"塗炭" meaning in 漢語

See 塗炭 in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

IPA: /tʰu³⁵ tʰän⁵¹/ [Mandarin, Standard Chinese, Sinological-IPA], /tʰou̯²¹ tʰaːn³³/ [Cantonese, IPA], /tʰɔ²⁴⁻²² tʰũ̯ã²¹/ [Southern Min], /tʰɔ²⁴⁻²² tʰũ̯ã⁴¹/ [Southern Min], /tʰɔ¹³⁻²² tʰũ̯ã²¹/ [Southern Min], /tʰɔ²⁴⁻¹¹ tʰũ̯ã¹¹/ [Southern Min], /tʰɔ²³⁻³³ tʰũ̯ã²¹/ [Southern Min], /tʰou⁵⁵⁻¹¹ tʰũã²¹³/ [Southern Min, Teochew, IPA] Forms: 涂炭 [Simplified-Chinese]
  1. 煤炭
    Sense id: zh-塗炭-zh-noun-zhBvCHN1
  2. 塗泥和炭火，形容極為艱苦的處境
    Sense id: zh-塗炭-zh-noun-bO-c-2ft Categories (other): 漢語 文學 Topics: literature
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: 煤 [Jin, Cantonese, Northern Min, Eastern Min, Southern Min, Wu, Gan, Xiang, Classical Chinese], 烏金 [Classical Chinese], 煤炭 [Jin, Gan, Xiang, Northern Min, Cantonese], 炭 [Jin], 砟子, 石炭 [Jin], 石煤, 薪炭, 鋼炭, 炭圪拉得 [Jin]
Categories (other): 官話動詞, 官話名詞, 官話詞元, 帶「塗」的漢語詞, 帶「炭」的漢語詞, 有2個詞條的頁面, 有國際音標的漢語詞, 有詞條的頁面, 泉漳話動詞, 泉漳話名詞, 泉漳話詞元, 漢語動詞, 漢語名詞, 漢語詞元, 潮州話動詞, 潮州話名詞, 潮州話詞元, 粵語動詞, 粵語名詞, 粵語詞元 Derived forms: 塗炭屎 [Traditional-Chinese], 涂炭屎 [Simplified-Chinese], 塗炭生民 [Traditional-Chinese], 涂炭生民 [Simplified-Chinese], 塗炭生靈 [Traditional-Chinese], 涂炭生灵 [Simplified-Chinese], 民墜塗炭 [Traditional-Chinese], 民坠涂炭 [Simplified-Chinese], 民生塗炭 [Traditional-Chinese], 民生涂炭 [Simplified-Chinese], 生民塗炭 [Traditional-Chinese], 生民涂炭 [Simplified-Chinese], 生靈塗炭 (shēnglíngtútàn) [Traditional-Chinese], 生灵涂炭 (shēnglíngtútàn) [Simplified-Chinese]

Verb

IPA: /tʰu³⁵ tʰän⁵¹/ [Mandarin, Standard Chinese, Sinological-IPA], /tʰou̯²¹ tʰaːn³³/ [Cantonese, IPA], /tʰɔ²⁴⁻²² tʰũ̯ã²¹/ [Southern Min], /tʰɔ²⁴⁻²² tʰũ̯ã⁴¹/ [Southern Min], /tʰɔ¹³⁻²² tʰũ̯ã²¹/ [Southern Min], /tʰɔ²⁴⁻¹¹ tʰũ̯ã¹¹/ [Southern Min], /tʰɔ²³⁻³³ tʰũ̯ã²¹/ [Southern Min], /tʰou⁵⁵⁻¹¹ tʰũã²¹³/ [Southern Min, Teochew, IPA] Forms: 涂炭 [Simplified-Chinese]
  1. 陷於塗泥炭火之中，比喻所處環境艱困
    Sense id: zh-塗炭-zh-verb-zXPz1ZPC Categories (other): 漢語 文學 Topics: literature
  2. 蹂躪或破壞，使人處於極度痛苦之中
    Sense id: zh-塗炭-zh-verb-iqmstsLt Categories (other): 漢語 文學 Topics: literature
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Categories (other): 官話動詞, 官話名詞, 官話詞元, 帶「塗」的漢語詞, 帶「炭」的漢語詞, 有2個詞條的頁面, 有國際音標的漢語詞, 有詞條的頁面, 泉漳話動詞, 泉漳話名詞, 泉漳話詞元, 漢語動詞, 漢語名詞, 漢語詞元, 潮州話動詞, 潮州話名詞, 潮州話詞元, 粵語動詞, 粵語名詞, 粵語詞元 Derived forms: 塗炭屎 [Traditional-Chinese], 涂炭屎 [Simplified-Chinese], 塗炭生民 [Traditional-Chinese], 涂炭生民 [Simplified-Chinese], 塗炭生靈 [Traditional-Chinese], 涂炭生灵 [Simplified-Chinese], 民墜塗炭 [Traditional-Chinese], 民坠涂炭 [Simplified-Chinese], 民生塗炭 [Traditional-Chinese], 民生涂炭 [Simplified-Chinese], 生民塗炭 [Traditional-Chinese], 生民涂炭 [Simplified-Chinese], 生靈塗炭 (shēnglíngtútàn) [Traditional-Chinese], 生灵涂炭 (shēnglíngtútàn) [Simplified-Chinese]
{
  "categories": [
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "官話動詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "官話名詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "官話詞元",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "帶「塗」的漢語詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "帶「炭」的漢語詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "有2個詞條的頁面",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "有國際音標的漢語詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "有詞條的頁面",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "泉漳話動詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "泉漳話名詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "泉漳話詞元",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "漢語動詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "漢語名詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "漢語詞元",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "潮州話動詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "潮州話名詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "潮州話詞元",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "粵語動詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "粵語名詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "粵語詞元",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    }
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "Traditional-Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "塗炭屎"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Simplified-Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "涂炭屎"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Traditional-Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "塗炭生民"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Simplified-Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "涂炭生民"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Traditional-Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "塗炭生靈"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Simplified-Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "涂炭生灵"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Traditional-Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "民墜塗炭"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Simplified-Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "民坠涂炭"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Traditional-Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "民生塗炭"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Simplified-Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "民生涂炭"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Traditional-Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "生民塗炭"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Simplified-Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "生民涂炭"
    },
    {
      "roman": "shēnglíngtútàn",
      "tags": [
        "Traditional-Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "生靈塗炭"
