See นรก on Wiktionary
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "masculine",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pi-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "นรโก",
"roman": "narako",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "นรกา",
"roman": "narakā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "นรกํ",
"roman": "narakaṃ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "นรเก",
"roman": "narake",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "นรเกน",
"roman": "narakena",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "นรเกหิ",
"roman": "narakehi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "นรเกภิ",
"roman": "narakebhi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "นรกสฺส",
"roman": "narakassa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "นรกาย",
"roman": "narakāya",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "นรกตฺถํ",
"roman": "narakatthaṃ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "นรกานํ",
"roman": "narakānaṃ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "นรกสฺมา",
"roman": "narakasmā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "นรกมฺหา",
"roman": "narakamhā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "นรกา",
"roman": "narakā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "นรเกหิ",
"roman": "narakehi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "นรเกภิ",
"roman": "narakebhi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "นรกสฺส",
"roman": "narakassa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "นรกานํ",
"roman": "narakānaṃ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "นรกสฺมิํ",
"roman": "narakasmiṃ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "นรกมฺหิ",
"roman": "narakamhi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "นรเก",
"roman": "narake",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "นรเกสุ",
"roman": "narakesu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "นรก",
"roman": "naraka",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "นรกา",
"roman": "narakā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "นรก m",
"name": "pi-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "m"
},
"name": "pi-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Pali",
"lang_code": "pi",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pali entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Thai script",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "35 35 3 9 5 4 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 33 3 11 4 3 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "hell",
"word": "naraka"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Thai script form of naraka (“hell”)"
],
"id": "en-นรก-pi-noun-HLvHoJqR",
"links": [
[
"naraka",
"naraka#Pali"
]
],
"tags": [
"Thai",
"character",
"form-of",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"word": "นรก"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "náraka",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "m",
"g2": "n",
"tr": "náraka"
},
"expansion": "นรก • (náraka) stem, m or n",
"name": "sa-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"lang_code": "sa",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Sanskrit entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Sanskrit terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Thai script",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "35 35 3 9 5 4 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 33 3 11 4 3 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "hell",
"word": "नरक"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Thai script form of नरक (“hell”)"
],
"id": "en-นรก-sa-noun-A6aIqp8t",
"links": [
[
"नरक",
"नरक#Sanskrit"
]
],
"tags": [
"Thai",
"character",
"form-of"
]
}
],
"word": "นรก"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "th",
"2": "pi",
"3": "naraka"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Pali naraka",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "th",
"2": "sa",
"3": "नरक"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit नरक (naraka)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "th",
"2": "okz",
"3": "naraka"
},
"expansion": "Old Khmer naraka",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "my",
"2": "နရက်"
},
"expansion": "Burmese နရက် (na.rak)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "km",
"2": "នរក"
},
"expansion": "Khmer នរក (nɔɔnɔrŭək)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lo",
"2": "ນະລົກ"
},
"expansion": "Lao ນະລົກ (na lok)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dv",
"2": "ނަރަކަ"
},
