See кулак on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for кулак meaning in All languages combined (43.0kB)
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "be",
"2": "trk",
"3": "*kulak"
},
"expansion": "Turkic",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Probably from Turkic.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "кула́к",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "kulák",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "кулака́",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "кулакі́",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кулако́ў",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "be-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "accent-b",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "кула́к",
"roman": "kulák",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кулакі́",
"roman": "kulakí",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кулака́",
"roman": "kulaká",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кулако́ў",
"roman": "kulakóŭ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кулаку́",
"roman": "kulakú",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кулака́м",
"roman": "kulakám",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кула́к",
"roman": "kulák",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кулакі́",
"roman": "kulakí",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кулако́м",
"roman": "kulakóm",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кулака́мі",
"roman": "kulakámi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кулаку́",
"roman": "kulakú",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кулака́х",
"roman": "kulakáx",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"count-form",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кулакі́",
"roman": "kulakí",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"count-form",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "кула́к<b>"
},
"expansion": "кула́к • (kulák) m inan (genitive кулака́, nominative plural кулакі́, genitive plural кулако́ў)",
"name": "be-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "кула́к<b>"
},
"name": "be-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Belarusian",
"lang_code": "be",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"fist (clenched hand)"
],
"id": "en-кулак-be-noun-ZdOJHQHo",
"links": [
[
"fist",
"fist"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[kuˈɫak]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ak"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q9091_(bel)-Ssvb-кулак.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/7e/LL-Q9091_%28bel%29-Ssvb-%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BA.wav/LL-Q9091_%28bel%29-Ssvb-%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BA.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/7e/LL-Q9091_%28bel%29-Ssvb-%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BA.wav/LL-Q9091_%28bel%29-Ssvb-%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BA.wav.ogg",
"text": "Audio"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"Belarusian",
"Latin"
],
"word": "kułak — Łacinka"
}
],
"word": "кулак"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "be",
"2": "trk",
"3": "*kulak"
},
"expansion": "Turkic",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Probably from Turkic.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "кула́к",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "kulák",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "кулака́",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "кулакі́",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кулако́ў",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кула́чка",
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "be-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "accent-b",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "кула́к",
"roman": "kulák",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кулакі́",
"roman": "kulakí",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кулака́",
"roman": "kulaká",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кулако́ў",
"roman": "kulakóŭ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кулаку́",
"roman": "kulakú",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кулака́м",
"roman": "kulakám",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кулака́",
"roman": "kulaká",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кулако́ў",
"roman": "kulakóŭ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кулако́м",
"roman": "kulakóm",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кулака́мі",
"roman": "kulakámi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кулаку́",
"roman": "kulakú",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кулака́х",
"roman": "kulakáx",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"count-form",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кулакі́",
"roman": "kulakí",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"count-form",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "кула́к<b.pr>",
"f": "кула́чка"
},
"expansion": "кула́к • (kulák) m pers (genitive кулака́, nominative plural кулакі́, genitive plural кулако́ў, feminine кула́чка)",
"name": "be-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "кула́к<b.pr>"
},
"name": "be-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Belarusian",
"lang_code": "be",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "7 93",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Belarusian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "43 57",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Belarusian nouns with accent pattern b",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"kulak"
],
"id": "en-кулак-be-noun-gvRbJhhS",
"links": [
[
"derogatory",
"derogatory"
],
[
"kulak",
"kulak"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical, usually derogatory) kulak"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "курку́ль"
}
],
"tags": [
"derogatory",
"historical",
"usually"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[kuˈɫak]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ak"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q9091_(bel)-Ssvb-кулак.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/7e/LL-Q9091_%28bel%29-Ssvb-%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BA.wav/LL-Q9091_%28bel%29-Ssvb-%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BA.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/7e/LL-Q9091_%28bel%29-Ssvb-%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BA.wav/LL-Q9091_%28bel%29-Ssvb-%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BA.wav.ogg",
"text": "Audio"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"tags": [
"Belarusian",
"Latin"
],
"word": "kułak — Łacinka"
}
],
"word": "кулак"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "loanword",
"2": "Borrowed"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "ru",
"3": "кула́к",
"4": "",
"5": "fist",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Russian кула́к (kulák, “fist”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "ru",
"3": "кула́к",
"4": "",
"5": "fist"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Russian кула́к (kulák, “fist”)",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "trk",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Turkic",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Russian кула́к (kulák, “fist”), probably of Turkic origin.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "кула́к",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "kulák",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "кула́чка",
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "bg-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "кула́к",
"roman": "kulák",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кула́ци",
"roman": "kuláci",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кула́кът",
"roman": "kulákǎt",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"singular",
"subjective"
]
},
{
"form": "кула́ците",
"roman": "kulácite",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"plural",
"subjective"
]
},
{
"form": "кула́ка",
"roman": "kuláka",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"objective",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кула́ците",
"roman": "kulácite",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"objective",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кула́ко",
"roman": "kuláko",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "кула́ци",
"roman": "kuláci",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "кула́к",
"2": "m",
"f": "кула́чка"
},
"expansion": "кула́к • (kulák) m (feminine кула́чка)",
"name": "bg-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "кула́к<(h)>"
},
"name": "bg-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Bulgarian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"kulak (free farmer within the Communist bloc who opposed collectivization)"
],
"id": "en-кулак-bg-noun-VdwegWS9",
"links": [
[
"kulak",
"kulak"
],
[
"Communist bloc",
"w:Eastern Bloc"
],
[
"collectivization",
"w:Collectivization in the Soviet Union"
]
],
"qualifier": "Soviet society",
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical, Soviet society) kulak (free farmer within the Communist bloc who opposed collectivization)"
],
"tags": [
"historical"
],
"wikipedia": [
"bg:Кулаци"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[koˈɫak]"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q7918 (bul)-Kiril kovachev-кулак.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/55/LL-Q7918_%28bul%29-Kiril_kovachev-%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BA.wav/LL-Q7918_%28bul%29-Kiril_kovachev-%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BA.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/55/LL-Q7918_%28bul%29-Kiril_kovachev-%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BA.wav/LL-Q7918_%28bul%29-Kiril_kovachev-%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BA.wav.ogg",
"text": "Audio"
}
],
"word": "кулак"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "kulak",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sjd",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "кулак (kulak)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Kildin Sami",
"lang_code": "sjd",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Kildin Sami entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "kulle",
