See serf on Wiktionary
{
"anagrams": [
{
"word": "fers"
},
{
"word": "réfs"
},
{
"word": "RESF"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Lemmes en français",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Mots en français issus d’un mot en latin",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Noms communs en français",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Rimes en français en \\ɛʁf\\",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Traductions en allemand",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Traductions en ancien français",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Traductions en anglais",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Traductions en croate",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Traductions en danois",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Traductions en espagnol",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Traductions en espéranto",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Traductions en grec",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Traductions en hongrois",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Traductions en italien",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Traductions en japonais",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Traductions en kikuyu",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Traductions en macédonien",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Traductions en moyen breton",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Traductions en néerlandais",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Traductions en polonais",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Traductions en portugais",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Traductions en russe",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Traductions en soninké",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Traductions en tchèque",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Traductions en wallon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Français",
"orig": "français",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"etymology_texts": [
"(XIᵉ siècle) Du latin servus (« serviteur, esclave »)."
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "serfs",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "serve",
"source": "form line template 'équiv-pour'",
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"lang": "Français",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "noun",
"pos_title": "Nom commun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Exemples en français",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Lexique en français de l’histoire",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "Alexandre Dumas, Les Mille et Un Fantômes",
"text": "Je suis riche, Hedwige, immensément riche, mais à la façon des seigneurs moldaves : riche de terres, de troupeaux, de serfs. Eh bien ! j’ai vendu au monastère de Hango pour un million de terres, de troupeaux, de villages."
},
{
"ref": "Henri Sée, Les classes rurales et le régime domanial en France au Moyen Âge, p. 283, V. Giard et E. Brière, 1901",
"text": "[…], et la plupart d’entre eux, au XIIᵉ siècle surtout, sont encore des serfs : dans la commune de Senlis, fondée par le roi en 1173, l’évêque a encore des mainmortables ; […]."
},
{
"ref": "René Vallery-Radot, La vie de Pasteur, Hachette, 1900, Flammarion, 1941, page 6",
"text": "Selon la coutume qui avait encore force de loi en Franche-Comté (et cela, disait Voltaire, est contradictoire avec le nom de cette province), il y avait des serfs, c'est-à-dire des gens de mainmorte, dont la condition était de ne pouvoir disposer de leurs biens et de leur personne."
},
{
"ref": "Léon Berman, Histoire des Juifs de France des origines à nos jours, 1937",
"text": "Il était difficile aux juifs d’échapper à leur sort, car, étant serfs de leurs seigneurs, ils n’avaient pas le droit de se déplacer comme ils l’auraient voulu."
},
{
"ref": "Louis Dubé, La sagesse du dalaï-lama : Préceptes et pratique du bouddhisme tibétain, dans Le Québec sceptique, nᵒ 66, été 2008, page 5",
"text": "Les serfs travaillaient sans rémunération sur des terres appartenant à de grands propriétaires terriens."
},
{
"ref": "Sully Prudhomme, Sonnet, Alphonse Lemerre, éditeur, s.d., page 120",
"text": "Mais elles vont bientôt se courber et s’asseoir,\nServes du champ pénible et des vives aiguilles ;\nLes vierges ne sont pas, dans les pauvres familles,\nDes colombes qu’un grain nourrit de l’aube au soir."
}
],
"glosses": [
"Homme, femme attachés au domaine qu’ils cultivent moyennant redevance au seigneur qui en est le propriétaire."
