See Ahn in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"antonyms": [
{
"sense_index": "1",
"word": "Baby"
},
{
"sense_index": "1",
"word": "Enkel"
},
{
"sense_index": "1",
"word": "Knabe"
},
{
"sense_index": "1",
"word": "Nachfahr"
},
{
"sense_index": "1",
"word": "Nachkomme"
},
{
"sense_index": "1",
"word": "Säugling"
},
{
"sense_index": "1",
"word": "Sohn"
},
{
"sense_index": "1",
"word": "Urenkel"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Anagramm sortiert (Deutsch)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Deutsch",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Einträge mit Endreim (Deutsch)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Grundformeintrag (Deutsch)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Rückläufige Wörterliste (Deutsch)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Rückläufige Wörterliste Grundformeintrag (Deutsch)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Substantiv (Deutsch)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Substantiv m (Deutsch)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Siehe auch",
"orig": "siehe auch",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Übersetzungen (Altgriechisch)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Übersetzungen (Althochdeutsch)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Übersetzungen (Latein)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Übersetzungen (Mittelhochdeutsch)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "Ahnenbild"
},
{
"word": "Ahnenerbe"
},
{
"word": "Ahnenfest"
},
{
"word": "Ahnenfigur"
},
{
"word": "Ahnenforschung"
},
{
"word": "Ahnengalerie"
},
{
"word": "Ahnengrab"
},
{
"word": "Ahnenkult"
},
{
"word": "Ahnenlinie"
},
{
"word": "Ahnenschwund"
},
{
"word": "Ahnentafel"
},
{
"word": "Ahnentempel"
},
{
"word": "Ahnfrau"
},
{
"word": "Ahnherr"
},
{
"word": "Urahn"
},
{
"word": "Ururahn"
}
],
"etymology_text": "althochdeutsch im 9. Jahrhundert ano ^(→ goh), mittelhochdeutsch an ^(→ gmh), ane ^(→ gmh) oder ene ^(→ gmh), mittelniederdeutsch āne „Vorfahr, Großvater, Urgroßvater“ kommt im germanischen Sprachbereich nur im Deutschen vor; ähnliche Worte im außergermanischen Sprachbereich sind altgriechisch ἀννίς (annis^☆) ^(→ grc) „Großmutter“, lateinisch anna ^(→ la) „Pflegemutter“ und anus ^(→ la) „alte Frau, Greisin“; daraus läßt sich die indogermanische Form *an erschließen, vermutlich ein Lallwort der Kindersprache für ältere Personen",
"forms": [
{
"form": "Ahnin",
"sense_index": "1",
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "Ahne",
"sense_index": "1",
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "der Ahn",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "der Ahn",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "die Ahnen",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "des Ahns",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "des Ahnes",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "des Ahnen",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "der Ahnen",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dem Ahn",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dem Ahne",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dem Ahnen",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "den Ahnen",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "den Ahn",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "den Ahnen",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "die Ahnen",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"hypernyms": [
{
"sense_index": "1, 2",
"word": "Familie"
},
{
"sense_index": "1, 2",
"word": "Verwandter"
}
],
"hyphenation": "Ahn",
"hyponyms": [
{
"sense_index": "1",
"word": "Eltern"
},
{
"sense_index": "1",
"word": "Elternteil"
},
{
"sense_index": "1",
"word": "Großeltern"
},
{
"sense_index": "1",
"word": "Großvater"
},
{
"sense_index": "1",
"word": "Urgroßeltern"
},
{
"sense_index": "1",
"word": "Urgroßvater"
},
{
"sense_index": "1",
"word": "Ururgroßeltern"
},
{
"sense_index": "1",
"word": "Ururgroßvater"
},
{
"sense_index": "1",
"word": "Vater"
}
],
"lang": "Deutsch",
"lang_code": "de",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"ref": "Theodor Fontane ^(→ WP): Ein Sommer in London. In: Projekt Gutenberg-DE. Die Middlesex-Wahl (URL) .",
"text": "„Wirf den Ruhm deines großen Ahnen nicht länger weg und gedenke der Perle im Sprichwort.“"
},
{
"text": "Der Junge im Stamm wurde angeklagt, seine Ahnen entehrt zu haben, weil er die Grabstätte mit Graffiti entstellt hatte."