"word": "куллэ"
}
],
"glosses": [
"second-person singular indicative present of куллэ (kulle)"
],
"id": "en-кулак-sjd-verb-D1ena8LA",
"links": [
[
"куллэ",
"куллэ#Kildin Sami"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "kulax",
"word": "кулах"
}
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"indicative",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkulak/"
}
],
"word": "кулак"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ky",
"2": "trk-pro",
"3": "*kulkak",
"4": "",
"5": "ear"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Turkic *kulkak (“ear”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kk",
"2": "құлақ"
},
"expansion": "Kazakh құлақ (qūlaq)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "alt",
"2": "кулак"
},
"expansion": "Southern Altai кулак (kulak)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "crh",
"2": "qulaq"
},
"expansion": "Crimean Tatar qulaq",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "krc",
"2": "къулакъ"
},
"expansion": "Karachay-Balkar къулакъ (qulaq)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kum",
"2": "къулакъ"
},
"expansion": "Kumyk къулакъ (qulaq)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ba",
"2": "ҡолаҡ"
},
"expansion": "Bashkir ҡолаҡ (qolaq)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tt",
"2": "колак"
},
"expansion": "Tatar колак (qolaq)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "az",
"2": "qulaq"
},
"expansion": "Azerbaijani qulaq",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gag",
"2": "kulak"
},
"expansion": "Gagauz kulak",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "kulak"
},
"expansion": "Turkish kulak",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tk",
"2": "gulak"
},
"expansion": "Turkmen gulak",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "uz",
"2": "quloq"
},
"expansion": "Uzbek quloq",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ug",
"2": "قۇلاق"
},
"expansion": "Uyghur قۇلاق (qulaq)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kjh",
"2": "хулах"
},
"expansion": "Khakas хулах (xulax)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cjs",
"2": "қулақ"
},
"expansion": "Shor қулақ",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kim",
"2": "ӄулаӄ"
},
"expansion": "Tofa ӄулаӄ",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tyv",
"2": "кулак"
},
"expansion": "Tuvan кулак (kulak)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ybe",
"2": "qulaq"
},
"expansion": "Western Yugur qulaq",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Turkic *kulkak (“ear”). Cognate with Kazakh құлақ (qūlaq), Southern Altai кулак (kulak), Crimean Tatar qulaq, Karachay-Balkar къулакъ (qulaq), Kumyk къулакъ (qulaq), Bashkir ҡолаҡ (qolaq), Tatar колак (qolaq), Azerbaijani qulaq, Gagauz kulak, Turkish kulak, Turkmen gulak, Uzbek quloq, Uyghur قۇلاق (qulaq), Khakas хулах (xulax), Shor қулақ, Tofa ӄулаӄ, Tuvan кулак (kulak), Western Yugur qulaq, etc.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kulak",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "قۇلاق",
"tags": [
"Arabic"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ky",
"2": "noun",
"3": "Arabic spelling",
"4": "قۇلاق",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "кулак • (kulak) (Arabic spelling قۇلاق)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "кулак • (kulak) (Arabic spelling قۇلاق)",
"name": "ky-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Kyrgyz",
"lang_code": "ky",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Kyrgyz entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"ear"
],
"id": "en-кулак-ky-noun-PGo2tkD8",
"links": [
[
"ear",
"ear"
]
]
}
],
"word": "кулак"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "trk",
"3": "*kulak"
},
"expansion": "Turkic",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "und",
"2": "*kul",
"t": "hand"
},
"expansion": "*kul (“hand”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ba",
"2": "ҡул",
"t": "arm, hand"
},
"expansion": "Bashkir ҡул (qul, “arm, hand”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tt",
"2": "кул",
"t": "arm, hand"
},
"expansion": "Tatar кул (qul, “arm, hand”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "kol",
"t": "arm"
},
"expansion": "Turkish kol (“arm”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "",
"3": "держа́ть в кулаке́",
"4": "to keep in dependence"
},
"expansion": "держа́ть в кулаке́ (deržátʹ v kulaké, “to keep in dependence”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Probably from Turkic, with the same meaning, from *kul (“hand”). Compare Bashkir ҡул (qul, “arm, hand”), Tatar кул (qul, “arm, hand”) and Turkish kol (“arm”). The sense of “wealthy farmer” is from the expression держа́ть в кулаке́ (deržátʹ v kulaké, “to keep in dependence”) or developed figuratively as “fist” → “tightfisted person”.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "кула́к",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "kulák",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "кулака́",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "кулаки́",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кулако́в",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кула́чный",
"tags": [
"adjective",
"relational"
]
},
{
"form": "кулачо́к",
"tags": [
"diminutive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ru-noun-table",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "velar-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "accent-b",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "кула́к",
"roman": "kulák",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кулаки́",
"roman": "kulakí",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кулака́",
"roman": "kulaká",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кулако́в",
"roman": "kulakóv",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кулаку́",
"roman": "kulakú",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кулака́м",
"roman": "kulakám",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кула́к",
"roman": "kulák",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кулаки́",
"roman": "kulakí",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кулако́м",
"roman": "kulakóm",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кулака́ми",
"roman": "kulakámi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кулаке́",
"roman": "kulaké",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"prepositional",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кулака́х",
"roman": "kulakáx",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"prepositional"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "b",
"2": "кула́к",
"adj": "кула́чный",
"dim": "кулачо́к"
},
"expansion": "кула́к • (kulák) m inan (genitive кулака́, nominative plural кулаки́, genitive plural кулако́в, relational adjective кула́чный, diminutive кулачо́к)",
"name": "ru-noun+"
}
],
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "43 15 24 18",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "ru",
"name": "Anatomy",
"orig": "ru:Anatomy",
"parents": [
"Biology",
"Medicine",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"fist"
],
"id": "en-кулак-ru-noun-kfSVmKw6",
"links": [
[
"fist",
"fist"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "ru",
"name": "Military",
"orig": "ru:Military",
"parents": [
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "0 69 0 31",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "ru",
"name": "Politics",
"orig": "ru:Politics",
"parents": [
"Society",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"concentrated force"
],
"id": "en-кулак-ru-noun-10gIesD5",
"links": [
[
"military",
"military"
],
[
"force",
"force"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(military) concentrated force"
],
"topics": [
"government",
"military",
"politics",
"war"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"cam"
],
"id": "en-кулак-ru-noun-cHo8ZMfA",
"links": [
[
"cam",
"cam"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(mechanical) cam"
],
"topics": [
"engineering",
"mechanical",
"mechanical-engineering",
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[kʊˈɫak]"
},
{
"audio": "Ru-кулак.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/26/Ru-%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BA.ogg/Ru-%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BA.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/26/Ru-%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BA.ogg",
"text": "Audio"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "kulák",
"word": "кула́къ — Pre-reform orthography (1918)"
}
],
"word": "кулак"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "kulak",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: kulak",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: kulak"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "izh",
"2": "kulakka",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Ingrian: kulakka",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Ingrian: kulakka"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "kulak",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Turkish: kulak",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Turkish: kulak"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uz",
"2": "quloq",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Uzbek: quloq",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Uzbek: quloq"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "trk",
"3": "*kulak"
},
"expansion": "Turkic",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "und",
"2": "*kul",
"t": "hand"
},
"expansion": "*kul (“hand”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ba",
"2": "ҡул",
"t": "arm, hand"
},
"expansion": "Bashkir ҡул (qul, “arm, hand”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tt",
"2": "кул",
"t": "arm, hand"
},
"expansion": "Tatar кул (qul, “arm, hand”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "kol",
"t": "arm"
},
"expansion": "Turkish kol (“arm”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "",
"3": "держа́ть в кулаке́",
"4": "to keep in dependence"
},
