See 助動詞 on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for 助動詞 meaning in All languages combined (8.5kB)
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "助動詞",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "zh",
"name": "Grammar",
"orig": "zh:Grammar",
"parents": [
"Linguistics",
"Language",
"Social sciences",
"Communication",
"Sciences",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "zh",
"name": "Parts of speech",
"orig": "zh:Parts of speech",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"auxiliary verb"
],
"id": "en-助動詞-zh-noun-~aU23GqF",
"links": [
[
"grammar",
"grammar"
],
[
"auxiliary verb",
"auxiliary verb"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(grammar) auxiliary verb"
],
"topics": [
"grammar",
"human-sciences",
"linguistics",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "zhùdòngcí"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄓㄨˋ ㄉㄨㄥˋ ㄘˊ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "zo⁶ dung⁶ ci⁴"
},
{
"zh-pron": "chō͘-tōng-sû"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "zhùdòngcí"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "jhùdòngcíh"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "chu⁴-tung⁴-tzʻŭ²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "jù-dùng-tsź"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "juhdonqtsyr"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "чжудунцы"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "čžuduncy"
},
{
"ipa": "/ʈ͡ʂu⁵¹⁻⁵³ tʊŋ⁵¹ t͡sʰz̩³⁵/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "joh duhng chìh"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "dzo⁶ dung⁶ tsi⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "zo⁶ dung⁶ qi⁴"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sɔː²² tʊŋ²² t͡sʰiː²¹/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "chō͘-tōng-sû"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "tsōo-tōng-sû"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "zoxdoxngsuu"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sɔ²²⁻²¹ tɔŋ²²⁻²¹ su²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sɔ⁴¹⁻²² tɔŋ⁴¹⁻²² su²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sɔ²²⁻²¹ tɔŋ²²⁻²¹ su¹³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sɔ³³⁻¹¹ tɔŋ³³⁻¹¹ su²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sɔ³³⁻²¹ tɔŋ³³⁻²¹ su²³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ʈ͡ʂu⁵¹⁻⁵³ tʊŋ⁵¹ t͡sʰz̩³⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sɔː²² tʊŋ²² t͡sʰiː²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sɔ²²⁻²¹ tɔŋ²²⁻²¹ su²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sɔ⁴¹⁻²² tɔŋ⁴¹⁻²² su²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sɔ²²⁻²¹ tɔŋ²²⁻²¹ su¹³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sɔ³³⁻¹¹ tɔŋ³³⁻¹¹ su²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sɔ³³⁻²¹ tɔŋ³³⁻²¹ su²³/"
}
],
"word": "助動詞"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "助",
"3": "動詞",
"lit": "helping verb",
"sort": "しょどうし'",
"t1": "to help",
"t2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "助 (“to help”) + 動詞 (“verb”), literally “helping verb”",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "助 (“to help”) + 動詞 (“verb”), literally “helping verb”",
"forms": [
{
"form": "助動詞",
"ruby": [
[
"助",
"じょ"
],
[
"動",
"どう"
],
[
"詞",
"し"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "jodōshi",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "じょどうし"
},
"expansion": "助(じょ)動(どう)詞(し) • (jodōshi)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "hojo dōshi",
"ruby": [
[
"補",
"ほ"
],
[
"助",
"じょ"
],
[
"動",
"どう"
],
[
"詞",
"し"
]
],
"word": "補助動詞"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "69 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "68 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "65 35",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "69 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "87 13",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "ja",
"name": "Verbs",
"orig": "ja:Verbs",
"parents": [
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"an auxiliary verb"
],
"id": "en-助動詞-ja-noun-vpEZVHjn",
"links": [
[
"auxiliary verb",
"auxiliary verb"
]
],
"qualifier": "non-Japanese and non-Korean grammar",
"raw_glosses": [
"(non-Japanese and non-Korean grammar) an auxiliary verb"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "ja",
"name": "Parts of speech",
"orig": "ja:Parts of speech",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a class of 付属語 (fuzokugo, “bound forms”) that attach to 用言 (yōgen, “inflected words”) to add additional grammatical functions, such as tense, aspects, mood, evidentiality, etc.; strictly speaking, they must have verb-like inflection; broadly speaking, they include forms with adjective-like inflection and uninflected particles"
],
"id": "en-助動詞-ja-noun-dDW2Gw3E",
"links": [
[
"grammar",
"grammar"
],
[
"付属語",
"付属語#Japanese"
],
[
"用言",
"用言#Japanese"
]
],
"qualifier": "Japanese or Korean grammar",
"raw_glosses": [
"(Japanese or Korean grammar) a class of 付属語 (fuzokugo, “bound forms”) that attach to 用言 (yōgen, “inflected words”) to add additional grammatical functions, such as tense, aspects, mood, evidentiality, etc.; strictly speaking, they must have verb-like inflection; broadly speaking, they include forms with adjective-like inflection and uninflected particles"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "じょどーし"
},
{
"ipa": "[d͡ʑo̞do̞ːɕi]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"ja:助動詞"
],
"word": "助動詞"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "jodongsa",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "조동사",
"tags": [
"hangeul"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hj",
"hangeul": "조동사"
},
"expansion": "助動詞 • (jodongsa) (hangeul 조동사)",
"name": "ko-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "auxiliary verb",
"word": "조동사"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Korean entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Korean terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Korean terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant script codes",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Hanja form of 조동사 (“auxiliary verb”)."