],
"id": "fr-serf-fr-noun-Xm2FjHEe",
"topics": [
"history"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "\\sɛʁf\\"
},
{
"ipa": "\\sɛʁ\\"
},
{
"ipa": "\\sɛʁf\\",
"rhymes": "\\ɛʁf\\"
},
{
"ipa": "\\sɛʁf\\"
},
{
"ipa": "\\sɛʁ\\"
},
{
"ipa": "\\sɛʁ\\"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-DSwissK-serf.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5b/LL-Q150_(fra)-DSwissK-serf.wav/LL-Q150_(fra)-DSwissK-serf.wav.mp3",
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"raw_tags": [
"Suisse (canton du Valais)"
],
"wav_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q150 (fra)-DSwissK-serf.wav"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-Poslovitch-serf.wav",
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"raw_tags": [
"France (Vosges)"
],
"wav_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q150 (fra)-Poslovitch-serf.wav"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-Eihel-serf.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e2/LL-Q150_(fra)-Eihel-serf.wav/LL-Q150_(fra)-Eihel-serf.wav.mp3",
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"raw_tags": [
"Suisse (Lausanne)"
],
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}
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"translations": [
{
"lang": "Allemand",
"lang_code": "de",
"word": "Leibeigener"
},
{
"lang": "Ancien français",
"lang_code": "fro",
"word": "serf"
},
{
"lang": "Anglais",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "serf"
},
{
"lang": "Croate",
"lang_code": "hr",
"word": "kmet"
},
{
"lang": "Danois",
"lang_code": "da",
"word": "livegen"
},
{
"lang": "Espagnol",
"lang_code": "es",
"word": "siervo"
},
{
"lang": "Espéranto",
"lang_code": "eo",
"word": "servutulo"
},
{
"lang": "Grec",
"lang_code": "el",
"word": "δουλοπάροικος"
},
{
"lang": "Hongrois",
"lang_code": "hu",
"word": "jobbágy"
},
{
"lang": "Italien",
"lang_code": "it",
"word": "servo"
},
{
"lang": "Japonais",
"lang_code": "ja",
"roman": "nōdo",
"word": "農奴"
},
{
"lang": "Kikuyu",
"lang_code": "ki",
"word": "ngombo"
},
{
"lang": "Macédonien",
"lang_code": "mk",
"word": "кмет"
},
{
"lang": "Moyen breton",
"lang_code": "xbm",
"word": "goas"
},
{
"lang": "Néerlandais",
"lang_code": "nl",
"word": "horige"
},
{
"lang": "Polonais",
"lang_code": "pl",
"word": "kmieć"
},
{
"lang": "Polonais",
"lang_code": "pl",
"word": "niewolnik"
},
{
"lang": "Portugais",
"lang_code": "pt",
"word": "servo"
},
{
"lang": "Russe",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "krepostnoï",
"word": "крепостной"
},
{
"lang": "Russe",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "kholop",
"word": "холоп"
},
{
"lang": "Soninké",
"lang_code": "snk",
"word": "kome"
},
{
"lang": "Tchèque",
"lang_code": "cs",
"word": "nevolník"
},
{
"lang": "Tchèque",
"lang_code": "cs",
"word": "rab"
},
{
"lang": "Wallon",
"lang_code": "wa",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"feminine"
],
"word": "sieve"
}
],
"word": "serf"
}
{
"anagrams": [
{
"word": "fers"
},
{
"word": "réfs"
},
{
"word": "RESF"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Adjectifs en français",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Lemmes en français",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Mots en français issus d’un mot en latin",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Rimes en français en \\ɛʁf\\",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Traductions en allemand",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Traductions en croate",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Traductions en espagnol",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Traductions en russe",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Français",
"orig": "français",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"etymology_texts": [
"(XIᵉ siècle) Du latin servus (« serviteur, esclave »)."
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "serfs",
"ipas": [
"\\sɛʁf\\",
"\\sɛʁ\\"
],
"tags": [
"plural",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "serve",
"ipas": [
"\\sɛʁv\\"
],
"tags": [
"singular",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "serves",
"ipas": [
"\\sɛʁv\\"
],
"tags": [
"plural",
"feminine"
]
}
],
"lang": "Français",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "adj",
"pos_title": "Adjectif",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Exemples en français",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "Jules Michelet, Bible de l’Humanité, Calmann-lévy, 1876, page 29",
"text": "Dans ce monde de pasteurs, la femme n’a nullement la vie serve qu’elle mène dans celui de chasse et de guerre."
},
{
"text": "Ces braves gens devaient être merveilleusement incorporés à la glèbe, et notre ancienne noblesse n’éprouvait assurément que liesse et contentement à tailler et mortailler une nature aussi débonnairement serve. {{source|Alfred Laisnel de la Salle, Anciennes mœurs, 2020, page 6}"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Relatif au servage."