"expansion": "держа́ть в кулаке́ (deržátʹ v kulaké, “to keep in dependence”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Probably from Turkic, with the same meaning, from *kul (“hand”). Compare Bashkir ҡул (qul, “arm, hand”), Tatar кул (qul, “arm, hand”) and Turkish kol (“arm”). The sense of “wealthy farmer” is from the expression держа́ть в кулаке́ (deržátʹ v kulaké, “to keep in dependence”) or developed figuratively as “fist” → “tightfisted person”.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "кула́к",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "kulák",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "кулака́",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "кулаки́",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кулако́в",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кула́чка",
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "кула́цкий",
"tags": [
"adjective",
"relational"
]
},
{
"form": "кулачо́к",
"tags": [
"diminutive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ru-noun-table",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "velar-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "accent-b",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "кула́к",
"roman": "kulák",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кулаки́",
"roman": "kulakí",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кулака́",
"roman": "kulaká",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кулако́в",
"roman": "kulakóv",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кулаку́",
"roman": "kulakú",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кулака́м",
"roman": "kulakám",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кулака́",
"roman": "kulaká",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кулако́в",
"roman": "kulakóv",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кулако́м",
"roman": "kulakóm",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кулака́ми",
"roman": "kulakámi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кулаке́",
"roman": "kulaké",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"prepositional",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кулака́х",
"roman": "kulakáx",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"prepositional"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "b",
"2": "кула́к",
"a": "an",
"adj": "кула́цкий",
"dim": "кулачо́к",
"f": "кула́чка"
},
"expansion": "кула́к • (kulák) m anim (genitive кулака́, nominative plural кулаки́, genitive plural кулако́в, feminine кула́чка, relational adjective кула́цкий, diminutive кулачо́к)",
"name": "ru-noun+"
}
],
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "3 3 23 71",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Russian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 4 20 70",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Russian links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 12 16 57",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Russian nouns with accent pattern b",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 0 1 99",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "ru",
"name": "People",
"orig": "ru:People",
"parents": [
"Human",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "kuláčnyj",
"word": "кула́чный"
},
{
"roman": "kuláčestvo",
"word": "кула́чество"
},
{
"roman": "kulačók",
"word": "кулачо́к"
},
{
"roman": "raskuláčivatʹ",
"word": "раскула́чивать"
},
{
"english": "subkulak",
"roman": "podkuláčnik",
"word": "подкула́чник"
},
{
"english": "repression against kulaks",
"roman": "raskuláčivanije",
"word": "раскула́чивание"
}
],
"glosses": [
"kulak (a prosperous peasant in the Russian Empire or the Soviet Union, who owned land and could hire workers)"
],
"id": "en-кулак-ru-noun-UfxfnL4z",
"links": [
[
"derogatory",
"derogatory"
],
[
"kulak",
"kulak"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical, usually derogatory) kulak (a prosperous peasant in the Russian Empire or the Soviet Union, who owned land and could hire workers)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "курку́ль"
}
],
"tags": [
"derogatory",
"historical",
"usually"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[kʊˈɫak]"
},
{
"audio": "Ru-кулак.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/26/Ru-%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BA.ogg/Ru-%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BA.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/26/Ru-%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BA.ogg",
"text": "Audio"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"roman": "kulák",
"word": "кула́къ — Pre-reform orthography (1918)"
}
],
"word": "кулак"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "alt",
"2": "trk-pro",
"3": "*kulkak",
"4": "",
"5": "ear"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Turkic *kulkak (“ear”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kk",
"2": "құлақ"
},
"expansion": "Kazakh құлақ (qūlaq)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ky",
"2": "кулак"
},
"expansion": "Kyrgyz кулак (kulak)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "crh",
"2": "qulaq"
},
"expansion": "Crimean Tatar qulaq",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "krc",
"2": "къулакъ"
},
"expansion": "Karachay-Balkar къулакъ (qulaq)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kum",
"2": "къулакъ"
},
"expansion": "Kumyk къулакъ (qulaq)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ba",
"2": "ҡолаҡ"
},
"expansion": "Bashkir ҡолаҡ (qolaq)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tt",
"2": "колак"
},
"expansion": "Tatar колак (qolaq)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "az",
"2": "qulaq"
},
"expansion": "Azerbaijani qulaq",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gag",
"2": "kulak"
},
"expansion": "Gagauz kulak",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "kulak"
},
"expansion": "Turkish kulak",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tk",
"2": "gulak"
},
"expansion": "Turkmen gulak",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "uz",
"2": "quloq"
},
"expansion": "Uzbek quloq",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ug",
"2": "قۇلاق"
},
"expansion": "Uyghur قۇلاق (qulaq)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kjh",
"2": "хулах"
},
"expansion": "Khakas хулах (xulax)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cjs",
"2": "қулақ"
},
"expansion": "Shor қулақ",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kim",
"2": "ӄулаӄ"
},
"expansion": "Tofa ӄулаӄ",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tyv",
"2": "кулак"
},
"expansion": "Tuvan кулак (kulak)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ybe",
"2": "qulaq"
},
"expansion": "Western Yugur qulaq",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Turkic *kulkak (“ear”). Cognate with Kazakh құлақ (qūlaq), Kyrgyz кулак (kulak), Crimean Tatar qulaq, Karachay-Balkar къулакъ (qulaq), Kumyk къулакъ (qulaq), Bashkir ҡолаҡ (qolaq), Tatar колак (qolaq), Azerbaijani qulaq, Gagauz kulak, Turkish kulak, Turkmen gulak, Uzbek quloq, Uyghur قۇلاق (qulaq), Khakas хулах (xulax), Shor қулақ, Tofa ӄулаӄ, Tuvan кулак (kulak), Western Yugur qulaq, etc.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kulak",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "alt",
"2": "noun",
"head": "",
"tr": ""
},
"expansion": "кулак • (kulak)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "кулак • (kulak)",
"name": "alt-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Southern Altai",
"lang_code": "alt",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Southern Altai entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"ear"
],
"id": "en-кулак-alt-noun-PGo2tkD8",
"links": [
[
"ear",
"ear"
]
]
}
],
"word": "кулак"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tyv",
"2": "trk-pro",
"3": "*kulkak",
"4": "",
"5": "ear"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Turkic *kulkak (“ear”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "kulak"
},
"expansion": "Turkish kulak",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Turkic *kulkak (“ear”). Cognate with Turkish kulak.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kulak",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "кулакты",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite"
]
},
{
"form": "кулактар",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "tyv-decl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "кулак",
"roman": "kulak",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кулактар",
"roman": "kulaktar",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кулактың",
"roman": "kulaktıñ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кулактарның",
"roman": "kulaktarnıñ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кулакты",
"roman": "kulaktı",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кулактарны",
"roman": "kulaktarnı",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кулакка",
"roman": "kulakka",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кулактарга",
"roman": "kulaktarga",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кулакта",
"roman": "kulakta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кулактарда",
"roman": "kulaktarda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кулактан",
"roman": "kulaktan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кулактардан",
"roman": "kulaktardan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кулакче",
"roman": "kulakçe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"prolative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кулактарже",
"roman": "kulaktarje",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"prolative"
]
},
{
"form": "кулактыва",
"roman": "kulaktıva",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"prolative",
"prolative-ii",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кулактардыва",
"roman": "kulaktardıva",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"prolative",
"prolative-ii"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "tyv-decl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "кулакым",
"roman": "kulakım",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кулактарым",
"roman": "kulaktarım",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "кулакымның",
"roman": "kulakımnıñ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кулактарымның",
"roman": "kulaktarımnıñ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "кулакымны",
"roman": "kulakımnı",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кулактарымны",
"roman": "kulaktarımnı",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "кулакымга",
"roman": "kulakımga",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кулактарымга",
"roman": "kulaktarımga",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "кулакымда",
"roman": "kulakımda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кулактарымда",
