"概念" meaning in 漢語

See 概念 in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

IPA: /kaɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ ni̯ɛn⁵¹/ [Mandarin, Standard-Chinese, Sinological-IPA], /kʰɔːi̯³³ niːm²²/ [Cantonese, Standard-Cantonese, Guangzhou, Hong Kong, IPA], /kʰᵘɔi³³ ⁿdiam³²/ [Cantonese, Taishanese, Taicheng, IPA], /kʰai̯¹¹⁻⁵³ li̯am³³/ [Min-Nan, Hokkien, Quanzhou, Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou, IPA, Taibei], /kʰai̯²¹⁻⁴¹ li̯am³³/ [Min-Nan, Hokkien, Quanzhou, Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou, IPA, Kaohsiung], /kʰai̯²¹⁻⁵³ li̯am²²/ [Min-Nan, Hokkien, Quanzhou, Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou, IPA], /kʰai̯⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ li̯am⁴¹/ [Min-Nan, Hokkien, Quanzhou, Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou, IPA], /kai̯²¹⁻⁴¹ li̯am³³/ [Min-Nan, Hokkien, Taiwanese, Xiamen, general, IPA, Kaohsiung], /kai̯¹¹⁻⁵³ li̯am³³/ [Min-Nan, Hokkien, Taiwanese, Xiamen, general, IPA, Taibei], /kai̯²¹⁻⁵³ li̯am²²/ [Min-Nan, Hokkien, Taiwanese, Xiamen, general, IPA], /kʰai²¹³⁻⁵⁵ niam³⁵/ [Min-Nan, Teochew, IPA] Audio: zh-gàiniàn.ogg [Mandarin, Bopomofo], LL-Q9186-Luilui6666-概念.wav [Cantonese, Guangzhou, Hong Kong, Jyutping]
  1. 反映事物本质属性的思维产物。
    Sense id: zh-概念-zh-noun-E0UOINIt
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
{
  "categories": [
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "台山話名詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "台山話詞元",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "官話名詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "官話詞元",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "帶「念」的漢語詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "帶「概」的漢語詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "有4個詞條的頁面",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "有國際音標的漢語詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "有詞條的頁面",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "有音頻鏈接的官話詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "有音頻鏈接的粵語詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "泉漳話名詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "泉漳話詞元",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "漢語名詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "漢語詞元",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "潮州話名詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "潮州話詞元",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "粵語名詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "粵語詞元",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "漢語",
  "lang_code": "zh",
  "pos": "noun",
  "pos_title": "名詞",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "反映事物本质属性的思维产物。"
      ],
      "id": "zh-概念-zh-noun-E0UOINIt"
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "gàiniàn"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Bopomofo"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ㄍㄞˋ ㄋㄧㄢˋ"
    },
    {
      "audio": "zh-gàiniàn.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f5/Zh-gàiniàn.ogg/Zh-gàiniàn.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/zh-gàiniàn.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Bopomofo"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangzhou",
        "Hong Kong",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "koi³ nim⁶"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q9186-Luilui6666-概念.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/93/LL-Q9186-Luilui6666-概念.wav/LL-Q9186-Luilui6666-概念.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/93/LL-Q9186-Luilui6666-概念.wav/LL-Q9186-Luilui6666-概念.wav.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangzhou",
        "Hong Kong",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "wav_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q9186-Luilui6666-概念.wav"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Taishanese",
        "Wiktionary-specific",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "koi¹ niam⁵"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Min-Nan",
        "Hokkien",
        "Phak-fa-su"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "khài-liām"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Min-Nan",
        "Hokkien",
        "Phak-fa-su"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "kài-liām"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Min-Nan",
        "Teochew",
        "Peng'im"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "kai³ niam⁶"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard-Chinese",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "gàiniàn"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard-Chinese",
        "Bopomofo"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ㄍㄞˋ ㄋㄧㄢˋ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard-Chinese",
        "Tongyong-Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "gàiniàn"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard-Chinese",
        "Wade–Giles"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "kai⁴-nien⁴"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard-Chinese",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "gài-nyàn"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard-Chinese",
        "Gwoyeu-Romatsyh"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "gayniann"
    },
    {
      "roman": "gajnjanʹ",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard-Chinese",
        "Cyrillic"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "гайнянь"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kaɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ ni̯ɛn⁵¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard-Chinese",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Standard-Cantonese",
        "Guangzhou",
        "Hong Kong",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "koi³ nim⁶"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Standard-Cantonese",
        "Guangzhou",
        "Hong Kong",
        "Yale",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "koi nihm"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Standard-Cantonese",
        "Guangzhou",
        "Hong Kong",
        "Cantonese",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "koi³ nim⁶"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Standard-Cantonese",
        "Guangzhou",
        "Hong Kong",
        "Guangdong-Romanization"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "koi³ nim⁶"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kʰɔːi̯³³ niːm²²/",
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Standard-Cantonese",