},
{
"author": "Heinz Ohff ^(→ WP)",
"isbn": "3-492-11751-1",
"pages": "13",
"place": "München",
"publisher": "Piper",
"ref": "Heinz Ohff ^(→ WP): Der grüne Fürst. Das abenteuerliche Leben des Hermann Pückler-Muskau. Piper, München 1991, ISBN 3-492-11751-1, Seite 13 .",
"text": "„Romantische Todessehnsucht, in der Gruft der Ahnen theatralisch ausgespielt, und alberner Studentenulk scheinen zwar extreme Gegensätze.“",
"title": "Der grüne Fürst",
"title_complement": "Das abenteuerliche Leben des Hermann Pückler-Muskau",
"year": "1991"
},
{
"author": "Cay Rademacher",
"collection": "GeoEpoche: Afrika 1415-1960",
"number": "Heft 66",
"ref": "Cay Rademacher: Die Magie der Kriegerkönige. In: GeoEpoche: Afrika 1415-1960. Nummer Heft 66, 2014 , Seite 24-37, Zitat Seite 27.",
"text": "„Das Land gehört der Gemeinschaft, es ist heilig, denn man hat es von den Ahnen übernommen.“",
"title": "Die Magie der Kriegerkönige",
"year": "2014"
},
{
"author": "Charles Sealsfield",
"isbn": "3-7352-0163-6",
"pages": "136.",
"place": "Rudolstadt",
"publisher": "Greifenverlag",
"ref": "Charles Sealsfield: Der Legitime und die Republikaner. Eine Geschichte aus dem letzten amerikanisch-englischen Kriege. Greifenverlag, Rudolstadt 1989, ISBN 3-7352-0163-6, Seite 136. Zuerst 1833; diese Ausgabe beruht auf der von 1847.",
"text": "„Von dem weiten Gebiete seiner Ahnen war nur wenig auf ihn gekommen, von ihrer Freiheitsliebe, ihrem Stolze alles.“",
"title": "Der Legitime und die Republikaner",
"title_complement": "Eine Geschichte aus dem letzten amerikanisch-englischen Kriege",
"year": "1989"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Vorfahr, Vorfahren einer Gruppe oder eines Volkes"
],
"id": "de-Ahn-de-noun-vNbx-4JT",
"raw_tags": [
"gehoben",
"meist Plural"
],
"sense_index": "1",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"ref": "Carl Ludwig Schleich ^(→ WP): Besonnte Vergangenheit. In: Projekt Gutenberg-DE. Unersetzliche Verluste: Reinhold Begas und Berta von Arnswaldt (URL) .",
"text": "„Als wir des Löwen Enkelkind einst zum geschnitzten Tische führten, / Woran es einen Löwenkopf geschnitten sah, / Erkannte es den Ahn und sprach gerührten Herzens: ›Großpapa!‹ – […]“"
},
{
"text": "Die Jungen wussten nicht, was zu tun wäre, deshalb baten sie den erfahrenen Ahnen um guten Rat."
}
],
"glosses": [
"Großvater"
],
"id": "de-Ahn-de-noun-riLJR14l",
"raw_tags": [
"süddeutsch,"
],
"sense_index": "2",
"tags": [
"Austrian German"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "aːn"
},
{
"audio": "De-Ahn.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/21/De-Ahn.ogg/De-Ahn.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/De-Ahn.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-aːn"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"sense_index": "1",
"word": "Ahne"
},
{
"sense_index": "1",
"word": "Ahnherr"
},
{
"sense_index": "1",
"word": "Vorfahr"
},
{
"sense_index": "1",
"tags": [
"plural"
],
"word": "Vorväter"
},
{
"sense_index": "1",
"word": "Väter"
},
{
"sense_index": "2",
"word": "Großvater"
},
{
"sense_index": "2",
"tags": [
"Austrian German"
],
"word": "Ahnl"
},
{
"sense_index": "2",
"tags": [
"Austrian German"
],
"word": "Ähnl"
},
{
"sense_index": "2",
"tags": [
"Austrian German"
],
"word": "Ahndl"
},
{
"sense_index": "2",
"tags": [
"Austrian German"
],
"word": "Ähndl"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"translations": [
{
"lang": "Bosnisch",
"lang_code": "bs",
"roman": "predak",
"sense_index": "1",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "предак"
},
{
"lang": "Bosnisch",
"lang_code": "bs",
"raw_tags": [
"Pl."