],
"id": "en-助動詞-ko-noun-26KXj8ht",
"links": [
[
"Hanja",
"hanja#English"
],
[
"조동사",
"조동사#Korean"
],
[
"auxiliary verb",
"auxiliary verb"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"hanja"
]
}
],
"word": "助動詞"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"head": "",
"tr": ""
},
"expansion": "助動詞",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"sc": "Hani"
},
"expansion": "助動詞",
"name": "vi-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Vietnamese Chữ Hán",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Vietnamese nouns without classifiers",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"chữ Hán form of trợ động từ (“auxiliary verb”)."
],
"id": "en-助動詞-vi-noun-4~mia58q",
"links": [
[
"chữ Hán",
"chữ Hán#Vietnamese"
],
[
"trợ động từ",
"trợ động từ#Vietnamese"
],
[
"auxiliary verb",
"auxiliary verb"
]
]
}
],
"word": "助動詞"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zh",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "助動詞",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Cantonese lemmas",
"Cantonese nouns",
"Chinese entries with incorrect language header",
"Chinese lemmas",
"Chinese nouns",
"Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Hokkien lemmas",
"Hokkien nouns",
"Mandarin lemmas",
"Mandarin nouns",
"zh:Grammar",
"zh:Parts of speech"
],
"glosses": [
"auxiliary verb"
],
"links": [
[
"grammar",
"grammar"
],
[
"auxiliary verb",
"auxiliary verb"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(grammar) auxiliary verb"
],
"topics": [
"grammar",
"human-sciences",
"linguistics",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "zhùdòngcí"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"bopomofo"
],
"zh-pron": "ㄓㄨˋ ㄉㄨㄥˋ ㄘˊ"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Jyutping"
],
"zh-pron": "zo⁶ dung⁶ ci⁴"
},
{
"zh-pron": "chō͘-tōng-sû"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hanyu-Pinyin",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "zhùdòngcí"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Tongyong-Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "jhùdòngcíh"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Wade-Giles"
],
"zh-pron": "chu⁴-tung⁴-tzʻŭ²"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "jù-dùng-tsź"
},
{
"tags": [
"Gwoyeu-Romatsyh",
"Mandarin"
],
"zh-pron": "juhdonqtsyr"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "чжудунцы"
},
{
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Palladius"
],
"zh-pron": "čžuduncy"
},
{
"ipa": "/ʈ͡ʂu⁵¹⁻⁵³ tʊŋ⁵¹ t͡sʰz̩³⁵/",
"tags": [
"Mandarin",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Yale"
],
"zh-pron": "joh duhng chìh"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Pinyin"
],
"zh-pron": "dzo⁶ dung⁶ tsi⁴"
},
{
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Guangdong-Romanization"
],
"zh-pron": "zo⁶ dung⁶ qi⁴"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sɔː²² tʊŋ²² t͡sʰiː²¹/",
"tags": [
"Cantonese",
"Sinological-IPA"
]
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"POJ"
],
"zh-pron": "chō͘-tōng-sû"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Tai-lo"
],
"zh-pron": "tsōo-tōng-sû"
},
{
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Phofsit-Daibuun"
],
"zh-pron": "zoxdoxngsuu"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sɔ²²⁻²¹ tɔŋ²²⁻²¹ su²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Xiamen"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sɔ⁴¹⁻²² tɔŋ⁴¹⁻²² su²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Quanzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sɔ²²⁻²¹ tɔŋ²²⁻²¹ su¹³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Zhangzhou"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sɔ³³⁻¹¹ tɔŋ³³⁻¹¹ su²⁴/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Taipei"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sɔ³³⁻²¹ tɔŋ³³⁻²¹ su²³/",
"tags": [
"Hokkien",
"Kaohsiung"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ʈ͡ʂu⁵¹⁻⁵³ tʊŋ⁵¹ t͡sʰz̩³⁵/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sɔː²² tʊŋ²² t͡sʰiː²¹/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sɔ²²⁻²¹ tɔŋ²²⁻²¹ su²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sɔ⁴¹⁻²² tɔŋ⁴¹⁻²² su²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sɔ²²⁻²¹ tɔŋ²²⁻²¹ su¹³/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sɔ³³⁻¹¹ tɔŋ³³⁻¹¹ su²⁴/"
},
{
"ipa": "/t͡sɔ³³⁻²¹ tɔŋ³³⁻²¹ su²³/"
}
],
"word": "助動詞"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese compound terms",