        "Guangzhou",
        "Hong Kong",
        "IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Taishanese",
        "Taicheng",
        "Wiktionary-specific",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "koi¹ niam⁵"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kʰᵘɔi³³ ⁿdiam³²/",
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Taishanese",
        "Taicheng",
        "IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "異讀"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Min-Nan",
        "Hokkien",
        "Quanzhou",
        "Taiwanese",
        "Xiamen",
        "Zhangzhou",
        "Phak-fa-su"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "khài-liām"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "異讀"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Min-Nan",
        "Hokkien",
        "Quanzhou",
        "Taiwanese",
        "Xiamen",
        "Zhangzhou",
        "Tâi-lô"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "khài-liām"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "異讀"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Min-Nan",
        "Hokkien",
        "Quanzhou",
        "Taiwanese",
        "Xiamen",
        "Zhangzhou",
        "Phofsit-Daibuun"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "qaeliam"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kʰai̯¹¹⁻⁵³ li̯am³³/",
      "raw_tags": [
        "異讀"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Min-Nan",
        "Hokkien",
        "Quanzhou",
        "Taiwanese",
        "Xiamen",
        "Zhangzhou",
        "IPA",
        "Taibei"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kʰai̯²¹⁻⁴¹ li̯am³³/",
      "raw_tags": [
        "異讀"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Min-Nan",
        "Hokkien",
        "Quanzhou",
        "Taiwanese",
        "Xiamen",
        "Zhangzhou",
        "IPA",
        "Kaohsiung"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kʰai̯²¹⁻⁵³ li̯am²²/",
      "raw_tags": [
        "異讀"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Min-Nan",
        "Hokkien",
        "Quanzhou",
        "Taiwanese",
        "Xiamen",
        "Zhangzhou",
        "IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kʰai̯⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ li̯am⁴¹/",
      "raw_tags": [
        "異讀"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Min-Nan",
        "Hokkien",
        "Quanzhou",
        "Taiwanese",
        "Xiamen",
        "Zhangzhou",
        "IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Min-Nan",
        "Hokkien",
        "Taiwanese",
        "Xiamen",
        "general",
        "Phak-fa-su"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "kài-liām"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Min-Nan",
        "Hokkien",
        "Taiwanese",
        "Xiamen",
        "general",
        "Tâi-lô"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "kài-liām"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Min-Nan",
        "Hokkien",
        "Taiwanese",
        "Xiamen",
        "general",
        "Phofsit-Daibuun"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "kaeliam"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kai̯²¹⁻⁴¹ li̯am³³/",
      "tags": [
        "Min-Nan",
        "Hokkien",
        "Taiwanese",
        "Xiamen",
        "general",
        "IPA",
        "Kaohsiung"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kai̯¹¹⁻⁵³ li̯am³³/",
      "tags": [
        "Min-Nan",
        "Hokkien",
        "Taiwanese",
        "Xiamen",
        "general",
        "IPA",
        "Taibei"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kai̯²¹⁻⁵³ li̯am²²/",
      "tags": [
        "Min-Nan",
        "Hokkien",
        "Taiwanese",
        "Xiamen",
        "general",
        "IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Min-Nan",
        "Teochew",
        "Peng'im"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "kai³ niam⁶"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Min-Nan",
        "Teochew",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "khài niăm"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kʰai²¹³⁻⁵⁵ niam³⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Min-Nan",
        "Teochew",
        "IPA"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "概念"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "台山話名詞",
    "台山話詞元",
    "官話名詞",
    "官話詞元",
    "帶「念」的漢語詞",
    "帶「概」的漢語詞",
    "有4個詞條的頁面",
    "有國際音標的漢語詞",
    "有詞條的頁面",
    "有音頻鏈接的官話詞",
    "有音頻鏈接的粵語詞",
    "泉漳話名詞",
    "泉漳話詞元",
    "漢語名詞",
    "漢語詞元",
    "潮州話名詞",
    "潮州話詞元",
    "粵語名詞",
    "粵語詞元"
  ],
  "lang": "漢語",
  "lang_code": "zh",
  "pos": "noun",
  "pos_title": "名詞",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "反映事物本质属性的思维产物。"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "gàiniàn"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Bopomofo"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ㄍㄞˋ ㄋㄧㄢˋ"
    },
    {
      "audio": "zh-gàiniàn.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f5/Zh-gàiniàn.ogg/Zh-gàiniàn.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/zh-gàiniàn.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Bopomofo"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangzhou",
        "Hong Kong",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "koi³ nim⁶"
    },
    {
      "audio": "LL-Q9186-Luilui6666-概念.wav",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/93/LL-Q9186-Luilui6666-概念.wav/LL-Q9186-Luilui6666-概念.wav.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/93/LL-Q9186-Luilui6666-概念.wav/LL-Q9186-Luilui6666-概念.wav.ogg",
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangzhou",
        "Hong Kong",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "wav_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q9186-Luilui6666-概念.wav"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Taishanese",
        "Wiktionary-specific",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "koi¹ niam⁵"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Min-Nan",
        "Hokkien",
        "Phak-fa-su"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "khài-liām"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Min-Nan",
        "Hokkien",
        "Phak-fa-su"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "kài-liām"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Min-Nan",
        "Teochew",
        "Peng'im"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "kai³ niam⁶"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard-Chinese",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "gàiniàn"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard-Chinese",