"expansion": "Dhivehi ނަރަކަ (naraka)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Pali naraka or Sanskrit नरक (naraka); possibly via Old Khmer naraka, naroka, °narraka, °nāraka (“hell; purgatory”). Cognate with Burmese နရက် (na.rak), Modern Khmer នរក (nɔɔnɔrŭək), Lao ນະລົກ (na lok), Dhivehi ނަރަކަ (naraka).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ná-rók",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "นรก • (ná-rók)",
"name": "th-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Thai",
"lang_code": "th",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "th",
"name": "Buddhism",
"orig": "th:Buddhism",
"parents": [
"Religion",
"Culture",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "th",
"name": "Hinduism",
"orig": "th:Hinduism",
"parents": [
"India",
"Religion",
"Countries",
"Countries in Asia",
"Culture",
"Polities",
"Places",
"Asia",
"Society",
"Names",
"Earth",
"Eurasia",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Nature",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "33 33 3 11 4 3 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 34 15 17 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Thai nouns classified by ขุม",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "1345/46, พระมหาธรรมราชาที่ ๑, “ไตรภูมิกถา”, in ราชบัณฑิตยสถาน (2011) พจนานุกรมศัพท์วรรณคดีไทย สมัยสุโขทัย ไตรภูมิกถา (in Thai), 2nd edition, Bangkok: ราชบัณฑิตยสถาน, →ISBN, page 20:\nฝูงสัตว์ทั้งหลายอันได้กระทำบาปด้วยกาย ด้วยปาก ด้วยใจ ดังกล่าวแล้วนี้ ย่อมได้ไปเกิดในจตุราบาย มีอาทิคือนรกใหญ่ ๘ ขุมนั้น\nfǔung sàt táng-lǎai an dâai grà-tam bàap dûai gaai · dûai bpàak · dûai jai · dang glàao lɛ́ɛo níi · yɔ̂m dâai bpai gə̀ət nai jà-dtù-raa-baai · mii aa-tí kʉʉ ná-rók yài · bpɛ̀ɛt · kǔm nán\nAll the creatures that have committed sins with [their] bodies, with [their] mouths, [or] with [their] minds, as previously described, would have to be born in caturāpāya, such as those eight great naraka, for instance.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"(classifier ขุม) naraka: realm in which beings are born and punished for the sins committed in previous lives."
],
"id": "en-นรก-th-noun-0ENpD041",
"links": [
[
"Buddhism",
"Buddhism"
],
[
"Hinduism",
"Hinduism"
],
[
"ขุม",
"ขุม#Thai"
],
[
"naraka",
"naraka"
],
[
"realm",
"realm"
],
[
"being",
"being"
],
[
"born",
"born"
],
[
"punish",
"punish"
],
[
"sin",
"sin"
],
[
"commit",
"commit"
],
[
"previous",
"previous"
],
[
"lives",
"life"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Buddhism, Hinduism) (classifier ขุม) naraka: realm in which beings are born and punished for the sins committed in previous lives."
],
"tags": [
"Hinduism"
],
"topics": [
"Buddhism",
"lifestyle",
"religion"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "2019 April 24, ยิ่งยศ ปัญญา, 4:20 from the start, in ฉันผลักลูกลงนรกด้วยมือของฉันเอง (กรงกรรม), spoken by ย้อย อัศวรุ่งเรืองกิจ (ใหม่ เจริญปุระ), Bangkok: Channel 3, retrieved 2019-07-30:\nฉันผลักลูกลงนรกด้วยมือของฉันเอง\nchǎn plàk lûuk long ná-rók dûai mʉʉ kɔ̌ɔng chǎn eeng\nI plunged [our] kids into naraka with my own hands.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"place, state, or cause of torment or misery."
],
"id": "en-นรก-th-noun-49dkUPAo",
"links": [
[
"place",
"place"
],
[
"state",
"state"
],
[
"cause",
"cause"
],
[
"torment",
"torment"
],
[
"misery",
"misery"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figurative) place, state, or cause of torment or misery."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "th",
"name": "Mythology",
"orig": "th:Mythology",
"parents": [
"Culture",
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "th",
"name": "Theology",
"orig": "th:Theology",
"parents": [
"Philosophy",
"Religion",
"All topics",
"Culture",
"Fundamental",
"Society"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "19 12 4 65 1",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "th",
"name": "Afterlife",
"orig": "th:Afterlife",
"parents": [
"Death",
"Mythology",
"Philosophy",
"Religion",
"Body",
"Life",
"Culture",
"All topics",
"Nature",
"Society",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 11 0 51 0",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "th",
"name": "Death",
"orig": "th:Death",
"parents": [
"Body",
"Life",
"All topics",
"Nature",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 12 10 67 1",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "th",
"name": "Hell",
"orig": "th:Hell",
"parents": [
"Afterlife",
"Horror",
"Torture",
"Death",
"Mythology",
"Philosophy",
"Religion",
"Literature",
"Speculative fiction",
"Violence",
"Body",
"Life",
"Culture",
"All topics",
"Entertainment",
"Writing",
"Fiction",
"Genres",
"Human behaviour",
"Nature",
"Society",
"Fundamental",
"Language",
"Artistic works",
"Human",
"Communication",
"Art"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hell; purgatory; underworld; realm of the dead."
