See pьrati in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "peridlo"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "porťa"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Belarusian",
"lang_code": "be",
"roman": "pracʹ",
"word": "праць"
},
{
"lang": "Carpathian Rusyn",
"lang_code": "rue",
"roman": "práty",
"word": "пра́ти"
},
{
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "práty",
"word": "пра́ти"
}
],
"lang": "Old Ruthenian",
"lang_code": "zle-ort",
"roman": "prati",
"word": "прати"
}
],
"lang": "Old East Slavic",
"lang_code": "orv",
"roman": "pĭrati",
"word": "пьрати"
},
{
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "pratʹ",
"word": "прать"
}
],
"lang": "East Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "perá",
"word": "пера́"
},
{
"lang": "Macedonian",
"lang_code": "mk",
"roman": "pere",
"word": "пере"
}
],
"lang": "Church Slavonic",
"lang_code": "zls-chs",
"roman": "pĭrati",
"word": "пьрати"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Cyrillic script",
"lang_code": "sh",
"word": "пра̏ти"
},
{
"lang": "Latin script",
"lang_code": "sh",
"word": "prȁti"
}
],
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh"
}
],
"lang": "South Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"word": "prát"
}
],
"lang": "Old Czech",
"lang_code": "zlw-ocs",
"word": "práti"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"word": "prać"
},
{
"lang": "Silesian",
"lang_code": "szl",
"word": "prać"
}
],
"lang": "Old Polish",
"lang_code": "zlw-opl",
"word": "prać"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Slovak",
"lang_code": "sk",
"word": "prať"
}
],
"lang": "Old Slovak",
"lang_code": "zlw-osk",
"word": "prať"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Kashubian",
"lang_code": "csb",
"word": "prac"
},
{
"lang": "Slovincian",
"lang_code": "zlw-slv",
"word": "prac"
}
],
"lang": "Pomeranian",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Upper Sorbian",
"lang_code": "hsb",
"word": "prać"
},
{
"lang": "Lower Sorbian",
"lang_code": "dsb",
"word": "praś"
}
],
"lang": "Sorbian",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"lang": "West Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "beat"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*per-",
"id": "beat"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*per-",
"id": "beat",
"t": "to beat"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *per- (“to beat”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *per- (“to beat”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "pьràti",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"imperfective"
]
},
{
"form": "aorist imperfective",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-conj",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "c",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accent-paradigm"
]
},
{
"form": "pьranьje",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"noun-from-verb"
]
},
{
"form": "pьrati",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "pьratъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"supine"
]
},
{
"form": "pьralъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"l-participle"
]
},
{
"form": "aorist imperfective",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-conj",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "c",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accent-paradigm"
]
},
{
"form": "pьranъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"passive",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "peromъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"passive",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "pьravъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "pery",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "aorist imperfective",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-conj",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "c",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accent-paradigm"
]
},
{
"form": "pьraxъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pьra",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pьra",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "perǫ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pereši",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "peretь",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pьraxově",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"dual",
"first-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pьrasta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"dual",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pьraste",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"dual",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "perevě",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "pereta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "perete",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pьraxomъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pьraste",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pьrašę",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "peremъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "perete",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "perǫtь",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pьraaxъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pьraaše",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pьraaše",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "peri",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "peri",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pьraaxově",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"imperfect"
]
},
{
"form": "pьraašeta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"imperfect",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pьraašete",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"imperfect",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "perěvě",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "perěta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"imperative",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"imperative",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pьraaxomъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pьraašete",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pьraaxǫ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "perěmъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "perěte",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "impf-tr",
"2": "-1",
"3": "h-",
"ap": "c",
"s": "s"
},
"name": "sla-conj"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/pьrati",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "periti"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "pьrěti"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "pérti"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "pьrtь"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "sъporъ"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"to beat, to hit, to smash, to strike"
],
"id": "en-pьrati-sla-pro-verb-NfIJ2mWN",
"links": [
[
"beat",
"beat"
],
[
"hit",
"hit"
],
[
"smash",
"smash"
],
[
"strike",
"strike"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to beat, to hit, to smash, to strike"
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 100 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "EDSIL without passage",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 77 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 82 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 63 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 57 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic verbs ending in -a/C-",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 78",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Slavic verbs with accent paradigm c",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to beat, to hit, to smash, to strike",
"to wash, to launder (to remove dirt from fabrics, e.g. clothing with water and/or with cleaning agents)"
],