],
"roman": "preci",
"sense_index": "1",
"word": "преци"
},
{
"lang": "Bosnisch",
"lang_code": "bs",
"roman": "rodonačelnik",
"sense_index": "1",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "родоначелник"
},
{
"lang": "Bosnisch",
"lang_code": "bs",
"roman": "praotac",
"sense_index": "1",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "праотац"
},
{
"lang": "Englisch",
"lang_code": "en",
"sense_index": "1",
"word": "ancestor"
},
{
"lang": "Englisch",
"lang_code": "en",
"sense_index": "1",
"word": "forefather"
},
{
"lang": "Französisch",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense_index": "1",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ancêtre"
},
{
"lang": "Französisch",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense_index": "1",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "aïeul"
},
{
"lang": "Griechisch (Neu-)",
"lang_code": "el",
"roman": "prógonos",
"sense_index": "1",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "πρόγονος"
},
{
"lang": "Italienisch",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense_index": "1",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "antenato"
},
{
"lang": "Italienisch",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense_index": "1",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "avo"
},
{
"lang": "Japanisch",
"lang_code": "ja",
"roman": "そせん, sosen",
"sense_index": "1",
"word": "祖先"
},
{
"lang": "Komorisch",
"lang_code": "swb",
"sense_index": "1",
"word": "mzee"
},
{
"lang": "Kroatisch",
"lang_code": "hr",
"sense_index": "1",
"word": "predak"
},
{
"lang": "Kroatisch",
"lang_code": "hr",
"sense_index": "1",
"word": "pradjed"
},
{
"lang": "Kroatisch",
"lang_code": "hr",
"sense_index": "1",
"word": "praotac"
},
{
"lang": "Latein",
"lang_code": "la",
"sense_index": "1",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "atavus"
},
{
"lang": "Lettisch",
"lang_code": "lv",
"sense_index": "1",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "sencis"
},
{
"lang": "Luxemburgisch",
"lang_code": "lb",
"sense_index": "1",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Ohn"
},
{
"lang": "Mazedonisch",
"lang_code": "mk",
"roman": "predak",
"sense_index": "1",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "предак"
},
{
"lang": "Mazedonisch",
"lang_code": "mk",
"raw_tags": [
"Pl."
],
"roman": "preci",
"sense_index": "1",
"word": "преци"
},
{
"lang": "Mazedonisch",
"lang_code": "mk",
"roman": "rodonačelnik",
"sense_index": "1",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "родоначелник"
},
{
"lang": "Mazedonisch",
"lang_code": "mk",
"roman": "praotac",
"sense_index": "1",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "праотац"
},
{
"lang": "Niederländisch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense_index": "1",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "stamvader"
},
{
"lang": "Niederländisch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense_index": "1",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "voorvader"
},
{
"lang": "Niederländisch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense_index": "1",
"word": "vorzaat"
},
{
"lang": "Norwegisch",
"lang_code": "no",
"sense_index": "1",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ane"
},
{
"lang": "Polnisch",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense_index": "1",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "przodek"
},
{
"lang": "Polnisch",
"lang_code": "pl",
"raw_tags": [
"/Plural,"
],
"sense_index": "1",
"word": "przodkowie"
},
{
"lang": "Portugiesisch",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense_index": "1",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ancestral"
},
{
"lang": "Portugiesisch",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense_index": "1",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "antepassado"
},
{
"lang": "Portugiesisch",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense_index": "1",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "avô"
},
{
"lang": "Russisch",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "predok",
"sense_index": "1",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "предок"
},
{
"lang": "Russisch",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "rodonačalʹnik",
"sense_index": "1",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "родоначальник"
},
{
"lang": "Schwedisch",
"lang_code": "sv",
"sense_index": "1",
"word": "förfader"
},
{
"lang": "Serbisch",
"lang_code": "sr",
"roman": "predak",
"sense_index": "1",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "предак"
},
{
"lang": "Serbisch",
"lang_code": "sr",
"raw_tags": [
"Pl."
],
"roman": "preci",
"sense_index": "1",
"word": "преци"
},
{
"lang": "Serbisch",
"lang_code": "sr",
"roman": "rodonačelnik",
"sense_index": "1",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "родоначелник"
},
{
"lang": "Serbisch",
"lang_code": "sr",
"roman": "praotac",
"sense_index": "1",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "праотац"
},
{
"lang": "Serbokroatisch",
"lang_code": "sh",
"roman": "predak",
"sense_index": "1",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "предак"
},
{
"lang": "Serbokroatisch",
"lang_code": "sh",
"raw_tags": [
"Pl."
