"塗炭" meaning in 漢語

See 塗炭 in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

IPA: /tʰu³⁵ tʰän⁵¹/ [Mandarin, Standard Chinese, Sinological-IPA], /tʰou̯²¹ tʰaːn³³/ [Cantonese, IPA], /tʰɔ²⁴⁻²² tʰuã²¹/ [Southern Min], /tʰɔ²⁴⁻²² tʰuã⁴¹/ [Southern Min], /tʰɔ¹³⁻²² tʰuã²¹/ [Southern Min], /tʰɔ²⁴⁻¹¹ tʰuã¹¹/ [Southern Min], /tʰɔ²³⁻³³ tʰuã²¹/ [Southern Min], /tʰou⁵⁵⁻¹¹ tʰũã²¹³/ [Southern Min, Teochew, IPA] Forms: 涂炭 [Simplified Chinese]
  1. 煤炭
    Sense id: zh-塗炭-zh-noun-zhBvCHN1
  2. 塗泥和炭火，形容極為艱苦的處境
    Sense id: zh-塗炭-zh-noun-bO-c-2ft Categories (other): 漢語 文學 Topics: literature
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: 煤 [Wu, Southern Min, Cantonese, Northern Min, Xiang, Gan, Jin, Classical Chinese, Eastern Min], 烏金 [Classical Chinese], 煤炭 [Gan, Northern Min, Jin, Cantonese, Xiang], 炭 [Jin], 砟子, 石炭 [Jin], 石煤, 薪炭, 鋼炭, 炭圪拉得 [Jin]
Categories (other): 官話動詞, 官話名詞, 官話詞元, 帶「塗」的漢語詞, 帶「炭」的漢語詞, 有2個詞條的頁面, 有國際音標的漢語詞, 有詞條的頁面, 泉漳話動詞, 泉漳話名詞, 泉漳話詞元, 漢語動詞, 漢語名詞, 漢語詞元, 潮州話動詞, 潮州話名詞, 潮州話詞元, 粵語動詞, 粵語名詞, 粵語詞元 Derived forms: 塗炭屎 [Traditional Chinese], 涂炭屎 [Simplified Chinese], 塗炭生民 [Traditional Chinese], 涂炭生民 [Simplified Chinese], 塗炭生靈 [Traditional Chinese], 涂炭生灵 [Simplified Chinese], 民墜塗炭 [Traditional Chinese], 民坠涂炭 [Simplified Chinese], 民生塗炭 [Traditional Chinese], 民生涂炭 [Simplified Chinese], 生民塗炭 [Traditional Chinese], 生民涂炭 [Simplified Chinese], 生靈塗炭 (shēnglíngtútàn) [Traditional Chinese], 生灵涂炭 (shēnglíngtútàn) [Simplified Chinese]

Verb

IPA: /tʰu³⁵ tʰän⁵¹/ [Mandarin, Standard Chinese, Sinological-IPA], /tʰou̯²¹ tʰaːn³³/ [Cantonese, IPA], /tʰɔ²⁴⁻²² tʰuã²¹/ [Southern Min], /tʰɔ²⁴⁻²² tʰuã⁴¹/ [Southern Min], /tʰɔ¹³⁻²² tʰuã²¹/ [Southern Min], /tʰɔ²⁴⁻¹¹ tʰuã¹¹/ [Southern Min], /tʰɔ²³⁻³³ tʰuã²¹/ [Southern Min], /tʰou⁵⁵⁻¹¹ tʰũã²¹³/ [Southern Min, Teochew, IPA] Forms: 涂炭 [Simplified Chinese]
  1. 陷於塗泥炭火之中，比喻所處環境艱困
    Sense id: zh-塗炭-zh-verb-zXPz1ZPC Categories (other): 漢語 文學 Topics: literature
  2. 蹂躪或破壞，使人處於極度痛苦之中
    Sense id: zh-塗炭-zh-verb-iqmstsLt Categories (other): 漢語 文學 Topics: literature
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Categories (other): 官話動詞, 官話名詞, 官話詞元, 帶「塗」的漢語詞, 帶「炭」的漢語詞, 有2個詞條的頁面, 有國際音標的漢語詞, 有詞條的頁面, 泉漳話動詞, 泉漳話名詞, 泉漳話詞元, 漢語動詞, 漢語名詞, 漢語詞元, 潮州話動詞, 潮州話名詞, 潮州話詞元, 粵語動詞, 粵語名詞, 粵語詞元 Derived forms: 塗炭屎 [Traditional Chinese], 涂炭屎 [Simplified Chinese], 塗炭生民 [Traditional Chinese], 涂炭生民 [Simplified Chinese], 塗炭生靈 [Traditional Chinese], 涂炭生灵 [Simplified Chinese], 民墜塗炭 [Traditional Chinese], 民坠涂炭 [Simplified Chinese], 民生塗炭 [Traditional Chinese], 民生涂炭 [Simplified Chinese], 生民塗炭 [Traditional Chinese], 生民涂炭 [Simplified Chinese], 生靈塗炭 (shēnglíngtútàn) [Traditional Chinese], 生灵涂炭 (shēnglíngtútàn) [Simplified Chinese]
{
  "categories": [
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "官話動詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "官話名詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "官話詞元",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "帶「塗」的漢語詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "帶「炭」的漢語詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "有2個詞條的頁面",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "有國際音標的漢語詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "有詞條的頁面",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "泉漳話動詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "泉漳話名詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "泉漳話詞元",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "漢語動詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "漢語名詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "漢語詞元",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "潮州話動詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "潮州話名詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "潮州話詞元",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "粵語動詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "粵語名詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "粵語詞元",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    }
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "Traditional Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "塗炭屎"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Simplified Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "涂炭屎"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Traditional Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "塗炭生民"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Simplified Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "涂炭生民"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Traditional Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "塗炭生靈"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Simplified Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "涂炭生灵"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Traditional Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "民墜塗炭"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Simplified Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "民坠涂炭"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Traditional Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "民生塗炭"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Simplified Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "民生涂炭"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Traditional Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "生民塗炭"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Simplified Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "生民涂炭"
    },
    {
      "roman": "shēnglíngtútàn",
      "tags": [
        "Traditional Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "生靈塗炭"