        "Bopomofo"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ㄍㄞˋ ㄋㄧㄢˋ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard-Chinese",
        "Tongyong-Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "gàiniàn"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard-Chinese",
        "Wade–Giles"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "kai⁴-nien⁴"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard-Chinese",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "gài-nyàn"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard-Chinese",
        "Gwoyeu-Romatsyh"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "gayniann"
    },
    {
      "roman": "gajnjanʹ",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard-Chinese",
        "Cyrillic"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "гайнянь"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kaɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ ni̯ɛn⁵¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard-Chinese",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Standard-Cantonese",
        "Guangzhou",
        "Hong Kong",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "koi³ nim⁶"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Standard-Cantonese",
        "Guangzhou",
        "Hong Kong",
        "Yale",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "koi nihm"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Standard-Cantonese",
        "Guangzhou",
        "Hong Kong",
        "Cantonese",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "koi³ nim⁶"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Standard-Cantonese",
        "Guangzhou",
        "Hong Kong",
        "Guangdong-Romanization"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "koi³ nim⁶"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kʰɔːi̯³³ niːm²²/",
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Standard-Cantonese",
        "Guangzhou",
        "Hong Kong",
        "IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Taishanese",
        "Taicheng",
        "Wiktionary-specific",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "koi¹ niam⁵"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kʰᵘɔi³³ ⁿdiam³²/",
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Taishanese",
        "Taicheng",
        "IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "異讀"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Min-Nan",
        "Hokkien",
        "Quanzhou",
        "Taiwanese",
        "Xiamen",
        "Zhangzhou",
        "Phak-fa-su"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "khài-liām"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "異讀"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Min-Nan",
        "Hokkien",
        "Quanzhou",
        "Taiwanese",
        "Xiamen",
        "Zhangzhou",
        "Tâi-lô"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "khài-liām"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "異讀"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Min-Nan",
        "Hokkien",
        "Quanzhou",
        "Taiwanese",
        "Xiamen",
        "Zhangzhou",
        "Phofsit-Daibuun"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "qaeliam"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kʰai̯¹¹⁻⁵³ li̯am³³/",
      "raw_tags": [
        "異讀"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Min-Nan",
        "Hokkien",
        "Quanzhou",
        "Taiwanese",
        "Xiamen",
        "Zhangzhou",
        "IPA",
        "Taibei"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kʰai̯²¹⁻⁴¹ li̯am³³/",
      "raw_tags": [
        "異讀"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Min-Nan",
        "Hokkien",
        "Quanzhou",
        "Taiwanese",
        "Xiamen",
        "Zhangzhou",
        "IPA",
        "Kaohsiung"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kʰai̯²¹⁻⁵³ li̯am²²/",
      "raw_tags": [
        "異讀"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Min-Nan",
        "Hokkien",
        "Quanzhou",
        "Taiwanese",
        "Xiamen",
        "Zhangzhou",
        "IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kʰai̯⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ li̯am⁴¹/",
      "raw_tags": [
        "異讀"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Min-Nan",
        "Hokkien",
        "Quanzhou",
        "Taiwanese",
        "Xiamen",
        "Zhangzhou",
        "IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Min-Nan",
        "Hokkien",
        "Taiwanese",
        "Xiamen",
        "general",
        "Phak-fa-su"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "kài-liām"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Min-Nan",
        "Hokkien",
        "Taiwanese",
        "Xiamen",
        "general",
        "Tâi-lô"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "kài-liām"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Min-Nan",
        "Hokkien",
        "Taiwanese",
        "Xiamen",
        "general",
        "Phofsit-Daibuun"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "kaeliam"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kai̯²¹⁻⁴¹ li̯am³³/",
      "tags": [
        "Min-Nan",
        "Hokkien",
        "Taiwanese",
        "Xiamen",
        "general",
        "IPA",
        "Kaohsiung"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kai̯¹¹⁻⁵³ li̯am³³/",
      "tags": [
        "Min-Nan",
        "Hokkien",
        "Taiwanese",
        "Xiamen",
        "general",
        "IPA",
        "Taibei"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kai̯²¹⁻⁵³ li̯am²²/",
      "tags": [
        "Min-Nan",
        "Hokkien",
        "Taiwanese",
        "Xiamen",
        "general",
        "IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Min-Nan",
        "Teochew",
        "Peng'im"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "kai³ niam⁶"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Min-Nan",
        "Teochew",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "khài niăm"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/kʰai²¹³⁻⁵⁵ niam³⁵/",
      "tags": [
        "Min-Nan",
        "Teochew",
        "IPA"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "概念"
}

Download raw JSONL data for 概念 meaning in 漢語 (5.3kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable 漢語 dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-08-14 from the zhwiktionary dump dated 2025-08-01 using wiktextract (fb173d2 and 3c020d2). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.