    },
    {
      "roman": "shēnglíngtútàn",
      "tags": [
        "Simplified-Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "生灵涂炭"
    }
  ],
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "涂炭",
      "tags": [
        "Simplified-Chinese"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "lang": "漢語",
  "lang_code": "zh",
  "literal_meaning": "to be (mired) in mud and coal",
  "pos": "noun",
  "pos_title": "名詞",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "煤炭"
      ],
      "id": "zh-塗炭-zh-noun-zhBvCHN1"
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "漢語 文學",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "塗泥和炭火，形容極為艱苦的處境"
      ],
      "id": "zh-塗炭-zh-noun-bO-c-2ft",
      "topics": [
        "literature"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "tútàn"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Bopomofo"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ㄊㄨˊ ㄊㄢˋ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "tou⁴ taan³"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "泉漳話",
        "白話字"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "thô͘-thòaⁿ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min",
        "Teochew",
        "Peng'im"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "tou⁵ tuan³"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard Chinese",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "tútàn"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard Chinese",
        "Bopomofo"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ㄊㄨˊ ㄊㄢˋ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard Chinese",
        "Tongyong-Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "tútàn"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard Chinese",
        "Wade–Giles"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "tʻu²-tʻan⁴"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard Chinese",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "tú-tàn"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard Chinese",
        "Gwoyeu-Romatsyh"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "twutann"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard Chinese",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "тутань (tutanʹ)"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/tʰu³⁵ tʰän⁵¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard Chinese",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "標準粵語",
        "廣州–香港話"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "tou⁴ taan³"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "標準粵語",
        "廣州–香港話"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Yale",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "tòuh taan"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "標準粵語",
        "廣州–香港話"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Cantonese",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "tou⁴ taan³"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "標準粵語",
        "廣州–香港話"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangdong-Romanization"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "tou⁴ tan³"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/tʰou̯²¹ tʰaːn³³/",
      "raw_tags": [
        "標準粵語",
        "廣州–香港話"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "泉漳話",
        "白話字"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "thô͘-thòaⁿ"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "泉漳話",
        "臺羅"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "thôo-thuànn"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "泉漳話",
        "普實台文"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "to'tvoax"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/tʰɔ²⁴⁻²² tʰũ̯ã²¹/",
      "raw_tags": [
        "泉漳話",
        "國際音標 (廈門)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/tʰɔ²⁴⁻²² tʰũ̯ã⁴¹/",
      "raw_tags": [
        "泉漳話",
        "國際音標 (泉州)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/tʰɔ¹³⁻²² tʰũ̯ã²¹/",
      "raw_tags": [
        "泉漳話",
        "國際音標 (漳州)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/tʰɔ²⁴⁻¹¹ tʰũ̯ã¹¹/",
      "raw_tags": [
        "泉漳話",
        "國際音標 (臺北)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/tʰɔ²³⁻³³ tʰũ̯ã²¹/",
      "raw_tags": [
        "泉漳話",
        "國際音標 (高雄)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min",
        "Teochew",
        "Peng'im"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "tou⁵ tuan³"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min",
        "Teochew",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "thôu thuàⁿ"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/tʰou⁵⁵⁻¹¹ tʰũã²¹³/",
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min",
        "Teochew",
        "IPA"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "自貢",
        "靈川（三街）",
        "蘭銀官話",
        "徽語",
        "常德",
        "徐州",
        "宜昌",
        "白城",
        "南平（延平王臺）",
        "湄賽（騰衝）",
        "田林（浪平）",
        "靈川（楊家）",
        "南寧（下廓街）",
        "福清",
        "蘭溪",
        "汕頭",
        "濟寧",
        "梢葫蘆（甘肅東干語）",
        "江淮官話",
        "林州",
        "諸城",
        "銀川",
        "哈密",
        "臺灣",
        "廈門",
        "北海（僑港 — 吉婆島）",
        "城步（巡頭）",
        "漢源",
        "佳木斯",
        "湘潭（江南工業集團江南話）",
        "坤甸（潮汕）",
        "桂林",
        "瀘溪（梁家潭）",
        "南通",
        "信陽",
        "呼和浩特",
        "敦煌",
        "平樂（同安）",
        "蕪湖",
        "香港",
        "西昌",