"roman": "kulaktarımda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "кулакымдан",
"roman": "kulakımdan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кулактарымдан",
"roman": "kulaktarımdan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "кулакымже",
"roman": "kulakımje",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"possessive",
"prolative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кулактарымже",
"roman": "kulaktarımje",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"possessive",
"prolative"
]
},
{
"form": "кулакымдыва",
"roman": "kulakımdıva",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"possessive",
"prolative",
"prolative-ii",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кулактарымдыва",
"roman": "kulaktarımdıva",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"possessive",
"prolative",
"prolative-ii"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tyv",
"2": "noun",
"3": "definite accusative",
"4": "кулакты",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "plural",
"8": "кулактар",
"f1accel-form": "def|acc|s",
"f1request": "1",
"f3accel-form": "p",
"f3request": "1",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "кулак • (kulak) (definite accusative кулакты, plural кулактар)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ты",
"2": "тар"
},
"expansion": "кулак • (kulak) (definite accusative кулакты, plural кулактар)",
"name": "tyv-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "а"
},
"name": "tyv-decl"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "кулак",
"10": "кулактарда",
"11": "кулактан",
"12": "кулактардан",
"13": "кулакче",
"14": "кулактарже",
"15": "кулактыва",
"16": "кулактардыва",
"2": "кулактар",
"3": "кулактың",
"4": "кулактарның",
"5": "кулакты",
"6": "кулактарны",
"7": "кулакка",
"8": "кулактарга",
"9": "кулакта"
},
"name": "tyv-decl-noun"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "кулакым",
"10": "кулактарымда",
"11": "кулакымдан",
"12": "кулактарымдан",
"13": "кулакымже",
"14": "кулактарымже",
"15": "кулакымдыва",
"16": "кулактарымдыва",
"2": "кулактарым",
"3": "кулакымның",
"4": "кулактарымның",
"5": "кулакымны",
"6": "кулактарымны",
"7": "кулакымга",
"8": "кулактарымга",
"9": "кулакымда",
"title": "First person singular possessive forms"
},
"name": "tyv-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Tuvan",
"lang_code": "tyv",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Tuvan entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Tuvan entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "tyv",
"name": "Organs",
"orig": "tyv:Organs",
"parents": [
"Body parts",
"Body",
"Anatomy",
"Human",
"Biology",
"Medicine",
"All topics",
"Sciences",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"ear"
],
"id": "en-кулак-tyv-noun-PGo2tkD8",
"links": [
[
"ear",
"ear"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/qʊˈɫaq/"
}
],
"word": "кулак"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "кула́к",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "kulák",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "кулака́",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "кулаки́",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кулакі́в",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кула́чний",
"tags": [
"adjective",
"relational"
]
},
{
"form": "кулачо́к",
"tags": [
"diminutive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "uk-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "accent-b",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "кула́к",
"roman": "kulák",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кулаки́",
"roman": "kulaký",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кулака́",
"roman": "kulaká",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кулакі́в",
"roman": "kulakív",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кулако́ві",
"roman": "kulakóvi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кулаку́",
"roman": "kulakú",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кулака́м",
"roman": "kulakám",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кула́к",
"roman": "kulák",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кулаки́",
"roman": "kulaký",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кулако́м",
"roman": "kulakóm",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кулака́ми",
"roman": "kulakámy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кулаку́",
"roman": "kulakú",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кулаці́",
"roman": "kulací",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кулака́х",
"roman": "kulakáx",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кулаку́",
"roman": "kulakú",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "кулаки́",
"roman": "kulaký",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "кула́к<b.locu:i>",
"adj": "кула́чний",
"dim": "кулачо́к"
},
"expansion": "кула́к • (kulák) m inan (genitive кулака́, nominative plural кулаки́, genitive plural кулакі́в, relational adjective кула́чний, diminutive кулачо́к)",
"name": "uk-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "кула́к<b.locu:i>"
},
"name": "uk-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"fist"
],
"id": "en-кулак-uk-noun-kfSVmKw6",
"links": [
[
"fist",
"fist"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"cog"
],
"id": "en-кулак-uk-noun-oIPpQXdW",
"links": [
[
"cog",
"cog"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[kʊˈɫak]"
},
{
"audio": "Uk-кулак.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/11/Uk-%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BA.ogg/Uk-%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BA.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/11/Uk-%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BA.ogg",
"text": "Audio"
}
],
"word": "кулак"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "кула́к",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "kulák",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "кулака́",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "кулаки́",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кулакі́в",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кула́чка",
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "кула́цький",
"tags": [
"adjective",
"relational"
]
},
{
"form": "кулачо́к",
"tags": [
"diminutive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "uk-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "accent-b",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "кула́к",
"roman": "kulák",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кулаки́",
"roman": "kulaký",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кулака́",
"roman": "kulaká",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кулакі́в",
"roman": "kulakív",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кулако́ві",
"roman": "kulakóvi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кулаку́",
"roman": "kulakú",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кулака́м",
"roman": "kulakám",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кулака́",
"roman": "kulaká",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кулакі́в",
"roman": "kulakív",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кулако́м",
"roman": "kulakóm",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кулака́ми",
"roman": "kulakámy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кулако́ві",
"roman": "kulakóvi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кулаку́",
"roman": "kulakú",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кулака́х",
"roman": "kulakáx",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кула́че",
"roman": "kuláče",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "кулаки́",
"roman": "kulaký",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "кула́к<b.pr.voce>",
"adj": "кула́цький",
"dim": "кулачо́к",
"f": "кула́чка"
},
"expansion": "кула́к • (kulák) m pers (genitive кулака́, nominative plural кулаки́, genitive plural кулакі́в, feminine кула́чка, relational adjective кула́цький, diminutive кулачо́к)",
"name": "uk-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "кула́к<b.pr.voce>"
},
"name": "uk-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "4 7 89",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ukrainian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 19 61",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ukrainian nouns with accent pattern b",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"kulak (a prosperous peasant in the Russian Empire or the Soviet Union, who owned land and could hire workers)"
],
"id": "en-кулак-uk-noun-UfxfnL4z",
"links": [
[
"derogatory",
"derogatory"
],
[
"kulak",
"kulak"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical, usually derogatory) kulak (a prosperous peasant in the Russian Empire or the Soviet Union, who owned land and could hire workers)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "курку́ль"
}
],
"tags": [
"derogatory",
"historical",
"usually"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[kʊˈɫak]"
},
{
"audio": "Uk-кулак.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/11/Uk-%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BA.ogg/Uk-%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BA.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/11/Uk-%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BA.ogg",
"text": "Audio"
}
],
"word": "кулак"
}
{
"categories": [
"Belarusian entries with incorrect language header",
"Belarusian inanimate nouns",
"Belarusian lemmas",
"Belarusian masculine nouns",
"Belarusian nouns",
"Belarusian nouns with accent pattern b",
"Belarusian personal nouns",
"Belarusian terms derived from Turkic languages",
"Belarusian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Belarusian terms with audio links",
"Belarusian velar-stem masculine-form accent-b nouns",
"Belarusian velar-stem masculine-form nouns",
"Rhymes:Belarusian/ak",
"Rhymes:Belarusian/ak/2 syllables"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "be",
"2": "trk",
"3": "*kulak"
},
"expansion": "Turkic",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Probably from Turkic.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "кула́к",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "kulák",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "кулака́",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "кулакі́",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кулако́ў",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "be-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "accent-b",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "кула́к",