    },
    {
      "roman": "shēnglíngtútàn",
      "tags": [
        "Simplified Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "生灵涂炭"
    }
  ],
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "涂炭",
      "tags": [
        "Simplified Chinese"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "lang": "漢語",
  "lang_code": "zh",
  "literal_meaning": "to be (mired) in mud and coal",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "煤炭"
      ],
      "id": "zh-塗炭-zh-noun-zhBvCHN1"
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "漢語 文學",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "塗泥和炭火，形容極為艱苦的處境"
      ],
      "id": "zh-塗炭-zh-noun-bO-c-2ft",
      "topics": [
        "literature"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "tútàn"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Bopomofo"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ㄊㄨˊ ㄊㄢˋ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "tou⁴ taan³"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "泉漳話",
        "白話字"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "thô͘-thòaⁿ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min",
        "Teochew",
        "Peng'im"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "tou⁵ tuan³"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard Chinese",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "tútàn"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard Chinese",
        "Bopomofo"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ㄊㄨˊ ㄊㄢˋ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard Chinese",
        "Tongyong-Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "tútàn"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard Chinese",
        "Wade–Giles"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "tʻu²-tʻan⁴"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard Chinese",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "tú-tàn"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard Chinese",
        "Gwoyeu-Romatsyh"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "twutann"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard Chinese",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "тутань (tutanʹ)"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/tʰu³⁵ tʰän⁵¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard Chinese",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "標準粵語",
        "廣州–香港話"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "tou⁴ taan³"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "標準粵語",
        "廣州–香港話"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Yale",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "tòuh taan"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "標準粵語",
        "廣州–香港話"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Cantonese",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "tou⁴ taan³"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "標準粵語",
        "廣州–香港話"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangdong-Romanization"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "tou⁴ tan³"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/tʰou̯²¹ tʰaːn³³/",
      "raw_tags": [
        "標準粵語",
        "廣州–香港話"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "泉漳話",
        "白話字"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "thô͘-thòaⁿ"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "泉漳話",
        "臺羅"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "thôo-thuànn"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "泉漳話",
        "普實台文"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "to'tvoax"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/tʰɔ²⁴⁻²² tʰuã²¹/",
      "raw_tags": [
        "泉漳話",
        "國際音標 (廈門"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/tʰɔ²⁴⁻²² tʰuã⁴¹/",
      "raw_tags": [
        "泉漳話",
        "國際音標 (泉州"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/tʰɔ¹³⁻²² tʰuã²¹/",
      "raw_tags": [
        "泉漳話",
        "國際音標 (漳州"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/tʰɔ²⁴⁻¹¹ tʰuã¹¹/",
      "raw_tags": [
        "泉漳話",
        "國際音標 (臺北"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/tʰɔ²³⁻³³ tʰuã²¹/",
      "raw_tags": [
        "泉漳話",
        "國際音標 (高雄"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min",
        "Teochew",
        "Peng'im"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "tou⁵ tuan³"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min",
        "Teochew",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "thôu thuàⁿ"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/tʰou⁵⁵⁻¹¹ tʰũã²¹³/",
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min",
        "Teochew",
        "IPA"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "黑河",
        "黎平",
        "安康",
        "陽原",
        "獻縣（小營）",
        "賓陽",
        "烏魯木齊",
        "滄州",
        "武漢",
        "濟南",
        "瀋陽",
        "桂林（東邊洲）",
        "九姓漁民船上話",
        "信陽",
        "莆仙語",
        "湘潭（江南工業集團江南話）",
        "冀魯官話",
        "天水",
        "桂林",
        "梧州",
        "平樂（馬家）",
        "屏南",
        "長沙",
        "大谷地（麻栗垻）",
        "彭澤",
        "成都",
        "南部平話",
        "西南官話",
        "鹿寨",
        "臺灣",
        "靈川（三街）",
        "常德",
        "潮州",
        "昆明",
        "平樂（同安）",
        "閩中語",
        "柳州",
        "二連浩特",
        "書面語 (白話文)",
        "呼倫貝爾（海拉爾）",
        "福安",
        "紅安",
        "長春",
        "濟寧",
        "丹東",
        "西昌",