],
"roman": "preci",
"sense_index": "1",
"word": "преци"
},
{
"lang": "Serbokroatisch",
"lang_code": "sh",
"roman": "rodonačelnik",
"sense_index": "1",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "родоначелник"
},
{
"lang": "Serbokroatisch",
"lang_code": "sh",
"roman": "praotac",
"sense_index": "1",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "праотац"
},
{
"lang": "Slowakisch",
"lang_code": "sk",
"sense_index": "1",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "predok"
},
{
"lang": "Slowakisch",
"lang_code": "sk",
"sense_index": "1",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "praotec"
},
{
"lang": "Spanisch",
"lang_code": "es",
"raw_tags": [
"/Plural,"
],
"sense_index": "1",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "abuelos"
},
{
"lang": "Spanisch",
"lang_code": "es",
"raw_tags": [
"/Plural,"
],
"sense_index": "1",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "antepasados"
},
{
"lang": "Suaheli",
"lang_code": "sw",
"sense_index": "1",
"word": "baba"
},
{
"lang": "Tschechisch",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense_index": "1",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "předek"
},
{
"lang": "Tschechisch",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense_index": "1",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "praotec"
},
{
"lang": "Tschechisch",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense_index": "1",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "děd"
},
{
"lang": "Tschechisch",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense_index": "1",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "děda"
},
{
"lang": "Bosnisch",
"lang_code": "bs",
"roman": "deda",
"sense_index": "2",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "деда"
},
{
"lang": "Bosnisch",
"lang_code": "bs",
"roman": "djed",
"sense_index": "2",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "дјед"
},
{
"lang": "Bosnisch",
"lang_code": "bs",
"roman": "djeda",
"sense_index": "2",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "дједа"
},
{
"lang": "Bosnisch",
"lang_code": "bs",
"roman": "đed",
"sense_index": "2",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ђед"
},
{
"lang": "Bosnisch",
"lang_code": "bs",
"roman": "did",
"sense_index": "2",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "дид"
},
{
"lang": "Bosnisch",
"lang_code": "bs",
"roman": "djid",
"sense_index": "2",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "дјид"
},
{
"lang": "Englisch",
"lang_code": "en",
"sense_index": "2",
"word": "grandfather"
},
{
"lang": "Französisch",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense_index": "2",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "grand-père"
},
{
"lang": "Italienisch",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense_index": "2",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "nonno"
},
{
"lang": "Kroatisch",
"lang_code": "hr",
"sense_index": "2",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "djed"
},
{
"lang": "Kroatisch",
"lang_code": "hr",
"sense_index": "2",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "djeda"
},
{
"lang": "Kroatisch",
"lang_code": "hr",
"sense_index": "2",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "did"
},
{
"lang": "Mazedonisch",
"lang_code": "mk",
"roman": "deda",
"sense_index": "2",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "деда"
},
{
"lang": "Mazedonisch",
"lang_code": "mk",
"roman": "ded",
"sense_index": "2",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "дед"
},
{
"lang": "Niederländisch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense_index": "2",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "grootvader"
},
{
"lang": "Norwegisch",
"lang_code": "no",
"sense_index": "2",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bestefar"
},
{
"lang": "Polnisch",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense_index": "2",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "dziadek"
},
{
"lang": "Portugiesisch",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense_index": "2",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "avô"
},
{
"lang": "Russisch",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "ded",
"sense_index": "2",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "дед"
},
{
"lang": "Russisch",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "deduška",
"sense_index": "2",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "дедушка"
},
{
"lang": "Schwedisch",
"lang_code": "sv",
"sense_index": "2",
"word": "farfar"
},
{
"lang": "Schwedisch",
"lang_code": "sv",
"sense_index": "2",
"word": "morfar"
},
{
"lang": "Serbisch",
"lang_code": "sr",
"roman": "deda",
"sense_index": "2",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "деда"
},
{
"lang": "Serbisch",
"lang_code": "sr",
"roman": "djed",
"sense_index": "2",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "дјед"
},
{
"lang": "Serbisch",
"lang_code": "sr",
"roman": "djeda",
"sense_index": "2",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "дједа"
},
{
"lang": "Serbisch",
"lang_code": "sr",
"roman": "đed",
"sense_index": "2",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ђед"
},
{
"lang": "Serbisch",
"lang_code": "sr",
"roman": "did",
"sense_index": "2",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "дид"
},
{
"lang": "Serbisch",
"lang_code": "sr",
"roman": "djid",
"sense_index": "2",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "дјид"
},
{
"lang": "Serbokroatisch",
"lang_code": "sh",
"roman": "deda",