],
"id": "fr-serf-fr-adj-a3v7LpcO"
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "\\sɛʁf\\"
},
{
"ipa": "\\sɛʁ\\"
},
{
"ipa": "\\sɛʁf\\",
"rhymes": "\\ɛʁf\\"
},
{
"ipa": "\\sɛʁf\\"
},
{
"ipa": "\\sɛʁ\\"
},
{
"ipa": "\\sɛʁ\\"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-DSwissK-serf.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5b/LL-Q150_(fra)-DSwissK-serf.wav/LL-Q150_(fra)-DSwissK-serf.wav.mp3",
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"raw_tags": [
"Suisse (canton du Valais)"
],
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{
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"raw_tags": [
"France (Vosges)"
],
"wav_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q150 (fra)-Poslovitch-serf.wav"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-Eihel-serf.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e2/LL-Q150_(fra)-Eihel-serf.wav/LL-Q150_(fra)-Eihel-serf.wav.mp3",
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"raw_tags": [
"Suisse (Lausanne)"
],
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],
"translations": [
{
"lang": "Allemand",
"lang_code": "de",
"word": "leibeigen"
},
{
"lang": "Croate",
"lang_code": "hr",
"word": "pokornički"
},
{
"lang": "Espagnol",
"lang_code": "es",
"word": "servil"
},
{
"lang": "Russe",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "krepostničeskiï",
"word": "крепостнический"
}
],
"word": "serf"
}
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Mots en ancien français issus d’un mot en latin",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Noms communs en ancien français",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancien français",
"orig": "ancien français",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"etymology_texts": [
"(Nom) Du latin servus."
],
"lang": "Ancien français",
"lang_code": "fro",
"pos": "noun",
"pos_title": "Nom commun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Exemples en ancien français",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Exemples en ancien français à traduire",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "Psautier d’Oxford,édition de Francisque Michel, circa 1100-50, page 207",
"text": "Pur tun serf David"
},
{
"ref": "lois de Guillaume le Conquérant",
"text": "Pur le franc home dix solz, et pur le serf vingt solz."
}
],
"glosses": [
"Serf."
],
"id": "fr-serf-fro-noun-H9qqT6j9"
}
],
"word": "serf"
}
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Formes de verbes en ancien français",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Mots en ancien français issus d’un mot en latin",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ancien français",
"orig": "ancien français",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"etymology_texts": [
"(Nom) Du latin servus."
],
"lang": "Ancien français",
"lang_code": "fro",
"pos": "verb",
"pos_title": "Forme de verbe",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Exemples en ancien français",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Exemples en ancien français à traduire",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "Li ABC Nostre Dame,ms. 837 de la BnF, f. 171r.",
"text": "Je te serf quant je puis"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "servir"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Première personne du singulier du présent de l’indicatif de servir."
],
"id": "fr-serf-fro-verb-bwbL3sL6"
}
],
"tags": [
"form-of"
],
"word": "serf"
}
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Lemmes en anglais",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Lexique en ancien français de l’esclavagisme",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Lexique en anglais de l’esclavagisme",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Lexique en français de l’esclavagisme",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Mots en anglais issus d’un mot en ancien français",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Noms communs en anglais",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Anglais",
"orig": "anglais",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "serfage"
},
{
"word": "serfdom"
},
{
"word": "serfhood"
},
{
"word": "serfish"
},
{
"word": "serfism"
}
],
"etymology_texts": [
"De l’ancien français serf."
],
"lang": "Anglais",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"pos_title": "Nom commun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Lexique en anglais de l’histoire",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Serf."
],
"id": "fr-serf-en-noun-H9qqT6j9",
"topics": [
"history"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "\\sɜːf\\"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-serf.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/73/LL-Q1860_(eng)-Vealhurl-serf.wav/LL-Q1860_(eng)-Vealhurl-serf.wav.mp3",
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"raw_tags": [
"Sud de l'Angleterre (Royaume-Uni)"
],
"wav_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-serf.wav"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "peasant"
},
{
"word": "peon"
},
{
"word": "villager"
}
],
"word": "serf"
}
{
"categories": [
"Mots en ancien français issus d’un mot en latin",
"Noms communs en ancien français",
"ancien français"
],
"etymology_texts": [
"(Nom) Du latin servus."
],
"lang": "Ancien français",
"lang_code": "fro",
"pos": "noun",
"pos_title": "Nom commun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Exemples en ancien français",
"Exemples en ancien français à traduire"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "Psautier d’Oxford,édition de Francisque Michel, circa 1100-50, page 207",
"text": "Pur tun serf David"
},
{
"ref": "lois de Guillaume le Conquérant",
"text": "Pur le franc home dix solz, et pur le serf vingt solz."
}
],
"glosses": [
"Serf."