        "獻縣（小營）",
        "臨汾",
        "平樂（水山）",
        "北海",
        "書面語 (白話文)",
        "福安",
        "梧州",
        "熱水塘（龍陵）",
        "桂林（東邊洲）",
        "北部平話",
        "貴陽",
        "瀋陽",
        "歙縣",
        "張家口",
        "中山閩語",
        "西南官話",
        "瓦鄉話",
        "長沙",
        "欽州（犀牛腳）",
        "冀魯官話",
        "石家莊",
        "上海（松江）",
        "鹿寨",
        "揚州",
        "靈寶",
        "南寧（福建）",
        "仙遊",
        "廣州",
        "連雲港",
        "昆明",
        "建甌",
        "漣水",
        "壽寧",
        "承德",
        "蒙自",
        "西安",
        "武漢",
        "黑河",
        "紅安",
        "金華",
        "屯溪",
        "丹東",
        "古丈（高峰）",
        "建德",
        "襄陽",
        "百色",
        "吉首",
        "長春",
        "平樂（馬家）",
        "保定",
        "九姓漁民船上話",
        "成都",
        "桂林（碧岩閣）",
        "達州",
        "五常（營城子）",
        "天水",
        "南充",
        "原陽",
        "蘇州",
        "博白（嶺坪）",
        "合肥",
        "呼倫貝爾（海拉爾）",
        "大谷地（麻栗垻）",
        "齊齊哈爾",
        "燕京官話",
        "蘭州",
        "桂林（臨桂小江）",
        "阜陽",
        "彭澤",
        "通化",
        "梅縣",
        "潮州",
        "呂梁（離石）",
        "邯鄲",
        "白河",
        "荔浦（雙堆屯）",
        "閩中語",
        "寶雞",
        "重慶",
        "莆仙語",
        "烏魯木齊",
        "平樂",
        "欽州",
        "美斯樂（瀾滄）",
        "安慶",
        "北京",
        "畢節",
        "南寧（武鳴）",
        "膠遼官話",
        "台山（廣海）",
        "唐山",
        "濟南",
        "商丘",
        "南部平話",
        "漢中",
        "屏南",
        "煙台",
        "中山（三鄉）",
        "赤峰",
        "滄州",
        "天津",
        "河池（宜州）",
        "南京",
        "涼城",
        "天門",
        "柳州",
        "陽江",
        "沅陵（筲箕灣）",
        "二連浩特",
        "曼德勒（台山）",
        "溫州",
        "羅城（東門）",
        "胡志明市（廣府）",
        "鄭州",
        "錦州",
        "客家語",
        "安康（漢濱縣河）",
        "福州",
        "黎平",
        "青島",
        "西寧",
        "陽朔（金寶）",
        "義烏",
        "陽原",
        "平山",
        "古田",
        "利津",
        "太原",
        "中原官話",
        "安康",
        "大理",
        "賓陽",
        "賓陽（南街）",
        "揭陽",
        "長治",
        "哈爾濱",
        "大連",
        "礦物",
        "燃料",
        "煙氣"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Jin",
        "Cantonese",
        "Northern Min",
        "Eastern Min",
        "Southern Min",
        "Wu",
        "Gan",
        "Xiang",
        "Classical Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "煤"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "西南官話",
        "貴陽",
        "礦物"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Classical Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "烏金"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "南充",
        "自貢",
        "石泉",
        "芒街",
        "南昌",
        "合肥",
        "瀋陽",
        "張家口",
        "燕京官話",
        "天門",
        "西南官話",
        "長沙",
        "濟寧",
        "羅城（東門）",
        "梢葫蘆（甘肅東干語）",
        "防城港（防城）",
        "錦州",
        "白河（茅坪）",
        "寶雞",
        "重慶",
        "江淮官話",
        "安康（漢濱縣河）",
        "揚州",
        "北海（僑港 — 姑蘇群島）",
        "紫陽",
        "昆明",
        "建甌",
        "衡山",
        "雙峰",
        "西安",
        "畢節",
        "紅安",
        "桂林",
        "商丘",
        "中原官話",
        "衡山（白果）",
        "蕪湖",
        "襄陽",
        "漢中",
        "安康",
        "大理",
        "永州",
        "成都",
        "達州",
        "書面語 (白話文)",
        "礦物"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Jin",
        "Gan",
        "Xiang",
        "Northern Min",
        "Cantonese"
      ],
      "word": "煤炭"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "南充",
        "原陽",
        "萬榮",
        "忻州",
        "貴陽",
        "瀋陽",
        "綏德",
        "蘭銀官話",
        "常德",
        "徐州",
        "齊齊哈爾",
        "定邊",
        "燕京官話",
        "蘭州",
        "天門",
        "西南官話",
        "通化",
        "二連浩特",
        "冀魯官話",
        "石家莊",
        "呂梁（離石）",
        "濟寧",
        "邯鄲",
        "白河",
        "鄭州",
        "重慶",
        "江淮官話",
        "揚州",
        "大同（雲州西冊田）",
        "林州",
        "諸城",
        "連雲港",
        "銀川",
        "大同",
        "蒙自",
        "昭通",
        "漢源",
        "陽原",
        "西安",
        "武漢",
        "紅安",
        "膠遼官話",
        "平山",
        "南通",
        "信陽",
        "濟南",
        "太原",
        "平遙",
        "呼和浩特",
        "中原官話",
        "臨河",
        "西昌",
        "集寧",
        "臨汾",
        "長治",
        "達州",
        "塊狀",
        "礦物",
        "燃料"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Jin"
      ],
      "word": "炭"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "蘭銀官話",
        "敦煌",
        "錦州",
        "燕京官話",
        "礦物",
        "燃料"
      ],
      "word": "砟子"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "天水",
        "中原官話",
        "梅縣",
        "綏德",
        "客家語",
        "礦物"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Jin"
      ],
      "word": "石炭"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "中原官話",
        "西寧",
        "礦物"
      ],
      "word": "石煤"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "達州",
        "西南官話",
        "礦物"
      ],
      "word": "薪炭"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "西南官話",
        "貴陽",
        "礦物"
      ],
      "word": "鋼炭"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "長治",
        "礦物"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Jin"
      ],
      "word": "炭圪拉得"
    }
  ],
  "word": "塗炭"
}

{
  "categories": [