"sense_index": "2",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "деда"
},
{
"lang": "Serbokroatisch",
"lang_code": "sh",
"roman": "djed",
"sense_index": "2",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "дјед"
},
{
"lang": "Serbokroatisch",
"lang_code": "sh",
"roman": "djeda",
"sense_index": "2",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "дједа"
},
{
"lang": "Serbokroatisch",
"lang_code": "sh",
"roman": "đed",
"sense_index": "2",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ђед"
},
{
"lang": "Serbokroatisch",
"lang_code": "sh",
"roman": "did",
"sense_index": "2",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "дид"
},
{
"lang": "Serbokroatisch",
"lang_code": "sh",
"roman": "djid",
"sense_index": "2",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "дјид"
},
{
"lang": "Slowakisch",
"lang_code": "sk",
"sense_index": "2",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "dedko"
},
{
"lang": "Slowakisch",
"lang_code": "sk",
"sense_index": "2",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "starý otec"
},
{
"lang": "Spanisch",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense_index": "2",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "abuelo"
},
{
"lang": "Tschechisch",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense_index": "2",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "děd"
},
{
"lang": "Tschechisch",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense_index": "2",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "děda"
},
{
"lang": "Tschechisch",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense_index": "2",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "dědeček"
}
],
"word": "Ahn"
}
{
"antonyms": [
{
"sense_index": "1",
"word": "Baby"
},
{
"sense_index": "1",
"word": "Enkel"
},
{
"sense_index": "1",
"word": "Knabe"
},
{
"sense_index": "1",
"word": "Nachfahr"
},
{
"sense_index": "1",
"word": "Nachkomme"
},
{
"sense_index": "1",
"word": "Säugling"
},
{
"sense_index": "1",
"word": "Sohn"
},
{
"sense_index": "1",
"word": "Urenkel"
}
],
"categories": [
"Anagramm sortiert (Deutsch)",
"Deutsch",
"Einträge mit Endreim (Deutsch)",
"Grundformeintrag (Deutsch)",
"Rückläufige Wörterliste (Deutsch)",
"Rückläufige Wörterliste Grundformeintrag (Deutsch)",
"Substantiv (Deutsch)",
"Substantiv m (Deutsch)",
"siehe auch",
"Übersetzungen (Altgriechisch)",
"Übersetzungen (Althochdeutsch)",
"Übersetzungen (Latein)",
"Übersetzungen (Mittelhochdeutsch)"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "Ahnenbild"
},
{
"word": "Ahnenerbe"
},
{
"word": "Ahnenfest"
},
{
"word": "Ahnenfigur"
},
{
"word": "Ahnenforschung"
},
{
"word": "Ahnengalerie"
},
{
"word": "Ahnengrab"
},
{
"word": "Ahnenkult"
},
{
"word": "Ahnenlinie"
},
{
"word": "Ahnenschwund"
},
{
"word": "Ahnentafel"
},
{
"word": "Ahnentempel"
},
{
"word": "Ahnfrau"
},
{
"word": "Ahnherr"
},
{
"word": "Urahn"
},
{
"word": "Ururahn"
}
],
"etymology_text": "althochdeutsch im 9. Jahrhundert ano ^(→ goh), mittelhochdeutsch an ^(→ gmh), ane ^(→ gmh) oder ene ^(→ gmh), mittelniederdeutsch āne „Vorfahr, Großvater, Urgroßvater“ kommt im germanischen Sprachbereich nur im Deutschen vor; ähnliche Worte im außergermanischen Sprachbereich sind altgriechisch ἀννίς (annis^☆) ^(→ grc) „Großmutter“, lateinisch anna ^(→ la) „Pflegemutter“ und anus ^(→ la) „alte Frau, Greisin“; daraus läßt sich die indogermanische Form *an erschließen, vermutlich ein Lallwort der Kindersprache für ältere Personen",
"forms": [
{
"form": "Ahnin",
"sense_index": "1",
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "Ahne",
"sense_index": "1",
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "der Ahn",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "der Ahn",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "die Ahnen",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "des Ahns",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "des Ahnes",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "des Ahnen",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "der Ahnen",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dem Ahn",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dem Ahne",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dem Ahnen",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "den Ahnen",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "den Ahn",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "den Ahnen",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "die Ahnen",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"hypernyms": [
{
"sense_index": "1, 2",
"word": "Familie"
},
{
"sense_index": "1, 2",
"word": "Verwandter"
}
],
"hyphenation": "Ahn",
"hyponyms": [
{
"sense_index": "1",
"word": "Eltern"
},
{
"sense_index": "1",
"word": "Elternteil"
},
{
"sense_index": "1",
"word": "Großeltern"
},
{
"sense_index": "1",
"word": "Großvater"
},
{
"sense_index": "1",
"word": "Urgroßeltern"
},
{
"sense_index": "1",
"word": "Urgroßvater"
},
{
"sense_index": "1",
"word": "Ururgroßeltern"
},
{
"sense_index": "1",
"word": "Ururgroßvater"
},
{
"sense_index": "1",
"word": "Vater"
}
],
"lang": "Deutsch",
"lang_code": "de",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"ref": "Theodor Fontane ^(→ WP): Ein Sommer in London. In: Projekt Gutenberg-DE. Die Middlesex-Wahl (URL) .",
"text": "„Wirf den Ruhm deines großen Ahnen nicht länger weg und gedenke der Perle im Sprichwort.“"
},
{
"text": "Der Junge im Stamm wurde angeklagt, seine Ahnen entehrt zu haben, weil er die Grabstätte mit Graffiti entstellt hatte."