]
}
],
"word": "serf"
}
{
"categories": [
"Formes de verbes en ancien français",
"Mots en ancien français issus d’un mot en latin",
"ancien français"
],
"etymology_texts": [
"(Nom) Du latin servus."
],
"lang": "Ancien français",
"lang_code": "fro",
"pos": "verb",
"pos_title": "Forme de verbe",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Exemples en ancien français",
"Exemples en ancien français à traduire"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "Li ABC Nostre Dame,ms. 837 de la BnF, f. 171r.",
"text": "Je te serf quant je puis"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "servir"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Première personne du singulier du présent de l’indicatif de servir."
]
}
],
"tags": [
"form-of"
],
"word": "serf"
}
{
"categories": [
"Lemmes en anglais",
"Lexique en ancien français de l’esclavagisme",
"Lexique en anglais de l’esclavagisme",
"Lexique en français de l’esclavagisme",
"Mots en anglais issus d’un mot en ancien français",
"Noms communs en anglais",
"anglais"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "serfage"
},
{
"word": "serfdom"
},
{
"word": "serfhood"
},
{
"word": "serfish"
},
{
"word": "serfism"
}
],
"etymology_texts": [
"De l’ancien français serf."
],
"lang": "Anglais",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"pos_title": "Nom commun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Lexique en anglais de l’histoire"
],
"glosses": [
"Serf."
],
"topics": [
"history"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "\\sɜːf\\"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-serf.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/73/LL-Q1860_(eng)-Vealhurl-serf.wav/LL-Q1860_(eng)-Vealhurl-serf.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/73/LL-Q1860_(eng)-Vealhurl-serf.wav/LL-Q1860_(eng)-Vealhurl-serf.wav.ogg",
"raw_tags": [
"Sud de l'Angleterre (Royaume-Uni)"
],
"wav_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-serf.wav"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "peasant"
},
{
"word": "peon"
},
{
"word": "villager"
}
],
"word": "serf"
}
{
"anagrams": [
{
"word": "fers"
},
{
"word": "réfs"
},
{
"word": "RESF"
}
],
"categories": [
"Lemmes en français",
"Mots en français issus d’un mot en latin",
"Noms communs en français",
"Rimes en français en \\ɛʁf\\",
"Traductions en allemand",
"Traductions en ancien français",
"Traductions en anglais",
"Traductions en croate",
"Traductions en danois",
"Traductions en espagnol",
"Traductions en espéranto",
"Traductions en grec",
"Traductions en hongrois",
"Traductions en italien",
"Traductions en japonais",
"Traductions en kikuyu",
"Traductions en macédonien",
"Traductions en moyen breton",
"Traductions en néerlandais",
"Traductions en polonais",
"Traductions en portugais",
"Traductions en russe",
"Traductions en soninké",
"Traductions en tchèque",
"Traductions en wallon",
"français"
],
"etymology_texts": [
"(XIᵉ siècle) Du latin servus (« serviteur, esclave »)."
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "serfs",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "serve",
"source": "form line template 'équiv-pour'",
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"lang": "Français",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "noun",
"pos_title": "Nom commun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Exemples en français",
"Lexique en français de l’histoire"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "Alexandre Dumas, Les Mille et Un Fantômes",
"text": "Je suis riche, Hedwige, immensément riche, mais à la façon des seigneurs moldaves : riche de terres, de troupeaux, de serfs. Eh bien ! j’ai vendu au monastère de Hango pour un million de terres, de troupeaux, de villages."
},
{
"ref": "Henri Sée, Les classes rurales et le régime domanial en France au Moyen Âge, p. 283, V. Giard et E. Brière, 1901",
"text": "[…], et la plupart d’entre eux, au XIIᵉ siècle surtout, sont encore des serfs : dans la commune de Senlis, fondée par le roi en 1173, l’évêque a encore des mainmortables ; […]."
},
{
"ref": "René Vallery-Radot, La vie de Pasteur, Hachette, 1900, Flammarion, 1941, page 6",
"text": "Selon la coutume qui avait encore force de loi en Franche-Comté (et cela, disait Voltaire, est contradictoire avec le nom de cette province), il y avait des serfs, c'est-à-dire des gens de mainmorte, dont la condition était de ne pouvoir disposer de leurs biens et de leur personne."