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "官話動詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "官話名詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "官話詞元",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "帶「塗」的漢語詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "帶「炭」的漢語詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "有2個詞條的頁面",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "有國際音標的漢語詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "有詞條的頁面",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "泉漳話動詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "泉漳話名詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "泉漳話詞元",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "漢語動詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "漢語名詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "漢語詞元",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "潮州話動詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "潮州話名詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "潮州話詞元",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "粵語動詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "粵語名詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "粵語詞元",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    }
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "Traditional-Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "塗炭屎"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Simplified-Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "涂炭屎"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Traditional-Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "塗炭生民"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Simplified-Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "涂炭生民"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Traditional-Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "塗炭生靈"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Simplified-Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "涂炭生灵"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Traditional-Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "民墜塗炭"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Simplified-Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "民坠涂炭"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Traditional-Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "民生塗炭"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Simplified-Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "民生涂炭"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Traditional-Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "生民塗炭"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Simplified-Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "生民涂炭"
    },
    {
      "roman": "shēnglíngtútàn",
      "tags": [
        "Traditional-Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "生靈塗炭"
    },
    {
      "roman": "shēnglíngtútàn",
      "tags": [
        "Simplified-Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "生灵涂炭"
    }
  ],
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "涂炭",
      "tags": [
        "Simplified-Chinese"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "lang": "漢語",
  "lang_code": "zh",
  "literal_meaning": "to be (mired) in mud and coal",
  "pos": "verb",
  "pos_title": "動詞",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "漢語 文學",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "陷於塗泥炭火之中，比喻所處環境艱困"
      ],
      "id": "zh-塗炭-zh-verb-zXPz1ZPC",
      "topics": [
        "literature"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "漢語 文學",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "蹂躪或破壞，使人處於極度痛苦之中"
      ],
      "id": "zh-塗炭-zh-verb-iqmstsLt",
      "topics": [
        "literature"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "tútàn"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Bopomofo"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ㄊㄨˊ ㄊㄢˋ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "tou⁴ taan³"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "泉漳話",
        "白話字"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "thô͘-thòaⁿ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min",
        "Teochew",
        "Peng'im"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "tou⁵ tuan³"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard Chinese",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "tútàn"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard Chinese",
        "Bopomofo"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ㄊㄨˊ ㄊㄢˋ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard Chinese",
        "Tongyong-Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "tútàn"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard Chinese",
        "Wade–Giles"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "tʻu²-tʻan⁴"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard Chinese",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "tú-tàn"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard Chinese",
        "Gwoyeu-Romatsyh"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "twutann"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard Chinese",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "тутань (tutanʹ)"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/tʰu³⁵ tʰän⁵¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard Chinese",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "標準粵語",
        "廣州–香港話"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "tou⁴ taan³"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "標準粵語",