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese terms spelled with sixth grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with third grade kanji",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Japanese terms written with three Han script characters",
"ja:Verbs"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "助",
"3": "動詞",
"lit": "helping verb",
"sort": "しょどうし'",
"t1": "to help",
"t2": "verb"
},
"expansion": "助 (“to help”) + 動詞 (“verb”), literally “helping verb”",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "助 (“to help”) + 動詞 (“verb”), literally “helping verb”",
"forms": [
{
"form": "助動詞",
"ruby": [
[
"助",
"じょ"
],
[
"動",
"どう"
],
[
"詞",
"し"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "jodōshi",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "じょどうし"
},
"expansion": "助(じょ)動(どう)詞(し) • (jodōshi)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"roman": "hojo dōshi",
"ruby": [
[
"補",
"ほ"
],
[
"助",
"じょ"
],
[
"動",
"どう"
],
[
"詞",
"し"
]
],
"word": "補助動詞"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"an auxiliary verb"
],
"links": [
[
"auxiliary verb",
"auxiliary verb"
]
],
"qualifier": "non-Japanese and non-Korean grammar",
"raw_glosses": [
"(non-Japanese and non-Korean grammar) an auxiliary verb"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"ja:Parts of speech"
],
"glosses": [
"a class of 付属語 (fuzokugo, “bound forms”) that attach to 用言 (yōgen, “inflected words”) to add additional grammatical functions, such as tense, aspects, mood, evidentiality, etc.; strictly speaking, they must have verb-like inflection; broadly speaking, they include forms with adjective-like inflection and uninflected particles"
],
"links": [
[
"grammar",
"grammar"
],
[
"付属語",
"付属語#Japanese"
],
[
"用言",
"用言#Japanese"
]
],
"qualifier": "Japanese or Korean grammar",
"raw_glosses": [
"(Japanese or Korean grammar) a class of 付属語 (fuzokugo, “bound forms”) that attach to 用言 (yōgen, “inflected words”) to add additional grammatical functions, such as tense, aspects, mood, evidentiality, etc.; strictly speaking, they must have verb-like inflection; broadly speaking, they include forms with adjective-like inflection and uninflected particles"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "じょどーし"
},
{
"ipa": "[d͡ʑo̞do̞ːɕi]"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"ja:助動詞"
],
"word": "助動詞"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "jodongsa",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "조동사",
"tags": [
"hangeul"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hj",
"hangeul": "조동사"
},
"expansion": "助動詞 • (jodongsa) (hangeul 조동사)",
"name": "ko-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "auxiliary verb",
"word": "조동사"
}
],
"categories": [
"Korean entries with incorrect language header",
"Korean lemmas",
"Korean nouns",
"Korean nouns in Han script",
"Korean terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Korean terms with redundant script codes"
],
"glosses": [
"Hanja form of 조동사 (“auxiliary verb”)."
],
"links": [
[
"Hanja",
"hanja#English"
],
[
"조동사",
"조동사#Korean"
],
[
"auxiliary verb",
"auxiliary verb"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"hanja"
]
}
],
"word": "助動詞"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"head": "",
"tr": ""
},
"expansion": "助動詞",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"sc": "Hani"
},
"expansion": "助動詞",
"name": "vi-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Vietnamese Chữ Hán",
"Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
"Vietnamese lemmas",
"Vietnamese nouns",
"Vietnamese nouns in Han script",
"Vietnamese nouns without classifiers"
],
"glosses": [
"chữ Hán form of trợ động từ (“auxiliary verb”)."
],
"links": [
[
"chữ Hán",
"chữ Hán#Vietnamese"
],
[
"trợ động từ",
"trợ động từ#Vietnamese"
],
[
"auxiliary verb",
"auxiliary verb"
]
]
}
],
"word": "助動詞"
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺'",
"path": [
"助動詞"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "助動詞",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Southern Min'",
"path": [
"助動詞"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "助動詞",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: 'Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ)'",
"path": [
"助動詞"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "助動詞",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "pronunciations/296/20230324",
"msg": "Zh-pron header not found in zh_pron_tags or tags: '(Standard Chinese)⁺'",
"path": [
"助動詞"
],
"section": "Chinese",
"subsection": "",
"title": "助動詞",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"助動詞"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "助動詞",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.