"roman": "kulák",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кулакі́",
"roman": "kulakí",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кулака́",
"roman": "kulaká",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кулако́ў",
"roman": "kulakóŭ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кулаку́",
"roman": "kulakú",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кулака́м",
"roman": "kulakám",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кула́к",
"roman": "kulák",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кулакі́",
"roman": "kulakí",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кулако́м",
"roman": "kulakóm",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кулака́мі",
"roman": "kulakámi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кулаку́",
"roman": "kulakú",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кулака́х",
"roman": "kulakáx",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"count-form",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кулакі́",
"roman": "kulakí",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"count-form",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "кула́к<b>"
},
"expansion": "кула́к • (kulák) m inan (genitive кулака́, nominative plural кулакі́, genitive plural кулако́ў)",
"name": "be-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "кула́к<b>"
},
"name": "be-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Belarusian",
"lang_code": "be",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"fist (clenched hand)"
],
"links": [
[
"fist",
"fist"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[kuˈɫak]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ak"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q9091_(bel)-Ssvb-кулак.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/7e/LL-Q9091_%28bel%29-Ssvb-%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BA.wav/LL-Q9091_%28bel%29-Ssvb-%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BA.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/7e/LL-Q9091_%28bel%29-Ssvb-%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BA.wav/LL-Q9091_%28bel%29-Ssvb-%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BA.wav.ogg",
"text": "Audio"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"Belarusian",
"Latin"
],
"word": "kułak — Łacinka"
}
],
"word": "кулак"
}
{
"categories": [
"Belarusian entries with incorrect language header",
"Belarusian inanimate nouns",
"Belarusian lemmas",
"Belarusian masculine nouns",
"Belarusian nouns",
"Belarusian nouns with accent pattern b",
"Belarusian personal nouns",
"Belarusian terms derived from Turkic languages",
"Belarusian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Belarusian terms with audio links",
"Belarusian velar-stem masculine-form accent-b nouns",
"Belarusian velar-stem masculine-form nouns",
"Rhymes:Belarusian/ak",
"Rhymes:Belarusian/ak/2 syllables"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "be",
"2": "trk",
"3": "*kulak"
},
"expansion": "Turkic",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Probably from Turkic.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "кула́к",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "kulák",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "кулака́",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "кулакі́",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кулако́ў",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кула́чка",
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "be-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "accent-b",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "кула́к",
"roman": "kulák",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кулакі́",
"roman": "kulakí",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кулака́",
"roman": "kulaká",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кулако́ў",
"roman": "kulakóŭ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кулаку́",
"roman": "kulakú",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кулака́м",
"roman": "kulakám",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кулака́",
"roman": "kulaká",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кулако́ў",
"roman": "kulakóŭ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кулако́м",
"roman": "kulakóm",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кулака́мі",
"roman": "kulakámi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кулаку́",
"roman": "kulakú",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кулака́х",
"roman": "kulakáx",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"count-form",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кулакі́",
"roman": "kulakí",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"count-form",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "кула́к<b.pr>",
"f": "кула́чка"
},
"expansion": "кула́к • (kulák) m pers (genitive кулака́, nominative plural кулакі́, genitive plural кулако́ў, feminine кула́чка)",
"name": "be-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "кула́к<b.pr>"
},
"name": "be-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Belarusian",
"lang_code": "be",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Belarusian derogatory terms",
"Belarusian terms with historical senses"
],
"glosses": [
"kulak"
],
"links": [
[
"derogatory",
"derogatory"
],
[
"kulak",
"kulak"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical, usually derogatory) kulak"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "курку́ль"
}
],
"tags": [
"derogatory",
"historical",
"usually"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[kuˈɫak]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ak"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q9091_(bel)-Ssvb-кулак.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/7e/LL-Q9091_%28bel%29-Ssvb-%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BA.wav/LL-Q9091_%28bel%29-Ssvb-%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BA.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/7e/LL-Q9091_%28bel%29-Ssvb-%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BA.wav/LL-Q9091_%28bel%29-Ssvb-%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BA.wav.ogg",
"text": "Audio"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"Belarusian",
"Latin"
],
"word": "kułak — Łacinka"
}
],
"word": "кулак"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "loanword",
"2": "Borrowed"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "ru",
"3": "кула́к",
"4": "",
"5": "fist",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Russian кула́к (kulák, “fist”)",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "ru",
"3": "кула́к",
"4": "",
"5": "fist"
},
"expansion": "Borrowed from Russian кула́к (kulák, “fist”)",
"name": "bor+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "trk",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Turkic",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Russian кула́к (kulák, “fist”), probably of Turkic origin.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "кула́к",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "kulák",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "кула́чка",
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "bg-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "кула́к",
"roman": "kulák",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кула́ци",
"roman": "kuláci",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indefinite",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кула́кът",
"roman": "kulákǎt",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"singular",
"subjective"
]
},
{
"form": "кула́ците",
"roman": "kulácite",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"plural",
"subjective"
]
},
{
"form": "кула́ка",
"roman": "kuláka",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"objective",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кула́ците",
"roman": "kulácite",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"definite",
"objective",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кула́ко",
"roman": "kuláko",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "кула́ци",
"roman": "kuláci",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "кула́к",
"2": "m",
"f": "кула́чка"
},
"expansion": "кула́к • (kulák) m (feminine кула́чка)",
"name": "bg-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "кула́к<(h)>"
},
"name": "bg-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Bulgarian entries with incorrect language header",
"Bulgarian lemmas",
"Bulgarian masculine nouns",
"Bulgarian nouns",
"Bulgarian terms borrowed from Russian",
"Bulgarian terms derived from Russian",
"Bulgarian terms derived from Turkic languages",
"Bulgarian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Bulgarian terms with audio links",
"Bulgarian terms with historical senses"
],
"glosses": [
"kulak (free farmer within the Communist bloc who opposed collectivization)"
],
"links": [
[
"kulak",
"kulak"
],
[
"Communist bloc",
"w:Eastern Bloc"
],
[
"collectivization",
"w:Collectivization in the Soviet Union"
]
],
"qualifier": "Soviet society",
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical, Soviet society) kulak (free farmer within the Communist bloc who opposed collectivization)"
],
"tags": [
"historical"
],
"wikipedia": [
"bg:Кулаци"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[koˈɫak]"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q7918 (bul)-Kiril kovachev-кулак.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/55/LL-Q7918_%28bul%29-Kiril_kovachev-%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BA.wav/LL-Q7918_%28bul%29-Kiril_kovachev-%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BA.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/55/LL-Q7918_%28bul%29-Kiril_kovachev-%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BA.wav/LL-Q7918_%28bul%29-Kiril_kovachev-%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BA.wav.ogg",
"text": "Audio"
}
],
"word": "кулак"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "kulak",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sjd",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "кулак (kulak)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Kildin Sami",
"lang_code": "sjd",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Kildin Sami entries with incorrect language header",