},
{
"author": "Heinz Ohff ^(→ WP)",
"isbn": "3-492-11751-1",
"pages": "13",
"place": "München",
"publisher": "Piper",
"ref": "Heinz Ohff ^(→ WP): Der grüne Fürst. Das abenteuerliche Leben des Hermann Pückler-Muskau. Piper, München 1991, ISBN 3-492-11751-1, Seite 13 .",
"text": "„Romantische Todessehnsucht, in der Gruft der Ahnen theatralisch ausgespielt, und alberner Studentenulk scheinen zwar extreme Gegensätze.“",
"title": "Der grüne Fürst",
"title_complement": "Das abenteuerliche Leben des Hermann Pückler-Muskau",
"year": "1991"
},
{
"author": "Cay Rademacher",
"collection": "GeoEpoche: Afrika 1415-1960",
"number": "Heft 66",
"ref": "Cay Rademacher: Die Magie der Kriegerkönige. In: GeoEpoche: Afrika 1415-1960. Nummer Heft 66, 2014 , Seite 24-37, Zitat Seite 27.",
"text": "„Das Land gehört der Gemeinschaft, es ist heilig, denn man hat es von den Ahnen übernommen.“",
"title": "Die Magie der Kriegerkönige",
"year": "2014"
},
{
"author": "Charles Sealsfield",
"isbn": "3-7352-0163-6",
"pages": "136.",
"place": "Rudolstadt",
"publisher": "Greifenverlag",
"ref": "Charles Sealsfield: Der Legitime und die Republikaner. Eine Geschichte aus dem letzten amerikanisch-englischen Kriege. Greifenverlag, Rudolstadt 1989, ISBN 3-7352-0163-6, Seite 136. Zuerst 1833; diese Ausgabe beruht auf der von 1847.",
"text": "„Von dem weiten Gebiete seiner Ahnen war nur wenig auf ihn gekommen, von ihrer Freiheitsliebe, ihrem Stolze alles.“",
"title": "Der Legitime und die Republikaner",
"title_complement": "Eine Geschichte aus dem letzten amerikanisch-englischen Kriege",
"year": "1989"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Vorfahr, Vorfahren einer Gruppe oder eines Volkes"
],
"raw_tags": [
"gehoben",
"meist Plural"
],
"sense_index": "1",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"ref": "Carl Ludwig Schleich ^(→ WP): Besonnte Vergangenheit. In: Projekt Gutenberg-DE. Unersetzliche Verluste: Reinhold Begas und Berta von Arnswaldt (URL) .",
"text": "„Als wir des Löwen Enkelkind einst zum geschnitzten Tische führten, / Woran es einen Löwenkopf geschnitten sah, / Erkannte es den Ahn und sprach gerührten Herzens: ›Großpapa!‹ – […]“"
},
{
"text": "Die Jungen wussten nicht, was zu tun wäre, deshalb baten sie den erfahrenen Ahnen um guten Rat."
}
],
"glosses": [
"Großvater"
],
"raw_tags": [
"süddeutsch,"
],
"sense_index": "2",
"tags": [
"Austrian German"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "aːn"
},
{
"audio": "De-Ahn.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/21/De-Ahn.ogg/De-Ahn.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/De-Ahn.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-aːn"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"sense_index": "1",
"word": "Ahne"
},
{
"sense_index": "1",
"word": "Ahnherr"
},
{
"sense_index": "1",
"word": "Vorfahr"
},
{
"sense_index": "1",
"tags": [
"plural"
],
"word": "Vorväter"
},
{
"sense_index": "1",
"word": "Väter"
},
{
"sense_index": "2",
"word": "Großvater"
},
{
"sense_index": "2",
"tags": [
"Austrian German"
],
"word": "Ahnl"
},
{
"sense_index": "2",
"tags": [
"Austrian German"
],
"word": "Ähnl"
},
{
"sense_index": "2",
"tags": [
"Austrian German"
],
"word": "Ahndl"
},
{
"sense_index": "2",
"tags": [
"Austrian German"
],
"word": "Ähndl"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"translations": [
{
"lang": "Bosnisch",
"lang_code": "bs",
"roman": "predak",
"sense_index": "1",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "предак"
},
{
"lang": "Bosnisch",
"lang_code": "bs",
"raw_tags": [
"Pl."
],
"roman": "preci",
"sense_index": "1",
"word": "преци"
},
{
"lang": "Bosnisch",
"lang_code": "bs",
"roman": "rodonačelnik",
"sense_index": "1",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "родоначелник"
},
{
"lang": "Bosnisch",
"lang_code": "bs",
"roman": "praotac",
"sense_index": "1",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "праотац"
},
{
"lang": "Englisch",
"lang_code": "en",
"sense_index": "1",
"word": "ancestor"
},
{
"lang": "Englisch",
"lang_code": "en",
"sense_index": "1",
"word": "forefather"
},
{
"lang": "Französisch",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense_index": "1",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ancêtre"
},
{
"lang": "Französisch",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense_index": "1",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "aïeul"
},
{
"lang": "Griechisch (Neu-)",
"lang_code": "el",
"roman": "prógonos",
"sense_index": "1",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "πρόγονος"
},
{
"lang": "Italienisch",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense_index": "1",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "antenato"
},
{
"lang": "Italienisch",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense_index": "1",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "avo"
},
{
"lang": "Japanisch",
"lang_code": "ja",
"roman": "そせん, sosen",
"sense_index": "1",
"word": "祖先"
},
{
"lang": "Komorisch",
"lang_code": "swb",
"sense_index": "1",
"word": "mzee"
},
{
"lang": "Kroatisch",
"lang_code": "hr",
"sense_index": "1",
"word": "predak"
},
{
"lang": "Kroatisch",
"lang_code": "hr",
"sense_index": "1",
"word": "pradjed"
},
{
"lang": "Kroatisch",
"lang_code": "hr",
"sense_index": "1",
"word": "praotac"
},
{
"lang": "Latein",
"lang_code": "la",
"sense_index": "1",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "atavus"
},
{
"lang": "Lettisch",
"lang_code": "lv",
"sense_index": "1",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "sencis"
},
{
"lang": "Luxemburgisch",
"lang_code": "lb",
"sense_index": "1",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "Ohn"
},
{
"lang": "Mazedonisch",
"lang_code": "mk",
"roman": "predak",
"sense_index": "1",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "предак"
},
{
"lang": "Mazedonisch",
"lang_code": "mk",
"raw_tags": [
"Pl."
