyō",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "東",
          "とう"
        ],
        [
          "京",
          "きょう"
        ]
      ],
      "word": "東京"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
        "ja:Cities in China",
        "ja:Cities in Jiangsu",
        "ja:Nanjing",
        "ja:Places in China",
        "ja:Places in Jiangsu",
        "ja:Provincial capitals of China"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Nanjing (a major city, the provincial capital of Jiangsu, China)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Nanjing",
          "Nanjing#English"
        ],
        [
          "provincial capital",
          "provincial capital"
        ],
        [
          "Jiangsu",
          "Jiangsu#English"
        ],
        [
          "China",
          "China#English"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "金陵"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[nã̠ŋʲkʲĩɴ]"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "ja:南京"
  ],
  "word": "南京"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
    "Japanese lemmas",
    "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
    "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
    "Japanese nouns",
    "Japanese proper nouns",
    "Japanese terms borrowed from Middle Chinese",
    "Japanese terms derived from Middle Chinese",
    "Japanese terms spelled with second grade kanji",
    "Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Japanese terms with audio links",
    "Japanese terms with multiple readings",
    "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
    "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
    "Japanese terms written with two Han script characters",
    "Requests for audio pronunciation in Japanese entries",
    "ja:Gourd family plants",
    "ja:Vegetables"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "ltc",
        "3": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Chinese",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "南"
      },
      "expansion": "南 (MC nom)",
      "name": "ltc-l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "京"
      },
      "expansion": "京 (MC kjaeng)",
      "name": "ltc-l"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle Chinese 南 (MC nom) + 京 (MC kjaeng).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "南京",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "南",
          "なん"
        ],
        [
          "京",
          "きん"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nankin",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "なんきん"
      },
      "expansion": "南(なん)京(きん) • (nankin)",
      "name": "ja-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "pumpkin, squash"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "pumpkin",
          "pumpkin"
        ],
        [
          "squash",
          "squash"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[nã̠ŋʲkʲĩɴ]"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "roman": "kabocha",
      "sense": "pumpkin",
      "topics": [
        "squash",
        "ball-games",
        "games",
        "sports",
        "hobbies",
        "lifestyle"
      ],
      "word": "南瓜"
    },
    {
      "roman": "tōnasu",
      "sense": "pumpkin",
      "topics": [
        "squash",
        "ball-games",
        "games",
        "sports",
        "hobbies",
        "lifestyle"
      ],
      "word": "唐茄子"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "ja:南京"
  ],
  "word": "南京"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
    "Japanese lemmas",
    "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
    "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
    "Japanese nouns",
    "Japanese terms spelled with second grade kanji",
    "Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Japanese terms with multiple readings",
    "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
    "Japanese terms written with two Han script characters",
    "Requests for audio pronunciation in Japanese entries",
    "ja:Gourd family plants",
    "ja:Vegetables"
  ],
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "南京",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "南",
          "なん"
        ],
        [
          "京",
          "きょう"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nankyō",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nankyau",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "なんきやう",
      "roman": "nankyau",
      "tags": [
        "hiragana",
        "historical"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "なんきょう",
        "hhira": "なんきやう"
      },
      "expansion": "南(なん)京(きょう) • (nankyō) ^(←なんきやう (nankyau)?)",
      "name": "ja-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "a southern capital (formerly used to refer to the city of Nara)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Nara",
          "Nara"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "other": "なんきょー"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[nã̠ŋʲkʲo̞ː]"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "ja:南京"
  ],
  "word": "南京"
}

{
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "Namgyeong",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "남경",
      "tags": [
        "hangeul"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Korean",
  "lang_code": "ko",
  "pos": "name",
  "senses": [
    {
      "alt_of": [
        {
          "extra": "alternative name of Nanjing",
          "word": "남경"
        }
      ],
      "categories": [
        "Korean entries with incorrect language header",
        "Korean lemmas",
        "Korean proper nouns",
        "Korean proper nouns in Han script",
        "Korean terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
        "Korean terms with redundant script codes"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Hanja form of 남경 (“alternative name of Nanjing”)."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Hanja",
          "hanja#English"
        ],
        [
          "남경",
          "남경#Korean"
        ],
        [
          "Nanjing",
          "Nanjing"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "alt-of",
        "hanja"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "南京"
}

{
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "vi",
        "2": "proper noun",
        "head": "",
        "tr": ""
      },
      "expansion": "南京",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "sc": "Hani"
      },
      "expansion": "南京",
      "name": "vi-proper noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Vietnamese",
  "lang_code": "vi",
  "pos": "name",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Vietnamese Chữ Hán",
        "Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
        "Vietnamese lemmas",
        "Vietnamese proper nouns",
        "Vietnamese proper nouns in Han script"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "chữ Hán form of Nam Kinh (“Nanjing”)."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "chữ Hán",
          "chữ Hán#Vietnamese"
        ],
        [
          "Nam Kinh",
          "Nam Kinh#Vietnamese"
        ],
        [
          "Nanjing",
          "Nanjing"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "南京"
}
{
  "called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
  "msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Southern Min'",
  "path": [
    "南京"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "南京",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
  "msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai)'",
  "path": [
    "南京"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "南京",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
  "msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Northern)'",
  "path": [
    "南京"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "南京",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
  "msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Wugniu'",
  "path": [
    "南京"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "南京",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
  "msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Sinological IPA (Shanghai)'",
  "path": [
    "南京"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "南京",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
  "msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Wu (Wugniu)'",
  "path": [
    "南京"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "南京",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
  "msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Shanghai):'",
  "path": [
    "南京"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "南京",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
  "msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Eastern Min'",
  "path": [
    "南京"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "南京",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
  "msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'MiniDict'",
  "path": [
    "南京"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "南京",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
  "msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Eastern Min (BUC)'",
  "path": [
    "南京"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "南京",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
  "msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺'",
  "path": [
    "南京"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "南京",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
  "msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Chinese)⁺'",
  "path": [
    "南京"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "南京",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
  "msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: ~市",
  "path": [
    "南京"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "proper noun",
  "title": "南京",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "form_descriptions/1831",
  "msg": "unrecognized sense qualifier: ~市",
  "path": [
    "南京"
  ],
  "section": "Chinese",
  "subsection": "proper noun",
  "title": "南京",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "parser/1336",
  "msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
  "path": [
    "南京"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "proper noun",
  "title": "南京",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "parser/1336",
  "msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
  "path": [
    "南京"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "南京",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "parser/304",
  "msg": "HTML tag <span> not properly closed",
  "path": [
    "南京"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "南京",
  "trace": "started on line 2, detected on line 2"
}

{
  "called_from": "parser/1336",
  "msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
  "path": [
    "南京"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "南京",
  "trace": ""
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-09 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (4d5d0bb and edd475d). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.