        "廣州–香港話"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Yale",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "tòuh taan"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "標準粵語",
        "廣州–香港話"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Cantonese",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "tou⁴ taan³"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "標準粵語",
        "廣州–香港話"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangdong-Romanization"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "tou⁴ tan³"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/tʰou̯²¹ tʰaːn³³/",
      "raw_tags": [
        "標準粵語",
        "廣州–香港話"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "泉漳話",
        "白話字"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "thô͘-thòaⁿ"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "泉漳話",
        "臺羅"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "thôo-thuànn"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "泉漳話",
        "普實台文"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "to'tvoax"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/tʰɔ²⁴⁻²² tʰũ̯ã²¹/",
      "raw_tags": [
        "泉漳話",
        "國際音標 (廈門)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/tʰɔ²⁴⁻²² tʰũ̯ã⁴¹/",
      "raw_tags": [
        "泉漳話",
        "國際音標 (泉州)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/tʰɔ¹³⁻²² tʰũ̯ã²¹/",
      "raw_tags": [
        "泉漳話",
        "國際音標 (漳州)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/tʰɔ²⁴⁻¹¹ tʰũ̯ã¹¹/",
      "raw_tags": [
        "泉漳話",
        "國際音標 (臺北)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/tʰɔ²³⁻³³ tʰũ̯ã²¹/",
      "raw_tags": [
        "泉漳話",
        "國際音標 (高雄)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min",
        "Teochew",
        "Peng'im"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "tou⁵ tuan³"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min",
        "Teochew",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "thôu thuàⁿ"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/tʰou⁵⁵⁻¹¹ tʰũã²¹³/",
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min",
        "Teochew",
        "IPA"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "塗炭"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "官話動詞",
    "官話名詞",
    "官話詞元",
    "帶「塗」的漢語詞",
    "帶「炭」的漢語詞",
    "有2個詞條的頁面",
    "有國際音標的漢語詞",
    "有詞條的頁面",
    "泉漳話動詞",
    "泉漳話名詞",
    "泉漳話詞元",
    "漢語動詞",
    "漢語名詞",
    "漢語詞元",
    "潮州話動詞",
    "潮州話名詞",
    "潮州話詞元",
    "粵語動詞",
    "粵語名詞",
    "粵語詞元"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "Traditional-Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "塗炭屎"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Simplified-Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "涂炭屎"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Traditional-Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "塗炭生民"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Simplified-Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "涂炭生民"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Traditional-Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "塗炭生靈"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Simplified-Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "涂炭生灵"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Traditional-Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "民墜塗炭"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Simplified-Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "民坠涂炭"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Traditional-Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "民生塗炭"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Simplified-Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "民生涂炭"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Traditional-Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "生民塗炭"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Simplified-Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "生民涂炭"
    },
    {
      "roman": "shēnglíngtútàn",
      "tags": [
        "Traditional-Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "生靈塗炭"
    },
    {
      "roman": "shēnglíngtútàn",
      "tags": [
        "Simplified-Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "生灵涂炭"
    }
  ],
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "涂炭",
      "tags": [
        "Simplified-Chinese"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "lang": "漢語",
  "lang_code": "zh",
  "literal_meaning": "to be (mired) in mud and coal",
  "pos": "noun",
  "pos_title": "名詞",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "煤炭"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "漢語 文學"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "塗泥和炭火，形容極為艱苦的處境"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "literature"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "tútàn"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Bopomofo"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ㄊㄨˊ ㄊㄢˋ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "tou⁴ taan³"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "泉漳話",
        "白話字"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "thô͘-thòaⁿ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min",
        "Teochew",
        "Peng'im"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "tou⁵ tuan³"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard Chinese",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "tútàn"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard Chinese",