        "承德",
        "蒙自",
        "南寧（武鳴）",
        "長治",
        "齊齊哈爾",
        "河池（宜州）",
        "錦州",
        "太原",
        "哈爾濱",
        "仙遊",
        "古丈（高峰）",
        "桂林（臨桂小江）",
        "吉首",
        "青島",
        "蘭溪",
        "坤甸（潮汕）",
        "蕪湖",
        "自貢",
        "梢葫蘆（甘肅東干語）",
        "襄陽",
        "胡志明市（廣府）",
        "陽朔（金寶）",
        "南京",
        "靈寶",
        "歙縣",
        "北京",
        "徽語",
        "瓦鄉話",
        "鄭州",
        "南寧（福建）",
        "呂梁（離石）",
        "達州",
        "原陽",
        "北部平話",
        "熱水塘（龍陵）",
        "林州",
        "揚州",
        "羅城（東門）",
        "天門",
        "欽州（犀牛腳）",
        "石家莊",
        "博白（嶺坪）",
        "臨汾",
        "貴陽",
        "南寧（下廓街）",
        "蘇州",
        "蘭銀官話",
        "江淮官話",
        "安慶",
        "寶雞",
        "中原官話",
        "大連",
        "梅縣",
        "建甌",
        "賓陽（南街）",
        "涼城",
        "上海（松江）",
        "中山（三鄉）",
        "佳木斯",
        "溫州",
        "桂林（碧岩閣）",
        "瀘溪（梁家潭）",
        "宜昌",
        "通化",
        "保定",
        "香港",
        "呼和浩特",
        "義烏",
        "福清",
        "古田",
        "陽江",
        "諸城",
        "合肥",
        "福州",
        "西安",
        "邯鄲",
        "商丘",
        "北海",
        "壽寧",
        "廣州",
        "張家口",
        "平樂",
        "哈密",
        "荔浦（雙堆屯）",
        "客家語",
        "沅陵（筲箕灣）",
        "曼德勒（台山）",
        "南充",
        "漢源",
        "百色",
        "徐州",
        "北京-東北官話",
        "田林（浪平）",
        "欽州",
        "建德",
        "唐山",
        "城步（巡頭）",
        "五常（營城子）",
        "漣水",
        "南通",
        "廈門",
        "金華",
        "煙台",
        "屯溪",
        "西寧",
        "北海（僑港 — 吉婆島）",
        "阜陽",
        "美斯樂（瀾滄）",
        "赤峰",
        "連雲港",
        "白河",
        "湄賽（騰衝）",
        "白城",
        "台山（廣海）",
        "平樂（水山）",
        "揭陽",
        "安康（漢濱縣河）",
        "蘭州",
        "膠遼官話",
        "敦煌",
        "漢中",
        "大理",
        "畢節",
        "汕頭",
        "平山",
        "銀川",
        "靈川（楊家）",
        "重慶",
        "南平（延平王臺）",
        "中山閩語",
        "礦物",
        "煙氣",
        "燃料"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Wu",
        "Southern Min",
        "Cantonese",
        "Northern Min",
        "Xiang",
        "Gan",
        "Jin",
        "Classical Chinese",
        "Eastern Min"
      ],
      "word": "煤"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "西南官話",
        "貴陽",
        "礦物"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Classical Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "烏金"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "北京-東北官話",
        "安康",
        "芒街",
        "南昌",
        "錦州",
        "江淮官話",
        "寶雞",
        "中原官話",
        "紫陽",
        "瀋陽",
        "建甌",
        "衡山",
        "南充",
        "桂林",
        "蕪湖",
        "石泉",
        "自貢",
        "梢葫蘆（甘肅東干語）",
        "襄陽",
        "長沙",
        "成都",
        "防城港（防城）",
        "西南官話",
        "合肥",
        "西安",
        "北海（僑港 — 姑蘇群島）",
        "安康（漢濱縣河）",
        "商丘",
        "達州",
        "大理",
        "白河（茅坪）",
        "昆明",
        "漢中",
        "畢節",
        "張家口",
        "衡山（白果）",
        "書面語 (白話文)",
        "揚州",
        "羅城（東門）",
        "天門",
        "紅安",
        "雙峰",
        "重慶",
        "濟寧",
        "永州",
        "礦物"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Gan",
        "Northern Min",
        "Jin",
        "Cantonese",
        "Xiang"
      ],
      "word": "煤炭"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "西昌",
        "漢源",
        "蒙自",
        "徐州",
        "北京-東北官話",
        "臨汾",
        "長治",
        "陽原",
        "齊齊哈爾",
        "貴陽",
        "集寧",
        "太原",
        "蘭銀官話",
        "江淮官話",
        "平遙",
        "武漢",
        "中原官話",
        "濟南",
        "瀋陽",
        "昭通",
        "南通",
        "信陽",
        "大同",
        "冀魯官話",
        "忻州",
        "大同（雲州西冊田）",
        "通化",
        "綏德",
        "重慶",
        "呼和浩特",
        "萬榮",
        "西南官話",
        "連雲港",
        "諸城",
        "鄭州",
        "白河",
        "臨河",
        "西安",
        "常德",
        "呂梁（離石）",
        "定邊",
        "蘭州",
        "膠遼官話",
        "達州",
        "邯鄲",
        "原陽",
        "二連浩特",
        "平山",
        "林州",
        "揚州",
        "銀川",
        "天門",
        "紅安",
        "南充",
        "石家莊",
        "濟寧",
        "塊狀",
        "礦物",
        "燃料"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Jin"
      ],
      "word": "炭"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "敦煌",
        "錦州",
        "北京-東北官話",
        "蘭銀官話",
        "礦物",
        "燃料"
      ],
      "word": "砟子"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "客家語",
        "綏德",
        "天水",
        "梅縣",
        "中原官話",
        "礦物"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Jin"
      ],
      "word": "石炭"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "中原官話",
        "西寧",
        "礦物"
      ],
      "word": "石煤"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "西南官話",
        "達州",
        "礦物"
      ],
      "word": "薪炭"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "西南官話",
        "貴陽",
        "礦物"
      ],
      "word": "鋼炭"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "長治",
        "礦物"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Jin"
      ],
      "word": "炭圪拉得"
    }
  ],
  "word": "塗炭"
}

{
  "categories": [