"Kildin Sami non-lemma forms",
"Kildin Sami terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Kildin Sami verb forms"
],
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "kulle",
"word": "куллэ"
}
],
"glosses": [
"second-person singular indicative present of куллэ (kulle)"
],
"links": [
[
"куллэ",
"куллэ#Kildin Sami"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"indicative",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkulak/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "kulax",
"word": "кулах"
}
],
"word": "кулак"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ky",
"2": "trk-pro",
"3": "*kulkak",
"4": "",
"5": "ear"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Turkic *kulkak (“ear”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kk",
"2": "құлақ"
},
"expansion": "Kazakh құлақ (qūlaq)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "alt",
"2": "кулак"
},
"expansion": "Southern Altai кулак (kulak)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "crh",
"2": "qulaq"
},
"expansion": "Crimean Tatar qulaq",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "krc",
"2": "къулакъ"
},
"expansion": "Karachay-Balkar къулакъ (qulaq)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kum",
"2": "къулакъ"
},
"expansion": "Kumyk къулакъ (qulaq)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ba",
"2": "ҡолаҡ"
},
"expansion": "Bashkir ҡолаҡ (qolaq)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tt",
"2": "колак"
},
"expansion": "Tatar колак (qolaq)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "az",
"2": "qulaq"
},
"expansion": "Azerbaijani qulaq",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gag",
"2": "kulak"
},
"expansion": "Gagauz kulak",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "kulak"
},
"expansion": "Turkish kulak",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tk",
"2": "gulak"
},
"expansion": "Turkmen gulak",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "uz",
"2": "quloq"
},
"expansion": "Uzbek quloq",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ug",
"2": "قۇلاق"
},
"expansion": "Uyghur قۇلاق (qulaq)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kjh",
"2": "хулах"
},
"expansion": "Khakas хулах (xulax)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cjs",
"2": "қулақ"
},
"expansion": "Shor қулақ",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kim",
"2": "ӄулаӄ"
},
"expansion": "Tofa ӄулаӄ",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tyv",
"2": "кулак"
},
"expansion": "Tuvan кулак (kulak)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ybe",
"2": "qulaq"
},
"expansion": "Western Yugur qulaq",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Turkic *kulkak (“ear”). Cognate with Kazakh құлақ (qūlaq), Southern Altai кулак (kulak), Crimean Tatar qulaq, Karachay-Balkar къулакъ (qulaq), Kumyk къулакъ (qulaq), Bashkir ҡолаҡ (qolaq), Tatar колак (qolaq), Azerbaijani qulaq, Gagauz kulak, Turkish kulak, Turkmen gulak, Uzbek quloq, Uyghur قۇلاق (qulaq), Khakas хулах (xulax), Shor қулақ, Tofa ӄулаӄ, Tuvan кулак (kulak), Western Yugur qulaq, etc.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kulak",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "قۇلاق",
"tags": [
"Arabic"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ky",
"2": "noun",
"3": "Arabic spelling",
"4": "قۇلاق",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "кулак • (kulak) (Arabic spelling قۇلاق)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "кулак • (kulak) (Arabic spelling قۇلاق)",
"name": "ky-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Kyrgyz",
"lang_code": "ky",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Kyrgyz entries with incorrect language header",
"Kyrgyz lemmas",
"Kyrgyz nouns",
"Kyrgyz terms derived from Proto-Turkic",
"Kyrgyz terms inherited from Proto-Turkic"
],
"glosses": [
"ear"
],
"links": [
[
"ear",
"ear"
]
]
}
],
"word": "кулак"
}
{
"categories": [
"Russian 2-syllable words",
"Russian animate nouns",
"Russian entries with incorrect language header",
"Russian inanimate nouns",
"Russian lemmas",
"Russian links with redundant wikilinks",
"Russian masculine nouns",
"Russian nouns",
"Russian nouns with accent pattern b",
"Russian terms derived from Turkic languages",
"Russian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Russian terms with audio links",
"Russian velar-stem masculine-form accent-b nouns",
"Russian velar-stem masculine-form nouns",
"ru:Anatomy",
"ru:People",
"ru:Politics"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "trk",
"3": "*kulak"
},
"expansion": "Turkic",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "und",
"2": "*kul",
"t": "hand"
},
"expansion": "*kul (“hand”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ba",
"2": "ҡул",
"t": "arm, hand"
},
"expansion": "Bashkir ҡул (qul, “arm, hand”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tt",
"2": "кул",
"t": "arm, hand"
},
"expansion": "Tatar кул (qul, “arm, hand”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "kol",
"t": "arm"
},
"expansion": "Turkish kol (“arm”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "",
"3": "держа́ть в кулаке́",
"4": "to keep in dependence"
},
"expansion": "держа́ть в кулаке́ (deržátʹ v kulaké, “to keep in dependence”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Probably from Turkic, with the same meaning, from *kul (“hand”). Compare Bashkir ҡул (qul, “arm, hand”), Tatar кул (qul, “arm, hand”) and Turkish kol (“arm”). The sense of “wealthy farmer” is from the expression держа́ть в кулаке́ (deržátʹ v kulaké, “to keep in dependence”) or developed figuratively as “fist” → “tightfisted person”.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "кула́к",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "kulák",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "кулака́",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "кулаки́",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кулако́в",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кула́чный",
"tags": [
"adjective",
"relational"
]
},
{
"form": "кулачо́к",
"tags": [
"diminutive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ru-noun-table",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "velar-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "accent-b",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "кула́к",
"roman": "kulák",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кулаки́",
"roman": "kulakí",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кулака́",
"roman": "kulaká",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кулако́в",
"roman": "kulakóv",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кулаку́",
"roman": "kulakú",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кулака́м",
"roman": "kulakám",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кула́к",
"roman": "kulák",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кулаки́",
"roman": "kulakí",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кулако́м",
"roman": "kulakóm",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кулака́ми",
"roman": "kulakámi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кулаке́",
"roman": "kulaké",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"prepositional",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кулака́х",
"roman": "kulakáx",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"prepositional"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "b",
"2": "кула́к",
"adj": "кула́чный",
"dim": "кулачо́к"
},
"expansion": "кула́к • (kulák) m inan (genitive кулака́, nominative plural кулаки́, genitive plural кулако́в, relational adjective кула́чный, diminutive кулачо́к)",
"name": "ru-noun+"
}
],
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"fist"
],
"links": [
[
"fist",
"fist"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"ru:Military"
],
"glosses": [
"concentrated force"
],
"links": [
[
"military",
"military"
],
[
"force",
"force"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(military) concentrated force"
],
"topics": [
"government",
"military",
"politics",
"war"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"cam"
],
"links": [
[
"cam",
"cam"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(mechanical) cam"
],
"topics": [
"engineering",
"mechanical",
"mechanical-engineering",
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[kʊˈɫak]"
},
{
"audio": "Ru-кулак.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/26/Ru-%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BA.ogg/Ru-%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BA.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/26/Ru-%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BA.ogg",
"text": "Audio"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "kulák",
"word": "кула́къ — Pre-reform orthography (1918)"
}
],
"word": "кулак"
}
{
"categories": [
"Russian 2-syllable words",
"Russian animate nouns",
"Russian entries with incorrect language header",
"Russian inanimate nouns",
"Russian lemmas",
"Russian links with redundant wikilinks",
"Russian masculine nouns",
"Russian nouns",
"Russian nouns with accent pattern b",
"Russian terms derived from Turkic languages",
"Russian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Russian terms with audio links",
"Russian velar-stem masculine-form accent-b nouns",
"Russian velar-stem masculine-form nouns",
"ru:Anatomy",
"ru:People",
"ru:Politics"
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "kuláčnyj",
"word": "кула́чный"
},
{
"roman": "kuláčestvo",
"word": "кула́чество"
},
{
"roman": "kulačók",
"word": "кулачо́к"
},
{
"roman": "raskuláčivatʹ",
"word": "раскула́чивать"
},
{
"english": "subkulak",
"roman": "podkuláčnik",
"word": "подкула́чник"
},
{
"english": "repression against kulaks",
"roman": "raskuláčivanije",
"word": "раскула́чивание"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "kulak",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: kulak",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: kulak"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "izh",
"2": "kulakka",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Ingrian: kulakka",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Ingrian: kulakka"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "kulak",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Turkish: kulak",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Turkish: kulak"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uz",