],
"id": "en-นรก-th-noun-xXKmz1Rf",
"links": [
[
"theology",
"theology"
],
[
"mythology",
"mythology"
],
[
"hell",
"hell"
],
[
"purgatory",
"purgatory"
],
[
"underworld",
"underworld"
],
[
"realm",
"realm"
],
[
"dead",
"dead"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(theology, mythology) hell; purgatory; underworld; realm of the dead."
],
"topics": [
"human-sciences",
"lifestyle",
"mysticism",
"mythology",
"philosophy",
"religion",
"sciences",
"theology"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "33 33 3 11 4 3 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 26 6 22 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Thai entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 16 8 20 44",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Thai terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant script codes",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"disagreeable person; condemnable person; disgusting person."
],
"id": "en-นรก-th-noun-09oJSM4t",
"links": [
[
"derogatory",
"derogatory"
],
[
"disagreeable",
"disagreeable"
],
[
"person",
"person"
],
[
"condemnable",
"condemnable"
],
[
"disgusting",
"disgusting"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(derogatory, offensive) disagreeable person; condemnable person; disgusting person."
],
"tags": [
"derogatory",
"offensive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "[bound form]"
},
{
"other": "[bound form]"
},
{
"ipa": "/na˦˥.rok̚˦˥/",
"tags": [
"standard"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/na˦˥.rok̚˦˥./",
"tags": [
"standard"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/na˦˥.rok̚˦˥.ka˨˩./",
"tags": [
"standard"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "ní-rá-yá",
"word": "นิรยะ"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "à-baai",
"word": "อบาย"
}
],
"word": "นรก"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "th",
"2": "pi",
"3": "naraka"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Pali naraka",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "th",
"2": "sa",
"3": "नरक"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit नरक (naraka)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "th",
"2": "okz",
"3": "naraka"
},
"expansion": "Old Khmer naraka",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "my",
"2": "နရက်"
},
"expansion": "Burmese နရက် (na.rak)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "km",
"2": "នរក"
},
"expansion": "Khmer នរក (nɔɔnɔrŭək)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lo",
"2": "ນະລົກ"
},
"expansion": "Lao ນະລົກ (na lok)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dv",
"2": "ނަރަކަ"
},
"expansion": "Dhivehi ނަރަކަ (naraka)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Pali naraka or Sanskrit नरक (naraka); possibly via Old Khmer naraka, naroka, °narraka, °nāraka (“hell; purgatory”). Cognate with Burmese နရက် (na.rak), Modern Khmer នរក (nɔɔnɔrŭək), Lao ນະລົກ (na lok), Dhivehi ނަރަކަ (naraka).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ná-rók",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "ความนรก",
"tags": [
"abstract-noun"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "นรก • (ná-rók) (abstract noun ความนรก)",
"name": "th-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Thai",
"lang_code": "th",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"derived": [
{
"word": "เดนนรก"
},
{
"word": "ตกนรกทั้งเป็น"
},
{
"word": "นรกจกเปรต"
},
{
"word": "นรกภูมิ"
},
{
"word": "นรกานต์"
},
{
"word": "ยานรก"
},
{
"roman": "roong-ngaan-ná-rók",
"word": "โรงงานนรก"
},
{
"word": "เศษนรก"
},
{
"word": "สวรรค์ในอกนรกในใจ"
},
{
"word": "สวรรค์อยู่ในอก นรกอยู่ในใจ"
},
{
"roman": "sàt-ná-rók",
"word": "สัตว์นรก"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Bad timing; imperfect timing; ruinous timing",
"roman": "jang-wà ná-rók",
"text": "จังหวะนรก",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"mischievous, malicious; ill, wicked; dangerous, harmful; deadly, fetal; ruinous, destructive; bad; imperfect."