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "官話動詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "官話名詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "官話詞元",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "帶「塗」的漢語詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "帶「炭」的漢語詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "有2個詞條的頁面",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "有國際音標的漢語詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "有詞條的頁面",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "泉漳話動詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "泉漳話名詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "泉漳話詞元",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "漢語動詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "漢語名詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "漢語詞元",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "潮州話動詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "潮州話名詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "潮州話詞元",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "粵語動詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "粵語名詞",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    },
    {
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "粵語詞元",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w"
    }
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "Traditional Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "塗炭屎"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Simplified Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "涂炭屎"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Traditional Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "塗炭生民"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Simplified Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "涂炭生民"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Traditional Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "塗炭生靈"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Simplified Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "涂炭生灵"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Traditional Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "民墜塗炭"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Simplified Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "民坠涂炭"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Traditional Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "民生塗炭"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Simplified Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "民生涂炭"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Traditional Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "生民塗炭"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Simplified Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "生民涂炭"
    },
    {
      "roman": "shēnglíngtútàn",
      "tags": [
        "Traditional Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "生靈塗炭"
    },
    {
      "roman": "shēnglíngtútàn",
      "tags": [
        "Simplified Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "生灵涂炭"
    }
  ],
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "涂炭",
      "tags": [
        "Simplified Chinese"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "lang": "漢語",
  "lang_code": "zh",
  "literal_meaning": "to be (mired) in mud and coal",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "漢語 文學",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "陷於塗泥炭火之中，比喻所處環境艱困"
      ],
      "id": "zh-塗炭-zh-verb-zXPz1ZPC",
      "topics": [
        "literature"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "漢語 文學",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "蹂躪或破壞，使人處於極度痛苦之中"
      ],
      "id": "zh-塗炭-zh-verb-iqmstsLt",
      "topics": [
        "literature"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "tútàn"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Bopomofo"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ㄊㄨˊ ㄊㄢˋ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "tou⁴ taan³"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "泉漳話",
        "白話字"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "thô͘-thòaⁿ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min",
        "Teochew",
        "Peng'im"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "tou⁵ tuan³"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard Chinese",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "tútàn"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard Chinese",
        "Bopomofo"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ㄊㄨˊ ㄊㄢˋ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard Chinese",
        "Tongyong-Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "tútàn"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard Chinese",
        "Wade–Giles"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "tʻu²-tʻan⁴"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard Chinese",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "tú-tàn"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard Chinese",
        "Gwoyeu-Romatsyh"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "twutann"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard Chinese",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "тутань (tutanʹ)"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/tʰu³⁵ tʰän⁵¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard Chinese",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "標準粵語",
        "廣州–香港話"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "tou⁴ taan³"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "標準粵語",
        "廣州–香港話"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Yale",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "tòuh taan"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "標準粵語",