],
"roman": "preci",
"sense_index": "1",
"word": "преци"
},
{
"lang": "Mazedonisch",
"lang_code": "mk",
"roman": "rodonačelnik",
"sense_index": "1",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "родоначелник"
},
{
"lang": "Mazedonisch",
"lang_code": "mk",
"roman": "praotac",
"sense_index": "1",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "праотац"
},
{
"lang": "Niederländisch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense_index": "1",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "stamvader"
},
{
"lang": "Niederländisch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense_index": "1",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "voorvader"
},
{
"lang": "Niederländisch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense_index": "1",
"word": "vorzaat"
},
{
"lang": "Norwegisch",
"lang_code": "no",
"sense_index": "1",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ane"
},
{
"lang": "Polnisch",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense_index": "1",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "przodek"
},
{
"lang": "Polnisch",
"lang_code": "pl",
"raw_tags": [
"/Plural,"
],
"sense_index": "1",
"word": "przodkowie"
},
{
"lang": "Portugiesisch",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense_index": "1",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ancestral"
},
{
"lang": "Portugiesisch",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense_index": "1",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "antepassado"
},
{
"lang": "Portugiesisch",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense_index": "1",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "avô"
},
{
"lang": "Russisch",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "predok",
"sense_index": "1",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "предок"
},
{
"lang": "Russisch",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "rodonačalʹnik",
"sense_index": "1",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "родоначальник"
},
{
"lang": "Schwedisch",
"lang_code": "sv",
"sense_index": "1",
"word": "förfader"
},
{
"lang": "Serbisch",
"lang_code": "sr",
"roman": "predak",
"sense_index": "1",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "предак"
},
{
"lang": "Serbisch",
"lang_code": "sr",
"raw_tags": [
"Pl."
],
"roman": "preci",
"sense_index": "1",
"word": "преци"
},
{
"lang": "Serbisch",
"lang_code": "sr",
"roman": "rodonačelnik",
"sense_index": "1",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "родоначелник"
},
{
"lang": "Serbisch",
"lang_code": "sr",
"roman": "praotac",
"sense_index": "1",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "праотац"
},
{
"lang": "Serbokroatisch",
"lang_code": "sh",
"roman": "predak",
"sense_index": "1",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "предак"
},
{
"lang": "Serbokroatisch",
"lang_code": "sh",
"raw_tags": [
"Pl."