"2": "quloq",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Uzbek: quloq",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Uzbek: quloq"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "trk",
"3": "*kulak"
},
"expansion": "Turkic",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "und",
"2": "*kul",
"t": "hand"
},
"expansion": "*kul (“hand”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ba",
"2": "ҡул",
"t": "arm, hand"
},
"expansion": "Bashkir ҡул (qul, “arm, hand”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tt",
"2": "кул",
"t": "arm, hand"
},
"expansion": "Tatar кул (qul, “arm, hand”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "kol",
"t": "arm"
},
"expansion": "Turkish kol (“arm”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "",
"3": "держа́ть в кулаке́",
"4": "to keep in dependence"
},
"expansion": "держа́ть в кулаке́ (deržátʹ v kulaké, “to keep in dependence”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Probably from Turkic, with the same meaning, from *kul (“hand”). Compare Bashkir ҡул (qul, “arm, hand”), Tatar кул (qul, “arm, hand”) and Turkish kol (“arm”). The sense of “wealthy farmer” is from the expression держа́ть в кулаке́ (deržátʹ v kulaké, “to keep in dependence”) or developed figuratively as “fist” → “tightfisted person”.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "кула́к",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "kulák",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "кулака́",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "кулаки́",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кулако́в",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кула́чка",
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "кула́цкий",
"tags": [
"adjective",
"relational"
]
},
{
"form": "кулачо́к",
"tags": [
"diminutive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ru-noun-table",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "velar-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "accent-b",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "кула́к",
"roman": "kulák",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кулаки́",
"roman": "kulakí",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кулака́",
"roman": "kulaká",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кулако́в",
"roman": "kulakóv",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кулаку́",
"roman": "kulakú",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кулака́м",
"roman": "kulakám",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кулака́",
"roman": "kulaká",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кулако́в",
"roman": "kulakóv",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кулако́м",
"roman": "kulakóm",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кулака́ми",
"roman": "kulakámi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кулаке́",
"roman": "kulaké",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"prepositional",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кулака́х",
"roman": "kulakáx",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"prepositional"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "b",
"2": "кула́к",
"a": "an",
"adj": "кула́цкий",
"dim": "кулачо́к",
"f": "кула́чка"
},
"expansion": "кула́к • (kulák) m anim (genitive кулака́, nominative plural кулаки́, genitive plural кулако́в, feminine кула́чка, relational adjective кула́цкий, diminutive кулачо́к)",
"name": "ru-noun+"
}
],
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Russian derogatory terms",
"Russian terms with historical senses"
],
"glosses": [
"kulak (a prosperous peasant in the Russian Empire or the Soviet Union, who owned land and could hire workers)"
],
"links": [
[
"derogatory",
"derogatory"
],
[
"kulak",
"kulak"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical, usually derogatory) kulak (a prosperous peasant in the Russian Empire or the Soviet Union, who owned land and could hire workers)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "курку́ль"
}
],
"tags": [
"derogatory",
"historical",
"usually"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[kʊˈɫak]"
},
{
"audio": "Ru-кулак.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/26/Ru-%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BA.ogg/Ru-%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BA.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/26/Ru-%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BA.ogg",
"text": "Audio"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "kulák",
"word": "кула́къ — Pre-reform orthography (1918)"
}
],
"word": "кулак"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "alt",
"2": "trk-pro",
"3": "*kulkak",
"4": "",
"5": "ear"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Turkic *kulkak (“ear”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kk",
"2": "құлақ"
},
"expansion": "Kazakh құлақ (qūlaq)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ky",
"2": "кулак"
},
"expansion": "Kyrgyz кулак (kulak)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "crh",
"2": "qulaq"
},
"expansion": "Crimean Tatar qulaq",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "krc",
"2": "къулакъ"
},
"expansion": "Karachay-Balkar къулакъ (qulaq)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kum",
"2": "къулакъ"
},
"expansion": "Kumyk къулакъ (qulaq)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ba",
"2": "ҡолаҡ"
},
"expansion": "Bashkir ҡолаҡ (qolaq)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tt",
"2": "колак"
},
"expansion": "Tatar колак (qolaq)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "az",
"2": "qulaq"
},
"expansion": "Azerbaijani qulaq",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gag",
"2": "kulak"
},
"expansion": "Gagauz kulak",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "kulak"
},
"expansion": "Turkish kulak",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tk",
"2": "gulak"
},
"expansion": "Turkmen gulak",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "uz",
"2": "quloq"
},
"expansion": "Uzbek quloq",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ug",
"2": "قۇلاق"
},
"expansion": "Uyghur قۇلاق (qulaq)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kjh",
"2": "хулах"
},
"expansion": "Khakas хулах (xulax)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cjs",
"2": "қулақ"
},
"expansion": "Shor қулақ",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kim",
"2": "ӄулаӄ"
},
"expansion": "Tofa ӄулаӄ",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tyv",
"2": "кулак"
},
"expansion": "Tuvan кулак (kulak)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ybe",
"2": "qulaq"
},
"expansion": "Western Yugur qulaq",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Turkic *kulkak (“ear”). Cognate with Kazakh құлақ (qūlaq), Kyrgyz кулак (kulak), Crimean Tatar qulaq, Karachay-Balkar къулакъ (qulaq), Kumyk къулакъ (qulaq), Bashkir ҡолаҡ (qolaq), Tatar колак (qolaq), Azerbaijani qulaq, Gagauz kulak, Turkish kulak, Turkmen gulak, Uzbek quloq, Uyghur قۇلاق (qulaq), Khakas хулах (xulax), Shor қулақ, Tofa ӄулаӄ, Tuvan кулак (kulak), Western Yugur qulaq, etc.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kulak",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "alt",
"2": "noun",
"head": "",
"tr": ""
},
"expansion": "кулак • (kulak)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "кулак • (kulak)",
"name": "alt-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Southern Altai",
"lang_code": "alt",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Southern Altai entries with incorrect language header",
"Southern Altai lemmas",
"Southern Altai nouns",
"Southern Altai terms derived from Proto-Turkic",
"Southern Altai terms inherited from Proto-Turkic"
],
"glosses": [
"ear"
],
"links": [
[
"ear",
"ear"
]
]
}
],
"word": "кулак"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tyv",
"2": "trk-pro",
"3": "*kulkak",
"4": "",
"5": "ear"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Turkic *kulkak (“ear”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "kulak"
},
"expansion": "Turkish kulak",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Turkic *kulkak (“ear”). Cognate with Turkish kulak.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kulak",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "кулакты",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"definite"
]
},
{
"form": "кулактар",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "tyv-decl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "кулак",
"roman": "kulak",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кулактар",
"roman": "kulaktar",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кулактың",
"roman": "kulaktıñ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кулактарның",
"roman": "kulaktarnıñ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кулакты",
"roman": "kulaktı",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кулактарны",
"roman": "kulaktarnı",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кулакка",
"roman": "kulakka",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кулактарга",
"roman": "kulaktarga",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кулакта",
"roman": "kulakta",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кулактарда",
"roman": "kulaktarda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кулактан",
"roman": "kulaktan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кулактардан",
"roman": "kulaktardan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кулакче",
"roman": "kulakçe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"prolative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кулактарже",
"roman": "kulaktarje",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"prolative"
]
},
{
"form": "кулактыва",
"roman": "kulaktıva",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"prolative",
"prolative-ii",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кулактардыва",
"roman": "kulaktardıva",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"prolative",
"prolative-ii"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "tyv-decl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "кулакым",
"roman": "kulakım",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кулактарым",
"roman": "kulaktarım",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "кулакымның",
"roman": "kulakımnıñ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кулактарымның",
"roman": "kulaktarımnıñ",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "кулакымны",