        "廣州–香港話"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Cantonese",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "tou⁴ taan³"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "標準粵語",
        "廣州–香港話"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangdong-Romanization"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "tou⁴ tan³"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/tʰou̯²¹ tʰaːn³³/",
      "raw_tags": [
        "標準粵語",
        "廣州–香港話"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "泉漳話",
        "白話字"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "thô͘-thòaⁿ"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "泉漳話",
        "臺羅"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "thôo-thuànn"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "泉漳話",
        "普實台文"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "to'tvoax"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/tʰɔ²⁴⁻²² tʰuã²¹/",
      "raw_tags": [
        "泉漳話",
        "國際音標 (廈門"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/tʰɔ²⁴⁻²² tʰuã⁴¹/",
      "raw_tags": [
        "泉漳話",
        "國際音標 (泉州"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/tʰɔ¹³⁻²² tʰuã²¹/",
      "raw_tags": [
        "泉漳話",
        "國際音標 (漳州"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/tʰɔ²⁴⁻¹¹ tʰuã¹¹/",
      "raw_tags": [
        "泉漳話",
        "國際音標 (臺北"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/tʰɔ²³⁻³³ tʰuã²¹/",
      "raw_tags": [
        "泉漳話",
        "國際音標 (高雄"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min",
        "Teochew",
        "Peng'im"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "tou⁵ tuan³"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min",
        "Teochew",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "thôu thuàⁿ"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/tʰou⁵⁵⁻¹¹ tʰũã²¹³/",
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min",
        "Teochew",
        "IPA"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "塗炭"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "官話動詞",
    "官話名詞",
    "官話詞元",
    "帶「塗」的漢語詞",
    "帶「炭」的漢語詞",
    "有2個詞條的頁面",
    "有國際音標的漢語詞",
    "有詞條的頁面",
    "泉漳話動詞",
    "泉漳話名詞",
    "泉漳話詞元",
    "漢語動詞",
    "漢語名詞",
    "漢語詞元",
    "潮州話動詞",
    "潮州話名詞",
    "潮州話詞元",
    "粵語動詞",
    "粵語名詞",
    "粵語詞元"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "Traditional Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "塗炭屎"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Simplified Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "涂炭屎"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Traditional Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "塗炭生民"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Simplified Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "涂炭生民"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Traditional Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "塗炭生靈"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Simplified Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "涂炭生灵"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Traditional Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "民墜塗炭"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Simplified Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "民坠涂炭"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Traditional Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "民生塗炭"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Simplified Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "民生涂炭"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Traditional Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "生民塗炭"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Simplified Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "生民涂炭"
    },
    {
      "roman": "shēnglíngtútàn",
      "tags": [
        "Traditional Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "生靈塗炭"
    },
    {
      "roman": "shēnglíngtútàn",
      "tags": [
        "Simplified Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "生灵涂炭"
    }
  ],
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "涂炭",
      "tags": [
        "Simplified Chinese"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "lang": "漢語",
  "lang_code": "zh",
  "literal_meaning": "to be (mired) in mud and coal",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "煤炭"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "漢語 文學"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "塗泥和炭火，形容極為艱苦的處境"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "literature"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "tútàn"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Bopomofo"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ㄊㄨˊ ㄊㄢˋ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "tou⁴ taan³"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "泉漳話",
        "白話字"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "thô͘-thòaⁿ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min",
        "Teochew",
        "Peng'im"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "tou⁵ tuan³"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard Chinese",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "tútàn"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard Chinese",
        "Bopomofo"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ㄊㄨˊ ㄊㄢˋ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard Chinese",