],
"roman": "preci",
"sense_index": "1",
"word": "преци"
},
{
"lang": "Serbokroatisch",
"lang_code": "sh",
"roman": "rodonačelnik",
"sense_index": "1",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "родоначелник"
},
{
"lang": "Serbokroatisch",
"lang_code": "sh",
"roman": "praotac",
"sense_index": "1",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "праотац"
},
{
"lang": "Slowakisch",
"lang_code": "sk",
"sense_index": "1",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "predok"
},
{
"lang": "Slowakisch",
"lang_code": "sk",
"sense_index": "1",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "praotec"
},
{
"lang": "Spanisch",
"lang_code": "es",
"raw_tags": [
"/Plural,"
],
"sense_index": "1",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "abuelos"
},
{
"lang": "Spanisch",
"lang_code": "es",
"raw_tags": [
"/Plural,"
],
"sense_index": "1",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "antepasados"
},
{
"lang": "Suaheli",
"lang_code": "sw",
"sense_index": "1",
"word": "baba"
},
{
"lang": "Tschechisch",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense_index": "1",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "předek"
},
{
"lang": "Tschechisch",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense_index": "1",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "praotec"
},
{
"lang": "Tschechisch",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense_index": "1",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "děd"
},
{
"lang": "Tschechisch",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense_index": "1",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "děda"
},
{
"lang": "Bosnisch",
"lang_code": "bs",
"roman": "deda",
"sense_index": "2",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "деда"
},
{
"lang": "Bosnisch",
"lang_code": "bs",
"roman": "djed",
"sense_index": "2",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "дјед"
},
{
"lang": "Bosnisch",
"lang_code": "bs",
"roman": "djeda",
"sense_index": "2",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "дједа"
},
{
"lang": "Bosnisch",
"lang_code": "bs",
"roman": "đed",
"sense_index": "2",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ђед"
},
{
"lang": "Bosnisch",
"lang_code": "bs",
"roman": "did",
"sense_index": "2",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "дид"
},
{
"lang": "Bosnisch",
"lang_code": "bs",
"roman": "djid",
"sense_index": "2",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "дјид"
},
{
"lang": "Englisch",
"lang_code": "en",
"sense_index": "2",
"word": "grandfather"
},
{
"lang": "Französisch",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense_index": "2",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "grand-père"
},
{
"lang": "Italienisch",
"lang_code": "it",
"sense_index": "2",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "nonno"
},
{
"lang": "Kroatisch",
"lang_code": "hr",
"sense_index": "2",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "djed"
},
{
"lang": "Kroatisch",
"lang_code": "hr",
"sense_index": "2",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "djeda"
},
{
"lang": "Kroatisch",
"lang_code": "hr",
"sense_index": "2",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "did"
},
{
"lang": "Mazedonisch",
"lang_code": "mk",
"roman": "deda",
"sense_index": "2",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "деда"
},
{
"lang": "Mazedonisch",
"lang_code": "mk",
"roman": "ded",
"sense_index": "2",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "дед"
},
{
"lang": "Niederländisch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"sense_index": "2",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "grootvader"
},
{
"lang": "Norwegisch",
"lang_code": "no",
"sense_index": "2",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "bestefar"
},
{
"lang": "Polnisch",
"lang_code": "pl",
"sense_index": "2",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "dziadek"
},
{
"lang": "Portugiesisch",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense_index": "2",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "avô"
},
{
"lang": "Russisch",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "ded",
"sense_index": "2",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "дед"
},
{
"lang": "Russisch",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "deduška",
"sense_index": "2",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "дедушка"
},
{
"lang": "Schwedisch",
"lang_code": "sv",
"sense_index": "2",
"word": "farfar"
},
{
"lang": "Schwedisch",
"lang_code": "sv",
"sense_index": "2",
"word": "morfar"
},
{
"lang": "Serbisch",
"lang_code": "sr",
"roman": "deda",
"sense_index": "2",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "деда"
},
{
"lang": "Serbisch",
"lang_code": "sr",
"roman": "djed",
"sense_index": "2",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "дјед"
},
{
"lang": "Serbisch",
"lang_code": "sr",
"roman": "djeda",
"sense_index": "2",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "дједа"
},
{
"lang": "Serbisch",
"lang_code": "sr",
"roman": "đed",
"sense_index": "2",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ђед"
},
{
"lang": "Serbisch",
"lang_code": "sr",
"roman": "did",
"sense_index": "2",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "дид"
},
{
"lang": "Serbisch",
"lang_code": "sr",
"roman": "djid",
"sense_index": "2",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "дјид"
},
{
"lang": "Serbokroatisch",
"lang_code": "sh",
"roman": "deda",
"sense_index": "2",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "деда"
},
{
"lang": "Serbokroatisch",
"lang_code": "sh",
"roman": "djed",
"sense_index": "2",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "дјед"
},
{
"lang": "Serbokroatisch",
"lang_code": "sh",
"roman": "djeda",
"sense_index": "2",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "дједа"
},
{
"lang": "Serbokroatisch",
"lang_code": "sh",
"roman": "đed",
"sense_index": "2",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "ђед"
},
{
"lang": "Serbokroatisch",
"lang_code": "sh",
"roman": "did",
"sense_index": "2",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "дид"
},
{
"lang": "Serbokroatisch",
"lang_code": "sh",
"roman": "djid",
"sense_index": "2",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "дјид"
},
{
"lang": "Slowakisch",
"lang_code": "sk",
"sense_index": "2",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "dedko"
},
{
"lang": "Slowakisch",
"lang_code": "sk",
"sense_index": "2",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "starý otec"
},
{
"lang": "Spanisch",
"lang_code": "es",
"sense_index": "2",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "abuelo"
},
{
"lang": "Tschechisch",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense_index": "2",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "děd"
},
{
"lang": "Tschechisch",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense_index": "2",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "děda"
},
{
"lang": "Tschechisch",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense_index": "2",
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"word": "dědeček"
}
],
"word": "Ahn"
}
Download raw JSONL data for Ahn meaning in Deutsch (16.9kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Deutsch dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-05 from the dewiktionary dump dated 2024-10-20 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.