"id": "en-pьrati-sla-pro-verb-xfUz3Ejt",
"links": [
[
"beat",
"beat"
],
[
"hit",
"hit"
],
[
"smash",
"smash"
],
[
"strike",
"strike"
],
[
"wash",
"wash"
],
[
"launder",
"launder"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to beat, to hit, to smash, to strike",
"(transitive) to wash, to launder (to remove dirt from fabrics, e.g. clothing with water and/or with cleaning agents)"
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction",
"transitive"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Marko Snoj",
"Oleg Trubachyov",
"Rick Derksen",
"be:Віктар Уладзіміравіч Мартынаў",
"be:Генадзь Апанасавіч Цыхун",
"bg:Иван Дуриданов",
"cs:Adolf Erhart",
"uk:Мельничук Олександр Савич"
],
"word": "pьrati"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Old Cyrillic script",
"lang_code": "cu",
"roman": "pĭrati",
"word": "пьрати"
},
{
"lang": "Church Slavonic",
"lang_code": "zls-chs",
"raw_tags": [
"Russian recension"
],
"roman": "pĭrati",
"word": "пьрати"
}
],
"lang": "Old Church Slavonic",
"lang_code": "cu"
}
],
"lang": "South Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "fly"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro"
},
"expansion": "Uncertain",
"name": "uncertain"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*per-",
"t": "to overcome, to cross over"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *per- (“to overcome, to cross over”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "पिपर्ति",
"t": "to bring over"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit पिपर्ति (piparti, “to bring over”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "πείρω",
"t": "to pierce"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek πείρω (peírō, “to pierce”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "faran",
"t": "to go, to travel"
},
"expansion": "Old English faran (“to go, to travel”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*però"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *però",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "spar̃nas"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian spar̃nas",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "पर्ण",
"tr": "parṇá"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit पर्ण (parṇá)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬞𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬥𐬀"
},
"expansion": "Avestan 𐬞𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬥𐬀 (par^əna)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Uncertain. Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *per- (“to overcome, to cross over”) with semantic shift: “to overcome” > “to move forward” > “to fly”. Compare Sanskrit पिपर्ति (piparti, “to bring over”), Ancient Greek πείρω (peírō, “to pierce”), Old English faran (“to go, to travel”).\nAlternatively root *(s)per- (“feather”) is suggested, compare Proto-Slavic *però, Lithuanian spar̃nas, Sanskrit पर्ण (parṇá), Avestan 𐬞𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬥𐬀 (par^əna).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "aorist imperfective",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-conj",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "?",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accent-paradigm"
]
},
{
"form": "pьranьje",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"noun-from-verb"
]
},
{
"form": "pьrati",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "pьratъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"supine"
]
},
{
"form": "pьralъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"l-participle"
]
},
{
"form": "aorist imperfective",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-conj",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "?",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accent-paradigm"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"passive",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"passive",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "pьravъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "pery",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "aorist imperfective",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-conj",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "?",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accent-paradigm"
]
},
{
"form": "pьraxъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pьra",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pьra",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "perǫ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pereši",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "peretь",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pьraxově",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"dual",
"first-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pьrasta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"dual",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pьraste",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"dual",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "perevě",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "pereta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "perete",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pьraxomъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pьraste",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pьrašę",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "peremъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "perete",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "perǫtь",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pьraaxъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pьraaše",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pьraaše",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "peri",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "peri",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pьraaxově",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"imperfect"
]
},
{
"form": "pьraašeta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"imperfect",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pьraašete",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"imperfect",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "perěvě",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "perěta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"imperative",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"imperative",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pьraaxomъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pьraašete",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pьraaxǫ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "perěmъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "perěte",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "impf-intr",
"2": "-1",
"3": "h-",
"s": "s"
},
"name": "sla-conj"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/pьrati",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Southern regional Proto-Slavic",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to fly"
],
"id": "en-pьrati-sla-pro-verb-VbVz4JiY",
"links": [
[
"fly",
"fly"
]
],
"qualifier": "attested in South Slavic",
"raw_glosses": [
"(attested in South Slavic, intransitive) to fly"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*letě̀ti"
}
],
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"intransitive",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Rick Derksen"
],
"word": "pьrati"
}
{
"categories": [
"EDSIL without passage",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Slavic ablauting verbs",
"Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Slavic imperfective verbs",
"Proto-Slavic lemmas",
"Proto-Slavic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Slavic terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *per- (beat)",
"Proto-Slavic terms with unknown etymologies",
"Proto-Slavic verbs",
"Proto-Slavic verbs ending in -a/C-",
"Proto-Slavic verbs with accent paradigm c",