],
"id": "en-นรก-th-adj--2w86xFh",
"links": [
[
"derogatory",
"derogatory"
],
[
"mischievous",
"mischievous"
],
[
"malicious",
"malicious"
],
[
"ill",
"ill"
],
[
"wicked",
"wicked"
],
[
"dangerous",
"dangerous"
],
[
"harmful",
"harmful"
],
[
"deadly",
"deadly"
],
[
"fetal",
"fetal"
],
[
"ruinous",
"ruinous"
],
[
"destructive",
"destructive"
],
[
"bad",
"bad"
],
[
"imperfect",
"imperfect"
]
],
"qualifier": "sometimes considered vulgar",
"raw_glosses": [
"(slang, sometimes considered vulgar, derogatory or offensive) mischievous, malicious; ill, wicked; dangerous, harmful; deadly, fetal; ruinous, destructive; bad; imperfect."
],
"tags": [
"derogatory",
"offensive",
"slang"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "[bound form]"
},
{
"other": "[bound form]"
},
{
"ipa": "/na˦˥.rok̚˦˥/",
"tags": [
"standard"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/na˦˥.rok̚˦˥./",
"tags": [
"standard"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/na˦˥.rok̚˦˥.ka˨˩./",
"tags": [
"standard"
]
}
],
"word": "นรก"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"th:Afterlife",
"th:Death",
"th:Hell"
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "masculine",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pi-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "นรโก",
"roman": "narako",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "นรกา",
"roman": "narakā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "นรกํ",
"roman": "narakaṃ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "นรเก",
"roman": "narake",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "นรเกน",
"roman": "narakena",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "นรเกหิ",
"roman": "narakehi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "นรเกภิ",
"roman": "narakebhi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "นรกสฺส",
"roman": "narakassa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "นรกาย",
"roman": "narakāya",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "นรกตฺถํ",
"roman": "narakatthaṃ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "นรกานํ",
"roman": "narakānaṃ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "นรกสฺมา",
"roman": "narakasmā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "นรกมฺหา",
"roman": "narakamhā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "นรกา",
"roman": "narakā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "นรเกหิ",
"roman": "narakehi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "นรเกภิ",
"roman": "narakebhi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "นรกสฺส",
"roman": "narakassa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "นรกานํ",
"roman": "narakānaṃ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "นรกสฺมิํ",
"roman": "narakasmiṃ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "นรกมฺหิ",
"roman": "narakamhi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "นรเก",
"roman": "narake",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "นรเกสุ",
"roman": "narakesu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "นรก",
"roman": "naraka",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "นรกา",
"roman": "narakā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "นรก m",
"name": "pi-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "m"
},
"name": "pi-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Pali",
"lang_code": "pi",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pali entries with incorrect language header",
"Pali lemmas",
"Pali masculine nouns",
"Pali nouns",
"Pali nouns in Thai script",
"Thai script"
],
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "hell",
"word": "naraka"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Thai script form of naraka (“hell”)"
],
"links": [
[
"naraka",
"naraka#Pali"
]
],
"tags": [
"Thai",
"character",
"form-of",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"word": "นรก"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"th:Afterlife",
"th:Death",
"th:Hell"
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "náraka",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "m",
"g2": "n",
"tr": "náraka"
},
"expansion": "นรก • (náraka) stem, m or n",