        "Bopomofo"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ㄊㄨˊ ㄊㄢˋ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard Chinese",
        "Tongyong-Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "tútàn"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard Chinese",
        "Wade–Giles"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "tʻu²-tʻan⁴"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard Chinese",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "tú-tàn"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard Chinese",
        "Gwoyeu-Romatsyh"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "twutann"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard Chinese",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "тутань (tutanʹ)"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/tʰu³⁵ tʰän⁵¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard Chinese",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "標準粵語",
        "廣州–香港話"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "tou⁴ taan³"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "標準粵語",
        "廣州–香港話"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Yale",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "tòuh taan"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "標準粵語",
        "廣州–香港話"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Cantonese",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "tou⁴ taan³"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "標準粵語",
        "廣州–香港話"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangdong-Romanization"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "tou⁴ tan³"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/tʰou̯²¹ tʰaːn³³/",
      "raw_tags": [
        "標準粵語",
        "廣州–香港話"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "泉漳話",
        "白話字"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "thô͘-thòaⁿ"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "泉漳話",
        "臺羅"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "thôo-thuànn"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "泉漳話",
        "普實台文"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "to'tvoax"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/tʰɔ²⁴⁻²² tʰũ̯ã²¹/",
      "raw_tags": [
        "泉漳話",
        "國際音標 (廈門)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/tʰɔ²⁴⁻²² tʰũ̯ã⁴¹/",
      "raw_tags": [
        "泉漳話",
        "國際音標 (泉州)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/tʰɔ¹³⁻²² tʰũ̯ã²¹/",
      "raw_tags": [
        "泉漳話",
        "國際音標 (漳州)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/tʰɔ²⁴⁻¹¹ tʰũ̯ã¹¹/",
      "raw_tags": [
        "泉漳話",
        "國際音標 (臺北)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/tʰɔ²³⁻³³ tʰũ̯ã²¹/",
      "raw_tags": [
        "泉漳話",
        "國際音標 (高雄)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min",
        "Teochew",
        "Peng'im"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "tou⁵ tuan³"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min",
        "Teochew",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "thôu thuàⁿ"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/tʰou⁵⁵⁻¹¹ tʰũã²¹³/",
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min",
        "Teochew",
        "IPA"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "自貢",
        "靈川（三街）",
        "蘭銀官話",
        "徽語",
        "常德",
        "徐州",
        "宜昌",
        "白城",
        "南平（延平王臺）",
        "湄賽（騰衝）",
        "田林（浪平）",
        "靈川（楊家）",
        "南寧（下廓街）",
        "福清",
        "蘭溪",
        "汕頭",
        "濟寧",
        "梢葫蘆（甘肅東干語）",
        "江淮官話",
        "林州",
        "諸城",
        "銀川",
        "哈密",
        "臺灣",
        "廈門",
        "北海（僑港 — 吉婆島）",
        "城步（巡頭）",
        "漢源",
        "佳木斯",
        "湘潭（江南工業集團江南話）",
        "坤甸（潮汕）",
        "桂林",
        "瀘溪（梁家潭）",
        "南通",
        "信陽",
        "呼和浩特",
        "敦煌",
        "平樂（同安）",
        "蕪湖",
        "香港",
        "西昌",
        "獻縣（小營）",
        "臨汾",
        "平樂（水山）",
        "北海",
        "書面語 (白話文)",
        "福安",
        "梧州",
        "熱水塘（龍陵）",
        "桂林（東邊洲）",
        "北部平話",
        "貴陽",
        "瀋陽",
        "歙縣",
        "張家口",
        "中山閩語",
        "西南官話",
        "瓦鄉話",
        "長沙",
        "欽州（犀牛腳）",
        "冀魯官話",
        "石家莊",
        "上海（松江）",
        "鹿寨",
        "揚州",
        "靈寶",
        "南寧（福建）",
        "仙遊",
        "廣州",
        "連雲港",
        "昆明",
        "建甌",
        "漣水",
        "壽寧",
        "承德",
        "蒙自",
        "西安",
        "武漢",
        "黑河",
        "紅安",
        "金華",
        "屯溪",
        "丹東",
        "古丈（高峰）",
        "建德",
        "襄陽",
        "百色",
        "吉首",
        "長春",
        "平樂（馬家）",
        "保定",
        "九姓漁民船上話",
        "成都",
        "桂林（碧岩閣）",
        "達州",
        "五常（營城子）",
        "天水",
        "南充",
        "原陽",
        "蘇州",
        "博白（嶺坪）",
        "合肥",
        "呼倫貝爾（海拉爾）",
        "大谷地（麻栗垻）",
        "齊齊哈爾",
        "燕京官話",
        "蘭州",
        "桂林（臨桂小江）",
        "阜陽",
        "彭澤",
        "通化",
        "梅縣",
        "潮州",
        "呂梁（離石）",
        "邯鄲",
        "白河",
        "荔浦（雙堆屯）",
        "閩中語",
        "寶雞",
        "重慶",
        "莆仙語",
        "烏魯木齊",
        "平樂",
        "欽州",
        "美斯樂（瀾滄）",
        "安慶",
        "北京",
        "畢節",
        "南寧（武鳴）",
        "膠遼官話",
        "台山（廣海）",
        "唐山",
        "濟南",
        "商丘",
        "南部平話",
        "漢中",
        "屏南",
        "煙台",
        "中山（三鄉）",