"sla-conj with extra parameters/2root",
"sla-conj with extra parameters/ap",
"sla-conj with extra parameters/n",
"sla-conj with extra parameters/s",
"sla-pro:Laundry",
"sla-pro:Violence"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "peridlo"
},
{
"word": "porťa"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Belarusian",
"lang_code": "be",
"roman": "pracʹ",
"word": "праць"
},
{
"lang": "Carpathian Rusyn",
"lang_code": "rue",
"roman": "práty",
"word": "пра́ти"
},
{
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"roman": "práty",
"word": "пра́ти"
}
],
"lang": "Old Ruthenian",
"lang_code": "zle-ort",
"roman": "prati",
"word": "прати"
}
],
"lang": "Old East Slavic",
"lang_code": "orv",
"roman": "pĭrati",
"word": "пьрати"
},
{
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "pratʹ",
"word": "прать"
}
],
"lang": "East Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "perá",
"word": "пера́"
},
{
"lang": "Macedonian",
"lang_code": "mk",
"roman": "pere",
"word": "пере"
}
],
"lang": "Church Slavonic",
"lang_code": "zls-chs",
"roman": "pĭrati",
"word": "пьрати"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Cyrillic script",
"lang_code": "sh",
"word": "пра̏ти"
},
{
"lang": "Latin script",
"lang_code": "sh",
"word": "prȁti"
}
],
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh"
}
],
"lang": "South Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"word": "prát"
}
],
"lang": "Old Czech",
"lang_code": "zlw-ocs",
"word": "práti"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"word": "prać"
},
{
"lang": "Silesian",
"lang_code": "szl",
"word": "prać"
}
],
"lang": "Old Polish",
"lang_code": "zlw-opl",
"word": "prać"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Slovak",
"lang_code": "sk",
"word": "prať"
}
],
"lang": "Old Slovak",
"lang_code": "zlw-osk",
"word": "prať"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Kashubian",
"lang_code": "csb",
"word": "prac"
},
{
"lang": "Slovincian",
"lang_code": "zlw-slv",
"word": "prac"
}
],
"lang": "Pomeranian",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Upper Sorbian",
"lang_code": "hsb",
"word": "prać"
},
{
"lang": "Lower Sorbian",
"lang_code": "dsb",
"word": "praś"
}
],
"lang": "Sorbian",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"lang": "West Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "beat"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*per-",
"id": "beat"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*per-",
"id": "beat",
"t": "to beat"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *per- (“to beat”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *per- (“to beat”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "pьràti",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"imperfective"
]
},
{
"form": "aorist imperfective",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-conj",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "c",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accent-paradigm"
]
},
{
"form": "pьranьje",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"noun-from-verb"
]
},
{
"form": "pьrati",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "pьratъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"supine"
]
},
{
"form": "pьralъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"l-participle"
]
},
{
"form": "aorist imperfective",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-conj",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "c",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accent-paradigm"
]
},
{
"form": "pьranъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"passive",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "peromъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"passive",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "pьravъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "pery",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "aorist imperfective",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-conj",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "c",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accent-paradigm"
]
},
{
"form": "pьraxъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pьra",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pьra",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "perǫ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pereši",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "peretь",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pьraxově",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"dual",
"first-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pьrasta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"dual",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pьraste",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"dual",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "perevě",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "pereta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "perete",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pьraxomъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pьraste",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pьrašę",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "peremъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "perete",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "perǫtь",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pьraaxъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pьraaše",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pьraaše",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "peri",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "peri",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pьraaxově",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"imperfect"
]
},
{
"form": "pьraašeta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"imperfect",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pьraašete",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"imperfect",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "perěvě",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "perěta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"imperative",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"imperative",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pьraaxomъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pьraašete",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pьraaxǫ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "perěmъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "perěte",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "impf-tr",
"2": "-1",
"3": "h-",
"ap": "c",
"s": "s"
},
"name": "sla-conj"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/pьrati",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"word": "periti"
},
{
"word": "pьrěti"
},
{
"word": "pérti"
},
{
"word": "pьrtь"
},
{
"word": "sъporъ"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Proto-Slavic transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to beat, to hit, to smash, to strike"
],
"links": [
[
"beat",
"beat"
],
[
"hit",
"hit"
],
[
"smash",
"smash"
],
[
"strike",
"strike"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to beat, to hit, to smash, to strike"
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Proto-Slavic transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to beat, to hit, to smash, to strike",
"to wash, to launder (to remove dirt from fabrics, e.g. clothing with water and/or with cleaning agents)"
],
"links": [
[
"beat",
"beat"
],
[
"hit",
"hit"
],
[
"smash",
"smash"
],
[
"strike",
"strike"
],
[
"wash",
"wash"
],
[
"launder",
"launder"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to beat, to hit, to smash, to strike",
"(transitive) to wash, to launder (to remove dirt from fabrics, e.g. clothing with water and/or with cleaning agents)"
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction",
"transitive"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Marko Snoj",
"Oleg Trubachyov",