"name": "sa-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"lang_code": "sa",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Sanskrit entries with incorrect language header",
"Sanskrit lemmas",
"Sanskrit masculine nouns",
"Sanskrit neuter nouns",
"Sanskrit nouns",
"Sanskrit nouns in Thai script",
"Sanskrit nouns with multiple genders",
"Sanskrit terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Thai script"
],
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "hell",
"word": "नरक"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Thai script form of नरक (“hell”)"
],
"links": [
[
"नरक",
"नरक#Sanskrit"
]
],
"tags": [
"Thai",
"character",
"form-of"
]
}
],
"word": "นรก"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Thai/ok̚",
"Thai 2-syllable words",
"Thai 3-syllable words",
"Thai adjectives",
"Thai entries with incorrect language header",
"Thai lemmas",
"Thai nouns",
"Thai nouns classified by ขุม",
"Thai prefixes",
"Thai terms borrowed from Old Khmer",
"Thai terms borrowed from Pali",
"Thai terms borrowed from Sanskrit",
"Thai terms derived from Old Khmer",
"Thai terms derived from Pali",
"Thai terms derived from Sanskrit",
"Thai terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Thai terms with redundant script codes",
"th:Afterlife",
"th:Death",
"th:Hell"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "th",
"2": "pi",
"3": "naraka"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Pali naraka",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "th",
"2": "sa",
"3": "नरक"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit नरक (naraka)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "th",
"2": "okz",
"3": "naraka"
},
"expansion": "Old Khmer naraka",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "my",
"2": "နရက်"
},
"expansion": "Burmese နရက် (na.rak)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "km",
"2": "នរក"
},
"expansion": "Khmer នរក (nɔɔnɔrŭək)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lo",
"2": "ນະລົກ"
},
"expansion": "Lao ນະລົກ (na lok)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dv",
"2": "ނަރަކަ"
},
"expansion": "Dhivehi ނަރަކަ (naraka)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Pali naraka or Sanskrit नरक (naraka); possibly via Old Khmer naraka, naroka, °narraka, °nāraka (“hell; purgatory”). Cognate with Burmese နရက် (na.rak), Modern Khmer នរក (nɔɔnɔrŭək), Lao ນະລົກ (na lok), Dhivehi ނަރަކަ (naraka).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ná-rók",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "นรก • (ná-rók)",
"name": "th-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Thai",
"lang_code": "th",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Thai terms with usage examples",
"th:Buddhism",
"th:Hinduism"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "1345/46, พระมหาธรรมราชาที่ ๑, “ไตรภูมิกถา”, in ราชบัณฑิตยสถาน (2011) พจนานุกรมศัพท์วรรณคดีไทย สมัยสุโขทัย ไตรภูมิกถา (in Thai), 2nd edition, Bangkok: ราชบัณฑิตยสถาน, →ISBN, page 20:\nฝูงสัตว์ทั้งหลายอันได้กระทำบาปด้วยกาย ด้วยปาก ด้วยใจ ดังกล่าวแล้วนี้ ย่อมได้ไปเกิดในจตุราบาย มีอาทิคือนรกใหญ่ ๘ ขุมนั้น\nfǔung sàt táng-lǎai an dâai grà-tam bàap dûai gaai · dûai bpàak · dûai jai · dang glàao lɛ́ɛo níi · yɔ̂m dâai bpai gə̀ət nai jà-dtù-raa-baai · mii aa-tí kʉʉ ná-rók yài · bpɛ̀ɛt · kǔm nán\nAll the creatures that have committed sins with [their] bodies, with [their] mouths, [or] with [their] minds, as previously described, would have to be born in caturāpāya, such as those eight great naraka, for instance.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"(classifier ขุม) naraka: realm in which beings are born and punished for the sins committed in previous lives."
],
"links": [
[
"Buddhism",
"Buddhism"
],
[
"Hinduism",
"Hinduism"
],
[
"ขุม",
"ขุม#Thai"
],
[
"naraka",
"naraka"
],
[
"realm",
"realm"
],
[
"being",
"being"
],
[
"born",
"born"
],
[
"punish",
"punish"
],
[
"sin",
"sin"
],
[
"commit",
"commit"
],
[
"previous",
"previous"
],
[
"lives",
"life"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Buddhism, Hinduism) (classifier ขุม) naraka: realm in which beings are born and punished for the sins committed in previous lives."