},
{
"ref": "Léon Berman, Histoire des Juifs de France des origines à nos jours, 1937",
"text": "Il était difficile aux juifs d’échapper à leur sort, car, étant serfs de leurs seigneurs, ils n’avaient pas le droit de se déplacer comme ils l’auraient voulu."
},
{
"ref": "Louis Dubé, La sagesse du dalaï-lama : Préceptes et pratique du bouddhisme tibétain, dans Le Québec sceptique, nᵒ 66, été 2008, page 5",
"text": "Les serfs travaillaient sans rémunération sur des terres appartenant à de grands propriétaires terriens."
},
{
"ref": "Sully Prudhomme, Sonnet, Alphonse Lemerre, éditeur, s.d., page 120",
"text": "Mais elles vont bientôt se courber et s’asseoir,\nServes du champ pénible et des vives aiguilles ;\nLes vierges ne sont pas, dans les pauvres familles,\nDes colombes qu’un grain nourrit de l’aube au soir."
}
],
"glosses": [
"Homme, femme attachés au domaine qu’ils cultivent moyennant redevance au seigneur qui en est le propriétaire."
],
"topics": [
"history"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "\\sɛʁf\\"
},
{
"ipa": "\\sɛʁ\\"
},
{
"ipa": "\\sɛʁf\\",
"rhymes": "\\ɛʁf\\"
},
{
"ipa": "\\sɛʁf\\"
},
{
"ipa": "\\sɛʁ\\"
},
{
"ipa": "\\sɛʁ\\"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-DSwissK-serf.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5b/LL-Q150_(fra)-DSwissK-serf.wav/LL-Q150_(fra)-DSwissK-serf.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5b/LL-Q150_(fra)-DSwissK-serf.wav/LL-Q150_(fra)-DSwissK-serf.wav.ogg",
"raw_tags": [
"Suisse (canton du Valais)"
],
"wav_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q150 (fra)-DSwissK-serf.wav"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-Poslovitch-serf.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/88/LL-Q150_(fra)-Poslovitch-serf.wav/LL-Q150_(fra)-Poslovitch-serf.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/88/LL-Q150_(fra)-Poslovitch-serf.wav/LL-Q150_(fra)-Poslovitch-serf.wav.ogg",
"raw_tags": [
"France (Vosges)"
],
"wav_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q150 (fra)-Poslovitch-serf.wav"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-Eihel-serf.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e2/LL-Q150_(fra)-Eihel-serf.wav/LL-Q150_(fra)-Eihel-serf.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e2/LL-Q150_(fra)-Eihel-serf.wav/LL-Q150_(fra)-Eihel-serf.wav.ogg",
"raw_tags": [
"Suisse (Lausanne)"
],
"wav_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q150 (fra)-Eihel-serf.wav"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
],
"translations": [
{
"lang": "Allemand",
"lang_code": "de",
"word": "Leibeigener"
},
{
"lang": "Ancien français",
"lang_code": "fro",
"word": "serf"
},
{
"lang": "Anglais",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "serf"
},
{
"lang": "Croate",
"lang_code": "hr",
"word": "kmet"
},
{
"lang": "Danois",
"lang_code": "da",
"word": "livegen"
},
{
"lang": "Espagnol",
"lang_code": "es",
"word": "siervo"
},
{
"lang": "Espéranto",
"lang_code": "eo",
"word": "servutulo"
},
{
"lang": "Grec",
"lang_code": "el",
"word": "δουλοπάροικος"
},
{
"lang": "Hongrois",
"lang_code": "hu",
"word": "jobbágy"
},
{
"lang": "Italien",
"lang_code": "it",
"word": "servo"
},
{
"lang": "Japonais",
"lang_code": "ja",
"roman": "nōdo",
"word": "農奴"
},
{
"lang": "Kikuyu",
"lang_code": "ki",
"word": "ngombo"
},
{
"lang": "Macédonien",
"lang_code": "mk",
"word": "кмет"
},
{
"lang": "Moyen breton",
"lang_code": "xbm",
"word": "goas"
},
{
"lang": "Néerlandais",
"lang_code": "nl",
"word": "horige"
},
{
"lang": "Polonais",
"lang_code": "pl",
"word": "kmieć"
},
{
"lang": "Polonais",
"lang_code": "pl",
"word": "niewolnik"
},
{
"lang": "Portugais",
"lang_code": "pt",
"word": "servo"
},
{
"lang": "Russe",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "krepostnoï",
"word": "крепостной"
},
{
"lang": "Russe",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "kholop",
"word": "холоп"
},
{
"lang": "Soninké",
"lang_code": "snk",
"word": "kome"
},
{
"lang": "Tchèque",
"lang_code": "cs",
"word": "nevolník"
},
{
"lang": "Tchèque",
"lang_code": "cs",
"word": "rab"
},
{
"lang": "Wallon",
"lang_code": "wa",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"feminine"
],
"word": "sieve"
}
],
"word": "serf"
}
{
"anagrams": [
{
"word": "fers"
},
{
"word": "réfs"
},
{
"word": "RESF"
}
],
"categories": [
"Adjectifs en français",
"Lemmes en français",
"Mots en français issus d’un mot en latin",
"Rimes en français en \\ɛʁf\\",
"Traductions en allemand",
"Traductions en croate",
"Traductions en espagnol",
"Traductions en russe",
"français"
],
"etymology_texts": [
"(XIᵉ siècle) Du latin servus (« serviteur, esclave »)."