        "赤峰",
        "滄州",
        "天津",
        "河池（宜州）",
        "南京",
        "涼城",
        "天門",
        "柳州",
        "陽江",
        "沅陵（筲箕灣）",
        "二連浩特",
        "曼德勒（台山）",
        "溫州",
        "羅城（東門）",
        "胡志明市（廣府）",
        "鄭州",
        "錦州",
        "客家語",
        "安康（漢濱縣河）",
        "福州",
        "黎平",
        "青島",
        "西寧",
        "陽朔（金寶）",
        "義烏",
        "陽原",
        "平山",
        "古田",
        "利津",
        "太原",
        "中原官話",
        "安康",
        "大理",
        "賓陽",
        "賓陽（南街）",
        "揭陽",
        "長治",
        "哈爾濱",
        "大連",
        "礦物",
        "燃料",
        "煙氣"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Jin",
        "Cantonese",
        "Northern Min",
        "Eastern Min",
        "Southern Min",
        "Wu",
        "Gan",
        "Xiang",
        "Classical Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "煤"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "西南官話",
        "貴陽",
        "礦物"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Classical Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "烏金"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "南充",
        "自貢",
        "石泉",
        "芒街",
        "南昌",
        "合肥",
        "瀋陽",
        "張家口",
        "燕京官話",
        "天門",
        "西南官話",
        "長沙",
        "濟寧",
        "羅城（東門）",
        "梢葫蘆（甘肅東干語）",
        "防城港（防城）",
        "錦州",
        "白河（茅坪）",
        "寶雞",
        "重慶",
        "江淮官話",
        "安康（漢濱縣河）",
        "揚州",
        "北海（僑港 — 姑蘇群島）",
        "紫陽",
        "昆明",
        "建甌",
        "衡山",
        "雙峰",
        "西安",
        "畢節",
        "紅安",
        "桂林",
        "商丘",
        "中原官話",
        "衡山（白果）",
        "蕪湖",
        "襄陽",
        "漢中",
        "安康",
        "大理",
        "永州",
        "成都",
        "達州",
        "書面語 (白話文)",
        "礦物"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Jin",
        "Gan",
        "Xiang",
        "Northern Min",
        "Cantonese"
      ],
      "word": "煤炭"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "南充",
        "原陽",
        "萬榮",
        "忻州",
        "貴陽",
        "瀋陽",
        "綏德",
        "蘭銀官話",
        "常德",
        "徐州",
        "齊齊哈爾",
        "定邊",
        "燕京官話",
        "蘭州",
        "天門",
        "西南官話",
        "通化",
        "二連浩特",
        "冀魯官話",
        "石家莊",
        "呂梁（離石）",
        "濟寧",
        "邯鄲",
        "白河",
        "鄭州",
        "重慶",
        "江淮官話",
        "揚州",
        "大同（雲州西冊田）",
        "林州",
        "諸城",
        "連雲港",
        "銀川",
        "大同",
        "蒙自",
        "昭通",
        "漢源",
        "陽原",
        "西安",
        "武漢",
        "紅安",
        "膠遼官話",
        "平山",
        "南通",
        "信陽",
        "濟南",
        "太原",
        "平遙",
        "呼和浩特",
        "中原官話",
        "臨河",
        "西昌",
        "集寧",
        "臨汾",
        "長治",
        "達州",
        "塊狀",
        "礦物",
        "燃料"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Jin"
      ],
      "word": "炭"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "蘭銀官話",
        "敦煌",
        "錦州",
        "燕京官話",
        "礦物",
        "燃料"
      ],
      "word": "砟子"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "天水",
        "中原官話",
        "梅縣",
        "綏德",
        "客家語",
        "礦物"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Jin"
      ],
      "word": "石炭"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "中原官話",
        "西寧",
        "礦物"
      ],
      "word": "石煤"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "達州",
        "西南官話",
        "礦物"
      ],
      "word": "薪炭"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "西南官話",
        "貴陽",
        "礦物"
      ],
      "word": "鋼炭"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "長治",
        "礦物"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Jin"
      ],
      "word": "炭圪拉得"
    }
  ],
  "word": "塗炭"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "官話動詞",
    "官話名詞",
    "官話詞元",
    "帶「塗」的漢語詞",
    "帶「炭」的漢語詞",
    "有2個詞條的頁面",
    "有國際音標的漢語詞",
    "有詞條的頁面",
    "泉漳話動詞",
    "泉漳話名詞",
    "泉漳話詞元",
    "漢語動詞",
    "漢語名詞",
    "漢語詞元",
    "潮州話動詞",
    "潮州話名詞",
    "潮州話詞元",
    "粵語動詞",
    "粵語名詞",
    "粵語詞元"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "Traditional-Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "塗炭屎"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Simplified-Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "涂炭屎"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Traditional-Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "塗炭生民"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Simplified-Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "涂炭生民"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Traditional-Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "塗炭生靈"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Simplified-Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "涂炭生灵"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Traditional-Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "民墜塗炭"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Simplified-Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "民坠涂炭"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Traditional-Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "民生塗炭"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Simplified-Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "民生涂炭"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Traditional-Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "生民塗炭"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Simplified-Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "生民涂炭"