"Rick Derksen",
"be:Віктар Уладзіміравіч Мартынаў",
"be:Генадзь Апанасавіч Цыхун",
"bg:Иван Дуриданов",
"cs:Adolf Erhart",
"uk:Мельничук Олександр Савич"
],
"word": "pьrati"
}
{
"categories": [
"EDSIL without passage",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Slavic ablauting verbs",
"Proto-Slavic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Slavic imperfective verbs",
"Proto-Slavic lemmas",
"Proto-Slavic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Slavic terms with unknown etymologies",
"Proto-Slavic verbs",
"Proto-Slavic verbs ending in -a/C-",
"sla-conj with extra parameters/2root",
"sla-conj with extra parameters/n",
"sla-conj with extra parameters/s",
"sla-pro:Laundry",
"sla-pro:Violence"
],
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Old Cyrillic script",
"lang_code": "cu",
"roman": "pĭrati",
"word": "пьрати"
},
{
"lang": "Church Slavonic",
"lang_code": "zls-chs",
"raw_tags": [
"Russian recension"
],
"roman": "pĭrati",
"word": "пьрати"
}
],
"lang": "Old Church Slavonic",
"lang_code": "cu"
}
],
"lang": "South Slavic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "fly"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro"
},
"expansion": "Uncertain",
"name": "uncertain"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*per-",
"t": "to overcome, to cross over"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *per- (“to overcome, to cross over”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "पिपर्ति",
"t": "to bring over"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit पिपर्ति (piparti, “to bring over”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "πείρω",
"t": "to pierce"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek πείρω (peírō, “to pierce”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "faran",
"t": "to go, to travel"
},
"expansion": "Old English faran (“to go, to travel”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*però"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *però",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "spar̃nas"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian spar̃nas",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "पर्ण",
"tr": "parṇá"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit पर्ण (parṇá)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬞𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬥𐬀"
},
"expansion": "Avestan 𐬞𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬥𐬀 (par^əna)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Uncertain. Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *per- (“to overcome, to cross over”) with semantic shift: “to overcome” > “to move forward” > “to fly”. Compare Sanskrit पिपर्ति (piparti, “to bring over”), Ancient Greek πείρω (peírō, “to pierce”), Old English faran (“to go, to travel”).\nAlternatively root *(s)per- (“feather”) is suggested, compare Proto-Slavic *però, Lithuanian spar̃nas, Sanskrit पर्ण (parṇá), Avestan 𐬞𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬥𐬀 (par^əna).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "aorist imperfective",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-conj",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "?",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accent-paradigm"
]
},
{
"form": "pьranьje",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"noun-from-verb"
]
},
{
"form": "pьrati",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "pьratъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"supine"
]
},
{
"form": "pьralъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"l-participle"
]
},
{
"form": "aorist imperfective",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-conj",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "?",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accent-paradigm"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"passive",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"participle",
"passive",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "pьravъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "pery",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"active",
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "aorist imperfective",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "sla-conj",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "?",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accent-paradigm"
]
},
{
"form": "pьraxъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pьra",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pьra",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "perǫ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pereši",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "peretь",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pьraxově",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"dual",
"first-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pьrasta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"dual",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pьraste",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"dual",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "perevě",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "pereta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "perete",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pьraxomъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pьraste",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pьrašę",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"aorist",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "peremъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "perete",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "perǫtь",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pьraaxъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pьraaše",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pьraaše",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "peri",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "peri",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pьraaxově",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"imperfect"
]
},
{
"form": "pьraašeta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"imperfect",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pьraašete",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"imperfect",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "perěvě",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"first-person",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "perěta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"imperative",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"imperative",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pьraaxomъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pьraašete",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "pьraaxǫ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "perěmъ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "perěte",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "impf-intr",
"2": "-1",
"3": "h-",
"s": "s"
},
"name": "sla-conj"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/pьrati",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Proto-Slavic intransitive verbs",
"Southern regional Proto-Slavic"
],
"glosses": [
"to fly"
],
"links": [
[
"fly",
"fly"
]
],
"qualifier": "attested in South Slavic",
"raw_glosses": [
"(attested in South Slavic, intransitive) to fly"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*letě̀ti"
}
],
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"intransitive",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Rick Derksen"
],
"word": "pьrati"
}
Download raw JSONL data for pьrati meaning in Proto-Slavic (17.3kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Slavic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-11-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-10-21 using wiktextract (4c3c609 and 24bdde4). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.