"roman": "kulakımnı",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кулактарымны",
"roman": "kulaktarımnı",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "кулакымга",
"roman": "kulakımga",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кулактарымга",
"roman": "kulaktarımga",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "кулакымда",
"roman": "kulakımda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кулактарымда",
"roman": "kulaktarımda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "кулакымдан",
"roman": "kulakımdan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"possessive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кулактарымдан",
"roman": "kulaktarımdan",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural",
"possessive"
]
},
{
"form": "кулакымже",
"roman": "kulakımje",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"possessive",
"prolative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кулактарымже",
"roman": "kulaktarımje",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"possessive",
"prolative"
]
},
{
"form": "кулакымдыва",
"roman": "kulakımdıva",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"possessive",
"prolative",
"prolative-ii",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кулактарымдыва",
"roman": "kulaktarımdıva",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"possessive",
"prolative",
"prolative-ii"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tyv",
"2": "noun",
"3": "definite accusative",
"4": "кулакты",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "plural",
"8": "кулактар",
"f1accel-form": "def|acc|s",
"f1request": "1",
"f3accel-form": "p",
"f3request": "1",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "кулак • (kulak) (definite accusative кулакты, plural кулактар)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ты",
"2": "тар"
},
"expansion": "кулак • (kulak) (definite accusative кулакты, plural кулактар)",
"name": "tyv-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "а"
},
"name": "tyv-decl"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "кулак",
"10": "кулактарда",
"11": "кулактан",
"12": "кулактардан",
"13": "кулакче",
"14": "кулактарже",
"15": "кулактыва",
"16": "кулактардыва",
"2": "кулактар",
"3": "кулактың",
"4": "кулактарның",
"5": "кулакты",
"6": "кулактарны",
"7": "кулакка",
"8": "кулактарга",
"9": "кулакта"
},
"name": "tyv-decl-noun"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "кулакым",
"10": "кулактарымда",
"11": "кулакымдан",
"12": "кулактарымдан",
"13": "кулакымже",
"14": "кулактарымже",
"15": "кулакымдыва",
"16": "кулактарымдыва",
"2": "кулактарым",
"3": "кулакымның",
"4": "кулактарымның",
"5": "кулакымны",
"6": "кулактарымны",
"7": "кулакымга",
"8": "кулактарымга",
"9": "кулакымда",
"title": "First person singular possessive forms"
},
"name": "tyv-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Tuvan",
"lang_code": "tyv",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Tuvan entries with incorrect language header",
"Tuvan entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Tuvan lemmas",
"Tuvan nouns",
"Tuvan terms derived from Proto-Turkic",
"Tuvan terms inherited from Proto-Turkic",
"Tuvan terms with IPA pronunciation",
"tyv:Organs"
],
"glosses": [
"ear"
],
"links": [
[
"ear",
"ear"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/qʊˈɫaq/"
}
],
"word": "кулак"
}
{
"categories": [
"Ukrainian entries with incorrect language header",
"Ukrainian inanimate nouns",
"Ukrainian lemmas",
"Ukrainian masculine nouns",
"Ukrainian nouns",
"Ukrainian nouns with accent pattern b",
"Ukrainian personal nouns",
"Ukrainian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Ukrainian terms with audio links",
"Ukrainian velar-stem masculine-form accent-b nouns",
"Ukrainian velar-stem masculine-form nouns"
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "кула́к",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "kulák",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "кулака́",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "кулаки́",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кулакі́в",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кула́чний",
"tags": [
"adjective",
"relational"
]
},
{
"form": "кулачо́к",
"tags": [
"diminutive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "uk-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "accent-b",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "кула́к",
"roman": "kulák",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кулаки́",
"roman": "kulaký",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кулака́",
"roman": "kulaká",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кулакі́в",
"roman": "kulakív",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кулако́ві",
"roman": "kulakóvi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кулаку́",
"roman": "kulakú",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кулака́м",
"roman": "kulakám",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кула́к",
"roman": "kulák",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кулаки́",
"roman": "kulaký",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кулако́м",
"roman": "kulakóm",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кулака́ми",
"roman": "kulakámy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кулаку́",
"roman": "kulakú",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кулаці́",
"roman": "kulací",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кулака́х",
"roman": "kulakáx",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кулаку́",
"roman": "kulakú",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "кулаки́",
"roman": "kulaký",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "кула́к<b.locu:i>",
"adj": "кула́чний",
"dim": "кулачо́к"
},
"expansion": "кула́к • (kulák) m inan (genitive кулака́, nominative plural кулаки́, genitive plural кулакі́в, relational adjective кула́чний, diminutive кулачо́к)",
"name": "uk-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "кула́к<b.locu:i>"
},
"name": "uk-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"fist"
],
"links": [
[
"fist",
"fist"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"cog"
],
"links": [
[
"cog",
"cog"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[kʊˈɫak]"
},
{
"audio": "Uk-кулак.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/11/Uk-%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BA.ogg/Uk-%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BA.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/11/Uk-%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BA.ogg",
"text": "Audio"
}
],
"word": "кулак"
}
{
"categories": [
"Ukrainian entries with incorrect language header",
"Ukrainian inanimate nouns",
"Ukrainian lemmas",
"Ukrainian masculine nouns",
"Ukrainian nouns",
"Ukrainian nouns with accent pattern b",
"Ukrainian personal nouns",
"Ukrainian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Ukrainian terms with audio links",
"Ukrainian velar-stem masculine-form accent-b nouns",
"Ukrainian velar-stem masculine-form nouns"
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "кула́к",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "kulák",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "кулака́",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "кулаки́",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кулакі́в",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кула́чка",
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "кула́цький",
"tags": [
"adjective",
"relational"
]
},
{
"form": "кулачо́к",
"tags": [
"diminutive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "uk-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "accent-b",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "кула́к",
"roman": "kulák",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кулаки́",
"roman": "kulaký",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кулака́",
"roman": "kulaká",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кулакі́в",
"roman": "kulakív",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кулако́ві",
"roman": "kulakóvi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кулаку́",
"roman": "kulakú",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кулака́м",
"roman": "kulakám",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кулака́",
"roman": "kulaká",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кулакі́в",
"roman": "kulakív",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кулако́м",
"roman": "kulakóm",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кулака́ми",
"roman": "kulakámy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кулако́ві",
"roman": "kulakóvi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кулаку́",
"roman": "kulakú",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "кулака́х",
"roman": "kulakáx",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "кула́че",
"roman": "kuláče",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "кулаки́",
"roman": "kulaký",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "кула́к<b.pr.voce>",
"adj": "кула́цький",
"dim": "кулачо́к",
"f": "кула́чка"
},
"expansion": "кула́к • (kulák) m pers (genitive кулака́, nominative plural кулаки́, genitive plural кулакі́в, feminine кула́чка, relational adjective кула́цький, diminutive кулачо́к)",
"name": "uk-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "кула́к<b.pr.voce>"
},
"name": "uk-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Ukrainian derogatory terms",
"Ukrainian terms with historical senses"
],
"glosses": [
"kulak (a prosperous peasant in the Russian Empire or the Soviet Union, who owned land and could hire workers)"
],
"links": [
[
"derogatory",
"derogatory"
],
[
"kulak",
"kulak"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(historical, usually derogatory) kulak (a prosperous peasant in the Russian Empire or the Soviet Union, who owned land and could hire workers)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "курку́ль"
}
],
"tags": [
"derogatory",
"historical",
"usually"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[kʊˈɫak]"
},
{
"audio": "Uk-кулак.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/11/Uk-%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BA.ogg/Uk-%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BA.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/11/Uk-%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BA.ogg",
"text": "Audio"
}
],
"word": "кулак"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.