        "Tongyong-Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "tútàn"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard Chinese",
        "Wade–Giles"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "tʻu²-tʻan⁴"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard Chinese",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "tú-tàn"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard Chinese",
        "Gwoyeu-Romatsyh"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "twutann"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard Chinese",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "тутань (tutanʹ)"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/tʰu³⁵ tʰän⁵¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard Chinese",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "標準粵語",
        "廣州–香港話"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "tou⁴ taan³"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "標準粵語",
        "廣州–香港話"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Yale",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "tòuh taan"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "標準粵語",
        "廣州–香港話"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Cantonese",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "tou⁴ taan³"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "標準粵語",
        "廣州–香港話"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangdong-Romanization"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "tou⁴ tan³"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/tʰou̯²¹ tʰaːn³³/",
      "raw_tags": [
        "標準粵語",
        "廣州–香港話"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "泉漳話",
        "白話字"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "thô͘-thòaⁿ"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "泉漳話",
        "臺羅"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "thôo-thuànn"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "泉漳話",
        "普實台文"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "to'tvoax"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/tʰɔ²⁴⁻²² tʰuã²¹/",
      "raw_tags": [
        "泉漳話",
        "國際音標 (廈門"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/tʰɔ²⁴⁻²² tʰuã⁴¹/",
      "raw_tags": [
        "泉漳話",
        "國際音標 (泉州"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/tʰɔ¹³⁻²² tʰuã²¹/",
      "raw_tags": [
        "泉漳話",
        "國際音標 (漳州"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/tʰɔ²⁴⁻¹¹ tʰuã¹¹/",
      "raw_tags": [
        "泉漳話",
        "國際音標 (臺北"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/tʰɔ²³⁻³³ tʰuã²¹/",
      "raw_tags": [
        "泉漳話",
        "國際音標 (高雄"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min",
        "Teochew",
        "Peng'im"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "tou⁵ tuan³"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min",
        "Teochew",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "thôu thuàⁿ"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/tʰou⁵⁵⁻¹¹ tʰũã²¹³/",
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min",
        "Teochew",
        "IPA"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "黑河",
        "黎平",
        "安康",
        "陽原",
        "獻縣（小營）",
        "賓陽",
        "烏魯木齊",
        "滄州",
        "武漢",
        "濟南",
        "瀋陽",
        "桂林（東邊洲）",
        "九姓漁民船上話",
        "信陽",
        "莆仙語",
        "湘潭（江南工業集團江南話）",
        "冀魯官話",
        "天水",
        "桂林",
        "梧州",
        "平樂（馬家）",
        "屏南",
        "長沙",
        "大谷地（麻栗垻）",
        "彭澤",
        "成都",
        "南部平話",
        "西南官話",
        "鹿寨",
        "臺灣",
        "靈川（三街）",
        "常德",
        "潮州",
        "昆明",
        "平樂（同安）",
        "閩中語",
        "柳州",
        "二連浩特",
        "書面語 (白話文)",
        "呼倫貝爾（海拉爾）",
        "福安",
        "紅安",
        "長春",
        "濟寧",
        "丹東",
        "西昌",
        "承德",
        "蒙自",
        "南寧（武鳴）",
        "長治",
        "齊齊哈爾",
        "河池（宜州）",
        "錦州",
        "太原",
        "哈爾濱",
        "仙遊",
        "古丈（高峰）",
        "桂林（臨桂小江）",
        "吉首",
        "青島",
        "蘭溪",
        "坤甸（潮汕）",
        "蕪湖",
        "自貢",
        "梢葫蘆（甘肅東干語）",
        "襄陽",
        "胡志明市（廣府）",
        "陽朔（金寶）",
        "南京",
        "靈寶",
        "歙縣",
        "北京",
        "徽語",
        "瓦鄉話",
        "鄭州",
        "南寧（福建）",
        "呂梁（離石）",
        "達州",
        "原陽",
        "北部平話",
        "熱水塘（龍陵）",
        "林州",
        "揚州",
        "羅城（東門）",
        "天門",
        "欽州（犀牛腳）",
        "石家莊",
        "博白（嶺坪）",
        "臨汾",
        "貴陽",
        "南寧（下廓街）",
        "蘇州",
        "蘭銀官話",
        "江淮官話",
        "安慶",
        "寶雞",
        "中原官話",
        "大連",
        "梅縣",
        "建甌",
        "賓陽（南街）",
        "涼城",
        "上海（松江）",
        "中山（三鄉）",
        "佳木斯",
        "溫州",
        "桂林（碧岩閣）",
        "瀘溪（梁家潭）",
        "宜昌",
        "通化",
        "保定",
        "香港",
        "呼和浩特",
        "義烏",
        "福清",
        "古田",
        "陽江",
        "諸城",
        "合肥",
        "福州",
        "西安",
        "邯鄲",
        "商丘",
        "北海",
        "壽寧",
        "廣州",
        "張家口",
        "平樂",
        "哈密",
        "荔浦（雙堆屯）",
        "客家語",
        "沅陵（筲箕灣）",
        "曼德勒（台山）",
        "南充",
        "漢源",
        "百色",
        "徐州",
        "北京-東北官話",
        "田林（浪平）",
        "欽州",
        "建德",
        "唐山",
        "城步（巡頭）",
        "五常（營城子）",
        "漣水",
        "南通",