],
"tags": [
"Hinduism"
],
"topics": [
"Buddhism",
"lifestyle",
"religion"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Thai terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "2019 April 24, ยิ่งยศ ปัญญา, 4:20 from the start, in ฉันผลักลูกลงนรกด้วยมือของฉันเอง (กรงกรรม), spoken by ย้อย อัศวรุ่งเรืองกิจ (ใหม่ เจริญปุระ), Bangkok: Channel 3, retrieved 2019-07-30:\nฉันผลักลูกลงนรกด้วยมือของฉันเอง\nchǎn plàk lûuk long ná-rók dûai mʉʉ kɔ̌ɔng chǎn eeng\nI plunged [our] kids into naraka with my own hands.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"place, state, or cause of torment or misery."
],
"links": [
[
"place",
"place"
],
[
"state",
"state"
],
[
"cause",
"cause"
],
[
"torment",
"torment"
],
[
"misery",
"misery"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figurative) place, state, or cause of torment or misery."
],
"tags": [
"figuratively"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"th:Mythology",
"th:Theology"
],
"glosses": [
"hell; purgatory; underworld; realm of the dead."
],
"links": [
[
"theology",
"theology"
],
[
"mythology",
"mythology"
],
[
"hell",
"hell"
],
[
"purgatory",
"purgatory"
],
[
"underworld",
"underworld"
],
[
"realm",
"realm"
],
[
"dead",
"dead"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(theology, mythology) hell; purgatory; underworld; realm of the dead."
],
"topics": [
"human-sciences",
"lifestyle",
"mysticism",
"mythology",
"philosophy",
"religion",
"sciences",
"theology"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Thai derogatory terms",
"Thai offensive terms"
],
"glosses": [
"disagreeable person; condemnable person; disgusting person."
],
"links": [
[
"derogatory",
"derogatory"
],
[
"disagreeable",
"disagreeable"
],
[
"person",
"person"
],
[
"condemnable",
"condemnable"
],
[
"disgusting",
"disgusting"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(derogatory, offensive) disagreeable person; condemnable person; disgusting person."
],
"tags": [
"derogatory",
"offensive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "[bound form]"
},
{
"other": "[bound form]"
},
{
"ipa": "/na˦˥.rok̚˦˥/",
"tags": [
"standard"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/na˦˥.rok̚˦˥./",
"tags": [
"standard"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/na˦˥.rok̚˦˥.ka˨˩./",
"tags": [
"standard"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "ní-rá-yá",
"word": "นิรยะ"
},
{
"roman": "à-baai",
"word": "อบาย"
}
],
"word": "นรก"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Thai/ok̚",
"Thai 2-syllable words",
"Thai 3-syllable words",
"Thai adjectives",
"Thai entries with incorrect language header",
"Thai lemmas",
"Thai nouns",
"Thai nouns classified by ขุม",
"Thai prefixes",
"Thai terms borrowed from Old Khmer",
"Thai terms borrowed from Pali",
"Thai terms borrowed from Sanskrit",
"Thai terms derived from Old Khmer",
"Thai terms derived from Pali",
"Thai terms derived from Sanskrit",
"Thai terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Thai terms with redundant script codes",
"th:Afterlife",
"th:Death",
"th:Hell"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "เดนนรก"
},
{
"word": "ตกนรกทั้งเป็น"
},
{
"word": "นรกจกเปรต"
},
{
"word": "นรกภูมิ"
},
{
"word": "นรกานต์"
},
{
"word": "ยานรก"
},
{
"roman": "roong-ngaan-ná-rók",
"word": "โรงงานนรก"
},
{
"word": "เศษนรก"
},
{
"word": "สวรรค์ในอกนรกในใจ"
},
{
"word": "สวรรค์อยู่ในอก นรกอยู่ในใจ"
},
{
"roman": "sàt-ná-rók",
"word": "สัตว์นรก"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "th",
"2": "pi",
"3": "naraka"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Pali naraka",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "th",
"2": "sa",
"3": "नरक"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit नरक (naraka)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "th",
"2": "okz",
"3": "naraka"
},
"expansion": "Old Khmer naraka",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "my",
"2": "နရက်"
},
"expansion": "Burmese နရက် (na.rak)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "km",
"2": "នរក"
},
"expansion": "Khmer នរក (nɔɔnɔrŭək)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lo",
"2": "ນະລົກ"
},
"expansion": "Lao ນະລົກ (na lok)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dv",
"2": "ނަރަކަ"
},