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "serfs",
"ipas": [
"\\sɛʁf\\",
"\\sɛʁ\\"
],
"tags": [
"plural",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "serve",
"ipas": [
"\\sɛʁv\\"
],
"tags": [
"singular",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "serves",
"ipas": [
"\\sɛʁv\\"
],
"tags": [
"plural",
"feminine"
]
}
],
"lang": "Français",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "adj",
"pos_title": "Adjectif",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Exemples en français"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "Jules Michelet, Bible de l’Humanité, Calmann-lévy, 1876, page 29",
"text": "Dans ce monde de pasteurs, la femme n’a nullement la vie serve qu’elle mène dans celui de chasse et de guerre."
},
{
"text": "Ces braves gens devaient être merveilleusement incorporés à la glèbe, et notre ancienne noblesse n’éprouvait assurément que liesse et contentement à tailler et mortailler une nature aussi débonnairement serve. {{source|Alfred Laisnel de la Salle, Anciennes mœurs, 2020, page 6}"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Relatif au servage."
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "\\sɛʁf\\"
},
{
"ipa": "\\sɛʁ\\"
},
{
"ipa": "\\sɛʁf\\",
"rhymes": "\\ɛʁf\\"
},
{
"ipa": "\\sɛʁf\\"
},
{
"ipa": "\\sɛʁ\\"
},
{
"ipa": "\\sɛʁ\\"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-DSwissK-serf.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5b/LL-Q150_(fra)-DSwissK-serf.wav/LL-Q150_(fra)-DSwissK-serf.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5b/LL-Q150_(fra)-DSwissK-serf.wav/LL-Q150_(fra)-DSwissK-serf.wav.ogg",
"raw_tags": [
"Suisse (canton du Valais)"
],
"wav_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q150 (fra)-DSwissK-serf.wav"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-Poslovitch-serf.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/88/LL-Q150_(fra)-Poslovitch-serf.wav/LL-Q150_(fra)-Poslovitch-serf.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/88/LL-Q150_(fra)-Poslovitch-serf.wav/LL-Q150_(fra)-Poslovitch-serf.wav.ogg",
"raw_tags": [
"France (Vosges)"
],
"wav_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q150 (fra)-Poslovitch-serf.wav"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q150 (fra)-Eihel-serf.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e2/LL-Q150_(fra)-Eihel-serf.wav/LL-Q150_(fra)-Eihel-serf.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e2/LL-Q150_(fra)-Eihel-serf.wav/LL-Q150_(fra)-Eihel-serf.wav.ogg",
"raw_tags": [
"Suisse (Lausanne)"
],
"wav_url": "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/LL-Q150 (fra)-Eihel-serf.wav"
}
],
"translations": [
{
"lang": "Allemand",
"lang_code": "de",
"word": "leibeigen"
},
{
"lang": "Croate",
"lang_code": "hr",
"word": "pokornički"
},
{
"lang": "Espagnol",
"lang_code": "es",
"word": "servil"
},
{
"lang": "Russe",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "krepostničeskiï",
"word": "крепостнический"
}
],
"word": "serf"
}
Download raw JSONL data for serf meaning in All languages combined (11.9kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-03-25 from the frwiktionary dump dated 2025-03-21 using wiktextract (fef8596 and 633533e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.