    },
    {
      "roman": "shēnglíngtútàn",
      "tags": [
        "Traditional-Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "生靈塗炭"
    },
    {
      "roman": "shēnglíngtútàn",
      "tags": [
        "Simplified-Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "生灵涂炭"
    }
  ],
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "涂炭",
      "tags": [
        "Simplified-Chinese"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "lang": "漢語",
  "lang_code": "zh",
  "literal_meaning": "to be (mired) in mud and coal",
  "pos": "verb",
  "pos_title": "動詞",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "漢語 文學"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "陷於塗泥炭火之中，比喻所處環境艱困"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "literature"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "漢語 文學"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "蹂躪或破壞，使人處於極度痛苦之中"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "literature"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "tútàn"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Bopomofo"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ㄊㄨˊ ㄊㄢˋ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "tou⁴ taan³"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "泉漳話",
        "白話字"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "thô͘-thòaⁿ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min",
        "Teochew",
        "Peng'im"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "tou⁵ tuan³"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard Chinese",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "tútàn"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard Chinese",
        "Bopomofo"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ㄊㄨˊ ㄊㄢˋ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard Chinese",
        "Tongyong-Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "tútàn"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard Chinese",
        "Wade–Giles"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "tʻu²-tʻan⁴"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard Chinese",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "tú-tàn"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard Chinese",
        "Gwoyeu-Romatsyh"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "twutann"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard Chinese",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "тутань (tutanʹ)"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/tʰu³⁵ tʰän⁵¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard Chinese",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "標準粵語",
        "廣州–香港話"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "tou⁴ taan³"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "標準粵語",
        "廣州–香港話"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Yale",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "tòuh taan"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "標準粵語",
        "廣州–香港話"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Cantonese",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "tou⁴ taan³"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "標準粵語",
        "廣州–香港話"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangdong-Romanization"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "tou⁴ tan³"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/tʰou̯²¹ tʰaːn³³/",
      "raw_tags": [
        "標準粵語",
        "廣州–香港話"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "泉漳話",
        "白話字"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "thô͘-thòaⁿ"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "泉漳話",
        "臺羅"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "thôo-thuànn"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "泉漳話",
        "普實台文"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "to'tvoax"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/tʰɔ²⁴⁻²² tʰũ̯ã²¹/",
      "raw_tags": [
        "泉漳話",
        "國際音標 (廈門)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/tʰɔ²⁴⁻²² tʰũ̯ã⁴¹/",
      "raw_tags": [
        "泉漳話",
        "國際音標 (泉州)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/tʰɔ¹³⁻²² tʰũ̯ã²¹/",
      "raw_tags": [
        "泉漳話",
        "國際音標 (漳州)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/tʰɔ²⁴⁻¹¹ tʰũ̯ã¹¹/",
      "raw_tags": [
        "泉漳話",
        "國際音標 (臺北)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/tʰɔ²³⁻³³ tʰũ̯ã²¹/",
      "raw_tags": [
        "泉漳話",
        "國際音標 (高雄)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min",
        "Teochew",
        "Peng'im"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "tou⁵ tuan³"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min",
        "Teochew",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "thôu thuàⁿ"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/tʰou⁵⁵⁻¹¹ tʰũã²¹³/",
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min",
        "Teochew",
        "IPA"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "塗炭"
}

Download raw JSONL data for 塗炭 meaning in 漢語 (13.6kB)

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable 漢語 dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-07-31 from the zhwiktionary dump dated 2025-07-20 using wiktextract (ed078bd and 3c020d2). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.