"expansion": "Dhivehi ނަރަކަ (naraka)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Pali naraka or Sanskrit नरक (naraka); possibly via Old Khmer naraka, naroka, °narraka, °nāraka (“hell; purgatory”). Cognate with Burmese နရက် (na.rak), Modern Khmer នរក (nɔɔnɔrŭək), Lao ນະລົກ (na lok), Dhivehi ނަރަކަ (naraka).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "ná-rók",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "ความนรก",
"tags": [
"abstract-noun"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "นรก • (ná-rók) (abstract noun ความนรก)",
"name": "th-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Thai",
"lang_code": "th",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Thai derogatory terms",
"Thai offensive terms",
"Thai slang",
"Thai terms with usage examples",
"Thai vulgarities"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Bad timing; imperfect timing; ruinous timing",
"roman": "jang-wà ná-rók",
"text": "จังหวะนรก",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"mischievous, malicious; ill, wicked; dangerous, harmful; deadly, fetal; ruinous, destructive; bad; imperfect."
],
"links": [
[
"derogatory",
"derogatory"
],
[
"mischievous",
"mischievous"
],
[
"malicious",
"malicious"
],
[
"ill",
"ill"
],
[
"wicked",
"wicked"
],
[
"dangerous",
"dangerous"
],
[
"harmful",
"harmful"
],
[
"deadly",
"deadly"
],
[
"fetal",
"fetal"
],
[
"ruinous",
"ruinous"
],
[
"destructive",
"destructive"
],
[
"bad",
"bad"
],
[
"imperfect",
"imperfect"
]
],
"qualifier": "sometimes considered vulgar",
"raw_glosses": [
"(slang, sometimes considered vulgar, derogatory or offensive) mischievous, malicious; ill, wicked; dangerous, harmful; deadly, fetal; ruinous, destructive; bad; imperfect."
],
"tags": [
"derogatory",
"offensive",
"slang"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "[bound form]"
},
{
"other": "[bound form]"
},
{
"ipa": "/na˦˥.rok̚˦˥/",
"tags": [
"standard"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/na˦˥.rok̚˦˥./",
"tags": [
"standard"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/na˦˥.rok̚˦˥.ka˨˩./",
"tags": [
"standard"
]
}
],
"word": "นรก"
}
Download raw JSONL data for นรก meaning in All languages combined (14.1kB)
{
"called_from": "inflection/2466",
"msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Pali]; cleaned text: Nominative (first)",
"path": [
"นรก"
],
"section": "Pali",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "นรก",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2466",
"msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Pali]; cleaned text: Accusative (second)",
"path": [
"นรก"
],
"section": "Pali",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "นรก",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2466",
"msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Pali]; cleaned text: Instrumental (third)",
"path": [
"นรก"
],
"section": "Pali",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "นรก",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2466",
"msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Pali]; cleaned text: Dative (fourth)",
"path": [
"นรก"
],
"section": "Pali",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "นรก",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2466",
"msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Pali]; cleaned text: Ablative (fifth)",
"path": [
"นรก"
],
"section": "Pali",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "นรก",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2466",
"msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Pali]; cleaned text: Genitive (sixth)",
"path": [
"นรก"
],
"section": "Pali",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "นรก",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2466",
"msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Pali]; cleaned text: Locative (seventh)",
"path": [
"นรก"
],
"section": "Pali",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "นรก",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2466",
"msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Pali]; cleaned text: Vocative (calling)",
"path": [
"นรก"
],
"section": "Pali",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "นรก",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-03-09 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-03-02 using wiktextract (32c88e6 and 633533e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.