        "廈門",
        "金華",
        "煙台",
        "屯溪",
        "西寧",
        "北海（僑港 — 吉婆島）",
        "阜陽",
        "美斯樂（瀾滄）",
        "赤峰",
        "連雲港",
        "白河",
        "湄賽（騰衝）",
        "白城",
        "台山（廣海）",
        "平樂（水山）",
        "揭陽",
        "安康（漢濱縣河）",
        "蘭州",
        "膠遼官話",
        "敦煌",
        "漢中",
        "大理",
        "畢節",
        "汕頭",
        "平山",
        "銀川",
        "靈川（楊家）",
        "重慶",
        "南平（延平王臺）",
        "中山閩語",
        "礦物",
        "煙氣",
        "燃料"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Wu",
        "Southern Min",
        "Cantonese",
        "Northern Min",
        "Xiang",
        "Gan",
        "Jin",
        "Classical Chinese",
        "Eastern Min"
      ],
      "word": "煤"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "西南官話",
        "貴陽",
        "礦物"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Classical Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "烏金"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "北京-東北官話",
        "安康",
        "芒街",
        "南昌",
        "錦州",
        "江淮官話",
        "寶雞",
        "中原官話",
        "紫陽",
        "瀋陽",
        "建甌",
        "衡山",
        "南充",
        "桂林",
        "蕪湖",
        "石泉",
        "自貢",
        "梢葫蘆（甘肅東干語）",
        "襄陽",
        "長沙",
        "成都",
        "防城港（防城）",
        "西南官話",
        "合肥",
        "西安",
        "北海（僑港 — 姑蘇群島）",
        "安康（漢濱縣河）",
        "商丘",
        "達州",
        "大理",
        "白河（茅坪）",
        "昆明",
        "漢中",
        "畢節",
        "張家口",
        "衡山（白果）",
        "書面語 (白話文)",
        "揚州",
        "羅城（東門）",
        "天門",
        "紅安",
        "雙峰",
        "重慶",
        "濟寧",
        "永州",
        "礦物"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Gan",
        "Northern Min",
        "Jin",
        "Cantonese",
        "Xiang"
      ],
      "word": "煤炭"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "西昌",
        "漢源",
        "蒙自",
        "徐州",
        "北京-東北官話",
        "臨汾",
        "長治",
        "陽原",
        "齊齊哈爾",
        "貴陽",
        "集寧",
        "太原",
        "蘭銀官話",
        "江淮官話",
        "平遙",
        "武漢",
        "中原官話",
        "濟南",
        "瀋陽",
        "昭通",
        "南通",
        "信陽",
        "大同",
        "冀魯官話",
        "忻州",
        "大同（雲州西冊田）",
        "通化",
        "綏德",
        "重慶",
        "呼和浩特",
        "萬榮",
        "西南官話",
        "連雲港",
        "諸城",
        "鄭州",
        "白河",
        "臨河",
        "西安",
        "常德",
        "呂梁（離石）",
        "定邊",
        "蘭州",
        "膠遼官話",
        "達州",
        "邯鄲",
        "原陽",
        "二連浩特",
        "平山",
        "林州",
        "揚州",
        "銀川",
        "天門",
        "紅安",
        "南充",
        "石家莊",
        "濟寧",
        "塊狀",
        "礦物",
        "燃料"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Jin"
      ],
      "word": "炭"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "敦煌",
        "錦州",
        "北京-東北官話",
        "蘭銀官話",
        "礦物",
        "燃料"
      ],
      "word": "砟子"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "客家語",
        "綏德",
        "天水",
        "梅縣",
        "中原官話",
        "礦物"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Jin"
      ],
      "word": "石炭"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "中原官話",
        "西寧",
        "礦物"
      ],
      "word": "石煤"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "西南官話",
        "達州",
        "礦物"
      ],
      "word": "薪炭"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "西南官話",
        "貴陽",
        "礦物"
      ],
      "word": "鋼炭"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "長治",
        "礦物"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Jin"
      ],
      "word": "炭圪拉得"
    }
  ],
  "word": "塗炭"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "官話動詞",
    "官話名詞",
    "官話詞元",
    "帶「塗」的漢語詞",
    "帶「炭」的漢語詞",
    "有2個詞條的頁面",
    "有國際音標的漢語詞",
    "有詞條的頁面",
    "泉漳話動詞",
    "泉漳話名詞",
    "泉漳話詞元",
    "漢語動詞",
    "漢語名詞",
    "漢語詞元",
    "潮州話動詞",
    "潮州話名詞",
    "潮州話詞元",
    "粵語動詞",
    "粵語名詞",
    "粵語詞元"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "Traditional Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "塗炭屎"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Simplified Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "涂炭屎"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Traditional Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "塗炭生民"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Simplified Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "涂炭生民"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Traditional Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "塗炭生靈"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Simplified Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "涂炭生灵"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Traditional Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "民墜塗炭"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Simplified Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "民坠涂炭"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Traditional Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "民生塗炭"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Simplified Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "民生涂炭"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Traditional Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "生民塗炭"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Simplified Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "生民涂炭"
    },
    {
      "roman": "shēnglíngtútàn",
      "tags": [
        "Traditional Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "生靈塗炭"
    },
    {
      "roman": "shēnglíngtútàn",
      "tags": [
        "Simplified Chinese"
      ],
      "word": "生灵涂炭"
    }
  ],
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "涂炭",
      "tags": [
        "Simplified Chinese"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "lang": "漢語",
  "lang_code": "zh",
  "literal_meaning": "to be (mired) in mud and coal",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "漢語 文學"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "陷於塗泥炭火之中，比喻所處環境艱困"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "literature"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "漢語 文學"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "蹂躪或破壞，使人處於極度痛苦之中"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "literature"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "tútàn"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Bopomofo"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ㄊㄨˊ ㄊㄢˋ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "tou⁴ taan³"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "泉漳話",
        "白話字"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "thô͘-thòaⁿ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min",
        "Teochew",
        "Peng'im"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "tou⁵ tuan³"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard Chinese",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "tútàn"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard Chinese",
        "Bopomofo"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "ㄊㄨˊ ㄊㄢˋ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard Chinese",
        "Tongyong-Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "tútàn"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard Chinese",
        "Wade–Giles"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "tʻu²-tʻan⁴"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard Chinese",
        "Yale"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "tú-tàn"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard Chinese",
        "Gwoyeu-Romatsyh"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "twutann"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard Chinese",
        "Palladius"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "тутань (tutanʹ)"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/tʰu³⁵ tʰän⁵¹/",
      "tags": [
        "Mandarin",
        "Standard Chinese",
        "Sinological-IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "標準粵語",
        "廣州–香港話"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "tou⁴ taan³"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "標準粵語",
        "廣州–香港話"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Yale",
        "Jyutping"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "tòuh taan"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "標準粵語",
        "廣州–香港話"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Cantonese",
        "Pinyin"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "tou⁴ taan³"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "標準粵語",
        "廣州–香港話"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "Guangdong-Romanization"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "tou⁴ tan³"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/tʰou̯²¹ tʰaːn³³/",
      "raw_tags": [
        "標準粵語",
        "廣州–香港話"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Cantonese",
        "IPA"
      ]
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "泉漳話",
        "白話字"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "thô͘-thòaⁿ"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "泉漳話",
        "臺羅"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "thôo-thuànn"
    },
    {
      "raw_tags": [
        "泉漳話",
        "普實台文"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "to'tvoax"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/tʰɔ²⁴⁻²² tʰuã²¹/",
      "raw_tags": [
        "泉漳話",
        "國際音標 (廈門"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/tʰɔ²⁴⁻²² tʰuã⁴¹/",
      "raw_tags": [
        "泉漳話",
        "國際音標 (泉州"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/tʰɔ¹³⁻²² tʰuã²¹/",
      "raw_tags": [
        "泉漳話",
        "國際音標 (漳州"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/tʰɔ²⁴⁻¹¹ tʰuã¹¹/",
      "raw_tags": [
        "泉漳話",
        "國際音標 (臺北"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/tʰɔ²³⁻³³ tʰuã²¹/",
      "raw_tags": [
        "泉漳話",
        "國際音標 (高雄"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min"
      ]
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min",
        "Teochew",
        "Peng'im"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "tou⁵ tuan³"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min",
        "Teochew",
        "POJ"
      ],
      "zh_pron": "thôu thuàⁿ"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/tʰou⁵⁵⁻¹¹ tʰũã²¹³/",
      "tags": [
        "Southern Min",
        "Teochew",
        "IPA"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "塗炭"
}

Download raw JSONL data for 塗炭 meaning in 漢語 (13.5kB)

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable 漢語 dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the zhwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-20 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.